5,080 results
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2. Optimal location and sizing of various DG units in real distribution substation using heuristic approach
- Author
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M.L., Merlin Sajini, S., Suja, and S., Merlin Gilbert Raj
- Published
- 2023
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3. Impact of distributed generation on the protection systems of distribution networks: analysis and remedies – review paper.
- Author
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Meskin, Matin, Domijan, Alexander, and Grinberg, Ilya
- Abstract
Power networks, especially distribution networks, have been undergoing substantial changes since the application of new technologies. Technology development in the early part of the 21st century has opened up new horizons for automated, efficient and reliable power grids. New technologies, while enhancing the capability of the electrical networks and providing opportunities and innovative solutions to the challenges of future networks, can also cause drawbacks that should be investigated and taken into account. Distributed generation (DG) is one of the new technologies that improves the operation of power grids. Despite tangible benefits that integration of DG units brings to electrical grids, their notable impacts on protection systems of power networks raise many challenges and concerns on how a fault should be detected and isolated in active distribution networks. Many attempts have been made to investigate the downside of the interconnection of DG units and methods to mitigate their impacts have been proposed. This study reviews the impact of DG integration on protection systems addressed in other research works and recapitulates suggested methods provided by scholars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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4. A Peer Reviewed Paper: The Risks of Homemade Biodiesel
- Author
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James Potter
- Subjects
Fault tree analysis ,Engineering ,Biodiesel ,Process (engineering) ,business.industry ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Environmental economics ,Hazard ,Biodiesel production ,Distributed generation ,Production (economics) ,Operations management ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business - Abstract
Due to diverse reasons, energy production will move from centralized facilities to distributed networks of community-scale or smaller, independent producers. If such on-site energy producers are guided by sound engineering principles and safe practices, there is nothing to fear about Distributed Generation (DG) of power, energy or fuel. However, moving the production facilities closer to residences—whenever such facilities are operated with substandard equipment by poorly trained people- could be quite dangerous. The worst case is an improvised facility operated by non-professional staff that uses toxic chemicals. Home-based biodiesel production fits this model. Thus this paper documents the biodiesel production process. The chemicals of concern are described. A “what if” exercise follows to understand the various risk exposures. A Preliminary Hazard List is developed. Finally, the risks of each potential challenge are quantified and assessed to determine severity and policy implications. Recomme...
- Published
- 2011
5. Improved multifunctional controller for power quality enhancement in grid integrated solar photovoltaic systems
- Author
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Chacko, Fossy Mary, George, Ginu Ann, M.V., Jayan, and A., Prince
- Published
- 2020
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6. Enhancing Autonomy Capability in Regional Power Grids: A Strategic Planning Approach with Multiple Autonomous Evaluation Indexes.
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Ma, Jie, Zhao, Tong, Hao, Yuanzhao, Qin, Wenwen, Yu, Haozheng, Du, Mingxuan, Liu, Yuanhong, Zhang, Liang, Mu, Shixia, Li, Cuiping, and Li, Junhui
- Subjects
GRID energy storage ,ELECTRIC power distribution grids ,POWER resources ,AUTONOMY (Economics) ,DISTRIBUTED power generation - Abstract
After the integration of large-scale Distributed Generation (DG) into the distribution network, the randomness and volatility of its output result in a reduction of spatiotemporal alignment between power generation and demand in the distribution network, exacerbating the phenomenon of wind and solar power wastage. As a novel power system model, the fundamental concept of Regional Autonomous Power Grids (RAPGs) is to achieve localized management and energy autonomy, thereby facilitating the effective consumption of DGs. Therefore, this paper proposes a distributed resource planning strategy that enhances the autonomy capabilities of regional power grids by considering multiple evaluation indexes for autonomy. First, a regional Energy Storage (ES) configuration strategy is proposed. This strategy can select a suitable reference value for the upper limit of ES configuration based on the regional load and DG output to maximize the elimination of source load deviations in the region as the upper limit constraint of ES capacity. Then, a control strategy for regional ES is proposed, the charging and discharging reference line of ES is set, and multiple autonomy and economic indexes are used as objective functions to select different proportions of ES to control the distributed resources of the regional power grid and establish evaluation indexes of the internal regional generation and load power ratio, the proportion of power supply matching hours, new energy consumption rate and tie line power imbalance outside the region to evaluate changes in the regional autonomy capabilities. The final simulation results show that in the real regional grid example, the planning method in the planning year in the region of the overall power supply matching hour ratio and new energy consumption rate increased by 3.9% and 4.8% on average, and the power imbalance of the tie line decreased by 7.8% on average. The proposed planning approach enables the maximization of regional autonomy while effectively smoothing the fluctuation of power exchange between the regional grid and the higher-level grid. This presents a rational and effective planning solution for the regional grid, facilitating the coordinated development between the region and the distribution network. Graphic Abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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7. A Quantitative Evaluation Method Based on Single-Ended Information Protection Adaptability Considering Distributed Generator Access.
- Author
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Liang, Weichen, Zhao, Yiwei, Li, Xuan, Luo, Guomin, Zong, Jin, Wu, Mengyu, and Liu, Bo
- Abstract
A high proportion of distributed generators (DGs) connected to the distribution network causes a significant change in the normal and fault currents of the system as well as in the linearization of the characteristics. It is difficult to adapt to conventional protection. This paper theoretically analyzes the possible impact of fault current characteristics on traditional protection based on single-ended informativeness after connecting to DGs. From the perspective of protection action, the evaluation index system of DG protection is established by considering the maximum short-circuit current output from DG. Combined with the relay protection requirements, the calculation method of evaluation indexes is given concerning the protection characteristics and expert experience. An analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and a CRITIC combination assignment method based on the principle of minimum information identification are proposed. The scores of different types of protection before and after DG access are calculated using the proposed methodology employing a typical distribution network example. The proposed method can quantitatively obtain the distribution network protection adaptability boundary. In the actual calculation example selected in this paper, a DG can reasonably improve the adaptability of the three-stage current protection when it increases the current amplitude at a penetration rate of 50%; the DG needs to adjust the three-stage current protection rectification value when it decreases the current amplitude at a penetration rate of 20%; and adaptive overcurrent protection and inverse time limit current protection need to be adjusted when the penetration rate of DG is 50%. Compared with the traditional protection evaluation method, the method adopted in this paper can intuitively derive the weak link between protection handling faults after DG access as well as the appropriate capacity of DG to improve protection performance. It can provide a powerful reference for the optimization of protection schemes after the high percentage of DG access. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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8. Mitigation of voltage imbalance in power distribution system using MPC‐controlled packed‐U‐cells converter.
- Author
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Ahmed, Ibrahim, Al‐Emadi, Nasser, Gastli, Adel, and Ben‐Brahim, Lazhar
- Subjects
ELECTRIC potential ,CONVERTERS (Electronics) ,HARDWARE-in-the-loop simulation ,POWER electronics ,ELECTRONIC paper ,PULSE width modulation transformers ,AC DC transformers - Abstract
Delivering high power quality in single‐phase distribution has witnessed more challenges especially with the increased penetration of single‐phase distributed generation (DG). This paper proposes a smart solid‐state‐based transformer, which aims to replace traditional ones, for single‐phase distribution laterals, and provide load balancing and protection to the three‐phase main feeders, that is based on connecting the single‐phase lateral to the three‐phase main feeder through a power electronics converter. This converter transfers balanced power from and to the three‐phase feeder while automatically regulating the lateral single‐phase voltage, hence, assuring high power quality without requiring any transformer on‐load tap changer. A 7‐level packed‐U‐cells (PUC) single‐phase inverter topology was used to deliver single‐phase regulated sinusoidal voltage to the AC loads, and at the same time, it is able to deliver DC power to DC loads. The simulation and hardware‐in‐the‐loop (HIL) results have shown that the proposed topology delivers high power quality for both AC and DC loads under different operating scenarios. Moreover, the converter can play the role of a solid‐state protection device coordinated with other up‐ and downstream protective devices. Finally, this system can be integrated within the smart grid allowing more flexibility for automation and efficient control of the grid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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9. Plant propagation algorithm for integration of distributed generation in power systems
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Mahajan, Shreya and Vadhera, Shelly
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- 2018
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10. Design and control of grid connected inverter for harmonic suppression
- Author
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Fei, Congliang, Xiahou, Pengfei, and Wang, Fujun
- Published
- 2020
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11. Three-Phase Primary Control for Unbalance Sharing between Distributed Generation Units in a Microgrid.
