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The site of a Beaker burial excavated in Levens Park, Cumbria was published by David Sturdy in 1972 as that of a farmstead or place for the living altered into a ring cairn or place for the dead. However, the recent discovery of the excavation archive and contemporary correspondence reveals a far more complex monument than previously understood. We draw attention to a series of important omissions from the excavation report, provide a detailed account of the excavated monument and seek to create a new narrative regarding its development and purpose. We argue that the monument was built as a series of changing structures and demonstrates the idea of monuments in progress and, thereby, the creation of communal memory and identity. The absence of a full report of this excavation means that its wider significance has remained unknown. It represents one of the earliest examples of what Sturdy called 'rescue archaeology' and demonstrates a complex sequence of structural components and burial that contributes to our understanding of the Early Bronze Age. The broader archaeological appraisal of Levens Park, which provided the context for this excavation, represents one of the earlier examples of landscape archaeological survey in Britain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Palaeoproterozoic Granites-Tanami Province in Western Australia and the Northern Territory contains numerous significant gold deposits, but recent exploration for additional deposits has been hampered by deep weathering of the basement and extensive Tertiary and Quaternary cover. Biogeochemical exploration has rarely been attempted in this environment, with soil sampling and drilling being the principal exploration methods. This paper outlines the methodology and results of a biogeochemical exploration programme utilizing Triodia pungens (soft spinifex), a perennial, hummockforming grass, widely found throughout much of arid and semi-arid Australia. The species possesses several attributes which make it suitable for biogeochemical exploration, being ubiquitous in the area, readily harvested and capable of the uptake of trace elements useful in geochemistry. Systematic sampling has been undertaken at 50 m intervals on widely spaced lines over several prospect areas. Collection of large samples from several plants at each sample station is desirable to try to obtain a representative sample. Initial multi-element analytical work utilizing small samples (c. 2.5 g) of dried and shredded vegetation did not allow sufficient resolution of anomalies, with most results for Au and Pt being below detection levels. However, preconcentration by ashing of substantially larger samples (c. 30 g) has allowed anomaly thresholds for those elements to be more readily defined. The species displays extensive geochemical variability for precious metals, pathfinders, base metals and major cations suggesting it offers much promise as a sampling medium. Test sampling traverses across known gold occurrences confirm the effectiveness of the technique in areas of thick cover sequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A biography of British landscape artist John Baker Smith. The author is primarily concerned with solidifying Smith's identity and correcting the belief that the artist's name was John Brandon Smith. Smith was born in Royston, England, in 1837 and married in his first wife 1856. He had a number of children and died in Twickenham, England, in 1896. The author explains the origin of the name Brandon and confusion between Smith and watercolourist James Burrell Smith.

We show that the variety of weakly representable relation algebras is neither canonical nor closed under Monk completions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is known that for all finite n ≤ 5, there are relation algebras with n-dimensional relational bases but no weak representations. We prove that conversely, there are finite weakly representable relation algebras with no n-dimensional relational bases. In symbols: neither of the classes RAn and wRRA contains the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We study hybrid logics with nominals and ‘actuality’ operators . We recall the method of ten Cate, Marx, and Viana to simulate hybrid logic using modalities and ‘nice’ frames, and we show that the hybrid logic of a class of frames is the modal logic of the class of its corresponding nice frames. We also extend this definition to ‘fairly nice frames’, to capture their closure under disjoint union. Using these results, we show how to axiomatize the hybrid logic of any elementary class of frames. Then we study quasimodal logics, which are hybrid logics axiomatized by modal axioms together with basic hybrid axioms common to any hybrid logic, using only orthodox inference rules. We show that the hybrid logic of any elementary modally definable class of frames, or of any elementary class of frames closed under disjoint unions, bounded morphic images, ultraproducts and generated subframes, is quasimodal. We also show that the hybrid analogues of modal logics studied by McKinsey–Lemmon and Hughes are quasimodal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A cylindric algebra atom structure is said to be strongly representable if all atomic cylindric algebras with that atom structure are representable. This is equivalent to saying that the full complex algebra of the atom structure is a representable cylindric algebra. We show that for any finite n ≥ 3, the class of all strongly representable n-dimensional cylindric algebra atom structures is not closed under ultraproducts and is therefore not elementary. Our proof is based on the following construction. From an arbitrary undirected, loop-free graph Γ. we construct an n-dimensional atom structure 퓒(Γ), and prove, for infinite Γ. that 퓒(Γ) is a strongly representable cylindric algebra atom structure if and only if the chromatic number of Γ is infinite. A construction of Erdös shows that there are graphs Γk (k < ω) with infinite chromatic number, but having a non-principal ultraproduct ΠD Γk whose chromatic number is just two. It follows that 퓒(Γk) is strongly representable (each k < ω) but ΠD 퓒 (Γk) is not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider a modal language for affine planes, with two sorts of formulas (for points and lines) and three modal boxes. To evaluate formulas, we regard an affine plane as a Kripke frame with two sorts (points and lines) and three modal accessibility relations, namely the point-line and line-point incidence relations and the parallelism relation between lines. We show that the modal logic of affine planes in this language is not finitely axiomatisable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]