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Objetivos: Iniciar un nuevo servicio remunerado para el control y cribado de factores de riesgo cardiovascular, promocionándolo mediante una novedosa campaña de marketing. Conocer el nivel de riesgo cardiovascular de nuestros usuarios, así como de algunos de sus principales factores modificables asociados. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional transversal en usuarios adultos que solicitaron participar en la campaña. Esta se denominó “First Date: una cita con tu corazón” (haciendo alusión todos sus materiales al conocido programa televisivo) y se ofreció a los pacientes un Menú Especial a 12€ compuesto por un Entrante (Perímetro abdominal, IMC, PA y Toma de pulso), Plato Principal (Colesterol total y Edad Vascular) y Postre (nivel RCV). Resultados: Realizamos 34 menús: edad media 57,8 años y 53% de mujeres. Encontramos valores por encima de los límites normales, en (% de la población total): perímetro abdominal (50%), IMC (18% sobrepeso y 5% obesidad), colesterol total (70,6%), VOP (23,5%) y PAS (14,7% PAS). Respecto a la PAD se encontraron diferencias significativas entre ambos sexos: 70.0 ± 2.0 mmHg en mujeres y 83.1 ± 3.2 mmHg en hombres (**p=0.0012 t test). También se encontraron diferencias entre sexos en el hábito tabáquico (el 75% de los fumadores eran hombres) y de consumo de alcohol (el 72,7% de consumidores habituales eran hombres). El 29,4% de la población tenían RCV medio y el 20,6% elevado. Encontramos pulso irregular sin diagnóstico previo en el 11,8% de pacientes (2 hombres y 2 mujeres). Se realizaron 4 derivaciones al médico, 7 derivaciones para control de PA en la farmacia, 26 recomendaciones sobre dieta y ejercicio, 6 recomendaciones sobre tabaco y 3 intervenciones en adherencia. Conclusiones: Ayudados por la campaña de marketing, se consiguió comunicar e iniciar adecuadamente nuestro servicio profesional (remunerado) de cribado y control de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Los valores encontrados en nuestra población tienen un margen de mejora elevado, sobre todo en cuanto a los niveles de PAD, colesterol total, perímetro abdominal y nivel de RCV.

Dark fermentation holds great promise as a game-changing strategy in the field of biological hydrogen generation. With its ability to utilize a diverse range of organic feedstocks as a starting material, it offers the added advantage of waste valorization. Despite this, it has long been plagued by a low yield of hydrogen production when compared to traditional thermochemical processes. Recently, researchers have explored the use of nanoparticles as a means of intensifying the fermentation process. In this paper, the latest research on the use of metallic additives in dark fermentation, with a specific focus on naturally magnetic additives such as iron, nickel, and cobalt, is critically reviewed. The influence of these additives on the hydrogen generation process and the mechanisms that make it all happen are evaluated in detail. Optimal dosages for each additive type are also explored based on previous research. Finally, insightful suggestions for future research in this field are put forth. The conclusion is drawn that metal nanoparticles with natural magnetism, such as Fe, Ni, and Co, can improve hydrogen production, process stability, system start-up, and substrate utilization in dark fermentation. However, further research is needed to address various issues, including optimal dosage, operating conditions, microbial population dynamics, use of unconventional substrates, metal toxicity, morphology of metal additives, and potential risks generated by metals that remain in the system after fermentation. The exploration of combining several additives with complementary characteristics or properties is also proposed as an interesting line of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Climate change has compounding effects on development, including direct and indirect impacts on food systems and human health. In the Pacific Islands region, the incidence of non-communicable diseases is among the highest in the world. Additionally, in policy documents, climate change features prominently among the issues most responsible for hindering development in the Pacific. Global discussions are now shifting towards a greater understanding and emphasis on the links between climate change, food systems, nutrition, health, and development. While these links are increasingly appreciated in research and practice, there is a need to understand which types of policy frameworks are best suited to address these issues in an integrated manner. This study was conducted by analyzing policy alignment and coherence in national level strategic planning instruments (policies, plans, and strategies) for two countries in the Pacific Islands region: Fiji and Vanuatu. Documents in the policy domains of development, agriculture, nutrition, health, and climate change were assessed to identify evidence of vertical (national to local), horizontal (between sectors), and integration across different thematic policy approaches (e.g. between economic development sustainable development approaches). By deconstructing the aims of different planning approaches and documents, and by mapping the relationships among them, it is possible to identify opportunities and gaps in the policy architecture that could be addressed in future planning cycles. The study