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Objectives: To conduct a systematic review on the translucency of bulk‐fill (BF) composite materials, evaluating the factors influencing it and its clinical implications. Materials and Methods: A systematic search was performed on four databases (Embase, Medline/PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) for articles published until October 2, 2023. Search terms were: "translucency," "translucency parameter," "contrast," "contrast ratio," "bulk," "bulk‐fill," "bulk fill," "composite," "resin," "resin based," "resin‐based," "restoration," and "dental." In vitro studies, written in English language, investigating BF resin‐based composites translucency were included. The risk of bias was performed with the RoBDEMAT tool. Results: Of 590 screened articles, 13 were included in this review. They investigated 11 high‐viscosity BF and 5 low viscosity ones. The limited number of the identified studies and the heterogeneity of the extracted data did not allow to conduct a meta‐analysis. Conclusions: BF materials exhibit variability in translucency due to variations in experimental designs and the heterogeneous composition. Clinical Significance: BFs may behave differently in masking the substrate or in blending capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to review the scientific evidence currently available on 3D printable materials and 3D printing technologies used for the fabrication of permanent restorations, focusing on material properties that are clinically relevant. A literature search was performed on four databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science) for articles published from January 2013 until November 2023, using a combination of free words: (restorative dentistry OR prosthetic dentistry) AND (3D printing OR additive manufacturing OR rapid prototyping) AND materials. Two reviewers screened titles and/or abstracts of 2.468 unique studies. In total, 83 studies were selected for full-text reading, from which 36 were included in the review. The assessed variables were mechanical properties, reporting in most of the cases positive results, dimensional accuracy and fit, reporting conflicting results with a predominance of positive, aesthetic properties, with positive reports but scarcely addressed, and biological properties, almost unexplored in independent studies. Despite numerous studies with positive results in favor, papers with negative outcomes were also retrieved. Aesthetic and biological properties are conversely still mostly unexplored. There remains a lack of conclusive evidence for viable 3D printable restorative and prosthodontic materials for permanent restorations. Research should be strengthened by defining international standards for laboratory testing and, where pre-clinical data are promising, conducting clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

However, when bone dehiscence is present at the time of implant placement, different bone regenerative techniques, such as guided bone regeneration (GBR), need to be used to allow the correct placement of a dental implant. "Biological complications" refer to disturbances in the function of the implant, characterized by biological processes that affect the supporting tissues, including peri-implant diseases [[62]]. A rise in requests for esthetic dental treatments has led to the introduction of new materials, treatments and procedures able to provide non-invasive, long lasting and predictable treatment options [[1], [3]]. The adhesive reattachment of a fragment, combined with vital pulp-therapy procedures, represents the first-choice treatment option in cases of both simple and complicated crown fractures [[4], [16]]. Microbial plaque accumulation is considered to be the most important factor in the pathogenesis of peri-implant diseases, similarly to periodontitis, and the presence of micro-gaps at the implant-abutment interface has been implicated in several studies as the source of bacterial penetration [[66]]. [Extracted from the article]

Objectives: To conduct a scoping review on color stability of bulk‐fill compared to conventional resin‐based composites exposed to colored beverages. Materials and Methods: In vitro studies, investigating bulk‐fill resin‐based composites color stability submitted to artificial staining by colored beverages were included. Studies investigating color change induced by smoke and whitening treatments as well as papers not written in English language were excluded. A systematic search, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) was performed on four databases (Embase, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science) for articles published until October 01st 2022. The study selection was then performed by two authors who screened the abstracts independently and followed the JBI approach. Results: Of 717 screened abstracts, 59 were selected for full‐text analysis. Finally, 19 studies were included in this review. They investigated 19 different bulk‐fill composites and different artificial‐staining‐by‐liquids‐protocols including coffee, red wine, tea, coke, and others. Seven papers reported higher color change in the investigated bulk fill materials than in conventional resin‐based composites, while nine studies reported the opposite. SonicFill showed the highest color stability for most of the papers. Conclusions: The available evidence suggests that bulk‐fill materials show variability in color