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BORON is a lightweight substitution–permutation network cipher proposed in 2017. We reduce the number of guessed key bits by key-bridging technology and first utilize Fast Walsh Transform on BORON to minimize the time complexity. Finally, this paper gives the better key-recovery attack against block cipher BORON than previously proposed by 2 rounds: we realize a 11-round key-recovery attack on BORON-80 and 13-round key-recovery attack on BORON-128. The attacks proposed in this paper are the best attacks against BORON-80/128 to date. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vessel segmentation in optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is crucial for the detection and diagnosis of various eye diseases. However, it is hard to distinguish intricate vessel morphology and quantify the density of blood vessels due to the large variety of vessel sizes, significant background noise, and small datasets. To this end, a retinal angiography multi-scale segmentation network, integrated with the inception and squeeze-and-excitation modules, is proposed to address the above challenges under the one-shot learning paradigm. Specifically, the inception module extends the receptive field and extracts multi-scale features effectively to handle diverse vessel sizes. Meanwhile, the squeeze-and-excitation module modifies channel weights adaptively to improve the vessel feature extraction ability in complex noise backgrounds. Furthermore, the one-shot learning paradigm is adapted to alleviate the problem of the limited number of images in existing retinal OCTA vascular datasets. Compared with the classic U2-Net, the proposed model gains improvements in the Dice coefficient, accuracy, precision, recall, and intersection over union by 3.74%, 4.72%, 8.62%, 4.87%, and 4.32% respectively. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed one-shot learning method is an effective solution for retinal angiography image segmentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Demirci–Selçuk meet-in-the-middle (DS-MITM) attack is an effective method for cryptanalysis. As far as we know, the published automatic results of DS-MITM attack are all for byte-oriented ciphers. In this article, we first propose the automatic analysis method of DS-MITM attack for bit-oriented ciphers based on constraint programming, which is integrated with key-bridging technique. Based on the automatic modeling method, we propose the first result of DS-MITM attack on SIMON, which is a family of lightweight block ciphers proposed by the National Security Agency (NSA) in 2013. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have clarified that there are certain regularities in the spatial organization of traditional Chinese rural market towns as viewed from the perspective of the economic geography and local society. Nevertheless, the results of some studies concerning distribution patterns and factors influencing these patterns are contradictory, and there are few comprehensive analyses of the influence of interconnected variables. Taishan County in the Pearl River Delta of Guangdong Province is used as an example, and the results of the identification of the distribution pattern of market towns within this county are determined as clustered by using the Voronoi method and the calculated coefficients of variation (Cv). The correlation between the market towns and the physical and social environment is quantified and illustrated through Geographic Information Systems (GIS), logistic regression analysis, and graphic methods, and the application of nuclear density change rates clarifies the development trajectory, which explains the phenomenon of market town clustering with ecological and cultural significance. Overall, the results indicate traditional preferences for sites characterized by low elevation, little slope, proximity to water, and productive agricultural land, while at the local scale, the spatial–temporal arrangement of market towns reflects partitioning and interactions between distinct clans. Further integrating the perspective of environmental history, we propose that the structural relationships of natural ecology, subsistence mode, and social organization crucially constitute the site selection and layout logic of market towns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quality checks are important to ensure the accuracy and reliability of spatial data. However, current methods primarily focus on attributes and geometric information, and methods to verify the accuracy of land-type classification for vector patches are lacking. Therefore, in this paper, we proposed a framework for the automatic verification of the land type of vector patches, including the segmentation of complex vector patches, automatic acquisition of training samples, and automatic extraction of suspicious patches based on deep learning scene interpretation results. First, an innovative method for segmentation based on an oriented bounding box was proposed. Then, scene interpretation from the segmented processing units was performed. Finally, the scene interpretation results and the original data for vector patches were combined, and segmentation units that do not match the category information were automatically identified. The suspicious patches were extracted, and the land-type authenticity of vector patches was automatically checked. Experimental results showed that, in the study area, the accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 values for the model based on first-level land categories were 0.989, 0.842, 0.906, and 0.873, respectively, and those for second-level land categories were 0.994, 0.770, 0.891, and 0.826, respectively. Accordingly, the newly developed method provides reliable technical support for checking the land-type authenticity of vector patches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of cryogenic plastic pre-strain (15 %, 30 %, and 45 % true strain) on the hydrogen embrittlement (HE) of an equimolar FeNiCoCrMn high-entropy alloy was studied through slow strain rate tension (SSRT) at 1 × 10−5 s−1. As the pre-strain increased, ductility loss under harsh electrochemical hydrogen charging showed a downward trend accompanied by the promotion of hydrogen