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This is a corpus-based study of a key aspect of academic writing in one discipline (biology) by final-year undergraduates and first-, second-, and third-year graduate students. The papers come from the Michigan Corpus of Upper-level Student Papers, a freely available electronic database. The principal aim of the study is to examine the extent of variation in citation practice in the biology subcorpus. To that end, it explores citation practices from a number of perspectives, including the distribution of integral versus parenthetical citations, the choice of reporting verbs, the effect of citing system, and the occurrence of selected features such as the use of citees' first names. Results show little difference between the undergraduate and graduate papers, some effect of the citing system, and a somewhat richer intertextuality in the "evolutionary" as opposed to the "molecular" biology papers. Overall, this is an impressive body of student work from the viewpoint of textual variation in citation practice, but it should be remembered that the corpus consists of only "A" papers from a flagship research university.

This short article reviews key corpus-based pedagogic initiatives in the spirit of the Swalesian tradition of genre analysis. Pedagogic genres covered include report writing, thesis writing, writing a grant proposal and legal essay writing. More recently, attention has been paid to the writing of research articles by postgraduate students for whom published articles are becoming a prerequisite for a PhD to be awarded. These pedagogic endeavours invariably commence from a top-down perspective. Genre moves are first identified followed by more bottom-up corpus searches for the identification of prototypical lexico-grammatical patterning for specific move structures. In a few cases, relevant sub-sections of freely available corpora, such as the Michigan Corpus of Upper-level Student Papers (MICUSP), are used. However, most pedagogic initiatives make use of self-compiled specialised corpora to meet the needs of students from a specific discipline. Genre-based research findings can also usefully inform classroom-based corpus activities.

Habits of inquiry should be nurtured as early as possible. Elementary students must be challenged to ask good questions and develop inquiring attitudes. As a science teacher, educator, professional developer, and science program reviewer, the author has often observed that the default is to use "good" science investigations from textbooks or the internet. A well-known paper towel investigation gains new life and prepares students for their middle and high school years. The author describes "the best paper towel" lesson that is designed to address inquiry as outlined by the National Science Education Standards (NRC 1996).

In this paper, we provide a detailed account of the steps that were central to designing and compiling the Michigan Corpus of Upper-level Student Papers (MICUSP). MICUSP is a new collection of 829 papers (around 2.6 million words) written by University of Michigan students in their final undergraduate year or in their first three years of graduate education. The papers come from sixteen disciplines, ranging from Humanities and Arts to Physical Sciences, and represent a range of different text types. In this paper, we offer an overview of the design of MICUSP, the online submission process used to collect papers, and the text-type classification of the papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We simulated intraspecific usurpation in two species of paper wasps at a field site in Michigan to compare the species' treatment of foreign brood. Queens of Polistes fuscatus, a species that commonly uses intraspecific usurpation as an alternative reproductive tactic, destroyed significantly fewer large larvae and significantly more small larvae than queens of P. dominulus, a sympatric species that rarely usurps. The pattern of brood destruction exhibited by P. fuscatus was consistent with the previously published findings that P. fuscatus usurpers destroy reproductive-destined brood (eggs and small larvae), but not worker-destined brood (large larvae and pupae) that are subsequently used by a usurper to raise her own reproductives. The pattern of brood destruction displayed by P. dominulus differed from that of Polistes species that frequently engage in intraspecific usurpation. The brood destruction pattern in P. dominulus may have been shaped by nest adoption, a common alternative reproductive tactic in this species. If so, it is not clear why P. dominulus would destroy large, worker-destined larvae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reaffirming its leadership role toward better oral health for all Americans, the ADA has produced a white paper that also challenges policy-makers and the US to improve access to dental services. The white paper, "State and Community Models for Improving Access to Dental Care for the Underserved," was presented October 1 to the House of Delegates meeting in Orlando, Florida, as "a resource for change," states ADA President Richard Haught. He said the white paper and its feasible models for positive change contribute to growing momentum among the ADA, constituent dental societies, and many other organizations. The models in the paper are innovative programs currently in operation--three at the state level and two community based. All of them, according to the white paper, have produced significant gains in both utilization of dental services by Medicaid-eligible children and participation by private-practice dentists. Brief summaries of the five models, as delineated in the ADA white paper, are presented. (Contains 1 table.)