- Author
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Vandoorn, Tine L., De Kooning, Jeroen D. M., Van de Vyver, Jan, and Vandevelde, Lieven
- Subjects
- *
ELECTRICAL load , *PAPER , *ELECTRIC potential , *CONFIGURATIONS (Geometry) , *ELECTRIC currents - Abstract
For islanded microgrids, droop-based control concepts have been developed both in single and three-phase variants. The three-phase controllers often assume a balanced network; hence, unbalance sharing and/or mitigation remains a challenging issue. Therefore, in this paper, unbalance is considered in a three-phase islanded microgrid in which the distributed generation (DG) units are operated by the voltage-based droop (VBD) control. For this purpose, the VBD control, which has been developed for single-phase systems, is extended for a three-phase application and an additional control loop is added for unbalance mitigation and sharing. The method is based on an unbalance mitigation scheme by DG units in grid-connected systems, which is altered for usage in grid-forming DG units with droop control. The reaction of the DG units to unbalance is determined by the main parameter of the additional control loop, viz., the distortion damping resistance, Rd. The effect of Rd on the unbalance mitigation is studied in this paper, i.e., dependent on Rd, the DG units can be resistive for unbalance (RU) or they can contribute in the weakest phase (CW). The paper shows that the RU method decreases the line losses in the system and achieves better power equalization between the DG unit's phases. However, it leads to a larger voltage unbalance near the loads. The CW method leads to a more uneven power between the DG unit's phases and larger line losses, but a better voltage quality near the load. However, it can negatively affect the stability of the system. In microgrids with multiple DG units, the distortion damping resistance is set such that the unbalanced load can be shared between multiple DG units in an actively controlled manner rather than being determined by the microgrid configuration solely. The unit with the lowest distortion damping resistance provides relatively more of the unbalanced currents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
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12. Application of Artificial Neural Networks to Islanding Detection in Distribution Grids: A Literature Review.
- Author
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Kaluđer, Slaven, Fekete, Krešimir, Čvek, Kristijan, and Klaić, Zvonimir
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LITERATURE reviews ,MACHINE learning ,ARTIFICIAL neural networks ,COMPUTATIONAL intelligence ,DISTRIBUTED power generation - Abstract
Active distribution grids that contain energy sources (so-called distributed generation or DG) are nowadays a reality. Besides the many benefits DGs bring to the distribution grid, some challenges are associated with their integration. Since there are DGs now in the distribution grid, the occurrence of islanding operation is possible. Since an islanding operation can be dangerous, it is necessary to have an effective method to detect it. In the last decade, scientists have made a great effort to develop and test various islanding detection methods (IDMs). Many approaches have been tested, and the methods based on computational intelligence (CI) have shown great potential. Among them, artificial neural networks (ANNs) gained most of the research attention. This paper focuses on ANN application for islanding detection. It gives an exhaustive review of the ANN types used for islanding detection, the types of input data, and their transformation to fit the ANNs. Furthermore, various applications based on specific input data, preprocessing types, different learning algorithms, real-time implementation, and various distribution models used for ANN are reviewed. This paper investigates the potential of ANNs to enhance islanding detection accuracy, reduce non-detection zone (NDZ), and contribute to an overall efficient detection method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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13. Electric vehicle controllers for sustainable energy management: recommendations and challenges.
- Author
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Gunjal, Mohini, Mathew, Lini, and Sudha Letha, Shimi
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CLEAN energy ,ENERGY storage ,BATTERY management systems ,WIRELESS power transmission ,ELECTRIC controllers - Abstract
The profitable commercialization and swift growth in electrified transportation requires load management controllers. Effective load management controllers can reduce the peak load on the power grid, balance the load demand and improve the stability of the power grid. Several techniques are available to optimize the load, including battery swapping, vehicle-to-grid (V2G), vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-home (V2H) approaches. This paper addresses effects of rising adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) and the potential for an increased load on the distribution system, which requires load optimization to ensure sustainable development. This paper offers a comprehensive review of all possible energy management controllers used in EVs for load optimization and power split controllers for splitting power between the battery and super-capacitor in hybrid energy storage systems (HESS) to increase battery life span. These controllers are classified into three categories, fuzzy logic controller, voltage-based controller and soft computing-based controller, with their constraints, advantages and disadvantages and finally sum up with their current challenges and future recommendation. The paper also reveals the wireless charging with their pros and cons. The findings have implications for the design and implementation of controllers for EVs to ensure their sustainable development and reduce fossil fuel usage. This study will be highly helpful to the researchers, industrialist and investors as a ready literature of energy management controllers for EVs, with information of their recommendations and challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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14. Optimal planning of solar and wind energy systems in electricity price‐driven distribution systems considering correlated uncertain variables.
- Author
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Jagtap, Kushal Manoharrao, Bhushan, Ravi, Kuppusamy, Ramya, Teekaraman, Yuvaraja, and Radhakrishnan, Arun
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PARTICLE swarm optimization ,POWER resources ,LATIN hypercube sampling ,ELECTRIC power distribution ,SOLAR energy - Abstract
The paper proposes a new stochastic multiobjective technoeconomic model for integrating photovoltaic (PV) and wind energy resources in electricity price (EP)‐driven distribution systems. The primary goal of this paper is to determine the optimal location and capacity for renewable energy‐based distributed generation, specifically PV and wind resources, while considering weather and system uncertainties. These uncertainties include stochastic variations in PV illumination intensity, wind speed, EP, and load fluctuations. To address these uncertainties, the paper employs scenario modeling techniques named as Latin hypercube sampling with Cholesky decomposition. This technique generates multiple correlated scenarios that represent uncertain variables. Subsequently, a scenario reduction technique is applied to identify the scenario with the highest probability. Later, a mathematical model is developed to minimize an objective function that encompasses various factors like system losses, node voltage deviations, the cost of purchasing power from the grid; and simultaneously maximize the total annual energy savings. The objective is to find optimal solutions that strike a balance between different objectives. To obtain an efficient optimum solution, this paper employs an effective meta‐heuristic technique named as JAYA algorithm. The results obtained by the JAYA algorithm are juxtaposed with those obtained using particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithm techniques. The proposed method is evaluated using Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 33‐node and IEEE 69‐node test feeders to validate its feasibility and effectiveness. However, the effectiveness of the proposed method is not limited to any size of test systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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15. Optimal Location and Sizing of Multi-Resource Distributed Generator Based on Multi-Objective Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm.
- Author
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Qiangfei Cao, Huilai Wang, Zijia Hui, and Lingyun Chen
- Subjects
BEES algorithm ,HONEYBEES ,LIFE cycle costing ,DISTRIBUTED algorithms ,EMISSIONS (Air pollution) ,WIND power ,HEURISTIC algorithms ,GAS turbines - Abstract
Distribution generation (DG) technology based on a variety of renewable energy technologies has developed rapidly. A large number of multi-type DG are connected to the distribution network (DN), resulting in a decline in the stability of DN operation. It is urgent to find a method that can effectively connect multi-energy DG to DN. photovoltaic (PV), wind power generation (WPG), fuel cell (FC), and micro gas turbine (MGT) are considered in this paper. A multi-objective optimization model was established based on the life cycle cost (LCC) of DG, voltage quality, voltage fluctuation, system network loss, power deviation of the tie-line, DG pollution emission index, and meteorological index weight of DN. Multi-objective artificial bee colony algorithm (MOABC) was used to determine the optimal location and capacity of the four kinds of DG access DN, and compared with the other three heuristic algorithms. Simulation tests based on IEEE 33 test node and IEEE 69 test node show that in IEEE 33 test node, the total voltage deviation, voltage fluctuation, and system network loss of DN decreased by 49.67%, 7.47% and 48.12%, respectively, compared with that without DG configuration. In the IEEE 69 test node, the total voltage deviation, voltage fluctuation and system network loss of DN in the MOABC configuration scheme decreased by 54.98%, 35.93% and 75.17%, respectively, compared with that without DG configuration, indicating that MOABC can reasonably plan the capacity and location of DG. Achieve the maximum trade-off between DG economy and DN operation stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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16. 考虑储能调控优化的配电网分布式电源选址定容.
