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\nIntroduction: The aim of the study was to analyse the clinical and demographic features of infants with gestational age (GA) of 32–37 weeks and birth weight (BW) of >1,500 g who developed treatment requiring retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Methods: Data on the infants with a GA of 32–37 weeks and BW >1,500 g who developed treatment requiring ROP (TR-ROP) were collected retrospectively from the 33 ROP centres in Turkiye. GA, BW, type of hospital, neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) level, presence of an ophthalmologist and neonatologist in the same hospital, length of stay in NICU, duration of oxygen therapy, comorbidities, type of ROP, and timing for TR-ROP development were analysed. Results: A total of366 infants were included in the study. Mean GA and BW were 33 ± 1 weeks and 1,896 ± 316 g, respectively. Duration of hospitalization was 3–4 weeks in 46.8% of them. The first ROP examination was performed at postnatal 4–5 weeks in 80.3% of infants, which was significantly later in level 2 and lower NICUs and non-university clinics. At the first ROP examination, any stage of ROP was detected in 90.9% and TR-ROP was detected in 15.3% of the infants. The mean postnatal week of TR-ROP development was 6.16 ± 2.04. Conclusion: Routine ROP screening thresholds need to be expanded in hospitals with suboptimal NICU conditions considering the development of TR-ROP in more mature and heavier preterm infants. The first ROP examination should be earlier than the fourth postnatal week. Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a serious eye condition that affects premature babies, sometimes leading to blindness. Babies born at more than 32 weeks of pregnancy or weighing over 1,500 g are generally considered less at risk. However, in low- and middle-income countries where neonatal intensive care is not optimal, these bigger and more mature babies can still develop severe ROP requiring treatment (TR-ROP). This study is the first of its kind to examine how having both an eye specialist (ophthalmologist) and a baby care specialist (neonatologist) in the same hospital affects the development of TR-ROP in different regions across Turkiye. The study found that bigger babies often show signs of ROP at their first eye exam and that the condition can worsen quickly. This aggressive form of ROP, similar to a severe type called A-ROP, progresses rapidly. The findings suggest that these bigger babies need to be screened earlier than 4 weeks after birth. The study recommends expanding ROP screening programs to include larger infants, especially in developing areas of Turkiye. These recommendations could also apply to other developing countries facing similar challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we describe a neovascular age-related macular degeneration patient with retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP) and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) coexisting in the same eye at the time of diagnosis. A 55-year-old woman presented with a history of decreased vision in her left eye. Fundoscopy, fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography, and optical coherence tomography imaging revealed RAP and PCV lesions in her left eye at first diagnosis. The patient received intravitreal ranibizumab therapy but developed tachyphylaxis after the first dose despite having three monthly doses. Switching to intravitreal aflibercept injection in our case resulted in anatomic and functional improvement., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: No conflict of interest was declared by the authors.

Bullous central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) is a rare variant of CSCR characterized by severe serous retinal detachment which especially involves the inferior quadrants. Corticosteroid therapy administered for systemic or ocular misdiagnoses may induce and exacerbate CSCR. The purpose of this study was to report diagnosis and treatment results of an unusual case of bullous CSCR induced by systemic and periocular corticosteroid therapy received at another medical center due to a misdiagnosis of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: No conflict of interest was declared by the authors.

Focal choroidal excavation is a choroidal pit that can be detected by optical coherence tomography. Central serous chorioretinopathy, choroidal neovascularization and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy are pathologies associated with focal choroidal excavation. In this article, we present the follow-up and treatment outcomes of three eyes of two patients with focal choroidal excavation., Competing Interests: No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Financial Disclosure: The authors declared that this study received no financial support.

Objectives: To evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients who were followed in our clinic with the diagnosis of peripheral exudative hemorrhagic chorioretinopathy (PEHC)., Materials and Methods: Medical records of 12 patients who were diagnosed with PEHC in İstanbul University İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology between July 2006 and June 2014 were reviewed retrospectively., Results: This study included 21 eyes of 12 patients. Four (33.3%) of the patients were male and 8 (66.7%) were female and ages ranged between 73 and 89 years. Eight (66.7%) of the patients were referred to us with the diagnosis of choroidal mass. Unilateral involvement was found in 3 and bilateral involvement in 9 patients. Temporal quadrants were involved in all eyes. Fifteen eyes (71.4%) had subretinal hemorrhage and hemorrhagic/serous retinal pigment epithelial detachment, 11 (52.4%) had lipid exudation, 5 (23.8%) had chronic retinal pigment epithelium alterations, 2 (9.5%) had subretinal fibrosis and 1 (4.8%) had vitreous hemorrhage. PEHC lesions were accompanied by drusen in 11 eyes (52.4%), geographic atrophy in 2 eyes (9.5%), and choroidal neovascularization scar in 2 eyes (9.5%). Treatment was done in both eyes of a patient for lesions which threatened the macula, in a patient with bilateral macular edema and in a patient with vitreous hemorrhage. The remaining eyes were followed-up without any treatment because the lesions did not threaten the macula and they showed no progression during follow-up., Conclusion: PEHC is a degenerative disease of peripheral retina that is seen in older patients, and signs of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) may accompany this pathology. Especially in patients with AMD findings, the peripheral retina must be evaluated carefully for existing PEHC lesions., Competing Interests: No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Financial Disclosure: The authors declared that this study received no financial support.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical features, follow-up and treatment results of patients diagnosed with Coats' disease., Materials and Methods: Medical records of 27 patients diagnosed with Coats' disease in our clinic were reviewed retrospectively. All patients underwent complete ophthalmological examination and fundus photography was taken. Disease stage and treatment methods used were recorded., Results: Twenty-seven eyes of 27 patients were included in the study. Mean age was 9.03 years; 21 patients were male and 6 were female. Three patients were older than 18 years old. Based on the Shields classification, 1 (3.7%) eye was stage 2A, 4 (14.8%) eyes were stage 2B, 6 (22.2%) were stage 3A1, 3 (11.1%) were stage 3A2, 1 (3.7%) was stage 3B, 4 (14.8%) were stage 4 and 8 (29.6%) were stage 5. Fourteen patients underwent treatment, 12 of whom had combined therapy. The most common treatment modalities were laser photocoagulation and cryotherapy. Encircling band was done in one patient and pars plana vitrectomy in 3 patients. Enucleation was done in 5 patients., Conclusion: Coats' disease is a chronic disease and main goal of treatment is to eliminate the vascular anomalies and their complications using repetitive combination therapies. Treatment in the early stages can lead to functional success, and in advanced stages can result in a salvageable eye., Competing Interests: No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Financial Disclosure: The authors declared that this study received no financial support.