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Byline: Alka. Chhabra, Milan. Dave, Lalita. Jeenger, Reena. Meena, Ila. Aggarwal, Seema. Partani Background and Aims: Recovery from surgery and anaesthesia is usually observed through conventional indicators. The Quality of [...]

Background and Aims: Emergence agitation (EA) is a common condition that occurs during early phase of general anesthesia (GA) recovery. Increased risk of EA is found among ear, nose, and throat procedures and it has been an independent risk factor. The aim of the study is to identify the incidence and risk factors of EA following nasal surgeries. Methods: This prospective observational study was performed on 68 patients aged 18-70 years of either sex and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status Grade I-III who underwent GA for elective nasal surgery. The data were collected including age, gender, ASA physical status, pain, duration of surgery, preoperative anxiety level, extubation time, smoking, associated comorbidity, and preoperative use of benzodiazepine. Postoperatively, patients were assessed for emergence delirium by Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale, complications, and pharmacological treatment for EA. The data were analyzed by Student's t-test, Chi-square test, and binary logistic regression test. Results: The incidence of EA was found to be 27.5% (19 patients). EA was found to be significantly associated with preoperative Visual Anxiety Score (P = 0.001), postoperative pain (P = 0.046), male gender (P = 0.015), premedication with benzodiazepine (P = 0.022), ASA physical status (P = 0.0002), and hypertension (P = 0.022). Immediate postoperative complications such as cough, desaturation, laryngospasm, breath holding, and nasal bleeding were found to be statistically significant (P = 0.01) in patients with EA. Conclusion: EA is common after nasal surgery under GA and better understanding of potential risks and precipitating factors along with sufficient postoperative pain management may be useful to reduce EA occurrence and consequent postoperative complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Recovery from surgery and anaesthesia is usually observed through conventional indicators. The Quality of Recovery (QoR-15) score was specially designed to measure psychometric and functional recovery from the patient's perspective. This study aimed to evaluate QoR-15 following the administration of intravenous (IV) lignocaine or IV fentanyl in patients undergoing septoplasty surgery. Methods: This randomised, controlled trial was conducted on 64 patients of American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I and II, of either sex, of ages between 18 and 60 years, and who were scheduled for septoplasty. The primary end point was to compare the quality of recovery following the administration of IV lignocaine(group L) and IV fentanyl (group F) using the QoR-15 score in patients undergoing septoplasty. Secondary end points were to compare postoperative analgesia, recovery characteristics, and adverse effects in both groups. Statistical analysis was done using the Shapiro-Wilk test, paired t test/Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and unpaired t test/Mann-Whitney U test. A P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There was a significant improvement in the postoperative QoR-15 score than in the preoperative score in both groups (P < 0.000). However, the postoperative QoR-15 score was significantly higher in group L compared to group F (P < 0.001). Total consumption of analgesic doses were reduced in group L (P=0.000). Time taken to achieve an Aldrete score >9 and gastrointestinal recovery was shorter in group L compared to group F. Conclusion: Both IV lignocaine and IV fentanyl improved postoperative QoR-15 score; however, lignocaine had a higher postoperative QoR-15 score than fentanyl, in addition to showing early discharge readiness, better analgesia, and better recovery profile in patients following septoplasty surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transformer oil is a very important component of the transformer. The oil acts as an insulator and heat exchanger. This paper compares and evaluates the analytical observations of two transformer oils. The two transformer oils taken as samples for the study are; one a non-used transformer oil of the make year 1997 and another a fresh transformer oil of 2017 make. The transformer oil used in India is paraffin based having long chains of hydrocarbon, with general chemical formula, C nH2n+2. In the present study, gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique was employed to determine the compositional constituents of both the oils. The Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) and ultra violet - visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy techniques were employed to characterize both the oils. Dissolved gas analysis (DGA) technique was employed to analyze the oils conditions. The obtained results for the old and new oils have been deliberated and compared in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pleomorphic adenomas (PA) are the most common benign salivary gland tumors. They arise from the major salivary glands, as well as the minor salivary glands. They may arise rarely from the palate, oral cavity, neck, and nasal cavity also. Yet, the fourth, fifth, and sixth decades of life are the most common for them to manifest. Forty percent of them occur in males and 60% in females. It is a benign mixed tumor, which has three components: an epithelial component, a myoepithelial cell component, and a mesenchymal component. A fibrous capsule separates these cells from the surrounding tissues. It generally presents as a slowly progressing painless swelling, which is well-delineated, nonsymptomatic, and not involving the facial nerve. Salivary gland tumors can be accurately diagnosed before surgery using fine-needle aspiration (FNA), ultrasonography (USG), and computed tomography (CT) scan. Calponin, cluster of differentiation 9 (CD9), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Mcl-2, metastasis suppressor gene (NM23), p63, S-100, smooth muscle actin (SMA), and SRY-box transcription factor 10 (SOX10) exhibit the majority of the positive reactions in pleomorphic adenomas. The diagnostic marker pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1) is frequently employed since it is specific for pleomorphic adenoma. Although benign, these epithelial tumors have a propensity to recur and undergo malignant transformation if incompletely excised, leading to increased morbidity in these patients. A review of the consensus guidelines and literature was conducted, and the online literature on the subject from 2002 was included. This article is not a complete review of all the available literature; rather, it is a comprehensive review of the topic., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Kalwaniya et al.)