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12. Conventional land-use intensification reduces species richness and increases production: A global meta-analysis

Author

Beckmann, Michael, Gerstner, Katharina, Akin-Fajiye, Morodoluwa, Ceaușu, Silvia, Kambach, Stephan, Kinlock, Nicole L., Phillips, Helen R.P., Verhagen, Willem, Gurevitch, Jessica, Klotz, Stefan, Newbold, Tim, Verburg, Peter H., Winter, Marten, Seppelt, Ralf, Beckmann, Michael, Gerstner, Katharina, Akin-Fajiye, Morodoluwa, Ceaușu, Silvia, Kambach, Stephan, Kinlock, Nicole L., Phillips, Helen R.P., Verhagen, Willem, Gurevitch, Jessica, Klotz, Stefan, Newbold, Tim, Verburg, Peter H., Winter, Marten, and Seppelt, Ralf

Abstract

Most current research on land-use intensification addresses its potential to either threaten biodiversity or to boost agricultural production. However, little is known about the simultaneous effects of intensification on biodiversity and yield. To determine the responses of species richness and yield to conventional intensification, we conducted a global meta-analysis synthesizing 115 studies which collected data for both variables at the same locations. We extracted 449 cases that cover a variety of areas used for agricultural (crops, fodder) and silvicultural (wood) production. We found that, across all production systems and species groups, conventional intensification is successful in increasing yield (grand mean + 20.3%), but it also results in a loss of species richness (−8.9%). However, analysis of sub-groups revealed inconsistent results. For example, small intensification steps within low intensity systems did not affect yield or species richness. Within high-intensity systems species losses were non-significant but yield gains were substantial (+15.2%). Conventional intensification within medium intensity systems revealed the highest yield increase (+84.9%) and showed the largest loss in species richness (−22.9%). Production systems differed in their magnitude of richness response, with insignificant changes in silvicultural systems and substantial losses in crop systems (−21.2%). In addition, this meta-analysis identifies a lack of studies that collect robust biodiversity (i.e. beyond species richness) and yield data at the same sites and that provide quantitative information on land-use intensity. Our findings suggest that, in many cases, conventional land-use intensification drives a trade-off between species richness and production. However, species richness losses were often not significantly different from zero, suggesting even conventional intensification can result in yield increases without coming at the expense of biodiversity loss. These resu

Published
2019
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14. Conventional land‐use intensification reduces species richness and increases production: A global meta‐analysis

Author

Beckmann, Michael, primary, Gerstner, Katharina, additional, Akin‐Fajiye, Morodoluwa, additional, Ceaușu, Silvia, additional, Kambach, Stephan, additional, Kinlock, Nicole L., additional, Phillips, Helen R. P., additional, Verhagen, Willem, additional, Gurevitch, Jessica, additional, Klotz, Stefan, additional, Newbold, Tim, additional, Verburg, Peter H., additional, Winter, Marten, additional, and Seppelt, Ralf, additional

Published
2019
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15. Explaining global variation in the latitudinal diversity gradient: Meta‐analysis confirms known patterns and uncovers new ones

Author

Kinlock, Nicole L., primary, Prowant, Lisa, additional, Herstoff, Emily M., additional, Foley, Catherine M., additional, Akin‐Fajiye, Morodoluwa, additional, Bender, Nicole, additional, Umarani, Mihir, additional, Ryu, Hae Yeong, additional, Şen, Bilgecan, additional, Gurevitch, Jessica, additional, and Pither, Jason, additional

Published
2017
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16. Exploring trophic effects of spotted knapweed (Centaurea stoebeL.) on arthropod diversity using DNA metabarcoding

Author

Foster, Jordann G., Ploughe, Laura W., Akin-Fajiye, Morodoluwa, Singh, Jay P., Bottos, Eric, Van Hamme, Jonathan, and Fraser, Lauchlan H.

Abstract

Biological invasions are of particular concern in grasslands, as these systems are highly susceptible to changes in ecosystem energy flows following invasions by exotic plants. Spotted knapweed (Centaurea stoebeL.), a Eurasian, perennial forb, is considered one of the most ecologically harmful invasive plants in North American grasslands and may lead to changes in trophic dynamics, particularly within arthropod communities, which depend on plants for food and habitat. Using DNA metabarcoding to assess community dynamics of arthropods collected from pitfall traps and sweep nets, we explored the effects of C. stoebedensity on the alpha, beta and functional diversity of arthropods in a semi-arid grassland in British Columbia, Canada. We used trait-based approaches to investigate the functional responses of terrestrial arthropod communities to better understand the effects of C. stoebeon trophic dynamics. Our study found seasonal differences in the beta-diversity of arthropods, but no differences in arthropod alpha-diversity in knapweed populations. However, our study found a significant reduction in detritivore relative abundance coupled with increases in predator relative abundance, indicating that knapweed density altered the detrital food web. Conversely, herbivores were unaffected by knapweed density, suggesting evidence for greater stability of the grazing food web. Further, predator:prey ratios were highest under high knapweed density. These ratios suggest that top-down effects are likely stronger than the bottom-up effects of C. stoebeinvasion. DNA metabarcoding provides the tools to develop detailed surveys of species diversity across a range of environments and trophic levels, which could be a useful guide for planning restoration.

Published
2020
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17. Local differences in robustness to ocean acidification.

Author

Padilla DK, Milke L, Akin-Fajiye M, Rosa M, Redman D, Liguori A, Rugila A, Veilleux D, Dixon M, Charifson D, and Meseck SL

Subjects
Animals, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Mytilus edulis, Larva, Ocean Acidification, Seawater chemistry, Oceans and Seas, Carbon Dioxide metabolism
Abstract

Ocean acidification (OA) caused by increased atmospheric carbon dioxide is affecting marine systems globally and is more extreme in coastal waters. A wealth of research to determine how species will be affected by OA, now and in the future, is emerging. Most studies are discrete and generally do not include the full life cycle of animals. Studies that include the potential for adaptation responses of animals from areas with different environmental conditions and the most vulnerable life stages are needed. Therefore, we conducted experiments with the widely distributed blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, from populations regularly exposed to different OA conditions. Mussels experienced experimental conditions prior to spawning, through embryonic and larval development, both highly vulnerable stages. Survivorship to metamorphosis of larvae from all populations was negatively affected by extreme OA conditions (pH 7.3, Ωar, 0.39, pCO2 2479.74), but, surprisingly, responses to mid OA (pH 7.6, Ωar 0.77, pCO21167.13) and low OA (pH 7.9, Ωar 1.53, pCO2 514.50) varied among populations. Two populations were robust and showed no effect of OA on survivorship in this range. One population displayed the expected negative effect on survivorship with increased OA. Unexpectedly, survivorship in the fourth population was highest under mid OA conditions. There were also significant differences in development time among populations that were unaffected by OA. These results suggest that adaptation to OA may already be present in some populations and emphasizes the importance of testing animals from different populations to see the potential for adaptation to OA., Competing Interests: Competing interests The authors declare no competing or financial interests., (© 2024. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.)

Published
2024
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