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The quantity of plastic waste generated by the public has increased dramatically over the years. Biomass is an abundant and substantial energy resource found in diverse forms all over the planet. In this regard, the co-pyrolysis of plastic and biomass wastes is an attractive option to mitigate the issue of waste accumulation and viable fuel production. This review focuses on progress in waste disposal and energy generation through co-pyrolysis. The properties of common solid feedstock combinations are addressed with an emphasis on proximate analysis, elemental composition, and heating value. Subsequently, state-of-the-art kinetics is reviewed and compared for the efficacies of various kinetic models, which could be applied to understand decomposition mechanisms. The synergy between biomass and plastics was analyzed, and the impact of decomposition mechanisms on the bio-oil, char, and gas yield and composition was discussed. In addition, this study unveiled various reaction pathways for non-catalytic and catalytic co-pyrolysis. Finally, a summary of the economics in co-pyrolysis with knowledge gaps concerning waste management and energy production is addressed. The main goal of this review is to provide a feasible, practical pathway for clean and effective plastic waste disposal by using biomass waste to increase the synergistic effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The technological evolution of electronic equipment in the field of computers and household appliances, along with shorter life of most items, is creating a great concern for managing this waste stream. The main aim of the present investigation was to convert waste keyboard keys into high-quality pyrolysis oil using a microwave catalytic pyrolysis process. Iron (Fe), Nickel (Ni), were doped in different ratios on Biochar (BC) by wet impregnation method, and it was used as a green catalyst for clean fuel production. Initially, a non-catalytic pyrolysis process was conducted and found a maximum pyrolysis oil yield of 49.6 wt.%. Further, microwave catalytic pyrolysis was conducted with variable amount of metal loading and found that highest oil yield of 61.33 wt.% was achieved using 15%Fe-5%Ni/BC catalyst due to the presence of a higher quantity of iron. The produced pyrolysis oil at this condition consists of 45.07% single-ring compounds and reduced the undesirable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the pyrolysis oil. This work provides a pathway for preparing green catalysts and safe disposal of electrical and electronic plastic waste with better resource recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]