identifies that policy alignment and coherence need to be explicitly addressed in the policy and planning design stage and included in monitoring and evaluation frameworks. The study also highlights the lag in the design and implementation of comprehensive food and nutrition security strategies in both countries and these lags can be linked to policy solutions for agriculture, health, and climate change. Key policy insights There is a need to explicitly consider policy alignment in the design stages of the policy cycle and set policy coherence as an explicit outcome to also be included in monitoring and evaluation frameworks. A lack of consideration of vertical, horizontal, and approach integration in planning and policy processes can lead to failures in the implementation of climate policy, thus delaying countries' efforts towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Pacific Island countries have an opportunity to work towards use of policy frameworks that are able to provide comprehensive responses to the compounding effects of climate change on food systems, diets, health, and, more broadly, on development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional logic behind effective microorganism is based on a media inoculation with mixed cultures of beneficial microorganisms to create a more favorable environment for plant growth and health when the media is the soil. Following this rationale, other research works have been focused on studying the effect of effective microorganisms when they are used as manure stabilizing agents, in some cases by including them in animal diets, reporting, in all cases, beneficial properties. However, the use of effective microorganisms is not yet widespread. One reason may be that no rigorous research has so far been done on the actual utility of these mixed cultures on manure stabilization and crop production. In this work, the potential uses of effective microorganisms are shown with the focus on evaluating the influence of these mixed cultures on the biostabilization of manure before its use as fertilizer. This work also presents some new perspectives on the role and application of effective microorganisms as microbial inoculants to achieve a microbiological balance of manure so that it can improve its quality, increasing production and protection of crops when applied as fertilizer, helping to conserving natural resources and creating a more sustainable agriculture and environment. Finally, this document also reviews strategies on how to improve the effect of effective microorganisms after their inoculation into the soil as part of the manure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Los espacios periurbanos del área metropolitana de Santiago son el escenario de importantes transformaciones sociales, demográficas y territoriales, que se manifiestan en nuevas modalidades de ocupación del territorio rural. En este proceso de expansión de la metrópoli la función residencial es el principal motor de cambio. Tanto las viviendas en parcelas de agrado, individuales o agrupadas en condominio, como las soluciones habitacionales de carácter social, impulsadas por el Estado, contribuyen a dibujar la forma en que los asentamientos humanos se establecen en el territorio. A partir del estudio de las comunas de Pirque, Calera de Tango, Padre Hurtado y Lampa, se efectúa una lectura del nuevo diseño socio espacial que generan dichas agrupaciones residenciales.

The inclusion of fresh forages into dairy cows' diets during the winter can represent economic and nutritional benefits but can affect cows' metabolic function. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of using fresh berseem clover/oat (MIX), fresh lucerne (LEG) and hay/silage (CON) as forage basis for total mixed ration during the winter period on dairy cows' rumen characteristics and N metabolism. Three non-lactating rumen-cannulated cows were allocated to each diet for a 14-day period in a 3 × 3 Latin Square design. Sample collection occurred on the last 3 days of each period. Rumen fluid samples were analysed for pH, volatile fatty acids and N-ammonium contents. In situ forage nutrients degradability were evaluated by ruminal incubation. Serum, urine and faecal samples were collected and analysed for N content. Cows had similar feed intakes. No major changes were observed in rumen characteristics, but LEG led to greater ruminal N-ammonium and ammonium ureic N contents. Fresh pasture diets reduced the daily urine ureic N. The fresh forages improved the ruminal kinetics of dry matter and crude protein. The forage nutrients' effective degradability was greater for the fresh pasture diets than for CON. Overall, inclusion of fresh forages had minor effects on ruminal parameters, but the use of the MIX diet represents a suitable option in terms of N use efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Las tendencias recientes de expansión Metropolitana en Santiago están marcadas por el diseño de grandes proyectos inmobiliarios que se comienzan a reproducir bajo la modalidad de ciudades valladas. A través del estudio del marco jurídico que ha dado a lugar a dichas intervenciones y del análisis de los primeros proyectos en marcha, la interrogante principal del trabajo apunta a confrontar si este tipo de emprendimientos es sólo una variante más de lo que son los barrios cerrados actuales o bien si ellos corresponden a las nuevas ciudades del futuro.

