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A lattice structure is a typical high-strength lightweight material. In this work, the influence of materials, loading direction, gradient, and hybrid topology on the mechanical characteristics of lattice structures manufactured by additive manufacturing technology and the major factors determining lattice structure fatigue qualities are systematically reviewed. Additionally, studies focusing on the future direction of additively-manufactured lattice structures are presented, and prospective challenges with respect to designing and optimizing lattice structures are put forward. This review offers an advanced understanding of key factors affecting the mechanical properties of additively manufactured lattice structures and provides an indispensable basis for reliable applications of lattice structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Sheep diarrhea is one of the most common illnesses in sheep farming and diarrhea in sheep caused by E. coli occupies a significant proportion of them. E. coli F17 is one of the main members of E. coli causing diarrhea in sheep. This study is devoted to improving the resistance of sheep itself to E. coli F17. This study provides theoretical support for the solution of E. coli F17-caused diarrhea in sheep. Diarrhea is the most common issue in sheep farms, typically due to pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) infections, such as E. coli F17. microRNA, a primary type of non-coding RNA, has been shown to be involved in diarrhea caused by pathogenic E. coli. To elucidate the profound mechanisms of miRNA in E. coli F17 infections, methods such as E. coli F17 adhesion assay, colony counting assay, relative quantification of bacterial E. coli fimbriae gene expression, indirect immune fluorescence (IF), Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU), Western blotting (WB), and scratch assay were conducted to investigate the effect of miR-329b-5p overexpression/knock-down on E. coli F17 susceptibility of sheep intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). The findings indicated that miR-329b-5p enhances the E. coli F17 resistance of sheep IECs to E.coli F17 by promoting adhesion between E. coli F17 and IEC, as well as IEC proliferation and migration. In summary, miR-329b-5p plays a crucial role in the defense of sheep IECs against E. coli F17 infection, providing valuable insights into its mechanism of action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Numerous studies have revealed a tight connection between tumor development and the coagulation system. However, the effects of coagulation on the prognosis and tumor microenvironment (TME) of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remain poorly understood. Methods: We employed the consensus clustering method to characterize distinct molecular subtypes associated with coagulation patterns. Subsequently, we examined variations in the overall survival (OS), genomic profiles, and TME characteristics between these subtypes. To develop a prognostic coagulation‐related risk score (CRRS) model, we utilized the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression and stepwise multivariate Cox regression analyses. We also created a nomogram to aid in the clinical application of the risk score, evaluating the relationships between the CRRS and the immune microenvironment, responsiveness to immunotherapy, and targeted treatment. The clinical significance of PLAUR and its biological function in ccRCC were also further analyzed. Results: There were significant differences in clinical features, prognostic stratification, genomic variation, and TME characteristics between the two coagulation‐related subtypes. We established and validated a CRRS using six coagulation‐related genes that can be employed as an effective indicator of risk stratification and prognosis estimation for ccRCC patients. Significant variations in survival outcomes were observed between the high‐ and low‐risk groups. The nomogram was proficient in predicting the 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year OS. Additionally, the CRRS emerged as a novel tool for evaluating the clinical effectiveness of immunotherapy and targeted treatments in ccRCC. Moreover, we confirmed upregulated PLAUR expression in ccRCC samples that was significantly correlated with poor patient prognosis. PLAUR knockdown notably inhibited ccRCC cell proliferation and migration. Conclusion: Our data suggested that CRRS may be employed as a reliable predictive biomarker that can provide therapeutic benefits for immunotherapy and targeted therapy in ccRCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hyperspectral image (HSI) classification plays a key role in the field of earth observation missions. Recently, transformer-based approaches have been widely used for HSI classification due to their ability to model long-range sequences. However, these methods face two main challenges. First, they treat HSI as linear vectors, disregarding their 3D attributes and spatial structure. Second, the repeated concatenation of encoders leads to information loss and gradient vanishing. To overcome these challenges, we propose