This paper introduces the Michigan Corpus of Upper-level Student Papers (MICUSP) as a new resource that will enable researchers and teachers of English for Academic Purposes (EAP) to investigate the written discourse of highly advanced student writers whose written assignments have been awarded the grade ‘A’. The usefulness of two aspects of the design of the corpus — variation across discipline and across student level — is illustrated by two case studies, one on attribution and one on recurrent phraseological patterns. The first case study investigates how references to the work of others are realized and to what extent disciplinary variation exists in unpublished academic writing by students. The second study examines the use of phraseological items (n-grams and phrase-frames) by students at four different levels of undergraduate and graduate study. The paper closes with a discussion of the results of both case studies and describes future avenues for MICUSP-based research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim and objectives. This education-focused paper presents a discussion of possible data sources used in patient safety issues specific to fall reduction in hospital inpatient care settings. Background. Although hospitals and clinicians in the USA have been implored to improve care and reduce events that harm patients (falls), studies to date have failed to clearly address the facility system-level factors for falls. Making meaningful approaches to modify risk factors is clearly overdue. Design. Discursive paper. Method. Possible data sources for answering patient fall-related research questions in hospital settings are categorised as: (1) archived hospital data, (2) surveys of patients/families/clinicians, (3) interviews and focus groups of patients/families/clinicians, (4) publicly available data sets and (5) published legal cases. The complexities of research in fall prevention are illustrated using the conceptual models. Examples were included to illustrate the use of these data sources. Discussion. Data-related issues include: (1) unit of analysis, (2) computer data processing capabilities, (3) merging data sets from different sources and (4) data abstraction, aggregation and data analytic techniques. Conclusions. The trend to use multiple data sources to answer research questions is gradually emerging. To demonstrate effective fall prevention efforts across hospitals, publicly available data sets can be reliable sources for analyses to inform policymakers about meaningful fall prevention programmes that result in positive outcomes. Relevance to clinical practice. Challenges to develop and evaluate any interventions to eliminate risk factors for falls often relate to selecting feasible interventions and whether staff members accept the interventions and adhere to adopting the intervention. Using multiple data sources with time factors to cross-validate the sufficiency of nurses' knowledge with their practice patterns may be more productive. This need further supports the importance of this paper about possible data sources used in the research on patient safety specific to fall reduction for adults in hospital inpatient care settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information on several papers discussed at the 2010 American Association for Italian Studies (AAIS) Conference held at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor on April 22-25, 2010 is presented. Topics include Italian cinema genre, Italian literature and the cinema discipline within the field of Italian studies. The conference featured several notable individuals including Anna Paparcone, Maria Teresa Maenza, and Elena Past.

Although many states in the United States are adopting policies that require all students to complete college-preparatory science classes to graduate from high school, such policies have not always led to improved student outcomes. There is much speculation about the cause of the dismal results, but there is scant research on the processes by which the policies are being implemented at the school level, especially in schools that enroll large numbers of historically non-college-bound students. To address this gap in the literature, we conducted a four-year ethnographic case study of policy implementation at one racially and socioeconomically diverse high school in Michigan. Guided by the structuration theory of Anthony Giddens (1984), we gathered and analyzed information from interviews with administrators and science teachers, observations of science classes, and relevant curriculum and policy documents. Our findings reveal the processes and rationales by which a state policy mandating three years of college-preparatory science for all students was implemented at the school. Four years after the policy was implemented, there was little improvement in science outcomes. The main reason for this, we found, was the lack of correspondence between the state policy and local policies developed in response to that state policy.

Lists announcements and calls for proposals on research on composition and literacy. Conduction of workshops for incorporating technology in the classroom at the Michigan Technological University; Announcement of the 18th Penn State Conference on Rhetoric and Composition at the Penn State University; Request for propositions for the CCCC Research Network Forum for its annual workshop in San Antonio, Texas.

The article reports on the publication of the Silicone Foam Control for Kraft Brownstock Washing, a new technical paper, by Dow Chemical Co. in Midland, Michigan. The paper is available from Dow Corning in both English and Chinese.

The article reports that Ann Arbor-based University of Michigan's Athletics Department has a big-time budget exceeding that for many businesses within the private sector of sport management. Through the use of computers, the Athletics Department at Michigan is able to establish fiscal responsibility with the use of a paper trail. Every purchase requires a written request for a purchase order. After that is entered, other paper documents follow this re- quest and ultimately they can be used to find out if there has indeed been fis- cal responsibility for their Athletics Department.

