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10. Does Geopolitics Have an Impact on Energy Trade? Empirical Research on Emerging Countries

Author

Li, Fen, Yang, Cunyi, Li, Zhenghui, and Failler, Pierre

Subjects
Economics - General Economics
Abstract

The energy trade is an important pillar of each country's development, making up for the imbalance in the production and consumption of fossil fuels. Geopolitical risks affect the energy trade of various countries to a certain extent, but the causes of geopolitical risks are complex, and energy trade also involves many aspects, so the impact of geopolitics on energy trade is also complex. Based on the monthly data from 2000 to 2020 of 17 emerging economies, this paper employs the fixed-effect model and the regression-discontinuity (RD) model to verify the negative impact of geopolitics on energy trade first and then analyze the mechanism and heterogeneity of the impact. The following conclusions are drawn: First, geopolitics has a significant negative impact on the import and export of the energy trade, and the inhibition on the export is greater than that on the import. Second, the impact mechanism of geopolitics on the energy trade is reflected in the lagging effect and mediating effect on the imports and exports; that is, the negative impact of geopolitics on energy trade continued to be significant 10 months later. Coal and crude oil prices, as mediating variables, decreased to reduce the imports and exports, whereas natural gas prices showed an increase. Third, the impact of geopolitics on energy trade is heterogeneous in terms of national attribute characteristics and geo-event types., Comment: 23 Pages,16 Tables, 8 Figures

Published
2021
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17. Embracing Nature-based Solutions to promote resilient marine and coastal ecosystems

Author

O'Leary, Bethan C., Fonseca, Catarina, Cornet, Cindy C., de Vries, Mindert B., Degia, A.Karima, Failler, Pierre, Furlan, Elisa, Garrabou, Joaquim, Gil, Artur, Hawkins, Julie P., Krause-Jensen, Dorte, Le Roux, Xavier, Peck, Myron A., Pérez, Géraldine, Queirós, Ana M., Różyński, Grzegorz, Sanchez-Arcilla, Agustín, Simide, Rémy, Sousa Pinto, Isabel, Trégarot, Ewan, and Roberts, Callum M.

Published
2023
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32. Blue Economy Financing Solutions for the Fisheries and Aquaculture Sectors of Caribbean Island States.

Author

Bennett, Michael, March, Antaya, and Failler, Pierre

Subjects
BLUE economy, AQUACULTURE, FISHERIES, REPAYMENTS, CONSCIOUSNESS raising
Abstract

This study reviews various financing solutions available for fisheries and aquaculture development in Caribbean small island developing states (SIDS) and Barbados, Grenada, and St. Vincent and the Grenadines. Previously identified financing needs within the fisheries and aquaculture sectors have been matched with the most suitable financing mechanisms. However, the use of blue levies is recommended and applicable in almost every scenario, as they allow these sectors to drive their own development in financing research and conservation projects to their own benefit. The use of "blue tokens" with sufficiently low repayment coupons allows development projects to gather public support for fisheries, thereby increasing the likelihood of the project being successful through community buy-in. The possibility of natural capital being traded as public equities as "Natural Asset Companies" provides the opportunity for development projects to fund themselves. The review concludes that natural capital can be leveraged as the base through which public-private partnerships (PPPs) can facilitate optimal delivery of ecosystem services, benefit multiple stakeholders, and provide numerous development opportunities. An enabling environment for debt and lending with low-interest loan repayments is also applicable to almost every scenario, as it facilitates access to capital finance for infrastructure development and the acquisition of increasingly sustainable fishing equipment. Steps towards generating an enabling environment for financing fisheries and aquaculture in the Caribbean region are also discussed. The establishment of dedicated financing institutions, PPPs, and sufficient data reporting infrastructure for the fisheries and aquaculture industry are essential for driving development in these sectors. Likely, the largest limiting factor in financing Caribbean fisheries and aquaculture industries is a lack of awareness of the range of finance and financing mechanisms available to stakeholders, as well as an enabling environment for financing blue Economy sectors. This review is thus intended to aid financing institutions, Blue Economy developers, and specifically Caribbean fisheries and aquaculture stakeholders and Caribbean governments by raising awareness of the financing mechanisms available, encourage the incorporation of their use in the fisheries and aquaculture industries in the Caribbean, and encourage policymakers to create an enabling environment for financing development in these crucial sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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40. A conceptual framework to help choose appropriate blue nature-based solutions

Author

de Juan, Silvia [0000-0002-8891-8371], Pérez, Géraldine, O'Leary, Bethan C., Allegri, Elena, Casal, Gema, Cornet, Cindy C., de Juan, Silvia, Failler, Pierre, Fredriksen, Stein, Fonseca, Catarina, Furlan, Elisa, Gil, Artur, Hawkins, Julie P., Maréchal, Jean-Philippe, McCarthy, Tim, Roberts, Callum M., Trégarot, Ewan, Geest, Matthijs van der, Simide, Rémy, de Juan, Silvia [0000-0002-8891-8371], Pérez, Géraldine, O'Leary, Bethan C., Allegri, Elena, Casal, Gema, Cornet, Cindy C., de Juan, Silvia, Failler, Pierre, Fredriksen, Stein, Fonseca, Catarina, Furlan, Elisa, Gil, Artur, Hawkins, Julie P., Maréchal, Jean-Philippe, McCarthy, Tim, Roberts, Callum M., Trégarot, Ewan, Geest, Matthijs van der, and Simide, Rémy

Abstract

Biodiversity loss and climate change have severely impacted ecosystems and livelihoods worldwide, compromising access to food and water, increasing disaster risk, and affecting human health globally. Nature-based Solutions (NbS) have gained interest in addressing these global societal challenges. Although much effort has been directed to NbS in urban and terrestrial environments, the implementation of NbS in marine and coastal environments (blue NbS) lags. The lack of a framework to guide decision-makers and practitioners through the initial planning stages appears to be one of the main obstacles to the slow implementation of blue NbS. To address this, we propose an integrated conceptual framework, built from expert knowledge, to inform the selection of the most appropriate blue NbS based on desired intervention objectives and social-ecological context. Our conceptual framework follows a four incremental steps structure: Step 1 aims to identify the societal challenge(s) to address; Step 2 highlights ecosystem services and the underlying biodiversity and ecological functions that could contribute to confronting the societal challenge(s); Step 3 identify the specific environmental context the intervention needs to be set within (e.g. the spatial scale the intervention will operate within, the ecosystem's vulnerability to stressors, and its ecological condition); and Step 4 provides a selection of potential blue NbS interventions that would help address the targeted societal challenge(s) considering the context defined through Step 3. Designed to maintain, enhance, recover, rehabilitate, or create ecosystem services by supporting biodiversity, the blue NbS intervention portfolio includes marine protection (i.e., fully, highly, lightly, and minimally protected areas), restorative activities (i.e., active, passive, and partial restoration; rehabilitation of ecological function and ecosystem creation), and other management measures (i.e., implementation and enforcement of

Published
2024

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