stability. This behavior can be attributed to the heterogeneity of composition and staining procedures in the selected studies. Clinical Significance: Clinicians should keep in mind that bulk‐fill materials may change color when exposed to colorant drinks or food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To conduct a systematic review assessing quantitative enamel loss occurring after orthodontic debonding and clean-up procedures. Materials and Methods: A systematic search following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement was performed on different databases (Embase, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science) for papers investigating volumetric enamel loss due to bracket and clear aligner attachment debonding and/or clean-up procedures. Studies investigating in vivo and in vitro articles published in the English language until 16 July 2022 were included. The study selection was then performed by two authors who screened the abstracts independently. Results: Of 421 screened abstracts, 41 articles were selected for full-text analysis. Finally, nine studies were included in this review. No in vivo papers were retrieved. In vitro papers investigated volumetric loss caused by the removal of metal brackets (n = 7), ceramic brackets (n = 1), and both (n = 1). The clean-up procedure varied among all investigations. Impressions at baseline and after debonding/clean-up were superimposed, and the volumes were subtracted using different 3D digital analysis software. Among all included studies, the volumetric loss of enamel ranged from 0.02 ± 0.01 mm3 to 0.61 ± 0.51 mm3 per tooth. Conclusions: Debonding and clean-up procedures produce enamel loss. The debonding/clean-up procedure that is able to cause the least enamel volume loss has yet to be identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To conduct a systematic review on color stability of dental resin‐based composites (RBC) exposed to conventional and electronic cigarettes. Materials and Methods: In vitro studies reporting on the color stability of RBC exposed to conventional cigarettes or to e‐cigarettes: both Tobacco Heating Systems (THS) and Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS). The quality of the included studies was assessed with the QUIN tool (risk‐of‐bias tool for assessing in vitro studies conducted in dentistry). A systematic search, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) was performed on four (n = 4) databases (Embase, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science) for articles published until March 28th, 2022. Results: Of the 365 screened articles, 13 were included in this review. All the included articles analyzed conventional cigarette smoke (CS), four analyzed Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) and two Tobacco Heating Systems (THS). In terms of study design, smoke exposure time, smoke flow, type and number of cigarettes a high variability was reported. Conclusions: The available evidence suggests that CS smoke significantly affects color stability. Electronic cigarettes show less color change that seems to be easily recovered under clinical acceptability thresholds, although evidence is scarce. Clinical Significance: Clinicians should be aware, and should therefore warn their patients, that RBCs are subjected to irreversible color change if exposed to smoke. Electronic cigarettes (both ENDS and THS) induce less color change that can be recovered with repolishing or whitening procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This systematic review aims to evaluate the color stability of resin composite CAD/CAM blocks (CCB) when submitted to staining solutions. Methods: A systematic search was performed on different databases (Embase, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science). Search terms were: 'polymer infiltrated', 'polymer-based', 'resin nanoceramic', 'resin ceramic', 'hybrid composite', 'hybrid ceramic', 'composite ceramic', 'resin infiltrated', 'CAD-CAM', 'CAD/CAM', 'color stability', 'staining', 'staining susceptibility', 'color change', 'color difference'. Inclusion criteria: in vitro articles published in the English language until 18 September 2022 without initial time restriction evaluating the color stability of CCB when submitted to staining solutions. Exclusion criteria: studies investigating color change induced by smoke or whitening treatments; studies not including a clinical evaluation of the results using the thresholds for color perceptibility and acceptability. Risk of bias assessment using the QUIN tool. Findings: Out of the 378 initially retrieved articles, 19 were included in this review. They investigated 17 different CCBs and different artificial staining by liquid protocols, including coffee, red wine, tea, and cola. CCBs exceeded clinical acceptability thresholds for color shift in 18 out of 19 studies, with a significantly higher color stability than conventional hybrid resin-based composites (RBCs), and a significantly lower color stability than ceramic materials. The identified differences in CCBs in color stability can be attributed to the material's composition, but also to the heterogeneity of staining procedures. Interpretation and clinical implication: Clinicians should be aware that, although to a lower degree when compared to RBCs used in direct or indirect procedures, CCBs undergo color changes to a higher degree in comparison to ceramic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]