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The article explores the portrayal of comic characters in Miguel de Cervantes's novel Don Quijote de la Mancha. It discusses how Cervantes challenged the prevailing norms of his time by investing fundamentally comic characters with dignity and particularity. The article highlights the cultural context in which genres were defined by the opposition of high and low content and characters. It also discusses the complex character development and psychological depth of Don Quijote and Sancho Panza, as well as the use of scatological humor in the novel. The author argues that understanding the comedic elements of Don Quijote is crucial for a full appreciation of the novel and emphasizes the characters' contribution to the development of liberalism. [Extracted from the article]

This article provides a comprehensive overview of the novel Don Quijote de la Mancha by Miguel de Cervantes. It explores the different interpretations of the novel throughout history, ranging from a comedic work to a reflection of Spanish society and a critique of feudalism. The article also discusses the influence of José Ortega y Gasset's Meditaciones del Quijote and the socio-political and economic analyses of scholars such as José Antonio Maravall and Pierre Vilar. The author, Eric Clifford Graf, argues that the novel celebrates bourgeois capitalism and personal liberty, drawing inspiration from the School of Salamanca and classical liberal thinkers. The text includes responses from other scholars who either challenge or expand upon Graf's arguments. [Extracted from the article]

The interpolated stories included in Don Quijote, Part one have frequently been studied as oppositional to the main plot in function of thematic binaries such as literature-life, illusion-reality, truth-fiction, idealism-realism and romance-novel. An analysis of the embedded tales' shared motifs, commonplace characterizations and structural relationship with the central narration, however, demonstrates Cervantes's attempt to incorporate and harmonize disparate literary elements into a single narrative according to the theoretical precepts of his age, especially unity-in-variety, admiratio and verisimilitude. The interpolated stories are constructed as symmetrical patterns of recurrent tropes and themes with varying degrees of coordination with each other, as well as with the main plot. This intricate structure demonstrates the incremental nature of Cervantes's innovation. Rather than constituting a decisive rupture with contemporary theoretical postulates, as the critical consensus holds, his approach to narrative and character develops in consonance with them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Agile implementation improves urine culture diagnostic stewardship in critical care. • Agile implementation engages key stakeholder and preserves provider autonomy. • Utilizing a urine culture algorithm results in significant reduction in catheter-associated urinary tract infection. • Urine culture stewardship does not result in patient harm or missed catheter-associated urinary tract infection diagnoses. Over diagnosis of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) contributes to unnecessary and excessive antibiotic use, selection for resistant organisms, increased risk for Clostridiodes difficile infections, as well as a false elevation in CAUTI rates. Utilizing agile implementation to implement a urine culture algorithm achieved statistically significant reduction in CAUTI rates in a critical care unit resulting in sustainment and spread throughout the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Miguel de Cervantes's Don Quijote, Part One (1605) purports to be an historical chronicle of the exploits of a mad Manchegan knight, a conceit which Don Quijote, Part Two (1615) develops by staging encounters between Don Quixote and Sancho Panza and characters who have read the 'true history' of Part One. This structure culminates in the episodes involving the Duke and Duchess, assiduous readers of Part One who concoct elaborate pranks at Quixote's and Sancho's expense. Consumed by their merrymaking, the Duke and Duchess reveal themselves to be quixotic in a peculiarly literary way: they ape Quixote's madness by miming his exaggerated imitation of literature. In this way, Part One, like the books of knight errantry that drive Quixote insane, becomes the stimulus for extravagant behaviour. This identification simultaneously celebrates and satirizes the popular reception and power of Cervantes's own work, which itself achieves a bizarre capacity to drive sane individuals to behavioural extremes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines integrity management initiatives designed to introduce more value-based elements in public bureaucracies. Incorporating value-based practices, which emphasize the personal ethical responsibilities of individual public servants, into a hierarchical, rule-based system may present difficult organizational problems. A central issue is to determine whether any change has actually occurred or whether the organization is simply functioning as it did previously. In addition, there are problems of implementation: new value-based initiatives may conflict with the pre-existing system; they may not be adequately reflected in training programs; and there may be differential impacts on departments and agencies. We analyze problems in this new organizational mix in a classical Weberian bureaucracy, the Hong Kong civil service. The findings are based on a 2011–2012 administrative ethics survey of 355 senior public servants, a separate survey of 70 Ethics Officers, and semi-structured interviews with 32 senior public servants. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In 1997, the results of an administrative ethics survey of senior Hong Kong public servants were reported in this journal. Using the same questionnaire in 2011, we assessed the ways in which values have changed in the intervening period. Despite major systemic reforms in the civil service, which has evolved from a classic Weberian to a neo-Weberian bureaucracy, organizational, rather than individual, values generally appear to have strengthened. The explanation seems to be that enhanced classical Weberian organizational values are not perceived to be incompatible with high standards of personal morality. Adherence to familiar Weberian bureaucratic principles also affords civil servants some protection in an environment in which their performance is increasingly subject to critical scrutiny by local politicians, the society, an ever-watchful media, and the Chinese government. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Este artículo pretende leer La vida es sueño contra el trasfondo epistemológico de la cambiante percepción de la naturaleza física del universo y la cuestión de la legitimidad de la físicamatemática para describirla, que tanto debate provocaba en las primeras décadas del siglo XVII. La obra maestra de Calderón se construye en diálogo crítico con este contexto filosófico, pues Basilio es tanto astrólogo como matemático. El desengaño final del Rey demuestra que el nuevo determinismo científico que se extendía cada vez más en la época, exagera la capacidad del hombre para interpretar de manera matemática, es decir, empírica y conclusiva, tanto los grandes signos celestiales como las más cotidianas señales de identidad personal. De esta manera, La vida es sueño desarrolla una semiótica inestable y dependiente de múltiples variables en constante proceso de cambio, realzando así la necesidad de una filosofía moral basada en la recta razón escolástica y capaz de abarcar todas las peripecias de una vida caótica y contingente. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