- Author
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李童宇, \武浩然, 陈衡, 刘涛, and 李国亮
- Abstract
Copyright of Zhejiang Electric Power is the property of Zhejiang Electric Power Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2024
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17. Solar Irradiance Forecasting with Natural Language Processing of Cloud Observations and Interpretation of Results with Modified Shapley Additive Explanations.
- Author
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Matrenin, Pavel V., Gamaley, Valeriy V., Khalyasmaa, Alexandra I., and Stepanova, Alina I.
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NATURAL language processing ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,SOLAR power plants ,PHOTOVOLTAIC power systems ,SURFACE of the earth ,SOLAR technology ,FORECASTING ,MACHINE learning - Abstract
Forecasting the generation of solar power plants (SPPs) requires taking into account meteorological parameters that influence the difference between the solar irradiance at the top of the atmosphere calculated with high accuracy and the solar irradiance at the tilted plane of the solar panel on the Earth's surface. One of the key factors is cloudiness, which can be presented not only as a percentage of the sky area covered by clouds but also many additional parameters, such as the type of clouds, the distribution of clouds across atmospheric layers, and their height. The use of machine learning algorithms to forecast the generation of solar power plants requires retrospective data over a long period and formalising the features; however, retrospective data with detailed information about cloudiness are normally recorded in the natural language format. This paper proposes an algorithm for processing such records to convert them into a binary feature vector. Experiments conducted on data from a real solar power plant showed that this algorithm increases the accuracy of short-term solar irradiance forecasts by 5–15%, depending on the quality metric used. At the same time, adding features makes the model less transparent to the user, which is a significant drawback from the point of view of explainable artificial intelligence. Therefore, the paper uses an additive explanation algorithm based on the Shapley vector to interpret the model's output. It is shown that this approach allows the machine learning model to explain why it generates a particular forecast, which will provide a greater level of trust in intelligent information systems in the power industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. The current state of research on energy communities.
- Author
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Gruber, Lia, Bachhiesl, Udo, and Wogrin, Sonja
- Abstract
Copyright of e & i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. State of the Art Monte Carlo Method Applied to Power System Analysis with Distributed Generation.
- Author
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Abud, Tiago P., Augusto, Andre A., Fortes, Marcio Z., Maciel, Renan S., and Borba, Bruno S. M. C.
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MONTE Carlo method ,DISTRIBUTED power generation ,ELECTRIC power systems ,ELECTRIC charge ,STOCHASTIC analysis ,ELECTRIC networks ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations - Abstract
Traditionally, electric power systems are subject to uncertainties related to equipment availability, topological changes, faults, disturbances, behaviour of load, etc. In particular, the dissemination of distributed generation (DG), especially those based on renewable sources, has introduced new challenges to power systems, adding further randomness to the management of this segment. In this context, stochastic analysis could support planners and operators in a more appropriate manner than traditional deterministic analysis, since the former is able to properly model the power system uncertainties. The objective of this work is to present recent achievements of one of the most important techniques for stochastic analysis, the Monte Carlo Method (MCM), to study the technical and operational aspects of electric networks with DG. Besides covering the DG topic itself, this paper also addresses emerging themes related to smart grids and new technologies, such as electric vehicles, storage, demand response, and electrothermal hybrid systems. This review encompasses more than 90 recent articles, arranged according to the MCM application and the type of analysis of power systems. The majority of the papers reviewed apply the MCM within stochastic optimization, indicating a possible trend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Mapping of optimum placement of distributed generation in meshed power networks with appropriate technologies
- Author
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Warid, Warid Sayel, Hizam, Hashim, Mariun, Norman, and Abdul-Wahab, Noor Izzri
- Published
- 2016
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21. Analytical distributed PV inverter reactive power support strategy for reduction of grid losses and voltage deviations
- Author
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Filho, Gilberto Lopes, Corrêa, Henrique Pires, and Vieira, Flávio Henrique Teles
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Hardware in loop quasi-static simulations dedicated to evaluation of on-load tap changer distribution voltage regulators
- Author
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Palma, Marcelle Alves Bezerra, da Rocha Alves Junior, José Eduardo, and Taranto, Glauco Nery
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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23. A review on peak shaving techniques for smart grids.
- Author
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Rizvi, Syed Sabir Hussain, Chaturvedi, Krishna Teerth, and Kolhe, Mohan Lal
- Subjects
BATTERY storage plants ,ELECTRIC vehicle batteries ,SHAVING ,RENEWABLE energy sources ,ENERGY storage ,ELECTRIC utilities ,HYBRID electric vehicles - Abstract
Peak shaving techniques have become increasingly important for managing peak demand and improving the reliability, efficiency, and resilience of modern power systems. In this review paper, we examine different peak shaving strategies for smart grids, including battery energy storage systems, nuclear and battery storage power plants, hybrid energy storage systems, photovoltaic system installations, the real-time scheduling of household appliances, repurposed electric vehicle batteries, uni- and bi-directional electric vehicle charging, the demand response, the time-of-use pricing, load shedding systems, distributed generation systems and energy-efficient management. We analyze the potential of each strategy to reduce peak demand and shift energy consumption to off-peak hours, as well as identify the key themes critical to the success of peak shaving for smart grids, including effective coordination and communication, data analytics and predictive modeling and clear policy and regulatory frameworks. Our review highlights the diverse range of innovative technologies and techniques available to utilities and power system operators and it emphasizes the need for continued research and development in emerging areas such as blockchain technology and artificial intelligence. Overall, the implementation of peak shaving strategies represents a significant step toward a more sustainable, reliable and efficient power system. By leveraging the latest technologies and techniques available, utilities and power system operators can better manage peak demand, integrate renewable energy sources, and create a more reliable and secure grid for the future. By discussing cutting-edge technologies and methods to effectively manage peak demand and incorporate renewable energy sources, this review paper emphasizes the significance of peak shaving strategies for smart grids as a crucial pathway towards realizing a more sustainable, dependable and efficient power system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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24. Energy Management Strategy for DC Micro-Grid System with the Important Penetration of Renewable Energy.
- Author
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Ndeke, Christian Bipongo, Adonis, Marco, and Almaktoof, Ali
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RENEWABLE energy sources ,GREENHOUSE gas mitigation ,MICROGRIDS ,ENERGY management ,GREENHOUSE gases ,CLEAN energy - Abstract
This paper presents an energy management strategy using a Stateflow controller related to DC microgrids with the important penetration of renewable energy. The increase in world electricity demand is one of the principal drivers of the exhaustion of fossil fuels and increased greenhouse gas emissions. To solve these problems, several countries have adopted actions for widespread renewable energy deployment, which includes wind energy, solar power, biomass power, tidal, and hydropower. These sources are considered as significant in delivering clean energy and reducing greenhouse gas emissions for sustainable improvement. As these sources play an increasingly vital role in the global energy landscape, the efficient management of these intermittent sources is essential for grid stability and sustainability. This paper aimed to develop an energy management strategy for DC microgrids to supply power to a DC microgrid system. The main objective of this paper was to implement an energy management system to ensure the proper operation of DC microgrid systems utilizing Simulink blocks available in MATLAB/Simulink 2020b software. The simulation results demonstrated that the developed energy management algorithm was unconditionally reliable, ensuring the proper operation of the microgrid systems. Additionally, the results demonstrated that the energy management strategy exhibited robust performance across different scenarios, effectively balancing energy generation and consumption while ensuring the reliable operation of the microgrid system. Moreover, the developed algorithm model presents another advantage, as it enables users to access and to change any control parameters within the DC microgrid. By comparing these results with the literature, the developed energy management algorithm provides safety and the automatic control of the microgrid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. A resilient self‐healing approach for active distribution networks considering dynamic microgrid formation.
