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BackgroundPediatric renal trauma is rare and lacks sufficient population-specific data to generate evidence-based management guidelines. A nonoperative approach is preferred and has been shown to be safe. However, bleeding risk assessment and management of collecting system injury are not well understood. We introduce the Multi-institutional Pediatric Acute Renal Trauma Study (Mi-PARTS), a retrospective cohort study designed to address these questions. This article describes the demographics and contemporary management of pediatric renal trauma at Level I trauma centers in the United States.MethodsRetrospective data were collected at 13 participating Level I trauma centers on pediatric patients presenting with renal trauma between 2010 and 2019. Data were gathered on demographics, injury characteristics, management, and short-term outcomes. Descriptive statistics were used to report on demographics, acute management, and outcomes.ResultsIn total, 1,216 cases were included in this study. Of all patients, 67.2% were male, and 93.8% had a blunt injury mechanism. In addition, 29.3% had isolated renal injuries, and 65.6% were high-grade (American Association for the Surgery of Trauma Grades III-V) injuries. The mean Injury Severity Score was 20.5. Most patients were managed nonoperatively (86.4%), and 3.9% had an open surgical intervention, including 2.7% having nephrectomy. Angioembolization was performed in 0.9%. Collecting system intervention was performed in 7.9%. Overall mortality was 3.3% and was only observed in patients with multiple injuries. The rate of avoidable transfer was 28.2%.ConclusionThe management and outcomes of pediatric renal trauma lack data to inform evidence-based guidelines. Nonoperative management of bleeding following renal injury is a well-established practice. Intervention for renal trauma is rare. Our findings reinforce differences from the adult population and highlights opportunities for further investigation. With data made available through Mi-PARTS, we aimed to answer pediatric specific questions, including a pediatric-specific bleeding risk nomogram, and better understanding indications for interventions for collecting system injuries.Level of evidencePrognostic and Epidemiological; Level IV.

BackgroundTremor in Parkinson's disease (PD) is commonly seen in the upper extremities and can involve the lower extremities and mouth. We present a case of a patient with idiopathic PD who presented with abdominal tremor.Case reportA 40-year-old man with a 2-year history of subjective weakness and stiffness in the right arm and leg, followed by emergence of a right hand tremor, subsequently developed abdominal tremor. Patient experienced marked improvement of both abdominal and hand tremor and mobility of the right limbs with levodopa.DiscussionOur case report serves as the second only published report of abdominal tremor in an idiopathic PD patient.HighlightsTremor in Parkinson's disease (PD) commonly affects the upper and lower extremities and mouth. We describe a 40-year-old man with PD who developed abdominal tremor which was brought under control with levodopa. This case is one of only two published reports of abdominal tremor in PD.

Life-threatening "breakthrough" cases of critical COVID-19 are attributed to poor or waning antibody (Ab) response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in individuals already at risk. Preexisting auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs underlie at least 15% of critical COVID-19 pneumonia cases in unvaccinated individuals; their contribution to hypoxemic breakthrough cases in vaccinated people is unknown. We studied a cohort of 48 individuals (aged 20 to 86 years) who received two doses of a messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine and developed a breakthrough infection with hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia 2 weeks to 4 months later. Ab levels to the vaccine, neutralization of the virus, and auto-Abs to type I IFNs were measured in the plasma. Forty-two individuals had no known deficiency of B cell immunity and a normal Ab response to the vaccine. Among them, 10 (24%) had auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs (aged 43 to 86 years). Eight of these 10 patients had auto-Abs neutralizing both IFN-α2 and IFN-ω, whereas two neutralized IFN-ω only. No patient neutralized IFN-β. Seven neutralized type I IFNs at 10 ng/ml and three at 100 pg/ml only. Seven patients neutralized SARS-CoV-2 D614G and Delta efficiently, whereas one patient neutralized Delta slightly less efficiently. Two of the three patients neutralizing only type I IFNs at 100 pg/ml neutralized both D614G and Delta less efficiently. Despite two mRNA vaccine inoculations and the presence of circulating Abs capable of neutralizing SARS-CoV-2, auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs may underlie a notable proportion of hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia cases, highlighting the importance of this particularly vulnerable population.

Abstract Glass durability is one of the properties that can be affected by surface treatments such as coatings or chemical attacks. These treatments can be used to reduce the quantities of potentially toxic elements contained in glass that may be released in solution. Five surface treatments were selected: three different coatings (SnO2, TiO2, SiO2) and two acidic attacks (SO2 dealkalization and acid polishing). These treatments were performed on five glass compositions (soda-lime, borosilicate, barium silicate, opal, and lead crystal). Their effects on alteration rates and mechanisms were investigated through a single protocol (acetic acid 4%, 70 °C) simulating accelerated aging conditions for containers of beverages or food. The data collected over 1.3 years showed significant reduction of lead leaching with all treatments except acid polishing. The best reduction factor was obtained with SO2 dealkalization, which also demonstrated beneficial effects towards the retention of Ba by reducing the diffusion of alkalis.

