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Background: Suicide is a public health issue and a main cause of mortality among adolescents and the youth worldwide, particularly in developing countries. Objectives: The present research is a systematic review aiming to investigate the spatial, geographical, and demographic factors related to suicide among adolescents and the youth. Methods: In this systematic review, two researchers examined PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed databases on December 7th, 2022 with no time limits from the beginning of publication until 2022 to identify the primary studies on spatial and geographic analysis on adolescent and youth suicides. Once duplicate studies were identified and removed, the titles and abstracts of studies were examined and irrelevant studies were also removed. Finally, 22 studies were reviewed based on the inclusion criteria. Results: Our findings show that suicide rates are generally higher among men, residents of rural and less densely populated regions, coastal and mountainous regions, natives, 15-29 age group, less privileged populations with social fragmentation, unemployed, divorced or lonely people, those who live in single parent families, people with mental health issues, and those with low levels of education. Conclusions: Stronger evidence supports the effects of geographic and demographic variables on youth and adolescent suicide rates as compared with spatial variables. These findings suggest that policy makers take spatial and demographic factors into consideration when health systems allocate resources for suicide prevention, and that national policymakers integrate demographic and geographic variables into health service programs. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42023430994. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Suicide was the fourth leading cause of death among individuals aged 15 to 29 years worldwide in 2019, highlighting its significant impact on young people. Iran's suicide-related mortality rate was 5.1 per 100 000 population in the same year, which is lower than the global average. This study aimed to estimate the years of life lost (YLLs) due to complete suicide in Iran. Study Design: A registry-based cross-sectional study. Methods: The data on complete suicide cases used in this study were obtained from the national suicide registry of the Iranian Forensic Medicine Organization (FMO) that was registered between March 21, 2016 and March 20, 2020. Results: The total number of YLL due to premature death by suicide over the four-year period was 611 068 years (15.97 per 1000 persons) in males, 286 847 years (7.65 per 1000 persons) in females, and 897 915 years (11.86 per 1000 persons) for both genders. Moreover, the age group of 15-29 years experienced the highest YLL attributed to suicide. Furthermore, the study revealed an increasing trend of YLL due to suicide among individuals aged 30-44. Conclusion: These findings highlight the significant impact of suicide on the loss of potential years of life in Iran. The study indicates that the young and productive age groups of 15-29 and 30-44 years are particularly affected, with the highest YLL due to complete suicide. The study provides valuable insights for designing targeted and evidence-based suicide prevention programs that can reduce the burden of suicide in Iran, particularly among young and middle-aged adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, graphene aerogel (GA) was used to improve the multifunctionality of epoxy resin, which is essential for its application in integrated circuits and semiconductors. To this end, a scalable method with a high capacity for producing large-size GA with desirable quality was proposed for GA synthesis. The synthesized GA was utilized to produce epoxy nanocomposites by infiltrating epoxy resin into its macro-pores. The flexural modulus of the GA/epoxy nanocomposite was investigated experimentally, and the results indicated a 30% increase with respect to the pure epoxy. The electrical conductivity of the nanocomposite reached an exceptional value of 0.7 S/m, which is 13 orders of magnitude greater than the electrical conductivity of pure epoxy. Moreover, the measured thermal conductivity for pure epoxy and GA/epoxy nanocomposites were 0.23 and 0.40 W/mK, respectively. The percentage of thermal conductivity improvement per filler content was over 101, among the highest values attained by different filler types in polymer nanocomposites. This study demonstrates that the proposed method can simultaneously increase epoxy polymers' mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties with a low nanomaterial concentration, which could greatly benefit applications requiring highly multifunctional epoxy polymers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Intraoperative electron radiation therapy (IOERT) is one of the most recently popular therapeutic methods for breast cancer. This study aimed to measure the skin dose near the applicator during IOERT of breast cancer patients, as well as, the incidence of acute toxicity after surgery. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six female patients participated in the current study with the prescribed dose of 21 and 12 Gy for IOERT as full and boost, respectively. The skin dose was investigated based on different applicator sizes, tumor bed thicknesses, and monitor units (MUs). The energy was chosen 8 MeV, and EBT3 film was used for the dosimetric process. In addition, the acute toxicity included healing time for the surgical wound, scaling of the skin, itching, necrosis, redness as well as seroma formation for 1 week and 1 month were recorded. The results were compared to those of 22 patients who underwent the surgery without IOERT. Results: The highest skin dose for the patients was obtained 2.09 Gy, which is lower than the threshold dose (6 Gy). Furthermore, the findings showed that the average skin dose was higher in bigger applicator sizes and MU and lower tumor bed thicknesses. The average of wound healing for the patient underwent IOERT and without the use of IOERT (as the control group) was 19.32 and 11.67 days, respectively. One month after surgery, the volume of aspirated seroma was higher in the patients who performed IOERT compared to the control group (250 ml vs. 200 ml). It is notable that there were not observed any redness, itching, scaling, and necrosis in both investigated groups. Conclusion: Owing to the results, the skin dose during IOERT was lower than the recommended level. The dose of IOERT as a full was higher than boost which can be related to the lower number of the patients in full method; however, there was a well-tolerated without severe acute complication, especially seroma formation and wound healing time in both full and boost methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a valuable animal model rapidly becoming more commonly used in pharmaceutical studies. Due to its low-cost maintenance and high breeding potential, the zebrafish is a suitable substitute for most adult rodents (mice and rats) in neuroscience research. It is widely used in various anxiety models. This