- Author
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Zhao, Ruifeng, Tan, Yonggui, Lu, Jiangang, Guo, Wenxin, and Du, Hongwei
- Subjects
MICROGRIDS ,DISTRIBUTED power generation ,CLEAN energy ,ELECTRONICS engineers - Abstract
A large number of renewable distributed generation (DG) systems connect to the distribution network, affecting the structure of the traditional distribution network and forming an active distribution network (ADN). Although the accelerating grid penetration of DGs brings significant challenges to the distribution network operation, the islanded operation capability of DGs provides a flexible solution to the self‐healing of ADNs from faults. To ensure that ADN can quickly recover and reconfigure in the event of a fault and continue to maintain safe, economical, and reliable operation, this paper proposes a dynamic microgrid formation method for ADNs combined with the dynamic network reconfiguration and intentional islanding operation of DGs. An optimization model is designed to represent the proposed self‐healing method, maximizing the load restoration and minimizing the DG cost, line network loss, and voltage excursion simultaneously. A binary hybrid optimization solver is applied to pursue the optimal self‐healing schedules from the optimization model. The self‐healing method is evaluated on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 33‐node system and the IEEE 123‐node system, which indicate its rationality and effectiveness fully verified. By optimizing the on and off states of the normally open switches and the on‐grid and off‐grid operation states of DGs, ADNs not only get healed with minimum load curtailment, but also achieve minimal DG generation cost, network loss, and node voltage deviation. In addition, compared with traditional solvers, the proposed solver has a slightly higher computational time than the corresponding solver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Contribution of negative-sequence controlled distributed generation to power system stability under unbalanced faults: A discussion paper.
- Author
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Boemer, Jens C., Rawn, Barry G., Gibescu, Madeleine, Coster, Edward, van der Meijden, Mart A.M.M., and Kling, Wil L.
- Abstract
The transformation of the power system in terms of efficiency and sustainability will further lead to increasing converter-coupled generation and demand. This changes the system's characteristics and influences its stability. Despite these fundamental changes, the secure operation of the power system must be maintained at all times. DG and any converter-coupled generation of relevant size are requested to stay connected to keep power equilibrium and to support the voltage during faults. The balanced fast voltage control currently applied for all types of faults could be improved by an unbalanced injection of short-circuit current among the three phases depending on the fault. A technical solution is an active control of the negative-sequence during unbalanced faults. However, introducing a general requirement, e.g. in grid codes, for this new feature must be well justified. This paper is intended to start a structured discussion of unbalanced fast voltage control by converter-coupled generation for unbalanced faults from a system perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2012
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- View/download PDF
27. Machine learning-based energy management and power forecasting in grid-connected microgrids with multiple distributed energy sources.
- Author
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R. Singh, Arvind, Kumar, R. Seshu, Bajaj, Mohit, Khadse, Chetan B., and Zaitsev, Ievgen
- Subjects
MICROGRIDS ,ENERGY management ,RENEWABLE energy sources ,MACHINE learning ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,ENERGY development ,ENERGY infrastructure - Abstract
The growing integration of renewable energy sources into grid-connected microgrids has created new challenges in power generation forecasting and energy management. This paper explores the use of advanced machine learning algorithms, specifically Support Vector Regression (SVR), to enhance the efficiency and reliability of these systems. The proposed SVR algorithm leverages comprehensive historical energy production data, detailed weather patterns, and dynamic grid conditions to accurately forecast power generation. Our model demonstrated significantly lower error metrics compared to traditional linear regression models, achieving a Mean Squared Error of 2.002 for solar PV and 3.059 for wind power forecasting. The Mean Absolute Error was reduced to 0.547 for solar PV and 0.825 for wind scenarios, and the Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) was 1.415 for solar PV and 1.749 for wind power, showcasing the model's superior accuracy. Enhanced predictive accuracy directly contributes to optimized resource allocation, enabling more precise control of energy generation schedules and reducing the reliance on external power sources. The application of our SVR model resulted in an 8.4% reduction in overall operating costs, highlighting its effectiveness in improving energy management efficiency. Furthermore, the system's ability to predict fluctuations in energy output allowed for adaptive real-time energy management, reducing grid stress and enhancing system stability. This approach led to a 10% improvement in the balance between supply and demand, a 15% reduction in peak load demand, and a 12% increase in the utilization of renewable energy sources. Our approach enhances grid stability by better balancing supply and demand, mitigating the variability and intermittency of renewable energy sources. These advancements promote a more sustainable integration of renewable energy into the microgrid, contributing to a cleaner, more resilient, and efficient energy infrastructure. The findings of this research provide valuable insights into the development of intelligent energy systems capable of adapting to changing conditions, paving the way for future innovations in energy management. Additionally, this work underscores the potential of machine learning to revolutionize energy management practices by providing more accurate, reliable, and cost-effective solutions for integrating renewable energy into existing grid infrastructures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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28. Enhancing Renewable Energy Integration in Developing Countries: A Policy-Oriented Analysis of Net Metering in Pakistan Amid Economic Challenges.
- Author
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Khan, Noor Saleem, Kazmi, Syed Ali Abbas, Anwar, Mustafa, Mughal, Saqib Ur Rehman, Ullah, Kafait, Rathi, Mahesh Kumar, and Salal, Ahmad
- Abstract
Net metering (NM) is among the potent regulatory tools used globally for supporting distributed generation and renewable energy sources. This paper examines the trajectory of NM in a developing country such as Pakistan, analyzing the impact of regulatory changes, confidence-building strategies, hindering factors, and technical/financial issues. The three-stage methodology involves three components, namely techno-economic analysis, stakeholder engagement surveys, and impact analysis of financing mechanisms. This study emphasizes the importance of clear regulatory and financial frameworks, grid upgrades, and public–private partnerships for technology distribution in the context of a developing country with weak grid utilities and an import–export energy ratio. It also explores the role of financial incentives, such as tax breaks and subsidies, to encourage investment in NM systems from the perspective of lucrative rates, impact on paybacks, and return on investments, and proposes concrete solutions to enhance financial inclusion for ambitious renewable energy goals. Until April 2023, over 56,000 NM/distributed generation facilities were commissioned, with an installed capacity of 950 MW. By May 2024, the number of NM consumers reached ~100,000, with a 1950 MW capacity, nearly doubling. However, the import and export ratio of IESCO changed most, with 61% exports and 39% imports, directly impacting the revenue stream. A total of 60% of banks have adopted actions linked with green banking criteria, aiming to limit their environmental impact. The change in tariff will result in reduced ROI for NM consumers to 20%, and increase the payback period from less than 4 years to 13 years. Government subsidies, tax breaks, and green financing frameworks are proposed to encourage investment, but have been abruptly halted, and were previously at a 6% interest rate. This research aims to provide insights into effective market evaluation methodologies for NM programs and offer policy recommendations to strengthen legislative and institutional frameworks governing NM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Fast Islanding Detection of Nested Grids Including Multiple Resources Based on Phase Criteria.
- Author
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Zamani, Reza, Moghaddam, Mohsen Parsa, Panahi, Habib, and Sanaye-Pasand, Majid
- Abstract
Smart grid enables integration of distributed generations (DGs) to contribute to support the network. In the islanding condition, a section of the system and at least one DG become separated from the main grid and can continue to operate autonomously. This paper proposes a passive islanding detection algorithm using just the DG power factor angle to extract an indicator for islanding detection with a negligible non-detection zone (NDZ). The proposed algorithm guarantees reliable detection of islanding condition even where the system is composed of multiple DGs including different types. In this paper, islanding and non-islanding events are discriminated using the proposed algorithm even in a nested microgrid which is operated autonomously. Moreover, the proposed algorithm provides secure detection in the noisy condition. Also, the proposed algorithm allows reaching the frequency and voltage ride-through requirements quickly by correctly discriminating grid-connected disturbances from islanding condition. The performance of the proposed algorithm is validated by performing extensive simulations and scenarios in different test systems. The results of the IEEE 34 bus test system have been presented in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. A Simulated-Annealing-Quasi-Oppositional-Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization Algorithm for Distributed Generation Allocation.
