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Youths living in poverty may experience less developmental support. Although the importance of hope, relational support, and community support for positive adaptation is acknowledged, how they combine to affect psychosocial adjustment is unknown. This study, drawing on 830 low-income youths (11-18 years old) in Hong Kong, provides evidence that hope, relational support, and community support are highly predictive of psychosocial adjustment (measured by goal setting, academic aspiration, extracurricular-activity participation, and economic worry about the future). Structural equation modeling further demonstrates the important mediating role of hope in influencing relational and community support with regard to positive adjustment, and the differential mechanism of how specific adjustment outcome could be promoted.

Purpose: To analyze the 5-year results of accelerated corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) for progressive keratoconus and identify preoperative characteristics predictive of visual and topographic outcomes.Methods: A prospective interventional case series. Nineteen eyes of 19 patients receiving accelerated CXL with settings of 18 mW/cm2 for 5 min were included. Clinical and topographic parameters were assessed. Linear regression and logistic regression were used to compare the R2 and odds ratio (OR), respectively, between baseline characteristics and postoperative outcomes.Results: Corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) remained stable from 0.28 ± 0.21 to 0.25 ± 0.18 logMAR (P = 0.486). The mean cylindrical refraction was stable (P = 0.119). The maximal keratometry (Kmax) decreased from 61.99 ± 10.37 to 59.25 ± 7.75 D (P < 0.001), flattening in the flattest and steepest meridians and mean keratometry were also observed (P ≤ 0.040). The mean anterior elevation at the apex reduced from 21.42 ± 16.69 to 18.53 ± 12.74 μm (P = 0.013) and changes in posterior elevation were non-significant (P = 0.629). Preoperative Kmax best predicted the postoperative change in Kmax (R2 = 0.55, P < 0.001) compared to the other baseline characteristics (P ≤ 0.028), whereas preoperative CDVA was the only significant predictor of postoperative change in CDVA (R2 = 0.41, P = 0.003). Accelerated CXL is less likely to fail in eyes with a steeper preoperative Kmax (OR = 0.74, P = 0.040) or greater posterior elevation at the apex (OR = 0.91, P = 0.042).Conclusion: Kmax significantly decreased following accelerated CXL. Eyes with worse preoperative CDVA and higher Kmax were more likely to have an improvement in visual acuity and corneal flattening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Youths living in poverty may experience less developmental support. Although the importance of hope, relational support, and community support for positive adaptation is acknowledged, how they combine to affect psychosocial adjustment is unknown. This study, drawing on 830 low-income youths (11-18 years old) in Hong Kong, provides evidence that hope, relational support, and community support are highly predictive of psychosocial adjustment (measured by goal setting, academic aspiration, extracurricular-activity participation, and economic worry about the future). Structural equation modeling further demonstrates the important mediating role of hope in influencing relational and community support with regard to positive adjustment, and the differential mechanism of how specific adjustment outcome could be promoted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To compare the outcome of primary anterior chamber vs secondary scleral-fixated intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in complicated cataract surgeries. DESIGN: Retrospective, comparative study. METHODS: A consecutive series of complicated cataract surgeries with primary anterior chamber (ACIOL) or secondary scleral-fixated IOL implantation from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2009 was analyzed. Main outcome measures included the postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and postoperative complications. RESULTS: There were 89 eyes in the primary ACIOL group and 74 eyes in the secondary scleral-fixated IOL group. The mean follow-up duration was 64.1 ± 36.7 months. The mean postoperative logarithm of minimal angle of resolution (logMAR) BCVA at 1 year was 0.32 ± 0.54 and 0.34 ± 0.21 in the primary ACIOL group and the secondary scleral-fixated IOL group, respectively (P = .734). The mean latest logMAR BCVA was 0.68 ± 0.54 and 0.61 ± 0.47 in the primary ACIOL group and the secondary scleral-fixated IOL group, respectively (P = .336). The primary ACIOL group had more early postoperative complications (P < .001). No difference in late postoperative complications was observed between the 2 groups (P = .100). Regression analysis showed that primary ACIOL and secondary scleral-fixated IOL implantation had similar latest postoperative logMAR BCVA (P = .927), while the presence of late complications was associated with a worse final visual outcome (P = .000). CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that there are no longterm differences in the visual outcomes and complication profiles after primary ACIOL or secondary scleral-fixated IOL implantation in a complicated cataract operation when capsular support is inadequate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]