Search

Simple Summary: Monolepta is one of the largest groups in the subfamily Galerucinae, which has considerable ecological and economic significance. However, the lack of mitogenomic data for Monolepta limits our understanding of the taxonomy and phylogeny of this genus. Here, the completed mitogenomes of four Monolepta species were obtained using high-throughput sequencing technology. We compared the main features of newly sequenced mitogenomes, as well as the rate of evolution, base compositions, and relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) of the mitogenomes among Monolepta species. Furthermore, combined with all available mitochondrial genomes and ND1 data, the relationships of the section "Monoletites" at the suprageneric and species levels were explored. The section "Monoleptites" was proved to be a monophyletic group, while Monolepta was a non-monophyletic group. This study supported that the characteristic of "antennal segment 2 equals 3" of the true "Monolepta" evolved multiple times in several subgroups. This study will provide the basal data for further study of the taxonomy and phylogeny of Galerucinae. Monolepta is one of the diverse genera in the subfamily Galerucinae, including 708 species and 6 sub-species worldwide. To explore the information on the mitogenome characteristics and phylogeny of the section "Monoleptites", especially the genus Monolepta, we obtained the newly completed mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of four Monolepta species using high-throughput sequencing technology. The lengths of these four new mitochondrial genomes are 16,672 bp, 16,965 bp, 16,012 bp, and 15,866 bp in size, respectively. All four mitochondrial genomes include 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), and one control region, which is consistent with other Coleoptera. The results of the nonsynonymous with synonymous substitution rates showed that ND6 had the highest evolution rate, while COI displayed the lowest evolution rate. The substitution saturation of three datasets (13 PCGs_codon1, 13 PCGs_codon2, 13 PCGs_codon3) showed that there was no saturation across all datasets. Phylogenetic analyses based on three datasets (ND1, 15 genes of mitogenomes, and 13 PCGs_AA) were carried out using maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods. The results showed that mitogenomes had a greater capacity to resolve the main clades than the ND1 gene at the suprageneric and species levels. The section "Monoleptites" was proven to be a monophyletic group, while Monolepta was a non-monophyletic group. Based on ND1 data, the newly sequenced species whose antennal segment 2 was shorter than 3 were split into several clades, while, based on the mitogenomic dataset, the four newly sequenced species had close relationships with Paleosepharia. The species whose antennal segment 2 was as long as 3 were split into two clades, which indicated that the characteristic of "antennal segment 2 as long as 3" of the true "Monolepta" evolved multiple times in several subgroups. Therefore, to explore the relationships among the true Monolepta, the most important thing is to perform a thorough revision of Monolepta and related genera in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new family of indole-fused multi-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence materials have been developed, which exhibit narrowband blue emission with a small full width at half maximum of 22–23 nm. High maximum external quantum efficiencies of up to 16.8% have been achieved in organic light-emitting diodes. Furthermore, it is unveiled that peripheral substitutions can not only promote device efficiency but also help to maintain narrowband emission under high dopant concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the remarkable synthetic accomplishments in creating diverse polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with B−N bonds (BN‐PAHs), their optoelectronic applications have been less exploited. Herein, we report the achievement of high‐mobility organic semiconductors based on existing BN‐PAHs through a "periphery engineering" strategy. Tetraphenyl‐ and diphenyl‐substituted BN‐anthracenes (TPBNA and DPBNA, respectively) are designed and synthesized. DPBNA exhibits the highest hole mobility of 1.3 cm2 V−1 s−1 in organic field‐effect transistors, significantly outperforming TPBNA and all the reported BN‐PAHs. Remarkably, this is the first BN‐PAH with mobility over 1 cm2 V−1 s−1, which is a benchmark value for practical applications as compared with amorphous silicon. Furthermore, high‐performance phototransistors based on DPBNA are also demonstrated, implying the high potential of BN‐PAHs for optoelectronic applications when the "periphery engineering" strategy is implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: As one of the non-pharmacological interventions to control the transmission of COVID-19, determining the quarantine duration is mainly based on the accurate estimates of the incubation period. However, patients with coarse information of the exposure date, as well as infections other than the symptomatic, were not taken into account in previously published studies. Thus, by using the statistical method dealing with the interval-censored data, we assessed the quarantine duration for both common and uncommon infections. The latter type includes the presymptomatic, the asymptomatic and the recurrent test positive patients. Methods: As of 10 December 2020, information on cases have been collected from the English and Chinese databases, including Pubmed, Google scholar, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) and Wanfang. Official websites and medias were also searched as data sources. All data were transformed into doubly interval-censored and the accelerated failure time model was applied. By estimating the incubation period and the time-to-event distribution of worldwide COVID-19 patients, we obtain the large percentiles for determining and suggesting the quarantine policies. For symptomatic and presymptomatic COVID-19 patients, the incubation time is the duration from exposure to symptom onset. For the asymptomatic, we substitute the date of first positive result of nucleic acid testing for that of symptom onset. Furthermore, the time from hospital discharge or getting negative test result to the positive recurrence has been calculated for recurrent positive patients. Results: A total of 1920 laboratory confirmed COVID-19 cases were included. Among all uncommon infections, 34.1% (n = 55) of them developed symptoms or were identified beyond fourteen days. Based on all collected cases, the 95th and 99th percentiles were estimated to be 16.2 days (95% CI 15.5–17.0) and 22.9 days (21.7‒24.3) respectively. Besides, we got similar estimates based on merely symptomatic and presymptomatic infections as 15.1 days (14.4‒15.7) and 21.1 days (20.0‒22.2). Conclusions: There are a certain number of infected people who require longer quarantine duration. Our findings well support the current practice of the extended active monitoring. To further prevent possible transmissions induced and facilitated by such infectious outliers after the 14-days quarantine, properly prolonging the quarantine duration could be prudent for high-risk scenarios and in regions with insufficient test resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Superhydrophobic radiative cooling film of cellulose acetate/SiO 2 was fabricated. • The superhydrophobic self-cleaning prevents the film from pollution and wetting. • The film achieved a sub-ambient cooling effect of 14.1℃ under direct sunlight. • The film shows sustainability in both raw materials and outdoor applications. Cooling materials oriented to outdoor applications should provide not only high solar light reflectivity and strong thermal emissivity but also durable resistance to rain flushing. Herein, we propose a radiative cooling porous film of cellulose acetate and SiO 2 with solar reflectivity of 98.6 % and infrared emissivity of 97 %. The film achieved cooling performance with average temperature drop of 14.1 °C, showing strong cooling performance. And it is superhydrophobic with water contact angle of 166.6°, enabling it to be self-cleaned by water and stabilized to rain flushing. The self-cleaning of the film could mitigate dust pollution on the material in outdoor applications and prevent the surface from wetting in outdoor applications which sustain the radiative cooling. This work paved a way to non-wettable self-cleaning radiative cooling films using naturally evolved materials for sustainable applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]