- Author
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Taheri, Seyed Iman, Davoodi, Mohammadreza, and Ali, Mohd. Hasan
- Subjects
OPTIMIZATION algorithms ,DISTRIBUTED power generation ,DISTRIBUTED algorithms ,GREENHOUSE gases ,PARTICLE swarm optimization - Abstract
Conventional evolutionary optimization techniques often struggle with finding global optima, getting stuck in local optima instead, and can be sensitive to initial conditions and parameter settings. Efficient Distributed Generation (DG) allocation in distribution systems hinges on streamlined optimization algorithms that handle complex energy operations, support real-time decisions, adapt to dynamics, and improve system performance, considering cost and power quality. This paper proposes the Simulated-Annealing-Quasi-Oppositional-Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization Algorithm to efficiently allocate DGs within a distribution test system. The study focuses on wind turbines, photovoltaic units, and fuel cells as prominent DG due to their growing usage trends. The optimization goals include minimizing voltage losses, reducing costs, and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions in the distribution system. The proposed algorithm is implemented and evaluated on the IEEE 70-bus test system, with a comparative analysis conducted against other evolutionary methods such as Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Honey Bee Mating Optimization (HBMO), and Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO) algorithms. Results indicate that the proposed algorithm is effective in allocating the DGs. Statistical testing confirms significant results (probability < 0.1), indicating superior optimization capabilities for this specific problem. Crucially, the proposed algorithm excels in both accuracy and computational speed compared to other methods studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Distribution Network Reconfiguration Using Chaotic Particle Swarm Chicken Swarm Fusion Optimization Algorithm.
- Author
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Wu, Yanmin, Liu, Jiaqi, Wang, Lu, An, Yanjun, and Zhang, Xiaofeng
- Subjects
OPTIMIZATION algorithms ,PARTICLE swarm optimization ,POWER resources ,ELECTRICAL load ,DISTRIBUTED power generation - Abstract
Aiming at the problems of traditional optimization algorithms for reconfiguring distribution networks, which easily fall into a local optimum, have difficulty finding a global optimum, and suffer from low computational efficiency, the proposed algorithm named Chaotic Particle Swarm Chicken Swarm Fusion Optimization (CPSCSFO) is used to optimize the reconfiguration of the distribution network with distributed generation (DG). This article works to solve the problems mentioned above from the following three aspects: Firstly, chaotic formula is used to improve the initialization of the particles and optimize the optimal position. This increases individual randomness while avoiding local optimality for inert particles. Secondly, chicken swarm optimization (CSO) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) are combined. The multi-population nature of the CSO algorithm is used to increase the global search capability, and, at the same time, the information exchange between groups is completed to extend the particle search range, which ensures the independence and excellence of each particle group. Thirdly, the node hierarchy method is introduced to calculate the power flow. The branching loop matrix and the node hierarchy strategy are used to detect the network topology. In this way, improper solutions can be reduced, and the efficiency of the algorithm can be improved. This paper has demonstrated better performance by CPSCSFO based on simulation results. The network loss has been reduced and the voltage level of each node in the optimal reconfiguration with distributed power supply has been improved; the network loss in the optimal reconfiguration with DG is 69.59% lower than that reconfiguration before. The voltage level of each node is increased, the minimum node voltage is increased by 3.44% and a better convergence speed is presented. As a result, the quality of network operation and the distribution network is greatly improved and provides guidance for building a safer, more economical and reliable distribution network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
32. An Effective Non-Square Matrix Converter Based Approach for Active Power Control of Multiple DGs in Microgrids: Experimental Implementation.
- Author
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Sadooghi, Ramin, Niknam, Taher, Sheikh, Morteza, Askarpour, Mohammad, Roustaei, Mahmoud, Chabok, Alireza, and Aghaei, Jamshid
- Subjects
MATRIX converters ,REACTIVE power ,DISTRIBUTED power generation ,MICROGRIDS ,CASCADE converters - Abstract
In this paper, a new modulation strategy based on the carrier-based switching strategy for the non-square direct matrix converters (MC) is proposed to control the active power of distributed generation (DG) units. In this strategy, the active power of DGs is controlled by the central input current control of the non-square direct MC independent from the voltage and frequency. Conventionally, each DG has a converter, and for supplying a load with N number of DGs, N number of converters are needed and each converter has its own modulation switching and control strategy to control the power output of each DG. Needless to say, in a microgrid with N number of DGs, the control strategy of each converter has more complex structure than that of a microgrid with one converter, and surely the former strategy entails more volume and price. Using the proposed converter in this paper, it is possible to supply a load with N number of DGs through one converter. Also, the power outputs of all DGs are controlled by a central control strategy. The proposed central control strategy is described and simulated for a typical microgrid. Experimental and simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed converter and the proposed strategy. The results demonstrate the applicability and efficiency of the system and verify the theoretical analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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33. A Robust Asynchrophasor in PMU Using Second-Order Kalman Filter.
- Author
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Alqahtani, Nayef and Alqahtani, Ali
- Subjects
KALMAN filtering ,PHASOR measurement ,GLOBAL Positioning System ,OPERATING costs ,ELECTRIC power distribution grids - Abstract
Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) provide Global Positioning System (GPS) time-stamped synchronized measurements of voltage and current with the phase angle of the system at certain points along with the grid system. Those synchronized data measurements are extracted in the form of amplitude and phase from various locations of the power grid to monitor and control the power system condition. A PMU device is a crucial part of the power equipment in terms of the cost and operative point of view. However, such ongoing development and improvement to PMUs' principal work are essential to the network operators to enhance the grid quality and the operating expenses. This paper introduces a proposed method that led to lowcost and less complex techniques to optimize the performance of PMU using Second-Order Kalman Filter. It is based on the Asyncrhophasor technique resulting in a phase error minimization when receiving the signal from an access point or from the main access point. The MATLAB model has been created to implement the proposed method in the presence of Gaussian and non-Gaussian. The results have shown the proposed method which is Second-Order Kalman Filter outperforms the existing model. The results were tested usingMean Square Error (MSE). The proposed Second-Order Kalman Filter method has been replaced with a synchronization unit into thePMUstructure to clarify the significance of the proposed new PMU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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34. Modeling and Simulation of Distribution Networks with High Renewable Penetration in Open-Source Software: QGIS and OpenDSS.
- Author
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De-Jesús-Grullón, Ramón E., Batista Jorge, Rafael Omar, Espinal Serrata, Abraham, Bueno Díaz, Justin Eladio, Pichardo Estévez, Juan José, and Guerrero-Rodríguez, Nestor Francisco
- Subjects
DISTRIBUTED power generation ,GEOGRAPHIC information systems ,ELECTRIC circuits ,POWER resources ,RENEWABLE energy sources - Abstract
There are important challenges in modeling large electrical distribution circuits, especially with the presence of distributed renewable generation. Constructing simulations to assess the effect of the penetration of distributed generation on electrical distribution networks has become of great importance for Distribution Network Operators (DNOs). This paper proposes a simulation strategy based on open-source platforms and the integration of scripting tools for the rapid modeling of large-scale electrical distribution circuits with distributed renewable generation. The implementation is based on the adaptation of a tool called QGIS2OpenDSS, which creates OpenDSS distribution network models directly from an open-source geographic information system, QGIS. The plugin's capabilities are demonstrated using a real distribution feeder with more than 60% penetration of renewable generation based on photovoltaic systems. These simulations are carried out using real data from a circuit provided by a DNO in the Dominican Republic, which is used to demonstrate how this approach provides a more accessible and flexible way to simulate and assess the effect of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) in medium voltage (MV) and low voltage (LV) networks, enabling utilities to evaluate system performance and identify potential issues. The integration of this open-source tool within the DNO software stack enables users to apply it according to specific project needs, enhancing their capability to analyze and manage high DER penetration levels, aiding in better planning, operation, and decision-making processes related to renewable energy projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
35. Fault-Tolerant Multiport Converter for Hybrid Distribution Systems: Configuration, Control Principles and Fault Analysis.
