Search

Laura Navarrete,1,2 Ma Asunción Lara,1 Shoshana Berenzon,1 Jazmin Mora-Rios1 1Directorate of Epidemiological and Psychosocial Research, National Institute of Psychiatry “Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz”, Mexico City, Mexico; 2Doctorate Program in Medical, Odontology and Health Sciences of the National Autonomous, University of Mexico, Mexico City, MexicoCorrespondence: Ma Asunción Lara, Tel +52 55 4160 5170, Fax +52 55 5513 3446, Email laracan@imp.edu.mxBackground: Perinatal depression is a common mental disorder regarded as a severe public health problem. Studies have shown that incorporating mental health care into primary health services that provide pregnancy care makes it easier for women to seek help for depressive symptoms. In this context, the following question is of interest: How prepared are primary health services in Mexico City that provide pregnancy and postpartum care to treat perinatal depression? This article seeks to explore the perceptions and knowledge of perinatal depression in health professionals and analyze the barriers to its care at primary care centers in Mexico City.Methods: An exploratory study with a qualitative approach was conducted. Doctors, nurses, social workers who provide maternal and childcare, mental health personnel, and the directors of four centers were interviewed. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed for thematic analysis.Results: Most primary care personnel are unaware of the Official Standard that recommends providing maternal mental health care during the perinatal period. There is no initiative for its incorporation into routine care. A significant barrier to its implementation is health professionals’ biased, stereotyped perception of perinatal depression, motherhood, and the role of women. Other barriers include the workload of health professionals, the division of care between professionals, and the lack of communication between the latter. Women with psychological symptoms are not referred to mental health staff in a timely manner. Social workers are in closer contact with women and are more willing to address their emotional distress.Conclusion: Maternal mental health care, contingent on pregnancy, childbirth, and puerperium care at primary care centers is currently not possible due to the lack of knowledge, barriers, and directors’ dependence on hospital management decisions.Keywords: maternal mental health, perinatal depression, primary health care

Resistance to both barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) and cereal yellow dwarf virus (CYDV) has been demonstrated in wheat genetic stocks with Thinopyrum intennedium chromatin. A number of resistance-bearing translocations have been reported on chromosome arm 7DL from two independent Th. intermedium sources; one source is the addition line Ll and the other is the spontaneous substitution line P29. Another source of resistance in wheat cytogenetic stocks is available as a 2Ai(2D) substitution line. We used a set of 38 molecular markers and the available deletion stocks to compare the size of the 7DL translocations more comprehensively than has been done previously. We also compared the efficacy of BYDV resistance of the various genetic stocks both before and after transfer to a common genetic background. TC14 was confirmed as carrying the smallest translocation, replacing about 20% of the distal end of 7DL. TO and TC10 had 90% of the chromosome arm replaced by Th. intermedium chromatin; the proximal 10% corresponded to wheat chromatin. YW642 appeared to have the whole 7DL replaced by Th. intennedium chromatin, as confirmed by the co-dominant marker cfd68 mapping on the bin nearest the centromere. Translocation line P961341 had bins 3, 7, and 8 replaced by Th. intermedium chromatin, making this the second smallest translocation with BYDV and CYDV resistance. The translocation sizes reported here differ from some of the previous estimates. The translocated Th. intennedium segments appeared to be bigger than the replaced wheat 7DL fragments. All the resistances derived from the Ll and P29 group 7 chromosomes and the 2Ai#2 chromosome were effective in reducing the number of infected plants and the mean virus titre, regardless of the background. Some evidence is discussed suggesting the long arm of the Th. intermedium group 7 chromosome 7Ai#1 carries two resistances, the distal Bdv2 and a proximal second gene. Key words: Luteovirus, intermediate wheatgrass, CYDV, alien translocations, EST derived markers. La resistance au virus de la jaunisse nanisante de l'orge (BYDV) et au virus de la jaunisse nanisante des cereales (CYDV) a ete documentee chez des lignees de ble possedant de la chromatine provenant du Th. intennedium. Plusieurs translocations conferant la resistance ont ete rapportees sur le chromosome 7DL en