a new solution called the multi-level feature extraction network (MLFEN). MLFEN consists of two sub-networks: the hybrid convolutional attention module (HCAM) and the enhanced dense vision transformer (EDVT). HCAM incorporates a band shift strategy to eliminate the edge effect of convolution and utilizes hybrid convolutional blocks to capture the 3D properties and spatial structure of HSI. Additionally, an attention module is introduced to identify strongly discriminative features. EDVT reconfigures the organization of original encoders by incorporating dense connections and adaptive feature fusion components, enabling faster propagation of information and mitigating the problem of gradient vanishing. Furthermore, we propose a novel sparse loss function to better fit the data distribution. Extensive experiments conducted on three public datasets demonstrate the significant advancements achieved by MLFEN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

FecB (also known as BMPR1B) is a crucial gene in sheep reproduction, which has a mutation (A746G) that was found to increase the ovulation rate and litter size. The FecB mutation is associated with reproductive endocrinology, such mutation can control external estrous characteristics and affect follicle-stimulating hormone during the estrous cycle. Previous researches showed that the FecB mutation can regulate the transcriptomic profiles in the reproductive-related tissues including hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovary during the estrous cycle of small-tailed Han (STH) sheep. However, little research has been reported on the correlation between FecB mutation and the estrous cycle in STH sheep oviduct. To investigate the coding and noncoding transcriptomic profiles involved in the estrous cycle and FecB in the sheep oviduct, RNA sequencing was performed to analyze the transcriptomic profiles of mRNAs and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the oviduct during the estrous cycle of STH sheep with mutant (FecB BB) and wild-type (FecB ++) genotypes. In total, 21,863 lncRNAs and 43,674 mRNAs were screened, the results showed that mRNAs had significantly higher expression levels than the lncRNAs, and the expression levels of these screened transcripts were lower in the follicular phase than they were in the luteal phase. Among them, the oviductal glycoprotein gene (OVGP1) had the highest expression level. In the comparison between the follicular and luteal phases, 57 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs and 637 DE mRNAs were detected, including FSTL5 mRNA and LNC_016628 lncRNA. In the comparison between the FecB BB and FecB ++ genotypes, 26 DE lncRNAs and 421 DE mRNAs were detected, including EEF1D mRNA and LNC_006270 lncRNA. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes functional enrichment analysis indicated that the DE mRNAs were enriched mainly in terms related to reproduction such as the tight junction, SAGA complex, ATP-binding cassette, nestin, and Hippo signaling pathway. The interaction network between DE lncRNAs and DE mRNAs indicated that LNC_018420 may be the key regulator in sheep oviduct. Together, our results can provide novel insights into the oviductal transcriptomic function against a FecB mutation background in sheep reproduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performances of ventilation in the buildings with quadrate and cylindrical cross-sections are compared numerically. The incoming jet in the cylindrical unsheltered-building is more horizontal in comparison to the quadrate unsheltered-building. The dimensionless volume flow rates in the quadrate and cylindrical unsheltered-buildings are respectively 0.503 and 0.553. The incoming jet in the sheltered-buildings flows to the floors immediately. The velocity near the floor in the cylindrical sheltered-building is greater than that in the quadrate sheltered-building. The dimensionless volume flow rates in the quadrate and cylindrical sheltered-buildings are respectively 0.130 and 0.210.Comparing with the quadrate buildings, the ventilation rates in the cylindrical unsheltered and sheltered buildings increased by 10% and 61%.

The water crown deformation process of a liquid droplet oblique impacting a curved liquid film was simulated by using the coupled level-set and volume-of-fluid method. The morphological differences of the front and back sides of the water crown were compared. The jet sheet is thin and splash occurs at the front, while the crown sheet is stable and smooth at the back. The influence of impact angle on the shape of water crown is analyzed. Influence of impact angle on rear water crown height is quantified. The rim of the water crown presents an inclined line, and the variation of its inclination angle affected by the impact angle is studied. The position deviations of water crown cavities at different impact angles are investigated. With the decrease in impact angle, the spreading coefficient of the front side of the water crown cavity increases, while that of the back side decreases, and the displacement difference of the front water crown is smaller than that of the back water crown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]