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The INDDEX24 Dietary Assessment Platform (INDDEX24) was developed to facilitate the collection of 24-h dietary recall (24HR) data. Alongside validation studies in Viet Nam and Burkina Faso in 2019-2020, we conducted activity-based costing studies to estimate the cost of conducting a 24HR among women of reproductive age using INDDEX24 compared with the pen-and-paper interview (PAPI) approach. We also modelled alternative scenarios in which: (1) 25-75 % of dietary reference data were borrowed from the INDDEX24 Global Food Matters Database (FMDB); (2) all study personnel were locally based and (3) national-scale surveys. In the primary analysis, in Viet Nam, the 24HR cost US $111 004 ($755/respondent, n 147) using INDDEX24 and $120 483 ($820/respondent, n 147) using PAPI. In Burkina Faso, the 24HR cost $78 105 ($539/respondent, n 145) using INDDEX24 and $79 465 ($544/respondent, n 146) using PAPI. In modelled scenarios, borrowing dietary reference data from the FMDB decreased the cost of INDDEX24 by 17-34 % (Viet Nam) and 5-15 % (Burkina Faso). With all locally based personnel, INDDEX24 cost more than PAPI ($498 v. $448 per respondent in Viet Nam and $456 v. $410 in Burkina Faso). However, at national scales (n 4376, Viet Nam; n 6500, Burkina Faso) using all locally based personnel, INDDEX24 was more cost-efficient ($109 v. $137 per respondent in Viet Nam and $123 v. $148 in Burkina Faso). In two countries and under most circumstances, INDDEX24 was less expensive than PAPI. Higher INDDEX24 survey preparation costs (including purchasing equipment) were more than offset by higher PAPI data entry, cleaning and processing costs. INDDEX24 may facilitate cost-efficient dietary data collection.

Postures at work are paramount in ergonomics. They can be determined using observation and inclinometry in a variety of measurement scenarios that may differ both in costs associated with collecting and processing data, and in efficiency, i.e. the precision of the eventual outcome. The trade-off between cost and efficiency has rarely been addressed in research despite the obvious interest of obtaining precise data at low costs. Median trunk and upper arm inclination were determined for full shifts in 28 paper mill workers using both observation and inclinometry. Costs were estimated using comprehensive cost equations; and efficiency, i.e. the inverted standard deviation of the group mean, was assessed on basis of exposure variance components. Cost and efficiency were estimated in simulations of six sampling scenarios: two for inclinometry (sampling from one or three shifts) and four for observation (one or three observers rating one or three shifts). Each of the six scenarios was evaluated for 1 through 50 workers. Cost-efficiency relationships between the scenarios were intricate. As an example, inclinometry was always more cost-efficient than observation for trunk inclination, except for observation strategies involving only few workers; while for arm inclination, observation by three observers of one shift per worker outperformed inclinometry on three shifts up to a budget of €20000, after which inclinometry prevailed. At a budget of €10000, the best sampling scenario for arm inclination was 2.5 times more efficient than the worst. Arm inclination could be determined with better cost-efficiency than trunk inclination. Our study illustrates that the cost-efficiency of different posture measurement strategies can be assessed and compared using easily accessible diagrams. While the numeric examples in our study are specific to the investigated occupation, exposure variables, and sampling logistics, we believe that inclinometry will, in general, outperform observation. In any specific case, we recommend a thorough analysis, using the comparison procedure proposed in the present study, of feasible strategies for obtaining data, in order to arrive at an informed decision support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a correction notice for an article titled "Cost and statistical efficiency of posture assessment by inclinometry and observation, exemplified by paper mill work." The correction is related to an error in Figure 2, specifically the efficiency ordinate scale in panel B. The corrected figure is provided in the document. The article discusses the sampling efficiency and costs associated with different strategies for posture assessment using inclinometry and observation in the context of paper mill work. The authors of the article are Svend Erik Mathiassen, Amanda Waleh Åström, Annika Strömberg, and Marina Heiden. [Extracted from the article]

Although they are pegged to receive, emergencies occur with some frequency and sometimes cannot be "predicted" or even when emergency situations occur they become crucial and can save an organization from a harmful disbursement. However, most urgent purchases are oriented toward the low or inexistent planning, which, in addition to the economic factor in increasing the value of the good or the service, affects the areas involved, and even the image of the organization, the environmental and safety factors. Thus, the cause of emergencies becomes an indication and the negotiations can mean reduction of millions in expenses of large industries. Thus, the study became systemic in the emergency purchases of a large Brazilian pulp and paper producer, in addition, a methodology that allowed the reduction of planting and application costs. As a result, the goal of a 10% reduction in emerging expenditures in 2018 when compared to the previous year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing the filler content in paper to reduce the cost of materials is an ongoing effort among papermakers. Selecting the proper calcium carbonate additive for each type of paper is the key to achieving this goal. Calcium carbonate is the most widely used filler material in the paper industry. On average, it is applied at levels of 18% to 30%. Quality requirements of each type of paper vary widely, according to use; understanding the effect that different types of calcium carbonate have on paper properties allows producers to choose the best filler for each use. Given that the market for uncoated digital printing paper is expected to grow, this study focused on selecting the optimal calcium carbonate for the production of uncoated digital printing paper made from 100% eucalyptus pulp. In this study, 13 varieties of calcium carbonates were used to prepare handsheets for the detailed analyses of structural, optical, and strength properties. The samples included nine varieties of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) (two rhombic and seven scalenohedral, covering a particle size range from 1.2 pm to 2.9 |jm) and four varieties of ground calcium carbonate (GCC) (three anionic and one cationic, with a particle size range of 0.7 pm to 1.5 (jm). From the results of this study, we determined that the optimal calcium carbonate for uncoated digital printing paper made from eucalyptus pulp is scalenohedral PCC with a particle size of 1.9 pm, because of its positive effects on caliper, stiffness, brightness, and opacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Abstract: Excessive water consumption in pulp and paper industry results in high amount of wastewater. Pollutant characteristics of the wastewater vary depending on the processes used in production and the quality of paper produced. However, in general, high organic material and suspended solid contents are considered as major pollutants of pulp and paper industry effluents. The major pollutant characteristics of pulp and paper industry effluents in Turkey were surveyed and means of major pollutant concentrations, which were grouped in three different pollution grades (low, moderate and high strength effluents), and flow rates within 3000 to 10,000m3/day range with 1000m3/day steps were used as design parameters. Ninety-six treatment plants were designed using twelve flow schemes which were combinations of physical treatment, chemical treatment, aerobic and anaerobic biological processes. Detailed comparative cost analysis which includes investment, operation, maintenance and rehabilitation costs was prepared to determine optimum treatment processes for each pollution grade. The most economic and technically optimal treatment processes were found as extended aeration activated sludge process for low strength effluents, extended aeration activated sludge process or UASB followed by an aeration basin for medium strength effluents, and UASB followed by an aeration basin or UASB followed by the conventional activated sludge process for high strength effluents. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Focuses on the impact of machine closure on the additives and the quality of the paper. Reduction on the overall mill energy costs per unit of production; Increase on the level of dissolved solids; Recognition on the need to conserve water.

We as a DOOH company have developed a customized LED module which needs less resources thus lowering complexity and raising flexibility in various DOOH projects. This specific LED module saves power, require fewer spare parts and reduces logistic which results in lower overall costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hitting the performance, cost and yield targets for microLED displays that can be used in augmented reality headsets poses formidable challenges. Here we discuss some of those issues and report on the progress of MICLEDI 300mm manufacturing platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]