species has been used to develop a conceptual framework for anxiety behavior studies with broad applications in the laboratory, including the study of herbal and chemical drugs. This review discusses the latest studies of anxiety-related behavior in the zebrafish model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a two-step vibration-based strategy for damage identification of framed structures using ensemble bagged trees known as a well-known supervised machine learning (ML) paradigm in conjunction with evolutionary optimization algorithms. The proposed model incorporates the actual response, wavelet coefficients, and wavelet energy to extract damage-sensitive features from the time-domain of the measured and simulated signals. Unlike available studies in this scope, the key objective of this research is to identify damage with a localization precision down to a single structural member, rather than limiting the evaluation to the group of elements. In order to increase the training performance in contributing to extremely large datasets with numerous class labels, the proposed strategy involves the artificial generation of features. Additionally, a modified genetic algorithm is proposed for fast damage localization. It is deduced that the damage locations are confidently detected within a fast computational time. Subsequently, damage identification is followed by the application of evolutionary optimization algorithms. For comparison purpose, the employment of the water cycle optimization algorithm (WCA) is comparatively investigated with the other three state-of-the-art optimizers, i.e., particle swarm optimization (PSO), imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA), and differential evolution algorithm (DE). The numerical and experimental validation studies evidence satisfactorily reliable identification results with no false detection in dealing with multiple damage scenarios in large-scale and real-world applications. It is concluded that developing the most damage-sensitive features and using the proposed data fusion strategy lead to informative features with a reasonably small size and significantly improve the ML performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the favorable properties of two-dimensional materials such as SnS2, with an energy gap in the visible light spectrum, and InSe, with high electron mobility, the combination of them can create a novel platform for electronic and optical devices. Herein, we study a tunable gain SnS2/InSe Van der Waals heterostructure photodetector. SnS2 crystals were synthesized by chemical vapor transport method and characterized using X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The exfoliated SnS2 and InSe layers were transferred on the substrate. This photodetector presents photoresponsivity from 14 mA/W up to 740 mA/W and detectivity from 2.2 × 108 Jones up to 3.35 × 109 Jones by gate modulation from 0 V to +70 V. Light absorption and the charge carrier generation mechanism were studied by the Silvaco TCAD software and the results were confirmed by our experimental observations. The rather high responsivity and visible spectrum response makes the SnS2/InSe heterojunction a potential candidate for commercial visible image sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Erectile disorder (ED) is the continuous or repeated inability to achieve an erection or maintain its firmness for an adequate amount of time during sexual intercourse. Given the importance of utilizing quality clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for the diagnosis of ED, the research team conducted a scoping review of erectile disorder CPGs to address the questions based on the clinical guideline of the best quality. This scoping review was conducted in five steps: 1 - identification of the research question, 2 - identification of relevant studies, 3 - selection of studies, 4 - data extraction, 5 - summarizing and reporting the results. The initial search yielded 1,888 articles, CPGs and books but after primary and secondary screening by two appraisers, 9 CPGs were extracted. After that, the two appraisers examined the quality of these guidelines using the AGREE II tool. Eventually, 5 CPGs extracted. After reviewing 5 guidelines, 5 questions were answered. Overall, the CPGs had desirable overlap in response to the marked questions; nevertheless, there were some differences in details too. This review shows that the first and foremost principle in examining the affected individuals is taking a complete detailed history, followed by a physical examination and use of relevant questionnaires to complete the information necessary to diagnose the problem. The next step is to perform routine lab tests; hormonal profiles may also be checked, and if necessary, special tests should be performed based on an individual's conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the potential benefits of FDG PET radiomic feature maps (RFMs) for target delineation in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) radiotherapy. Methods: Thirty‐two NSCLC patients undergoing FDG PET/CT imaging were included. For each patient, nine grey‐level co‐occurrence matrix (GLCM) RFMs were generated. gross target volume (GTV) and clinical target volume (CTV) were contoured on CT (GTVCT, CTVCT), PET (GTVPET40, CTVPET40), and RFMs (GTVRFM, CTVRFM,). Intratumoral heterogeneity areas were segmented as GTVPET50‐Boost and radiomic boost target volume (RTVBoost) on PET and RFMs, respectively. GTVCT in homogenous tumors and GTVPET40 in heterogeneous tumors were considered as GTVgold standard (GTVGS). One‐way analysis of variance was conducted to determine the threshold that finds the best conformity for GTVRFM with GTVGS. Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and mean absolute percent error (MAPE) were calculated. Linear regression analysis was employed to report the correlations between the gold standard and RFM‐derived target volumes. Results: Entropy, contrast, and Haralick correlation (H‐correlation) were selected for tumor segmentation. The threshold values of 80%, 50%, and 10% have the best conformity of GTVRFM‐entropy, GTVRFM‐contrast, and GTVRFM‐H‐correlation with GTVGS, respectively. The linear regression results showed a positive correlation between GTVGS and GTVRFM‐entropy (r = 0.98, p < 0.001), between GTVGS and GTVRFM‐contrast (r = 0.93, p < 0.001), and between GTVGS and GTVRFM‐H‐correlation (r = 0.91, p < 0.001). The average threshold values of 45% and 15% were resulted in the best segmentation matching between CTVRFM‐entropy and CTVRFM‐contrast with CTVGS, respectively. Moreover, we used RFM to determine RTVBoost in the heterogeneous tumors. Comparison of RTVBoost with GTVPET50‐Boost MAPE showed the volume error differences of 31.7%, 36%, and 34.7% in RTVBoost‐entropy, RTVBoost‐contrast, and RTVBoost‐H‐correlation, respectively. Conclusions: FDG PET‐based radiomics features in NSCLC demonstrated a promising potential for decision support in radiotherapy, helping radiation oncologists delineate tumors and generate accurate segmentation for heterogeneous region of tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]