- Author
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Negri, Simone, Ubezio, Giovanni, and Faranda, Roberto Sebastiano
- Subjects
AC DC transformers ,RENEWABLE energy sources ,MODULAR construction ,SLIDING mode control ,ENERGY storage - Abstract
Multiport converters (MCs) are widely adopted in many applications, from renewable energy sources and storage integration to automotive applications and distribution systems. They are used in order to interface different energy sources, storage devices and loads with one single, simple converter topology in contrast to the traditional approach, which can require different solutions made by two-port converters. MCs allow for a reduction in the number of components and cascaded conversion stages with respect to an equivalent system of two-port converters, resulting in reduced complexity, dimensions and costs, as well as in improved reliability and enhanced efficiency. Nevertheless, some aspects related to the design of MCs are still worth further discussion when MCs are applied to hybrid AC/DC distribution systems. First, most converters are developed for one specific application and are not modular in structure. Furthermore, many of the proposed solutions are not equally suitable for AC and DC applications and they can introduce significant issues in hybrid distribution systems, with earthing management being particularly critical. Even though most available solutions offer satisfying steady-state and dynamic performances, fault behavior is often not considered and the possibility of maintaining controllability during faults is overlooked. Building on these three aspects, in this paper, a new MC for hybrid distribution systems is presented. An innovative circuit topology integrating three-phase AC ports and three-wire DC ports and characterized by a unique connection between the AC neutral wire and the DC midpoint neutral wire is presented. Its control principles and properties during external faults are highlighted, and extensive numerical simulations support the presented discussion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. New Upgrade to Improve Operation of Conventional Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems.
- Author
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Cáceres, Manuel, González Mayans, Alexis Raúl, Firman, Andrés, Vera, Luis, and de la Casa Higueras, Juan
- Subjects
PHOTOVOLTAIC power systems ,CONSTANT current sources ,DISTRIBUTED power generation ,SOLAR oscillations ,CASCADE converters ,MAXIMUM power point trackers - Abstract
The incorporation of distributed generation with photovoltaic systems entails a drawback associated with intermittency in the generation capacity due to variations in the solar resource. In general, this aspect limits the level of penetration that this resource can have without producing an appreciable impact on the quality of the electrical supply. With the intention of reducing its intermittency, this paper presents the characterization of a methodology for maximizing grid-connected PV system operation under low-solar-radiation conditions. A new concept of a hybrid system based on a constant current source and capable of integrating different sources into a conventional grid-connected PV system is presented. Results of an experimental characterization of a low-voltage grid–PV system connection with a DC/DC converter for constant-current source application are shown in zero and non-zero radiation conditions. The results obtained demonstrate that the proposed integration method works efficiently without causing appreciable effects on the parameters that define the quality of the electrical supply. In this way, it is possible to efficiently incorporate another source of energy, taking advantage of the characteristics of the GCPVS without further interventions in the system. It is expected that this topology could help to integrate other generation and/or storage technologies into already existing PV systems, opening a wide field of research in the PV systems area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Steady‐state operating points of islanded virtual synchronous machine microgrid.
- Author
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Kamilu, Sanusi Alabi and Beck, Hans‐Peter
- Subjects
VIRTUAL machine systems ,MICROGRIDS ,LOW voltage systems ,TIME-domain analysis ,FREQUENCY stability ,ITERATIVE learning control - Abstract
Before starting stability analysis of the multivirtual synchronous machine (n‐VISMA) power system, it is necessary to obtain the steady‐state operating points (SSOPs) of all dynamic nodes in the network. Modified traditional iterative schemes using the concept of droop bus technique in an islanded microgrid are not feasible for load flow analysis of VISMA microgrid incorporating non‐control dynamics. This paper proposes closed‐form steady‐state, fundamental‐frequency models for islanded VISMA microgrids using the concept of virtual swing buses. In this technique, the virtual internal buses of all VISMAs in the network are governed by the swing equation. The voltage at all buses is variable except the virtual buses in which the pole wheel voltages are prespecified. The algorithm was extended by a droop control localized to each VISMA. The suitability of the proposed algorithm to obtaining SSOPs of VISMA was tested on IEEE‐9 bus system with VISMA replacing electromechanical synchronous machines and also on a low‐voltage distribution system. To validate the applicability of the proposed algorithm and prove its accuracy, the case study systems were also modeled in the SIMULINK environment for detailed time domain analysis. The algorithm was found to be computationally effective for a load flow analysis of the VISMA microgrid. The results also reveal that the addition of external droop control improves the frequency stability of the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Research Review on Multi-Port Energy Routers Adapted to Renewable Energy Access.
- Author
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Zhou, Jinghua and Wang, Jiangbo
- Subjects
LITERATURE reviews ,RENEWABLE energy sources ,POWER electronics ,ELECTRIC power distribution grids ,ENERGY development ,ELECTRIC vehicles ,ELECTRIC power distribution ,WIND power - Abstract
With the continuous development of renewable energy technologies, both domestically and internationally, the focus of energy research has gradually shifted towards renewable energy directions such as distributed photovoltaics and wind power. The penetration rate of renewable energy generation is constantly increasing, at the same time, the elements in the grid are becoming increasingly complex, and large-scale energy storage, as well as a variety of electricity loads such as electric vehicle charging piles and data centers are gradually appearing. Therefore, traditional distribution methods of the power grid are difficult to ensure the stable operation of the power system and cannot achieve efficient integration of renewable energy. Consequently, some scholars have proposed the concept of an energy internet. Compared to traditional power grids, the energy internet employs more comprehensive power electronics and communication technologies, enabling the interconnection of various new and traditional energy sources, and effectively integrating renewable energy. As the core device in the energy internet, the energy router plays a role in energy transformation and distribution, facilitating multi-information interconnection and multi-energy exchange within the energy internet. At the level of distribution network, the energy router can realize the efficient access of various forms of energy and the flexible control and management, which is of great significance for the optimal operation of distribution network. Against this backdrop, this paper reviews the development and current research status of energy routers, systematically analyzes the typical topologies and related control technologies of multi-port energy routers and summarizes and forecasts key issues and future development trends, aiming to provide thoughts and reference for subsequent related research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Passive Island Detection Method Based on Positive Sequence Components for Grid-Connected Solar–Wind Hybrid Distributed Generation System.
- Author
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Reddy, Ch. Rami, Sekhar, Obbu Chandra, Pangedaiah, B., Khan, Khalid A., and Khalid, Muhammad
- Subjects
DISTRIBUTED power generation ,PLUG-in hybrid electric vehicles ,ISLANDS - Abstract
This paper presents the development and practical implementation of a new passive island detection method for grid-connected hybrid distributed generating systems. The method employs positive sequence voltage and current components at the point of common coupling. The product of the difference in positive sequence voltage and the difference in positive sequence current is used to produce the Islanding Detection Index (IDI). Islanding is identified when the IDI magnitude surpasses a predefined threshold over a predefined delay time. Even in the case of a zero power mismatch condition, the proposed method can identify the islanding condition in under 70 msec. Its effectiveness is validated under various operating circumstances. It provides excellent stability against various non-islanding situations, avoiding unwanted tripping. The suggested method also has the advantages of being simple and inexpensive to implement, having no adverse effects on output power quality, not requiring a classifier, not being system-dependent, and working regardless of the quantity and type of distributed generation connected to the utility grid. The obtained detection timings were compared to those previously reported in the literature, confirming the proposed approach's superiority. The suggested work utilizes the OPAL-RT real-time hardware-in-loop environment and MATLAB/Simulink. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. АСПЕКТИ ІНТЕГРАЦІЇ ВІДНОВЛЮВАНОЇ РОЗПОДІЛЕНОЇ ГЕНЕРАЦІЇ В СИСТЕМУ ЕНЕРГОЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ УКРАЇНИ.