A second new species of Boletina Staeger fungus gnat was discovered in western Michigan following the discovery of Boletina michigana Taber in the same habitat at the same time of year. Males and females were collected in early spring in a Malaise trap in a paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marshall)-red maple (Acer rubrum L.)-black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrhart) woods adjacent to black ash (Fraxinus nigra Marshall) swamp and cattail (Typha latifolia L.) marsh. Boletina setacea Taber will key out to Boletina sciarina Staeger by using one of two old keys, but male terminalia and wing venation indicated a specific difference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 33rd Language Testing Research Colloquium (LTRC), held in June 2011 in Ann Arbor, Michigan, included a conference symposium on the topic of "assessment literacy." This event brought together a group of four presenters from different parts of the world, each of whom reported on their recent research in this area. Presentations were followed by a discussant slot that highlighted some thematic threads from across the papers and raised various questions for the professional language testing community to consider together. One point upon which there was general consensus during the discussion was the need for more research to be undertaken and published in this complex and challenging area. It is particularly encouraging, therefore, to see a coherent set of studies on assessment literacy brought together in this special issue of "Language Testing" and it will undoubtedly make an important contribution to the steadily growing body of literature on this topic, particularly as it concerns the testing of languages. This brief commentary revisits some of the themes originally raised during the LTRC 2011 symposium, considers how these have been explored or developed through the papers in this special issue and reflects on some future directions for our thinking and activity in this important area. (Contains 2 figures.)

Political Science research methods courses face two problems. First is what to cover, as there are too many techniques to explore in any one course. Second is dealing with student anxiety around quantitative material. We explore a novel way to approach these issues. Our students began by writing a qualitative paper. They followed with a term paper, on the same topic, that incorporated material learned in the qualitative paper with quantitative data analysis. This helps students appreciate how different methods complement one another. By starting with more familiar qualitative techniques, then moving to the quantitative, and by writing the paper in stages, we help alleviate student anxiety. Students start within their comfort zone, then move outside it once their attention has been piqued by their research question. We offer a multimethod analysis of the advantages and limitations of this approach. While not perfect, it offers another option for teaching this challenging course. We conclude by discussing how to build upon this approach in the future. (Contains 2 tables and 22 Notes.)

Examines the behavior of paper wasp, Polistes fuscatus, when faced with a vertebrate attack over the colony cycle in Rochester, Michigan. Division of labor in the defense against vertebrate predators within a colony; Correlation between the degree of aggression with age of subordinate foundress and workers; Lack of participation of gynes and males in colony defense.

Community gardens are more popular than ever, yet we know little about how leadership structure and neighborhood characteristics relate to programming. Hence, this paper analyzes how the racial/ethnic backgrounds of the community garden leaders are related to the activities the garden undertakes. What types of initiatives do gardens undertake to reduce food insecurity? The paper analyzes how the location of the garden impacts what it does. The article presents novel findings on the impact of leadership and neighborhood characteristics on community garden operations and outcomes. Hence, the essay examines how the race/ethnicity of garden managers and their sex and neighborhood characteristics, such as poverty rate, household income, and racial composition, are related to garden initiatives. Finally, the paper examines how community gardens responded to increased demands for food and services during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic. We studied 53 community gardens in Michigan from the summer 2020 through the winter 2021. Whites manage 66% (35) of the gardens, while People of Color manage 34% (18). Roughly half of the gardens are managed by males and the remainder by females. The gardens, which lack paid staff, rely heavily on volunteers. Almost 53% of the gardens are in low-income census tracts (with median income of $40,000 or less). During the pandemic, 31% of the gardens reduced their staff, 51.4% had fewer volunteers than in pre-pandemic times, and 51.9% had increased amounts of people seeking food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Can one glimpse the development of emerging scholars in the work of engineering graduate students? To answer this question, the author studied the citation patterns in 96 Master's theses and 24 Ph.D. dissertations completed at Western Michigan University's College of Engineering and Applied Sciences between 2002 and 2006. The hypothesis of this study is that an increase in graduate student research competence between the master's and doctoral levels can be seen in their use of scholarly sources such as journal articles and conference papers. For each thesis and dissertation, bibliographic information (title, author, document type, year of publication) was gathered for each individual citation in the reference list(s). The data analysis indicates that doctoral engineering students use a significantly greater number of scholarly journal articles (44.3% to 29.3%) and conference papers (21.9% to 12.5%) than master's students. Also, master's students depend more heavily upon literature available on the web (web sites, government papers, grey literature, trade magazines, and patents). These results give tentative support to the hypothesis. Without knowing how faculty expectations influence the quality of graduate literature reviews, the hypothesis could not be conclusively supported with the data gathered. This study shows that there is a significant difference in the proportions of scholarly and other research sources used by master's and doctoral engineering students. The implications of these citation patterns in the development of the engineering scholar are discussed. (Contains 6 tables and 3 figures.)