IntroductionThe association between neuropathological changes and dementia among centenarians and nonagenarians remains unclear.MethodsWe examined brain tissue from 100 centenarians and 297 nonagenarians from The 90+ Study, a community-based longitudinal study of aging. We determined the prevalence of 10 neuropathological changes and compared their associations with dementia and cognitive performance between centenarians and nonagenarians.ResultsA total of 59% of centenarians and 47% of nonagenarians had at least four neuropathological changes. In centenarians, neuropathological changes were associated with higher odds of dementia and, compared to nonagenarians, the odds were not attenuated. For each additional neuropathological change, the Mini-Mental State Examination score was lower by 2 points for both groups.DiscussionNeuropathological changes continue to be strongly related to dementia in centenarians, highlighting the importance of slowing or preventing the development of multiple neuropathological changes in the aging brain to maintain cognitive health.HighlightsIndividual and multiple neuropathological changes are frequent in centenarians. These neuropathological changes are strongly associated with dementia. There is no attenuation of this association with age.

Background: There is no definitive evidence of the prognosis impact of histological variants (HVs) in patients who undergo surgical resection of a nonmetastatic renal cell carcinoma (nm-RCC) with venous tumor thrombus (TT). Objective: To investigate the impact of HVs on the prognosis of patients with nm-RCC with TT after radical surgery. Design, setting, and participants: Patients who underwent radical nephrectomy with the removal of the venous TT for an nm-RCC were included in a retrospective study. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: Three groups were identified: clear cell (ccRCC), papillary (pRCC), and chromophobe (chRCC) RCC. The primary outcome measures (disease-free and overall survival [OS]) were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to study the impact of HVs on survival. Results and limitations: A total of 873 patients were included. The histological subtypes were distributed as follows: ccRCC in 780 cases, pRCC in 58 cases, and chRCC in 35 cases. At the time of data analysis, 612 patients were recurrence free and 228 had died. A survival analysis revealed significant differences in both OS and recurrence-free survival across histological subtypes, with the poorest outcomes observed in pRCC patients (p

Background: Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is one of the leading respiratory viruses. This prospective observational study aimed to describe the clinical features and the outcomes of hMPV-associated lower respiratory tract infections in adult inpatients. Methods: Consecutive adult patients admitted to one of the 31 participating centers with an acute lower respiratory tract infection and a respiratory multiplex PCR positive for hMPV were included. A primary composite end point of complicated course (hospital death and/or the need for invasive mechanical ventilation) was used. Results: Between March 2018 and May 2019, 208 patients were included. The median age was 74 [62–84] years. Ninety-seven (47 %) patients were men, 187 (90 %) had at least one coexisting illness, and 67 (31 %) were immunocompromised. Median time between first symptoms and hospital admission was 3 [2–7] days. The two most frequent symptoms were dyspnea (86 %) and cough (85 %). The three most frequent clinical diagnoses were pneumonia (42 %), acute bronchitis (20 %) and acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (16 %). Among the 52 (25 %) patients who had a lung CT-scan, the most frequent abnormality was ground glass opacity (41 %). While over four-fifths of patients (81 %) received empirical antibiotic therapy, a bacterial coinfection was diagnosed in 61 (29 %) patients. Mixed flora (16 %) and enterobacteria (5 %) were the predominant documentations. The composite criterion of complicated course was assessable in 202 (97 %) patients, and present in 37 (18 %) of them. In the subpopulation of pneumonia patients (42 %), we observed a more complicated course in those with a bacterial coinfection (8/24, 33 %) as compared to those without (5/60, 8 %) (p = 0.02). Sixty (29 %) patients were admitted to the intensive care unit. Among them, 23 (38 %) patients required invasive mechanical ventilation. In multivariable analysis, tachycardia and alteration of consciousness were identified as risk factors for complicated course. Conclusion: hMPV-associated lower respiratory tract infections in adult inpatients mostly involved elderly people with pre-existing conditions. Bacterial coinfection was present in nearly 30 % of the patients. The need for mechanical ventilation and/or the hospital death were observed in almost 20 % of the patients.