- Author
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Г. П., КОСТЕНКО, А. О., ЗАПОРОЖЕЦЬ, Н. В., ЗАПОРОЖЕЦЬ, and В. О., ВЕРПЕТА
- Subjects
ENERGY development ,RENEWABLE energy sources ,POWER resources ,ENERGY industries ,DISTRIBUTED power generation ,POWER purchase agreements ,HYDROELECTRIC power plants - Abstract
The paper examines the strategic and practical aspects of integrating renewable distributed generation into the energy supply system of Ukraine, which faces challenges related to increasing the reliability, safety, and efficiency of the energy system in the context of global decarbonization trends and military threats. The key role of distributed renewable energy generation in increasing the stability of the energy system and reducing dependence on centralized energy sources has been established. An analysis of world experience has been carried out, which emphasizes the economic benefit and increased flexibility in the management of energy resources due to the implementation of distributed generation. Examples of successful implementation of distributed renewable energy generation projects in different countries and analysis of the potential for the development of renewable energy sources in Ukraine, in particular, solar, wind and small hydropower, are given. The completed review allows to draw a conclusion about the need for an integrated approach to the development of distributed renewable energy generation. Special attention is paid to the study of technical, economic, legal and regulatory aspects that determine opportunities and limitations for attracting investments in distributed renewable energy. Emphasis is also placed on the need to develop and implement innovative management systems and the latest technological solutions that will allow maximum use of the potential of distributed generation to ensure reliable, safe and efficient operation of the power system. Aspects of integration of energy storage systems are taken into account, allowing to smooth out peak loads and ensure the stability of system operation. It was concluded that it is necessary to improve financial support mechanisms that stimulate the development of small producers of electricity from renewable energy sources. Particular attention is paid to the study of international experience and its adaptation to Ukrainian realities, which allows to take into account the specifics of the national energy market and maximizing the effectiveness of the introduction of the latest technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Electricity Markets in the Context of Distributed Energy Resources and Demand Response Programs: Main Developments and Challenges Based on a Systematic Literature Review.
- Author
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da Costa, Vinicius Braga Ferreira, de Doile, Gabriel Nasser Doyle, Troiano, Gustavo, Dias, Bruno Henriques, Bonatto, Benedito Donizeti, Soares, Tiago, and de Freitas Filho, Walmir
- Subjects
POWER resources ,ELECTRICITY markets ,ENERGY consumption ,ENERGY storage ,SMART power grids ,MICROGRIDS - Abstract
Distributed energy resources have been increasingly integrated into electrical grids. Consequently, electricity markets are expected to undergo changes and become more complex. However, while there are many scientific publications on the topic, a broader discussion is still necessary. Therefore, a systematic literature review on electricity markets in the context of distributed energy resources integration was conducted in this paper to present in-depth discussions on the topic, along with shedding light on current perspectives, the most relevant sources, authors, papers, countries, metrics, and indexes. The software R and its open-source tool Bibliometrix were used to perform the systematic literature review based on the widely recognized databases Web of Science and Scopus, which led to a total of 1685 articles after removing duplicates. The results demonstrate that demand response, renewable energy, uncertainty, optimization, and smart grid are the most-used keywords. By assessing highly impactful articles on the theme, emphasis on energy storage systems becomes clear compared to distributed generation and electric vehicles. However, electric vehicles draw attention in terms of citations. Furthermore, multi-level stochastic programming is the most-applied methodology among highly impactful articles. Due to the relevance of the demand response keyword, this paper also conducts a specific review on the topic aligned with electricity markets and distributed energy resources (296 articles). The results demonstrate that virtually all high-impact publications on the topic address day-ahead or real-time pricing. Based on the literature found, this paper presents a discussion on the main challenges and future perspectives related to the field. The complexity of electrical power systems and electricity markets is increasing substantially according to what this study found. Distributed generation development is already advanced, while energy storage systems and electric vehicles are limited in many countries. Peer-to-peer electricity trading and virtual power plant are newer concepts that are currently incipient, and DR programs showcase an intermediate stage of evolution. A particular lack of research on social issues is verified, and also a lack of all-encompassing studies that address multiple interconnected topics, which should be better addressed in the future. The in-depth assessment carried out in this paper is expected to be of high value to researchers and policy-makers and facilitate future research on the topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Combining Data-Driven and Model-Driven Approaches for Optimal Distributed Control of Standalone Microgrid.
- Author
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Ahangar, Parvaiz Ahmad, Lone, Shameem Ahmad, and Gupta, Neeraj
- Abstract
This paper focuses on the comprehensive restoration of both voltage and frequency in a standalone microgrid (SAMG). In a SAMG, the power balance is achieved through traditional methods such as droop control for power sharing among distributed generators (DGs). However, when such microgrids (MGs) are subjected to perturbations coming from stochastic renewables, the frequency and voltage parameters deviate from their specified values. In this paper, a novel hybrid-type consensus-based distributed controller is proposed for voltage and frequency restoration. Data-based communication is ensured among the DGs for controlling voltage and frequency parameters. Different parameters such as voltage, frequency, and active and reactive power converge successfully to their nominal values using the proposed algorithms, thereby ensuring smooth operation of inverter-dominated DGs. Additionally, the machine-learning-based long short-term memory (LSTM) algorithm is implemented for renewable power forecasting using historical data from the proposed location for visualising the insolation profile. The effectiveness of our approach is demonstrated through a SAMG, which consists of four inverters, showing that the proposed approach can improve system stability, increase efficiency and reliability, and reduce costs compared to traditional methods. The complete study is performed in Python and MATLAB environments. Our results highlight the potential of data-driven approaches to revolutionise power system operation and control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Evaluation Method of the Incremental Power Supply Capability Brought by Distributed Generation.
- Author
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Hao, Yi, Huang, Zhigang, Ma, Shiqian, Huang, Jiakai, Chen, Jiahao, and Sun, Bing
- Subjects
POWER resources ,EVALUATION methodology ,GENETIC algorithms ,ENERGY storage ,MICROGRIDS ,DISTRIBUTED power generation - Abstract
More and more distributed generation (DG) and energy storage (ES) devices are being connected to the distribution network (DN). They have the potential of maintaining a stable supply load during failure periods when using islanding operations. Therefore, DG and ES have capacity value, i.e., improving the power supply capability of the system. However, there are strong fluctuations in DG outputs, and the operations of ES devices have sequential characteristics. The same capacity of DG has different load-bearing capabilities compared to conventional thermal or hydroelectric units. This paper proposes a method for evaluation of power supply capability improvement in DNs. First, the temporal fluctuation in both power source and load demand during fault periods is considered. A DN island partition model considering the secondary power outage constraint is established. Then, a modified genetic algorithm is designed. The complex island partition model is solved to achieve accurate power supply reliability evaluation. And the incremental power supply capability associated to DG and ES devices is calculated. Finally, a case study is conducted on the PG&E 69-bus system to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. It is found that with a 20% configuration ratio of ES devices, the power supply capability improvement brought about by 6 MW DG can reach about 773 kW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Proposal of a Master–Slave Control for an Isolated Microgrid after an Intentional Islanding.
- Author
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Alves, Guilherme H., Guimarães, Geraldo C., Moura, Fabricio A. M., de Souza, Arthur C., Rogério Jr, Lúcio, and Silva, Leonardo R. C.
- Subjects
MICROGRIDS ,ELECTRIC power distribution grids ,ELECTRIC power consumption ,DISTRIBUTED power generation ,CUSTOMER satisfaction ,CONSUMPTION (Economics) - Abstract
Renewable sources and Distributed Generation (DG) have been generating a growing economic interest given the increase in electricity consumption. For the end consumer, the lower environmental impact, easy-to-install and quick payback are great alternatives to traditional connections. DG growth drives new studies to predict different results in the electrical grid. The IEEE 1547 technical guidelines bring the possibility that in case of any failure that causes a shutdown, the operation is possible through intentional islanding provided by the electrical utility, continuing service, and maintaining customer satisfaction. For a more in-depth analysis of the impacts of this scenario, this paper contributes with a proposal to modify the strategy for identifying possible intentional islanding. A hybrid relay was modeled using passive techniques along with a suggestion for the operation of the newly formed Microgrid (MG), presenting a control philosophy of the regulators connected to the grid or being islanded, the latter defining the functions of the DGs as master–slave. The results obtained by the experiments proved to be excellent when inserting loads while the intentional islanding event occurs, confirming that the model is within the technical guidelines of IEEE 1547. This paper brings exciting conclusions about this operation, and the power quality of the electrical generator in the MG, according to the criteria established by ANEEL's Distribution Procedures Guidelines (PRODIST). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. State-of-the-Art Using Bibliometric Analysis of Wind-Speed and -Power Forecasting Methods Applied in Power Systems.