History departments are not generally known as hotbeds of assessment activity. Doctoral programs in history rarely touch the issue of how to assess student learning, while program review as an idea appears to many historians as an invasion of their turf by outsiders. At Eastern Michigan University, members of the faculty in the Department of History and Philosophy have worked to turn the process of assessment into a tool for improving the critical thinking, research, and writing abilities of students in the history program. For the past three years, the department has completed an annual review of papers produced in its research and writing methods class, History 300. As a result of this ongoing process of assessment, faculty who have taught this class have made a number of changes to their assignments in order to insure that students leaving the class have the necessary tools to research and write a solid historical research paper. In this article, the authors describe this assessment project which focused on History 300. The authors conclude that one of the frustrations of assessment efforts is that they do not always yield clear outcomes. One of the key findings of all their assessment activities was that despite all their efforts, student papers could vary greatly from year to year. Differences in student quality and effort from year to year make attempts to "grade" their improvement almost impossible. On a more positive note, a survey showed that 100 percent of the students leaving their department to enter secondary history teaching reported that their department's efforts to teach research and writing served as a model for their own future teaching. (Contains 6 notes.)

This paper investigates the possible benefits of integrating an L1 novice corpus into the study of learner writing, through a study on hedging adverbials and complement clauses. A more traditional tripartite comparison is first drawn between French EFL learner writing, L1 English novice writing, and English expert writing. Then, a comparison is made between L1 French novice writing and French EFL learner writing. The study uses data from the following corpora: the Varieties of English for Specific Purposes dAtabase (VESPA; Paquot et al., 2022) (French EFL learner writing), the British Academic Written English (BAWE; Heuboeck et al., 2008) corpus and the Michigan Corpus of Upper-level Student Papers (MICUSP; Ädel & Römer, 2012) (both L1 English novice writing), the Kulturell Identitet i Akademisk Prosa: nasjonal versus disiplinavhengig (KIAP‑EN; Fløttum et al., 2006) corpus (English expert writing), and the The French Academic wRiting (FAR) corpus (L1 French novice writing). The results speak to the importance of including a L1 novice component to the current methodologies employed in Learner Corpus Research (LCR), since such inclusion helps to provide a better and more nuanced interpretation of the findings obtained by means of a more traditional tripartite approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global Pavement-mechanistic-empirical (ME) transfer functions have been calibrated using the long-term pavement performance (LTPP) pavement sections at the national level. These functions may need calibration for local conditions for reliable performance predictions. Several calibration studies have been conducted for local conditions, but limited research is available on the impact of calibration on pavement design. This study calibrates and validates the Pavement-ME transfer functions using version 2.6 for Michigan. A total of 256 flexible and 113 rigid sections have been selected based on the performance and availability of Pavement-ME inputs. The authors obtained the Pavement-ME inputs using construction records, plans, job mix formula (JMF), and material testing results. In contrast, the performance data was obtained from the Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) pavement management system (PMS) database. The calibrated models were then used for pavement design to estimate the impact of calibration and for comparison with AASHTO93 designs. The paper identifies the controlling distresses for pavement design. A total of 44 new flexible and rigid sections were designed based on the newly calibrated coefficients. The results show a significant improvement in performance prediction after local calibration. A comparison between AASHTO93 and Pavement-ME designs showed a reduction in hot-mix asphalt (HMA) and plain cement concrete (PCC) slab thicknesses for the latter approach. On average, the surface thicknesses using locally calibrated coefficients were thinner by 0.22 in. (0.56 cm) and 0.44 in. (1.12 cm) for flexible and rigid pavements, respectively. Critical design distresses for flexible pavements include bottom-up and thermal cracking. Conversely, transverse cracking and international roughness index (IRI) control the designs for rigid sections. Evaluating the impact of locally calibrated models on pavement designs is essential to obtaining practical and cost-effective design thickness. Practical Applications: This study provides a framework for the local calibration. Several factors affect the local calibration process, including the field performance data. The recorded performance data may have irregularities due to measurement errors, limitations in distress identification, and conversion to the Pavement-ME units. Therefore, the authors recommend analyzing the raw performance data and filtering it (if required) for practicality. Pavement design is one of the most crucial calibration process steps and is often not considered in practice. It is worth mentioning that pavements were designed based on calibrated models, and based on MDOT feedback, the calibration improved the designs. The authors recommend that the calibration results should not be based only on statistical parameters (SEE, bias, etc.) but also on practical engineering judgments. By understanding which distress types are most relevant to their region, agencies can develop mitigation and maintenance strategies leading to longer pavement service lives. For example, MDOT can mitigate the occurrence of thermal cracking, a critical distress, by using modified and improved binders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Baghdad Science Journal is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the mid-1970s the Construction Journal had fallen on hard times but the dedication of a group of professors at the University of Michigan soon had things organized again. The profession owes a debt of gratitude to the Michigan team for establishing the procedures that allow the processing of papers to run smoothly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was designed to examine the decision-making process for keeping or cutting the music program in one selected public school district. Lekbery School District, in the Detroit suburb of Lekbery, Michigan, had not made extreme cuts to the music program in over 10 years, nor had it specifically targeted the music program when budgets cuts did occur. Qualitative data collected through interviews and documents indicated that Lekbery Schools District's administrators had committed to offering a well-rounded education to all of their students and that music education played a large part in that education. For decision making regarding funding and support for music education, decision makers considered (a) their personal values and philosophies of music education, (b) the values and demands of the community, (c) the quality of teaching that Lekbery could afford and provide, (d) the aesthetic and utilitarian purposes of keeping music education in the curriculum, (e) the economic value that music added, and (f) how the program contributed to the overall image of the school district. (Contains 1 note.)

