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Context: Pediatric abusive head trauma (AHT) can be defined as an injury to the skull or intracranial contents of a child under the age of 5 due to inflicted blunt impact or violent shaking. Evidence Acquisition: AHTis the mostcommoncause of traumatic death in children younger than 1 year, and it is the leading cause of death due to child abuse. Clinical presentation observed in children with AHT depends on the type of AHT and accompanying injuries. History and physical examination are important for diagnosing AHT and for distinguishing it from other conditions that can mimic shaken baby syndrome, such as accidental trauma, cancer, metabolic diseases, and others. Results: Progress in research on the medical diagnosis of AHT has been remarkable, while the development of treatment strategies has been limited. For these reasons, there is an urgent need to develop effective treatment strategies for AHT able to improve the outcomes. Conclusions: The construction of a nationwide database that supports clinical studies is required in the future.

Factitious disorders are the intentional production of feigning symptoms or disabilities; either physical or psychological. We report the case of a young girl, victim of Münchausen by proxy who became a Münchausen patient.

Nocturnal enuresis (NE) is a common disorder in children. Choice of treatment depends on the frequency and severity of symptoms, the child's age and motivation. Treatment options for NE are alarm, desmopressin and imipramine. In particular, the main desmopressin therapeutical effect is the antidiuretic activity. The different formulations of desmopressin are an injectable solution, an oral tablet formulation and the recent oral lyophilisate (MELT). MELT with its higher biodisponibility guarantee the same therapy response of other formulations with a lower doses and it represents the first line and safety treatment for the NE.