provenance de deux sources independantes du Th. intennedium. L'une de celles-ci est la lignee d'addition Ll et l'autre est la substitution spontanee P29. Une autre source de resistance au sein des stocks genetiques du ble est disponible sous la forme d'une substitution 2Ai(2D). Les auteurs ont employe 38 marqueurs moleculaires et les deletions disponibles pour comparer la taille des translocations 7DL de maniere plus precise que cela n'avait ete fait anterieurement. Les auteurs ont egalement compare l'efficacite de la resistance au BYDV chez les diverses lignees avant et apres leur introduction dans un meme fond genetique. TC14 a ete confirmee comme etant la translocation la plus petite puisqu'elle remplace environ 20 % de l'extremite distale de 7DL. Chez TC5 et TC10, 90 % du bras chromosomique a ete remplace par la chromatine du Th. intermedium; le 10 % proximal etant constitue de chromatine du ble. Au sein de YW642, la totalite de 7DL semble avoir ete remplacee par la chromatine du Th. intermedium tel que confirme par le marqueur codominant cfd68, lequel est situe dans le segment le plus rapproche du centromere. Dans la translocation P961341, les intervalles (<< bins >>) 3, 7 et 8 etaient remplaces par la chromatine du Th. intermedium, ce qui en fait la seconde plus petite translocation conferant la resistance au BYDV et au CYDV. Les tailles des translocations rapportees dans ce travail different de certaines des estimations anterieures. Les segments provenant du Th. intermedium semblent plus grands que les regions remplacees au sein du bras 7DL du ble. Toutes les resistances examinees, derivees des chromosomes du groupe 7 chez Ll et P29 ainsi que du chromosome 2Ai#2, permettaient de reduire le nombre de plantes infectees et la charge virale moyenne sans egard au fond genetique. Les auteurs discutent certaines evidences suggerant que le bras long du chromosome de groupe 7 chez le Th. intennedium (7Ai#1) porterait deux resistances, le gene distal Bdv2 et un second gene proximal. Mots-cles : Luteovirus, agropyron intermediaire, CYDV, translocations interspecifiques, marqueurs derives d'EST. [Traduit par la Redaction], Introduction The cereal diseases caused by barley yellow dwarf viruses are now known to be caused by two related species, Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV, genus Luteovirus, family Luteoviridae) and [...]

The dependence of the structural, magnetic, electrical and optical properties of epitaxially grown ilmenite-hematite (IH) films on their oxygen stoichiometry is described. The IH films have shown both the semiconducting transport and ferrimagnetic properties.

Copyright of Revista FAVE is the property of Universidad Nacional del Litoral and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aims Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) promotes liver collagen deposition, acting on hepatic stellate cells. Despite this, low serum PDGF levels were reported in chronic hepatitis C or B infection, although some studies yield the opposite result. Since PDGF may be related not only to fibrosis but also with vascular, neuronal or muscle disease, it is important to analyze its behavior in alcoholics. Methods In total, 17 controls and 62 alcoholic patients consecutively admitted to the hospitalization unit of the Internal Medicine Service were included. We determined serum levels of PDGF C, routine laboratory evaluation, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. We analyzed the relationships between PDGF and liver function, ethanol intake and inflammatory reaction by both univariate and multivariate analysis to discern which variables PDGF levels depend on. Results Serum PDGF levels were significantly lower among patients (675 ± 466 pg/ml) than among controls (1074 ± 337 pg/ml; Z  = 3.70; P  < 0.001), and even lower among cirrhotics (549 ± 412 among cirrhotics vs 778 ± 487 among non-cirrhotics; Z  = 2.33; P  = 0.02). PDGF levels showed a direct correlation with prothrombin activity (ρ  = 0.50; P  < 0.001), platelet count (ρ  = 0.44; P  < 0.001) and inverse ones with bilirubin (ρ  = −0.39; P  = 0.002), IL-6 (ρ  = −0.33; P  = 0.016), IL-8 (ρ  = −0.47; P  < 0.001), and MDA levels (ρ  = −0.44; P  < 0.001). By multivariate analysis, only prothrombin activity and platelet count were independently related to PDGF. Conclusion PDGF-C levels are decreased in alcoholics, especially among cirrhotics. Multivariate analysis discloses that only prothrombin activity and platelet count are independently related to PDGF-C levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ilmenite-hematite [[(FeTi[O.sub.3]).sub.1-x]-[([Fe.sub.3][O.sub.3]).sub.x]] is a solid solution system displaying intrinsic ferromagnetic and semiconductor properties. Magnetic force microscopy is used for detecting the domain structure in the thin ilmenite-hematite films.