We monitored CO2 and CH4 fluxes using eddy covariance from 19 May to 27 September 2011 in a poor fen located in northern Michigan. The objectives of this paper are to: (1) quantify the flux of CH4 from a sub-boreal peatland, and (2) determine which abiotic and biotic factors were the most correlated to the flux of CHv over the measurement period. Net daily CH4 fluxes increased from 70 mgm-2 d-1 to 220mgm-2 d-1 from mid May to mid July. After July, CH4 losses steadily declined to approximately 50 mgm-2 d-1 in late September. During the study period, the peatland lost 17.4 g CH4 m-2. Both abiotic and biotic variables were correlated with changes in CH4 flux. When the different variables were analyzed together, the preferred model included mean daily soil temperature at 20cm, daily net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and the interaction between mean daily soil temperature at 20 cm and NEE (R² = 0.47, p value < 0.001). The interaction was important because the relationship between daily NEE and mean daily soil temperature with CH4 flux changed in conjunction with changes in daily NEE. On days when daily NEE was negative, 25% of the CH4 flux could be explained by changes in NEE, however on days when daily NEE was positive, there was no correlation between daily NEE and the CH4 flux. In contrast, daily mean soil temperature at 20 cm was poorly correlated to changes in CH4 when NEE was negative (17%), but the correlation increased to 34% when NEE was positive. The interaction between daily NEE and mean daily soil temperature at 20 cm indicates shifting environmental controls on the CH4 flux throughout the growing season. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a step-by-step guide for the undergraduate instructor in how to launch a student journal. The authors describe their experiences over the past four years in publishing the student journal at Wayne County Community College in Detroit, Michigan. Though there were some problems and pitfalls, the authors concluded that it was a rewarding educational experience and strongly recommend its replication at other undergraduate institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers a nuanced perspective of two families' lockdown literacy journeys with their young children during the COVID 19 pandemic. We present informal home learning examples stimulated by play and by school-sanctioned synchronous and asynchronous activities from homes geographically miles apart yet close in terms of shared experience. In response to the catch-up and learning loss narrative which threatens to overshadow some of the positive learning experiences taking place at home, we redirect the 'catch-up' narrative towards a nuanced understanding of family learning at home by articulating the complexity of circumstance. Methodologically, drawing on Autoethnography, we present vignettes of lockdown life from Scotland and Michigan, USA. Throughout this paper we articulate challenges with the catch-up narrative and root our conclusions in the early childhood philosophy that learning extends beyond the mind to a whole body, holistic experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on the papers presented at the 1985 President's session of the Association of American Geographers was held in Detroit, Michigan. The papers were highly varied in approach, content and scale. They range in scale from a concern for improvements in the local community, to a concern with the general issue of housing in American society, to a broad critique of the political economic system within which housing and all other urban-economic problems devolve. Each paper contains insights concerning the usefulness of geographic knowledge about urban structure and change