PurposeProgress has been made in understanding trans health needs, but research priorities are often set by policy or healthcare professionals without trans input, which may not reflect public needs. Our study sought to identify trans health research priorities in France from both researchers and the trans community.MethodsExpert stakeholders (health and social sciences professionals, trans individuals, and their families) answered a three-round Delphi survey on trans health research priorities. The first round involved an open-ended questionnaire, analyzed qualitatively. In the second round, participants ranked research propositions from round one using a Likert scale. The study’s second phase involved a two-hour workshop with experts and trans individuals.Results53 participants (32% trans individuals/relatives, 60% health professionals) contributed 217 responses to open-ended questions, leading to 44 research priorities. After the two voting rounds, a total of five proposals reached a strong consensus cut-off and were considered as the main research priorities: evaluation of the effect of puberty blocker use in trans children and adolescents (95%), evaluation of the effect of supporting trans children and adolescents (92%), study of the support systems available for trans youth and their parents (86%), persistence of trans identity around puberty (prevalence, persistent persons characteristics) (86%), and needs assessment survey of the support for adolescents and their families (83%). Thirteen other proposals were considered moderate priorities.ConclusionThe main consensus in our French study concerned research on trans-youth care and support needs. Our results may guide further trans-health research that meets the public’s needs and desires.

Objective:To determine prevalence of dementia-related neuropathologic changes and examine their association with dementia risk and severity in centenarians, and compare findings with nonagenarians from the same cohort.Background:Centenarians worldwide are projected to increase 50-fold by 2100 with dementia incidence estimated ~40%. Brain autopsy studies in this population are highly limited.Design/Methods:Participants were individuals who agreed to autopsy from The 90+ Study, a longitudinal study of aging. Cognitive diagnoses were assigned during a multidisciplinary conference blinded to autopsy results. Using standardized protocols, dementia-related neuropathologic changes (NCs) were assessed blinded to clinical information and dichotomized for analyses: +Alzheimer’s disease (AD) neuropathologic change (ADNC;intermediate/high), +cerebral amyloid angiopathy (moderate/severe), +arteriosclerosis (moderate/severe), +Lewy body disease (limbic/neocortical), +TDP-43 (hippocampal/cortical), +age-related tau astrogliopathy (ARTAG;present), +microinfarcts (≥2), and +hippocampal sclerosis (present). Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) scores nearest to death were used to examine dementia severity. Prevalence and associated odds of dementia were determined for each NC and for the presence of multiple NCs.Results:388 participants (100 centenarians and 288 nonagenarians) with completed brain autopsies were included. In centenarians, ADNC was most prevalent (75%; vs. 71% in nonagenarians), followed by arteriosclerosis (69%; vs. 55% in nonagenarians) and ARTAG (66%; vs. 60% in nonagenarians). In centenarians, arteriosclerosis (69%) and TDP-43 (39%) were significantly more prevalent compared to nonagenarians (55% and 28% respectively; P=0.01 and P=0.05 respectively). 83% centenarians had 2+NCs and number of NCs was strongly associated with dementia risk. Odds ratio increased from 2.9 (95% Confidence interval (CI):0.49–16.9) for 2NCs, to 12.7 (95%CI:2.34–68.31) for 3, and 63.8 (95%CI:8.78–463.67) for 4NCs. Number of NCs was also associated with dementia severity.Conclusions:Prevalence of dementia-related NCs is exceptionally high in centenarians and greater for arteriosclerosis and TDP-43 compared to nonagenarians. Multiple NCs are typical in centenarians and strongly associated with cognitive impairment, with risk and severity increasing with higher numbers of NCs.Disclosure: Mr. Neuville has nothing to disclose. Ms. Ho has nothing to disclose. The institution of Dr. Sajjadi has received research support from NIH. Dr. Biswas has received research support from European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions' fellowship (Grant agreement number 722046). The institution of Dr. Corrada has received research support from NIH. The institution of Dr. Kawas has received research support from NIH.

Abstract Background Precise data about ATTR-CM incidence rates at national level are scarce. Consequently, this study aimed to estimate the annual incidence and survival of transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) in France between 2011 and 2019 using real world data. We used the French nationwide exhaustive data (SNDS database) gathering in- and out-patient claims. As there is no specific ICD-10 marker code for ATTR-CM, diagnosis required both amyloidosis (identified by E85. ICD-10 code or a tafamidis meglumine delivery) and a cardiovascular condition (identified by ICD-10 or medical procedure codes related to either heart failure, arrhythmias, conduction disorders or cardiomyopathies), not necessarily reported at the same visit. Patients with probable AL-form of amyloidosis or probable AA-form of amyloidosis were excluded. Results Between 2011 and 2019, 8,950 patients with incident ATTR-CM were identified. Incidence rates increased from 0.6 / 100,000 person-years in 2011 to 3.6 / 100,000 person-years in 2019 (p