The solid solution system ilmenite-hematite [(FeTiO3)1-x–(Fe2O3)x] is a potential candidate for applications in spintronics due to its intrinsic ferrimagnetic and semiconducting properties. Epitaxial ilmenite-hematite films with x=0.33, which have the highest room temperature magnetic moment, were grown on α-Al2O3 (0001) substrates using pulsed laser deposition technique with varying oxygen partial pressure in the ambient gas. Structural, magnetic, electrical, and optical properties are found to be largely dependent on the oxygen content of the films which is controlled by substrate temperature and ambient gas composition. The highest crystalline and magnetic ordering and the lowest resistivity values could be obtained for growth at high temperatures and under low oxygen pressure. A narrowing of the band gap (to around 2.4 eV) was observed for films grown under high oxygen pressure in comparison with films grown in vacuum or argon (around 3.3 eV). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Composites made of different doped cerias and (La0.8Sr0.2)0.95MnO3+δ were studied as potential solid oxide fuel cell cathodes. Tb, Pr, Gd and Er have been introduced as ceria dopants to enhance the electrocatalytic properties of (La0.8Sr0.2)0.95MnO3+δ composites fabricated within. Different electrochemical behaviors were observed for the studied composites depending on lanthanide cation nature, i.e., whether they can exhibit different oxidation states or not. Specifically, (La0.8Sr0.2)0.95MnO3+δ/ceria composites with a mixed valence dopants (Tb and Pr) in the CeO2 structure are the best performing and present a limiting step at low frequencies; whereas those with ceria-doping elements with fixed oxidation state (Gd and Er) exhibit the limiting processes at higher frequencies. This fact is related to the higher magnitude of the TPB enlargement in the composite cathode achieved thanks to the promotion of mixed ionic-electronic conductivity in the Pr/Tb-doped ceria phase. The best cathode performance was obtained with (La0.8Sr0.2)0.95MnO3+δ_Ce0.8Pr0.2O2- δ cathodes with the lowest values for the polarization resistance in the 900-700 °C temperature range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A robust LSM-GDC composite was used as a backbone electrode for the infiltration of different catalysts, dispersed as oxide nanoparticles after firing. Catalyst candidates were screened using symmetric cells supported on the GDC electrolyte. Among the tested catalysts, praseodymium infiltration exhibited an outstanding and highly stable promotion effect of the oxygen reduction reaction. Impedance spectroscopy modelling provided insight into the nature of the distinct mechanisms limiting the cathode performance. The Pr-promotion in cathodes resulted in a fivefold rise in the power density peak when tested on a fully assembled anode-supported fuel cell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantifying the impacts of climate change on weed populations requires an understanding of the relative contributions of endogenous and exogenous factors on their numerical fluctuations. Here, we have used longterm data (26 years) of seven weed species growing in a cereal-legume rotation from a locality in central Spain to determine the importance of endogenous (density dependence) and exogenous (tillage system, crop rotation, temperature and precipitation) factors. Density dependence was the main driver of the population dynamics studied, and it was exhibited more frequently under zero tillage (86% of the species) than under minimum tillage (57% of the species). Our results confirmed previous findings and provided stronger support for density dependence under zero tillage than under minimum tillage. Under the latter, temperature negatively affected the population growth rate of Descurainia sophia and positively Atriplex patula. We found no effect of either precipitation or crop rotation on population dynamics. Our findings could underpin an awareness campaign aimed at farmers to prevent them from drawing unwarranted conclusions regarding the efficacy of the particular control method used in a given year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The vas deferens is a simple bioassay widely used to study the physiology of sympathetic neurotransmission and the pharmacodynamics of adrenergic drugs. The role of ATP as a sympathetic co-transmitter has gained increasing attention and furthered our understanding of its role in sympathetic reflexes. In addition, new information has emerged on the mechanisms underlying the storage and release of ATP. Both noradrenaline and ATP concur to elicit the tissue smooth muscle contractions following sympathetic reflexes or electrical field stimulation of the sympathetic nerve terminals. ATP and adenosine (its metabolic byproduct) are powerful presynaptic regulators of co-transmitter actions. In addition, neuropeptide Y, the third member of the sympathetic triad, is an endogenous modulator. The peptide plus ATP and/or adenosine play a