Concrete bridge decks are critical transportation infrastructure components where deterioration can compromise structural integrity and public safety. This study develops machine learning (ML) models using the National Bridge Inventory (NBI) to classify deck conditions and predict deterioration trajectories. Models were tested and trained on inspection records from over 28,786 bridges in Michigan over 23 years, from 1992 to 2015. Eleven approaches were evaluated after hyperparameter optimization, based on 10-fold cross-validation, including logistic regression, gradient boosting, AdaBoost, random forest, extra trees, K-nearest neighbors, naive Bayes, decision tree, LightGBM, CatBoost, and bagging. Model effectiveness was assessed using accuracy, recall, F1-score, and area under the curve. Results indicate the optimized CatBoost classifier achieved 96.66% testing accuracy in rating deck conditions. The incorporation of hyperparameter optimization has significantly enhanced the overall predictive performance of the models, ensuring robust and reliable deterioration forecasting. The research sheds light on crucial factors such as deck age, area, and average daily traffic, contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing bridge deck condition ratings. These insights inform preventative maintenance planning to extend service life. This work pioneers a data-driven framework to forecast concrete deterioration, empowering officials with precise predictions to optimize infrastructure management under budget constraints. The approach provides a promising decision-support tool for sustainable infrastructure. This paper explores the use of machine learning techniques for the deterioration prediction of concrete bridge decks to estimate the remaining service life of bridges. These models will contribute to the safety, efficiency, and sustainability of bridge infrastructure by providing timely information and evidence-based decision making for bridge maintenance and management. Such prediction models have several practical applications such as (1) predicting when maintenance or repairs are likely to be needed; (2) assessing the risk of failure or deterioration of different components of a bridge; (3) effectively managing the bridge life cycle by providing insights into the aging process and helping authorities plan for rehabilitation or replacement strategies; (4) enabling ongoing monitoring of the performance of a bridge under various conditions such as heavy traffic loads, environmental factors, and seismic events; and (5) assisting in effective asset management by allowing for the prioritization of investments, the efficient allocation of budgets, and the planning for the long-term sustainability of the bridge infrastructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper re-evaluates the Edenville earth dam that failed in 2020 after a rapid rise in reservoir level caused by prolonged significant rainfall. The dam instability and possibility of static liquefaction–induced flow failure are assessed in the framework of critical state soil mechanics (CSSM). Both undrained loading and drained unloading stress paths are considered for flow liquefaction assessment. Using documented triaxial compression tests, the Norsand constitutive model is calibrated for finite-element numerical models. This study supplements the analyses conducted by an independent forensic team (IFT) in charge of failure investigation. The advances achieved by tailings dam practitioners are leveraged here to study flow liquefaction as recommended by the IFT. Multiple ways are employed to generate reasonable initial field stresses. Simulation of dam construction coupled with steady-state seepage analysis creates an appropriate starting condition for further flow liquefaction assessment. The numerical outputs confirm the result of the IFT's limit equilibrium analyses for an undrained boundary condition. Stress analyses with a drained boundary condition show that a major stress change with a constant-shear-drained (CSD) stress path develops below the dam crest due to a rising reservoir level. The results of our models with a CSD stress path and drained-to-undrained transition better explain the evolution of the Edenville dam failure. The current study provides a practical approach to earth dam design and evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights the application of genetic engineering in altering a key gene in aspen trees in the United States. Percentage of lignin reduction achieved by researchers at Michigan Technological University; Use of lignin; Effect of genetic engineering to the height of trees.

