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Abstract Multiple techniques including high performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and pre-column derivatization high-performance liquid chromatography (PCD-HPLC) were applied to the fingerprint analysis of the polysaccharides from Sarcandra glabra (SGPs) in different regions. Chemometrics was used to evaluate the similarity and differences of SGPs from different regions based on their fingerprints. The results of the present study showed that polysaccharides from 18 batches of Sarcandra glabra had a high degree of similarity based on the HPSEC, PCD-HPLC, and FT-IR fingerprints. The samples from different regions could be classified by clustering analysis based on their nuances. The five monosaccharides (Gal, Rha, Xyl, GlcA, and Glc) and the wavelengths of FT-IR (3371 cm−1 and 1411 cm−1) could be selected as herb markers for the quality control of Sarcandra glabra. Highlights • Sarcandra glabra polysaccharides (SGPs) from different locations were compared by multiplex fingerprint and chemometrics analysis. • Standard fingerprints were established and could be used in quality control of SGPs and related products. • Five monosaccharides could be selected as herb-markers for Sarcandra glabra polysaccharides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the clinical success of immune checkpoint blockade, only a subset of people exhibits durable responses, suggesting that an alternative immunotherapeutic strategy is required. This paper reported a two-in-one cancer vaccine that targets programmed death ligand 1 (PDL1) that blocks the PD1/PDL1 pathway and also activates antitumor immune response. The PDL1- NitraTh vaccine, which consists of the extracellular domain of PDL1 and nitrated T cell epitope, effectively broke the immune tolerance of PDL1 and elicited PDL1-specific humoral and cellular immunity. The treatment of PDL1-NitraTh exhibited potent antitumor activity. Moreover, immunization of PDL1 vaccine increased the infiltration of tumor lymphocytes and decreased the proportion of Treg cells in tumor tissues, suggesting that the vaccine may remodel the tumor microenvironment. The upregulation of PDL1 in tumor tissues was induced by PDL1-NitraTh vaccine but not in spleen and lymphomas. This upregulation of PDL1 is beneficial to the antitumor activity of PDL1-specific humoral and cellular immunity induced by PDL1-NitraTh. In summary, PDL1-targeted vaccine exhibits potent antitumor activity and may provide an alternative immunotherapy strategy for patients who are not sensitive to PDL1 antibody drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]