significant role as sympathetic modulators of transmitter's release. This review focuses on the physiological principles that govern sympathetic co-transmitter activity, with special interest in defining the motor role of ATP. In addition, we intended to review the recent structural biology findings related to the topology of the P2X1R based on the crystallized P2X4 receptor from Danio rerio , or the crystallized adenosine A2A receptor as a member of the G protein coupled family of receptors as prototype neuro modulators. This review also covers structural elements of ectonucleotidases, since some members are found in the vas deferens neuro-effector junction. The allosteric principles that apply to purinoceptors are also reviewed highlighting concepts derived from receptor theory at the light of the current available structural elements. Finally, we discuss clinical applications of these concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The experience in operation of electrical equipment has shown that partial discharges shorten the life insulation systems. Therefore, the partial discharge can become the cause of serious economic losses by requiring repairs and early changes in electrical equipment, efficiency loss and safety in the operation of communication systems and disruption of service delivery energy. On the other hand, the partial discharges phenomenon also serves as a characterization parameter for incipient faults in electrical equipment. That is the reason why the study of this phenomenon is of great importance. This document presents the proposal of a partial discharges simulation model, aiming at the visualization and understanding of the phenomenon, with comparative results with respect to type of failure in a laboratory installation of underground cables, besides the partial discharge study as a tool in the characterization of faults in underground cables. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of Cirugía Plástica Ibero-Latinoamericana is the property of Cirugia Plastica Ibero-Latinoamericana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The dispersal of Avena spp. ( A. fatua and A. sterilis) by natural dissemination and by agricultural operations was studied in four experiments conducted in Spain and Britain. Natural dispersal was very limited, with a maximum dispersal distance of 1.5 m. Dispersal was higher in the geographic direction that was downwind than in any of the other three geographic directions. Although plant movement was very small under no-tillage, an annual patch displacement of 2–3 m in the tillage direction was observed under conventional soil tillage. Ploughing downhill resulted in much larger dispersal distances than ploughing uphill. In the crops studied, combine harvesters dispersed few Avena spp. seeds, because of the fact that the plants had shed most of their seeds (>90%) before harvest. The percentage of seeds available to be dispersed by the combine was dependent on the harvest time. Although combine harvesting may not contribute much to short-distance dispersal, it may play an important role in long-distance dispersal. In our studies, isolated plants were located up to 30 m from the original sources. This small proportion may have a significant effect on the distribution of the weed within a field, acting as foci for new patches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIMS: This study reports the changes in patterns of fetal breathing movements recorded with a photogrammetric method in three successive periods of gestation. METHODS: Respiratory movements were studied in fetuses of 28 healthy women with uncomplicated pregnancies of 30-38 weeks of gestation. Women were divided into three groups according to gestational age of the fetus: 30-32 weeks, 7 fetuses; 33-36 weeks, 9 fetuses; and 37-38 weeks, 12 fetuses. Sonographic images of the fetuses were recorded on videotape, digitized (1 image per 0.12 s) and analyzed with specially developed software. RESULTS: The proportion of fetuses in each age group for which movements were detectable was similar in all three groups, as was the frequency of movements. Duration of a complete respiratory cycle, the inspiratory phase and the expiratory phase tended to be shorter at 33-36 weeks of gestation than in younger and older fetuses. Fetuses in the 30-32-week group had slower breathing rates than fetuses in the two older groups. CONCLUSIONS: The photogrammetric technique revealed differences in some patterns of fetal breathing movements between weeks 30-32, 33-36 and 37-38 of gestation. The data provide a sound basis for relating changes in fetal breathing movements with physiological and anatomical changes that occur as the respiratory system matures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrathin films of (Bi-Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O (2223) were produced by ex situ RF magnetron sputtering on MgO (100) substrates. Films with different thermal treatments and thickness varying between 30 nm and 300 nm were obtained