We present new transit observations of the hot Jupiter WASP-74 b (Teq ~ 1860 K) using the high-resolution spectrograph HARPS-N and the multi-colour simultaneous imager MuSCAT2. We refined the orbital properties of the planet and its host star and measured its obliquity for the first time. The measured sky-projected angle between the stellar spin-axis and the orbital axis of the planet is compatible with an orbit that is well-aligned with the equator of the host star (λ = 0.77 ± 0.99 deg). We are not able to detect any absorption feature of Hα or any other atomic spectral features in the high-resolution transmission spectra of this source owing to low S/N at the line cores. Despite previous claims regarding the presence of strong optical absorbers such as TiO and VO gases in the atmosphere of WASP-74 b, new ground-based photometry combined with a reanalysis of previously reported observations from the literature show a slope in the low-resolution transmission spectrum that is steeper than expected from Rayleigh scattering alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the discovery and characterisation of two transiting planets observed by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) orbiting the nearby (d⋆ ≈ 22 pc), bright (J ≈ 9 mag) M3.5 dwarf LTT 3780 (TOI–732). We confirm both planets and their association with LTT 3780 via ground-based photometry and determine their masses using precise radial velocities measured with the CARMENES spectrograph. Precise stellar parameters determined from CARMENES high-resolution spectra confirm that LTT 3780 is a mid-M dwarf with an effective temperature of Teff = 3360 ± 51 K, a surface gravity of log g⋆ = 4.81 ± 0.04 (cgs), and an iron abundance of [Fe/H] = 0.09 ± 0.16 dex, with an inferred mass of M⋆ = 0.379 ± 0.016M⊙ and a radius of R⋆ = 0.382 ± 0.012R⊙. The ultra-short-period planet LTT 3780 b (Pb = 0.77 d) with a radius of 1.35−0.06+0.06 ${1.35^{+0.06}_{-0.06}}$ 1.35 − 0.06 + 0.06 R⊕, a mass of 2.34−0.23+0.24 ${2.34^{+0.24}_{-0.23}}$ 2.34 − 0.23 + 0.24 M⊕, and a bulk density of 5.24−0.81+0.94 $5.24^{+0.94}_{-0.81}$ 5.24 − 0.81 + 0.94 g cm−3 joins the population of Earth-size planets with rocky, terrestrial composition. The outer planet, LTT 3780 c, with an orbital period of 12.25 d, radius of 2.42−0.10+0.10 ${2.42^{+0.10}_{-0.10}}$ 2.42 − 0.10 + 0.10 R⊕, mass of 6.29−0.61+0.63 ${6.29^{+0.63}_{-0.61}}$ 6.29 − 0.61 + 0.63 M⊕, and mean density of 2.45−0.37+0.44 ${2.45^{+0.44}_{-0.37}}$ 2.45 − 0.37 + 0.44 g cm−3 belongs to the population of dense sub-Neptunes. With the two planets located on opposite sides of the radius gap, this planetary system is anexcellent target for testing planetary formation, evolution, and atmospheric models. In particular, LTT 3780 c is an ideal object for atmospheric studies with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pasture management that considers pasture growth dynamics remains an open question. Conceptually, such management must allow for grazing only after the recuperation of the pasture between two separate timely grazing periods when pasture reaches optimum recovery, as per the first law of Voisin's rational grazing system. The optimum recovery period not only implies a pasture with better nutritional value and higher biomass yield but one that also reduces the production of enteric methane (CH4) to improve the grazing efficiency of cattle. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate three different recovery periods (RP) of mixed grasses on the grazing behaviour of heifers, as well as herbage selectivity, herbage yield and nutritional value, in vitro degradability and CH4 production. Based on these criteria, three pasture RPs of 24 (RP24), 35 (RP3) and 46 (RP46) days were evaluated in six blocks using a randomized block design. At each predetermined RP, samples of the pasture were taken before the animals were allowed to graze. Right after collecting the pasture samples, heifers accessed the pasture during 4 h consecutively for grazing simulation and behavioural observations. We also measured the bite