The article focuses on the works on paper by Thomas Cole in the Detroit Institute of Arts (DIA) in Detroit, Michigan. It states that the DIA has purchased 593 drawings of sketches, seventeen sketchbooks and two notebooks by Cole in April 1939. It mentions that his collection has served as the basis for Cole scholarship, both academic and curatorial. Art historian and Hudson River School scholar Theodore E. Stebbins Jr. said Cole's drawings are evidence of a revolution in landscape draftmanship and claimed that Cole has single-handedly established the drawing style of the Hudson River School. Aside from the drawings, sketchbooks and notebooks in the collection, there are also many architectural drawings.

In their senior year, biochemistry majors at the University of Detroit Mercy take a senior seminar course entitled "Recent Advances in Biochemistry Related to Societal Issues." Students read papers selected from the current literature and take turns presenting these papers to the class. Papers are grouped into units dealing with molecular biology, protein structure/function, apoptosis/cancer/AIDS, and neurochemistry. The ethical/societal implications of the research are also discussed. In addition, a term paper dealing with societal issues and written in dialogue format by teams of students is required. The students present their dialogue papers as skits to an audience composed of faculty as well as junior biochemistry, chemistry, and biology majors. Based upon a survey taken at the beginning, at midterm, and at the end of the semester, the familiarity of the students with the ethical/societal issues related to the subjects covered increased significantly. Also, in course evaluations administered at the end of the semester, students expressed a high degree of satisfaction with this course. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a list of various papers on policy studies subjects that were presented at the 1977 annual meetings of the Midwest, New England, Northeastern, Southern, Southwestern, and Western Political Science Association. Philip Abbott of Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan presented "Philosophy of Political Theory and Public Policy: The Abortion Question in the Classroom." John Shiry of University at Alberta, presented "Policy Type and the Political Process in a Canadian Province: A Test of the Lowi Model."

In a world facing climate crisis, a growing divide between rich and poor, racial strife, and a rise of xenophobic populism, social studies educators are obligated to investigate social issues in ways that might lead toward more just, less-destructive futures. This paper theorizes a new materialist social studies curriculum—a curriculum attentive to matter, nonhuman species, and anthropocentric representations of nature and the environment—with the aim of uncovering alternative inquiries and responsibilities that might help us flourish as teachers, students, and citizens. Throughout this paper, we argue that a new materialist lens can reconfigure and enliven social studies curriculum, and our corresponding analysis centers on particular events and concepts in the Michigan K-12 Social Studies Standards, considering how prevalent, normative representations reify damaging ways of being and knowing. This paper contributes to ongoing discourses regarding the boundaries, topics, and events that ought to comprise social studies curriculum, and we conclude by speculating new ethical futures for our field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents excerpts of papers presented to the IRRA during its winter 1966 meetings in San Francisco, California. Processing employment discrimination cases; Effect of economic change on the Michigan labor force; Technological displacement as a micro phenomenon.

Presents a way to cut filter paper for microscale laboratory use developed by Calvin College in Michigan. Disadvantages to using cork borers for cutting filter paper for microscale use; Alternative filter paper punch.

Presents two assignments that are designed to help students (at the high school and college levels) to develop a sense of place while building skills to improve their narrative writing. Includes the assignment sheet. Describes how students create a Michigan Travel Guide from their final drafts. (SR)

This paper uses the concept of fiscal gap, from the need-capacity framework of Yinger (1986) and Ladd (1994), as a way to conceptualize financial condition and as a guide for state aid allocation for fiscally distressed communities. Using 2011-2019 data from Michigan counties, it calculates local revenue-raising capacity and constructs a cost function that identifies key drivers for varying costs of public service provision between counties. Fiscal gap, which is the difference between RRC and cost measures, measures the extent to which local capacity falls short in meeting local demands. The paper also examines how state aid contributes to filling the fiscal gap. The results show that fiscal disparities exist among regions and counties with different levels of property taxable values. State aid, particularly project-based grants, mitigates these disparities but has yet to close the fiscal gap for many counties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides information on the stem cell research conducted by Sean Morrison and his colleagues at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Morrison states that the research aims to evaluate the existing concept which states that immortal-strand hypothesis is a way in which stem cells might protect themselves against accumulating mutations. Their investigation reveals three nucleotide analogues to developing haematopoietic stem cells (HCs). Their findings show that at least one type of stem cell does not conform to some accepted theories.