and studied systematically. A structural characterization of these samples was carried out and correlated with their electrical properties and thickness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamics of seed populations of Avena sterilis ssp. ludoviciana (Durieu) Nyman in plots maintained under different crop rotations and tillage systems was studied over a 5-year period. The seed reserves buried in the soil were practically depleted during this period by using any of the three cropping systems evaluated. No significant differences were found between using a continuous barley rotation with annual application of herbicides and using a barley:fallow rotation with herbicides applied only as needed. The decline in seed populations was not affected by the tillage system used during the fallow period (ploughing or no tillage). The tillage practices used in the various treatments, combined with the variable seed output from each treatment, resulted in different vertical distribution of the seeds in the soil profile. Shallow cultivation resulted in an accumulation of seeds in the upper soil layers; in contrast, a large proportion of the seeds were buried and maintained below 15 cm in the ploughed treatments. Although the seed distribution patterns produced by the various tillage systems had an effect on seedling recruitment, the largest changes in this parameter were associated with the different cropping sequences Four times more seedlings were recruited in years under barley cropping than in those under fallow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The weed-free period is employed to evaluate the effectiveness of practices to reduce crop loss to weeds. To orient sustainable cropping system approaches in perennial crops such as coffee which are often grown with trees, orchard floor or groundcover management has been proposed to address not only crop loss, but also soil protection, plant nutrition, habitat for beneficial organisms and labor and input costs. The results of a long-term experiment in Masatepe, Nicaragua, comparing two intensities of organic and conventional coffee management under four combinations of deciduous and evergreen trees either leguminous (Inga laurina and Samanea saman) and non-leguminous (Simarouba glauca and Tabebuia rosea) and full sun concluded that with selective weed management under trees, soil is protected with both low-growing, shallow-rooted cover vegetation and tree leaf litter without yield loss, while also reducing herbicide and labor use. Over 11 years, treatments with trees compared to full sun coffee showed near absence of bare soil (P <.001) and increasing presence of leaf litter (P <.001) and cover vegetation (P <.001), especially in the first 8 years. Selective control, either herbicide or manual, resulted in minimal bare soil, a declining area covered by weeds and increased area, from 40 to 70%, under cover vegetation. Selective control with herbicides had less weedy vegetation than manual selective control. Trees compared to full sun showed increased accumulation of whole leaf and fractionated leaf layers measured in the dry season with treatments including Inga laurina greater than other tree treatments. Labor and herbicide costs declined with increasing time under trees (P <.001), while selective control reduced herbicide use with higher labor costs. A regression of groundcover components on coffee berry yields explained less than 10% of variability. Two research priorities are identified to increase the contribution of groundcover components to sustainable coffee systems – 1) cover vegetation species and management in water conservation and use and 2) the role of tree species and their litter on water, soil biology dynamics and O horizon formation. • Leaf litter increased with tree age with significant species differences. • Selective management shifted weed composition to low-growing, shallow-rooted species. • Bare soil declined with tree presence and selective management. • Tree presence, field age and selective practices reduced herbicide and labor use. • Coffee yields were not linked to amounts or presence of living vegetation or litter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We demonstrated the capability of MeV proton irradiation to promote chemical ordering processes in a solid at low temperature. We used the ilmenite–hematite solid solution system which allows estimation of the degree of ordering through measurement of its magnetization. Normally, ordering through diffusion would require high temperature annealing. At high temperatures, however, the equilibrium state would be less ordered and thus the achievable ordering incomplete. High energetic protons continuously transfer energy to the sample through electronic interaction which locally deposits large quantities of energy without a general increase of the sample temperature. This promotes diffusion processes which allow the system to relax towards the ordered equilibrium state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]