John Wesley's upbringing as an Anglican and his subsequent 'evangelical conversion' as a young adult played significant roles in his mature theological formation. This duality and tension is no where more present than in his baptismal theology. The article traces in Wesley the development of this dialectic and the role of baptism as a means of grace. It then investigates his understanding of both infant baptism and believer's baptism, and how both apply, but in somewhat differing ways, to his 'evangelical Anglican' theology. The Anglican Wesley seemed to argue consistently for infant baptism and the divine effects transmitted through the rite. Conversely, the evangelical Wesley subsequently underwent his Aldersgate 'conversion' whereby he insisted that every person must experience the New Birth by receiving the Holy Spirit in maturity as the effects of infant baptism are eclipsed by adult iniquity. While rebaptism was wholeheartedly rejected by Wesley, adults who had not heretofore been baptized should do so following their individual, evangelical experiences. However, the benefits of adult baptism differ from Wesley's Anglican paedobaptism and require the baptizand's receptivity in faith and holiness. Thus, Wesley is left with an objective grace in paedobaptism and an adult baptism contingent upon the subjective human response. The Anglican foundation of Wesley's faith, then, does not completely adhere to his later evangelical experientialism, producing a dialectical baptismal theology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an examination between the Reformation theologies of Martin Luther and Balthasar Hubmaier, analyzing the influences and interactions shared between them at the beginning of the 16th-century. Hubmaier's reading of Luther's sacramental theology is particularly addressed, citing ways in which Hubmaier took up Luther's arguments against the theologian Johannes Eck. The author also suggests that Hubmaier either misread or intentionally over-extended Luther's views to a more radical position.

In this article the author discusses the Baptist understanding of the nature of the ordained ministry and the history of the sources of authority on the subject that have come down through the years. The article also discusses the practice of an ordained Baptist minister in the present. Although most Baptists in North America today use the process of ordination for their ministers, the process is considered to be an installation procedure rather than a sacramental event. Historically, Baptists have always espoused the belief that all Christians, clergy and laity, are priests and share in the ministry of the church.

The article presents the first part of an exploration into the history of ordination and its theological interpretations in the Baptist tradition from the Reformation to the 20th century. An overview is given of the general views on clergy in Protestantism as contrasted with Roman Catholicism. The initial reforms and distinctions made by theologians Martin Luther and John Calvin are addressed. Further developments of the concept of ordination during the following centuries are also charted citing the views of Edward T. Hiscox, Andrew Fuller, and John Gill.

Ensuring that public service complaints are handled effectively and rights of redress upheld is an integral feature of good governance and effective service delivery. A review of the academic literature and a number of key government reports reveals what citizen complaint and redress systems exist currently, how they can be designed and enabled to operate with the greatest positive impact, and why they are important in holding public officials accountable for the use of discretionary decision-making authority. With the development of new public management (NPM) and public sector reforms in many jurisdictions, a consumerist model for handling complaints has come increasingly to the fore. When combined with the traditional citizenship perspective, this would appear to have considerable potential for improving complaints handling and redress. However, the consumerist model's narrow focus on customer satisfaction and the risk of weakening citizenship values such as fairness and social justice suggest a cautious approach may be best Public sector managers and professionals need an awareness of how public reform strategies oriented exclusively towards a strengthened consumer role do risk undermining important aspects of the complaints handling and redress strategies embedded in the 'rule of law' and 'due process' features of citizen-oriented public administration. Accountability may be weakened when service recipients are defined less in terms of their citizenship and more on the basis of a narrowly defined status as a marketplace consumer. This is a key implication of current trends by governments to rely increasingly on privatization, contracting-out and public-private partnerships to deliver services. Points for practitioners How well service complaints are handled is a key determinant of quality in the public services at both systemic and service-recipient levels. Procedures that are easily accessible, simple to invoke and operate, transparent, ensure stakeholders are kept informed, and sensitive to different social groups help build confidence in complaints handling and redress processes. However, as more public services are delivered by quasi-public and private organizations using contracting and sub-contracting arrangements, the challenge facing practitioners is how to ensure that citizen-centric values are maintained even as external review agencies like the Ombudsman and traditional accountability promoting procedures are replaced by narrower consumerist-oriented approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collaborative working through public-private partnerships, though not new, has become more common. Strong partnerships are built and sustained by norms of reliability consistent with the high levels of systemic trust that the principles of good governance encourage. This article examines two public-private partnerships in Hong Kong in which government actions have severely undermined the trust necessary for the public-private partnership model to work effectively. In the first case, the trust established through a long-standing government/civil society partnership in the delivery of school-based education has been dissipated by acrimonious public wrangling over the autonomy of the service providers. The second case focuses on a large-scale infrastructure project to build an arts hub on redeveloped land. Policy inconsistencies by the Hong Kong government, together with deep suspicions about the extent to which large, well-connected businesses have influenced the project's development, have seriously undermined the trust of arts community stakeholders and the general public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the health policy in Hong Kong, China. It discusses the economic and political context and significant features of the policy development process in the field of health care. It employs the residual/institutional model of policy analysis in examining the four health policy domains of hospitals, primary health care, Chinese medicine and occupational health and safety. It describes some of the changes in health care policy in the region and predicts the direction to which it is likely to take during the 1990s.