rate of each animal. The pasture growing for 24 days had the highest biomass production, best nutritional value, best efficiency of in vitro CH4 relative emission (ml) per DM degraded (g) and bite rate of the three RPs. Heifers all selected their herbage, irrespective of RP, but with different nutritional value and higher in vitro degradability. However, this did not change the production of in vitro CH4. Considering the growth conditions of the area where the study was performed, we recommend the shorter RP24 as the most suitable during the summer season. The study's findings support the idea of management intervention to increase the quality of grazing systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate whether social rank (SR) and stability in the order of entrance to the milking parlour are associated with production traits. The study was conducted on a dairy farm where cows (n = 215) were managed in three groups according to lactation stage (group 1: 78 cows, 0–100 days in milk (DIM); group 2: 65 cows, 101–200 DIM and group 3: 72 cows, >200 DIM). SR was calculated from observations made from agonistic behaviour performed at the water troughs and feed bunks of each pen (n = 3). The animals were classified into three levels of dominance based on at least five clear interactions, resulting in: 61 dominant, 75 intermediate and 69 subordinate cows based on SR. Stability in the order of entry was estimated as the standard deviation of the entry position. SR was weakly correlated with milk yield, urea and protein content in milk. The results showed that stable cows had higher milk production and entered the milking parlour after the non-stable animals. Stability in the order of entry to the milking parlour was not affected by SR. Overall, the use of milking facilities appears to be associated with production traits rather than SR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metformin is a leading antidiabetic drug that is used worldwide in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. This biguanide exerts metabolic and pleiotropic effects in somatic cells, although its in vitro actions on human spermatozoa remain unknown. The present study investigated the effects of metformin on human sperm function. Human spermatozoa were incubated in the presence or absence of 10 mM metformin for 8 or 20 h, and motility was measured by computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA); other parameters were evaluated by flow cytometry. Metformin significantly reduced the percentage of motile, progressive and rapid spermatozoa and significantly decreased sperm velocity. Metformin did not affect viability, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) or mitochondrial superoxide anion generation of human spermatozoa at any time studied. However, metformin clearly inhibited the protein kinase (PK) A pathway and protein tyrosine phosphorylation at 8 and 20 h, key regulatory pathways for correct sperm function. In summary, metformin treatment of human spermatozoa had a detrimental effect on motility and inhibited essential sperm signalling pathways, namely PKA and protein tyrosine phosphorylation, without affecting physiological parameters (viability, MMP, mitochondrial superoxide anion generation). Given the growing clinical use of metformin in different pathologies in addition to diabetes, this study highlights an adverse effect of metformin on spermatozoa and its relevance in terms of human fertility in patients who potentially could be treated with metformin in the future. In addition to diabetes, the clinical use of metformin in different pathologies is growing, and late-phase clinical trials of metformin in cancer therapy are underway. This study investigates the effects of metformin on human spermatozoa, and demonstrates undesirable effects, namely inhibition of sperm motility and essential sperm signalling pathways. This study is relevant to human reproduction, particularly for the fertility of patients who may be treated with metformin in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]