adsorption. This work provided an effective strategy for achieving the synergy of high strength and improved HE resistance. The raw/processed data required to reproduce these findings cannot be shared at this time as the data is related to an ongoing study. [Display omitted] • Cryogenic pre-straining makes effective strengthening. • Hydrogen embrittlement is greatly alleviated in highly pre-strained FeNiCoCrMn. • The deformation twins act as stronger hydrogen traps than the dislocations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The low yield strength (~300 MPa) of twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steels greatly limits their structural applications in the industrial field. Conventional strengthening mechanisms usually cause an enhancement of yield strength but also a severe loss of ductility. In this research, gradient substructures were introduced in the Fe-22Mn-0.6C TWIP steels by different pre-torsional deformation in order to overcome the above limitations. The substructure evolution, mechanical properties, and their origins in gradient-substructured (GS) TWIP steels were measured and compared by electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD), monotonous and loading-unloading-reloading (LUR) tensile tests. It was found that a simple torsional treatment could prepare gradient twins and dislocations in coarse-grained TWIP steel samples depending on torsional strain. The uniaxial tensile tests indicated that a superior combination of high yield strength, high ultimate strength, and considerable ductility was simultaneously obtained in the GS samples. The high yield strength and high ultimate tensile strength were attributed to synergetic strengthening mechanisms, viz., dislocation strengthening, due to the accumulation of high density of dislocations, and very high back stress strengthening due to gradient substructure distribution, which was accommodated through pile-ups of extra geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs) across the sample-scale. Additionally, high ductility originated from gradient substructure-induced back stress hardening. The present study is also beneficial to the design efforts of high strength and high ductility of other heterogeneous-structured TWIP alloy systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate extraction of buildings using high spatial resolution imagery is essential to a wide range of urban applications. However, it is difficult to extract semantic features from a variety of complex scenes (e.g., suburban, urban and urban village areas) because various complex man-made objects usually appear heterogeneous with large intra-class and low inter-class variations. The automatic extraction of buildings is thus extremely challenging. The fully convolutional neural networks (FCNs) developed in recent years have performed well in the extraction of urban man-made objects due to their ability to learn state-of-the-art features and to label pixels end-to-end. One of the most successful FCNs used in building extraction is U-net. However, the commonly used skip connection and feature fusion refinement modules in U-net often ignore the problem of feature selection, and the ability to extract smaller buildings and refine building boundaries needs to be improved. In this paper, we propose a trainable chain fully convolutional neural network (CFCN), which fuses high spatial resolution unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images and the digital surface model (DSM) for building extraction. Multilevel features are obtained from the fusion data, and an improved U-net is used for the coarse extraction of the building. To solve the problem of incomplete extraction of building boundaries, a U-net network is introduced by chain, which is used for the introduction of a coarse building boundary constraint, hole filling, and "speckle" removal. Typical areas such as suburban, urban, and urban villages were selected for building extraction experiments. The results show that the CFCN achieved recall of 98.67%, 98.62%, and 99.52% and intersection over union (IoU) of 96.23%, 96.43%, and 95.76% in suburban, urban, and urban village areas, respectively. Considering the IoU in conjunction with the CFCN and U-net resulted in improvements of 6.61%, 5.31%, and 6.45% in suburban, urban, and urban village areas, respectively. The proposed method can extract buildings with higher accuracy and with clearer and more complete boundaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a study of automatic design of neural network achitectures for skeleton-based action recognition. Specifically, we encode a skeleton-based action instance into a tensor and carefully define a set of operations to build two types of network cells: normal cells and reduction cells. The recently developed DARTS (Differentiable Architecture Search) is adopted to search for an effective network architecture that is built upon the two types of cells. All operations are 2D based in order to reduce the overall computation and search space. Experiments on the challenging NTU RGB+D and Kinectics datasets have verified that most of the networks developed to date for skeleton-based action recognition are likely not compact and efficient. The proposed method provides an approach to search for such a compact network that is able to achieve comparative or even better performance than the state-of-the-art methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The origins of back stress strengthening were investigated in Fe-22Mn-0.6C and Fe-22Mn-0.6C-3Al TWIP steels. In contrast to reports found in literature, this study revealed that the high back stress developed in these steels is primarily caused by pile-ups of high density of geometrically necessary dislocations near the grain boundary regions rather than at deformation twins. • Back stress in 22Mn0.6C and 22Mn0.6C3Al TWIP steels was compared using LUR tests. • GND distributions across microstructure of steels were determined using EBSD data. • Deformation twins were less effective for GND accumulation than grain boundaries. • Deformation twins were not leading features responsible for high back stress. • High back stress originated from pile-ups of high GNDs near grain boundary regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]