Abstract Background Data on ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) in COVID-19 and influenza patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU) are scarce. This study aimed to estimate day-60 mortality related to VAP in ICU patients ventilated for at least 48 h, either for COVID-19 or for influenza, and to describe the epidemiological characteristics in each group of VAP. Design Multicentre retrospective observational study. Setting Eleven ICUs of the French OutcomeRea™ network. Patients Patients treated with invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) for at least 48 h for either COVID-19 or for flu. Results Of the 585 patients included, 503 had COVID-19 and 82 had influenza between January 2008 and June 2021. A total of 232 patients, 209 (41.6%) with COVID-19 and 23 (28%) with influenza, developed 375 VAP episodes. Among the COVID-19 and flu patients, VAP incidences for the first VAP episode were, respectively, 99.2 and 56.4 per 1000 IMV days (p

Redox control of glasses is paramount both to their fusion process and to obtaining the desired properties of high technological glasses. However, the link between melting parameters, such as temperature, furnace atmosphere, or quenching rate, and the redox state of the final products is poorly understood. In this work, in situ x-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) data at Ce L3-edge data were acquired at high temperatures on cerium-containing sodium aluminosilicate glasses, allowing the determination of thermodynamic constants necessary to predict the cerium redox state over a wide temperature range (900–1500 °C). The results obtained were compared to the Raman spectra of samples quenched at different temperatures. Our findings demonstrate that the quench performed was fast enough to block the cerium oxidation state, meaning the redox measured at room temperature is representative of a high temperature state. This was further verified by room temperature Raman spectroscopy, where a relationship was found between the spectra and melting conditions. Wet chemical analysis, XANES at Ce L3-edge, Raman spectroscopy, and optical absorption spectroscopy were successfully used to determine the redox state of cerium in aluminosilicates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Introduction Providing information on cancerous tissue samples during a surgical operation can help surgeons delineate the limits of a tumoral invasion more reliably. Here, we describe the use of metabolic profiling of a colon biopsy specimen by high resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to evaluate tumoral invasion during a simulated surgical operation. Case presentation Biopsy specimens (n = 9) originating from the excised right colon of a 66-year-old Caucasian women with an adenocarcinoma were automatically analyzed using a previously built statistical model. Conclusions Metabolic profiling results were in full agreement with those of a histopathological analysis. The time-response of the technique is sufficiently fast for it to be used effectively during a real operation (17 min/sample). Metabolic profiling has the potential to become a method to rapidly characterize cancerous biopsies in the operation theater.

Abstract Background Numerous studies reported genomic alterations in colorectal human tumors but few focused on rectal tumors with the specification of preoperative-treated or untreated tumors. The goals of this study were to list chromosome allelic imbalances and correlate their frequency with tumor progression and to identify potential molecular markers of progression in rectal chromosomally unstable tumors without preoperative treatment. Methods Genomic alterations of 57 rectal tumors assessed by allelotyping targeting 33 chromosomal loci, were clusterised and compared to those of 151 left colon tumors. Results Clustering separated the rectal tumors without preoperative treatment into three subtypes according to the allelic imbalance frequency and genomic alteration associations. The tumors without preoperative treatment displayed a significantly higher allelic imbalance frequency (54%) than the tumors with preoperative treatment (33%), suggesting that treatment could target highly altered tumor clones. Interestingly, the survival analysis identified three potential prognostic molecular survival markers, D1S197, D5S430, and D14S65, for tumors without preoperative treatment. Conclusion Based on the genomic status of 33 chromosomal loci, we observed that rectal tumors without preoperative treatment segregate according to the global allelic imbalance frequency but without correlation to the tumor progression. Moreover, the detailed associations of alterations in rectal tumors are different from those described in colon tumors suggesting that rectal and left tumors should be considered as separate entities. Finally, potential prognostic genomic molecular markers for survival are proposed which status could specify the clinical course of the tumors.

Glasses play a fundamental role in our daily lives at the economic, cultural, societal, energy and geological levels. Geological glasses testify to igneous activity of the Earth and represent an important material for tools and ornamental objects from the Paleolithic to the present day. Glasses are also used to manufacture technical materials, such as containers (dishes, glasses, jars, bottles ...), screens (television, computer, smartphone ...), fibers with multiple applications (reinforcement, information, transport, energy, health ...), to ensure the storage of domestic or nuclear waste and, more recently, biomaterials (dental or bone implants ...). Thus, silica-based glasses are at the heart of the history of the Earth and humanity. The variation in composition of natural and industrial glasses is vast but its structure is generally based on a tetrahedral frame of $\mathrm{SiO}_{4}$ units, the backbone of more than 90% of the glasses that surround us in our daily lives. Around this silica frame, other chemical elements are well constrained to form to form a single unit structure for use as network modifying elements, charge compensator, dyes, volatiles, and other substances. This article is a short introduction on glass.