The Archives of Labor History and Urban Affairs, Walter P. Reuther Library at the Wayne State University in Detroit, Michigan, was established in 1960 to collect and preserve the records of the American labor movement, with special emphasis upon industrial unionism and related social, economic and political reform movements in the U.S., especially those relating to workers. Later, in 1970, the scope of the Archives was expanded to include urbanization, especially relating to Detroit and southeastern Michigan. The majority of the archival collections relate to the period after 1920, though some collections like those of the Industrial Workers of the World, the American Federation of Teachers, and the personal papers of labor leaders date back to the turn of the century. Archives. From its beginning in 1960, the Archives has adopted a vertical collecting policy for union records. This vertical collecting policy differs sharply from the acquisitions policy of many archives that concentrate almost solely upon key offices of an international union and the personal papers of top union leadership.

The article examines the essentials of symbolic interactions (SI) based on the reflections of Bernard N. Meltzer concerning its foundational issues, basic assumptions, and seminal concepts. It evaluates those concerns, however, makes no attempt to research several variations of SI. It explores the factors contributing on the rise of SI as a response to nature-nurture controversies between 1870 to 1940. The SI's response to those controversial issues emphasized the interactions between structure and agency, by which the society shapes the humans while they are in the process of constructing it. It assesses the role of Meltzer in developing the Central Michigan University in Mount Pleasant, Michigan as a regional center of SI.

Discusses the definition of reading proposed by the Michigan Reading Association. Definition of reading by the Michigan Department of Education; Elements of the reading process; Assumptions underlying the new definition of reading; Implications of the definition for professional development and policy making.

The article presents information related to the 1968 meeting of the Ohio Valley Sociological Society which is to be held in Detroit, Michigan from May 2-4, 1967. Ohio Valley sociologists who wish to submit papers may correspond directly with the following, who have agreed to organize and chair sessions. The sessions would be on topics like collective behavior by Professor Arthur G. Neal, complex organization by Professor Mark Lefton, culture and personality by Professor Gordon J. DiRenzo, demography by Professor H. Theodore Groat, family by Professor Edwin L. Livel, and others.

This paper examines the resilience of farmers markets in Michigan to the system shock of the global COVID-19 pandemic, questioning how the response fits into market goals of food sovereignty. Adapting to shifting public health recommendations and uncertainty, managers implemented new policies to create a safe shopping experience and expand food access. As consumers directed their shopping to farmers markets looking for safer outdoor shopping, local products, and foods in short supply at grocery stores, market sales skyrocketed with vendors reporting selling more than ever before, but the longevity of this change remains unclear. Our data collected via semi-structured interviews with market managers and vendors, and survey data from customers from 2020 to 21, suggest that despite the widespread impact of COVID-19, there is not sufficient evidence consumers will continue to shop at farmers markets at the rates they did in 2020-21. Furthermore, reasons consumers flocked to farmers markets do not align with market priorities for increased food sovereignty, as increased sales alone are not a sufficient driver for this goal. We question how markets can contribute to broader sustainability goals or serve as alternatives to capitalist and industrial modes of agricultural production, problematizing the role of markets in the food sovereignty movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an automated as-is façade modeling method for existing and historic high-rise buildings, named Scan4Façade. To begin with, a camera drone with a spiral path is employed to capture building exterior images, and photogrammetry is used to conduct three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction and create mesh models for the scanned building façades. High-resolution façade orthoimages are then generated from mesh models and pixelwise segmented by an artificial intelligence (AI) model named U-net. A combined data augmentation strategy, including random flipping, rotation, resizing, perspective transformation, and color adjustment, is proposed for model training with a limited number of labels. As a result, the U-net achieves an average pixel accuracy of 0.9696 and a mean intersection over union of 0.9063 in testing. Then, the developed twoStagesClustering algorithm, with a two-round shape clustering and a two-round coordinates clustering, is used to precisely extract façade elements' dimensions and coordinates from façade orthoimages and pixelwise label. In testing with the Michigan Central Station (office tower), a historic high-rise building, the developed algorithm achieves an accuracy of 99.77% in window extraction. In addition, the extracted façade geometric information and element types are transformed into AutoCAD command and script files to create CAD drawings without manual interaction. Experimental results also show that the proposed Scan4Façade method can provide clear and accurate information to assist BIM feature creation in Revit. Future research recommendations are also stated in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]