Background Asymptomatic bacteriuria is common in hospitalized patients with urinary catheters. Inappropriate urine culturing as part of reflexive response to fever contributes to unnecessary and excessive antibiotic use, selection for resistant organisms, increased risk for Clostridium difficile infections, and false elevation in catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) rates. This project aimed to implement an evidence-based urine culture algorithm in a 33-bed neurocritical care unit, a unit with a historically elevated CAUTI rate due to a high prevalence of noninfectious fever. Methods A multidisciplinary quality improvement project was initiated in August 2018 by the Infection Prevention, Quality and Safety, Neurocritical Care, Trauma, and Neurosurgery teams of an urban academic health center. The group implemented a urine culture algorithm that was adapted from the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guidelines that clearly highlighted appropriate indications for sending urine cultures. The team agreed to utilize a urinalysis with reflex to culture as the preferred method to evaluate for CAUTI. The algorithm was implemented in September 2018. Outcomes were compared for pre-implementation (March-August 2018) and post-implementation (September 2018–February 2019). Results The NHSN CAUTI rate decreased from 4.52/1,000 Foley days to 1.27/1,000 Foley days (P-value 0.037) as a result of the intervention. The number of urine cultures ordered decreased by 82% after implementation. No cases of bacteremia or mortality secondary to a urinary source were identified during the project. Total days of antibiotic therapy for the unit was similar between the pre- and post-implementation time periods (P = 0.631). Conclusion Implementation of a urine culture algorithm in a neurocritical care unit resulted in reduced CAUTI rate with less financial and operational waste in unnecessary orders and treatment, without resulting in adverse events to patients as a result of missed diagnosis. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An obituary for historian and translator H. Wayne Walker Pipkin, known for his work on Anabaptist history and sources, is presented.

Problems related to the combination of an arterial injury and a blunt fracture in the lower extremity are well known-delayed diagnosis, damaged soft tissue, and high amputation rate. The actual incidence of this injury pattern is, however, unknown. The purposes of this study were to determine the current incidence of named arterial injuries in patients with blunt fractures in the lower extremities and assess potential associated risk factors. This was a 7-year (2007-2013) retrospective review of patients ≥18 years with blunt lower extremity fractures at a Level I trauma center. Fracture location and concomitant arterial injury were determined and patients stratified by age, gender, and injury velocity. Low injury velocity was defined as falls or assaults, whereas an injury secondary to a motorized vehicle was defined as high velocity. A total of 4413 patients (mean age 52.2 years, 54.3% male, mean Injury Severity Score 13.1) were identified. Forty-six patients (1.04%) had arterial injuries (20.4% common femoral, 8.2% superficial femoral, 44.9% popliteal, and 26.5% shank). After stratifying by age and injury velocity, younger age was associated with a significantly higher rate of vascular injury. For high-velocity injuries, there was no difference based on age. In conclusion, the prevalence of arterial injury after blunt lower extremity fractures is 1.04 per cent in our study. A significant paradoxical relationship exists between age and associated arterial injuries in patients with low-velocity injuries. If these data are confirmed in future studies, a low index of suspicion in patients >55 years after falls is appropriate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To investigate reticulocyte hemglobin content (CHr) as a primary screening test to detect iron deficiency (ID) in healthy toddlers. Demographic and dietary risk factors associated with ID were studied for an association with low CHr.Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study of healthy toddlers aged 12 to 36 months coming to well-child visits at two military pediatric ambulatory clinics in the Washington, DC, area from August 2006 to November 2007. Data were collected on medical, demographic, and dietary intake by parental questionnaire. A sample of blood was drawn from each subject for complete blood count and CHr. A logistic regression model was used to determine which factors may be predictive of ID.Results: A total of 144 children were studied. An abnormal low CHr of 27.5 was identified in 18.8% of our toddler population. Two variables were determined to be independent predictors of low CHr; an age of 12 to 23 months and black race.Conclusions: Used alone as a primary screening marker, CHr identified a high prevalence of ID in our population of toddlers. Black race and younger age were associated with a lower CHr. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]