- Author
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Lagos, Ana, Caicedo, Joaquín E., Coria, Gustavo, Quete, Andrés Romero, Martínez, Maximiliano, Suvire, Gastón, and Riquelme, Jesús
- Subjects
WIND power plants ,OFFSHORE wind power plants ,RENEWABLE energy transition (Government policy) ,AERODYNAMICS of buildings ,WIND power ,WIND forecasting ,BIBLIOMETRICS ,FORECASTING - Abstract
The integration of wind energy into power systems has intensified as a result of the urgency for global energy transition. This requires more accurate forecasting techniques that can capture the variability of the wind resource to achieve better operative performance of power systems. This paper presents an exhaustive review of the state-of-the-art of wind-speed and -power forecasting models for wind turbines located in different segments of power systems, i.e., in large wind farms, distributed generation, microgrids, and micro-wind turbines installed in residences and buildings. This review covers forecasting models based on statistical and physical, artificial intelligence, and hybrid methods, with deterministic or probabilistic approaches. The literature review is carried out through a bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer and Pajek software. A discussion of the results is carried out, taking as the main approach the forecast time horizon of the models to identify their applications. The trends indicate a predominance of hybrid forecast models for the analysis of power systems, especially for those with high penetration of wind power. Finally, it is determined that most of the papers analyzed belong to the very short-term horizon, which indicates that the interest of researchers is in this time horizon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Fault recovery of distribution network containing distributed generation based on heuristic search algorithm and multi-population genetic algorithm.
- Author
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Xu, Zhe, Zhang, Zhijing, Jiang, Wen, Fan, Shuxian, and Gong, Maofa
- Subjects
FAULT tolerance (Engineering) ,DISTRIBUTED power generation ,HEURISTIC algorithms ,GENETIC algorithms ,TOPOLOGY - Abstract
In order to solve low optimization efficiency and 'premature convergence' of the traditional genetic algorithm in fault recovery of the distribution network with DG, a new recovery scheme based on the heuristic algorithm and multi-population genetic algorithm is proposed. During the initial process, the heuristic algorithm is used to obtain certain individuals who are close to the local optimized solutions, so that it can search in the better individuals. And then, the multi-population genetic algorithm is introduced to achieve co-evolution among various groups, which takes into account the balance between the global and local searching abilities. Due to existing large number of infeasible solutions that do not satisfy the radial requirements in the searching process, topology simplification is performed to improve the searching speed and computational efficiency. Before the failure recovery, this paper determines whether to put into load shedding by using the repeated power flow method. Finally, the feasibility and validity of the optimization algorithm are demonstrated by case studies in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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47. مروري كوتاه بر عملكرد و كنترل ريزشبكه هاي جريان مستقيم در سيستم هاي قدرت
- Author
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غضنفر شاهقليان
- Abstract
Microgrid is a system of generating and distributing electrical energy. Microgrids include various power systems, each of which has different power capacity and produces different oscillations. By producing reliable and flexible power, microgrids can ensure the safety and electrical reliability of the network and reduce energy costs. A microgrid is a small power system with distributed energy sources and loads, which can work in two modes connected to the grid and island. The controller in a microgrid must provide a seamless transition between different modes of operation. By reviewing the studies, the application of microgrids has expanded to respond to the growing energy demand and solve environmental pollution problems. In this paper, a brief overview of the effectiveness of direct current microgrids in the power system has been provided. Direct current microgrids do not need frequency synchronization and reactive power management, and in terms of stability, flexibility, and complexity, they are superior to alternating current microgrids. The source voltages are the variables that control the direct current microgrid power, so they must be well managed to achieve the desired voltage regulation. Various classifications have been stated for microgrids based on control methods, structures, performance, and other parameters. This review can be considered as an initial platform for research study in the development of direct current microgrids based on centralized and intelligent control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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48. Opportunity Assessment of Virtual Power Plant Implementation for Sustainable Renewable Energy Development in Indonesia Power System Network.
- Author
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Setiawan, Agus, Jufri, Fauzan Hanif, Dzulfiqar, Fatih, Samual, Muhammad Gillfran, Arifin, Zainal, Angkasa, Fahmi Firdaus, Aryani, Dwi Riana, Garniwa, Iwa, and Sudiarto, Budi
- Abstract
Renewable energy sources have become one of the important roles for sustainable energy development. One of the promising mechanisms to deploy renewable energy is through a Virtual Power Plant (VPP), which can integrate various distributed renewable energy resources into a single controllable and deployable entity. This paper examines the opportunity for VPP adoption in Indonesia, which investigates the minimum implementation criteria, provides a gap analysis for VPP implementation, and proposes recommendations for VPP implementation in Indonesia. The implementation criteria are obtained from the literature review, including the lessons learned from other countries, and categorized into four aspects: regulatory, technical, economic, and social. The gap analysis is performed by evaluating the current state of Indonesia's utility network in correlation with the VPP minimum implementation criteria and then provides a scoring matrix for each criterion. Lastly, the recommendations are arranged to narrow these gaps, organized into ten key focus points, and divided into four phases, initiation, preparation, piloting, and deployment, across a ten-year timeframe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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49. A novel reliability assessment method for distribution networks based on linear programming considering distribution automation and distributed generation.
- Author
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Li, Junhui, Kong, Huichao, Wang, Wenzhong, Sun, Liming, Xiao, Wencong, and Wang, Ziyao
- Subjects
DISTRIBUTED power generation ,MIXED integer linear programming ,RENEWABLE energy sources ,AUTOMATION - Abstract
The primary methods of assessing the reliability of distribution networks comprise analytic and simulation methods. However, both approaches require the identification and computation of network topology, which precludes their expression in explicit, continuous functions, consequently impeding the incorporation of reliability constraints into planning and operational optimization models. To tackle this restriction, the present work puts forth a novel linear‐programming‐based reliability assessment method that is mathematically formulated, considering distribution automation (DA) and distributed generations (DGs), consisting of both conventional and renewable energy sources. In this paper, the clustering method and the scenario‐based method are used to model DGs. Next, a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model, considering the DA and DGs with the System Average Interruption Duration Index (SAIDI) as the optimization objective, is proposed. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified in a 37‐node distribution network system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Energy management strategy for a hybrid micro-grid system using renewable energy.
- Author
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Ndeke, Christian Bipongo, Adonis, Marco, and Almaktoof, Ali
- Subjects
GRIDS (Cartography) ,HYBRID power systems ,GREENHOUSE gas mitigation ,RENEWABLE energy sources ,ENERGY management ,ENERGY consumption ,SYSTEMS availability - Abstract
This paper introduces an energy management strategy for a hybrid renewable micro-grid system. The efficient operation of a hybrid renewable micro-grid system requires an advanced energy management strategy able to coordinate the complex interactions between different energy sources and loads. This strategy must consider some factors such as weather fluctuations and demand variations. Its significance lies in achieving the overarching objectives of these systems, including optimizing renewable energy utilization, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, promoting energy independence, and ensuring grid resilience. The intermittent nature of renewable sources necessitates a predictive approach that anticipates the energy availability and adjusts the system operation. The aim of this study was to develop an energy management system for a hybrid renewable micro-grid system to optimize the deployment of renewable energy resources and increase their integration in the power system. Therefore, the main objective of this work was to develop an energy management strategy that controls the flow of energy between the hybrid micro-grid system and the load connected directly as well as the load connected to the utility grid using MATLAB/Simulink software. The second objective was to control the charging and discharging of the battery. The results show that the developed algorithm was able to control the energy flow between the hybrid micro-grid system and the utility grid and also to ensure a proper relation between the charging /discharging rate of the battery based on their operating conditions. In this application, the battery was charged at higher power. It was seen that a higher charging power enables to fully recharge the battery in a shorter amount of time than usual. The results have shown that it is possible to maximize the charging time by using a greater power and this algorithm ensures the state of charge (SOC) of battery to remain in the admissible limits (between 20 and 100%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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