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4. HIV treatment outcomes among people who acquired HIV via injecting drug use in the Asia‐Pacific region: a longitudinal cohort study

Author

Han, Win Min, Jiamsakul, Awachana, Salleh, Nur Afiqah Mohd, Choi, Jun Yong, Huy, Bui Vu, Yunihastuti, Evy, Do, Cuong Duy, Merati, Tuti P., Gani, Yasmin M., Kiertiburanakul, Sasisopin, Zhang, Fujie, Chan, Yu?Jiun, Lee, Man?Po, Chaiwarith, Romanee, Ng, Oon Tek, Khusuwan, Suwimon, Ditangco, Rossana, Kumarasamy, Nagalingeswaran, Sangle, Shashikala, Ross, Jeremy, Avihingsanon, Anchalee, Ly, Ps, Khol, V, Zhang, Fj, Zhao, Hx, Han, N, Lee, Mp, Li, Pck, Lam, W, Chan, Yt, Kumarasamy, N, Ezhilarasi, C, Pujari, S, Joshi, K, Gaikwad, S, Chitalikar, A, Sangle, S, Mave, V, Marbaniang, I, Nimkar, S, Merati, Tp, Wirawan, Dn, Yuliana, F, Yunihastuti, E, Widhani, A, Maria, S, Karjadi, Th, Oka, S, Nishijima, T, Choi, Jy, Na, S, Kim, Jm, Gani, Ym, Rudi, Nb, Azwa, I, Kamarulzaman, A, Omar, Sf Syed, Ponnampalavanar, S, Ditangco, R, Pasayan, Mk, Mationg, Ml, Chan, Yj, Ku, Ww, Wu, Pc, Ke, E, Ng, Ot, Lim, Pl, Lee, Ls, Liang, D, Avihingsanon, A, Gatechompol, S, Phanuphak, P, Phadungphon, C, Kiertiburanakul, S, Phuphuakrat, A, Chumla, L, Sanmeema, N, Chaiwarith, R, Sirisanthana, T, Praparattanapan, J, Nuket, K, Khusuwan, S, Kantipong, P, Kambua, P, Nguyen, Kv, Bui, Hv, Nguyen, Dth, Nguyen, Dt, Do, Cd, Ngo, Av, Nguyen, Lt, Sohn, Ah, Ross, Jl, Petersen, B, Law, Mg, Jiamsakul, A, Bijker, R, and Rupasinghe, D

Subjects
Antiviral agents -- Dosage and administration, Intravenous drug abuse -- Complications and side effects -- Care and treatment, HIV infection -- Causes of -- Care and treatment, Health
Abstract

: INTRODUCTION: Data on HIV treatment outcomes in people who inject drugs (PWID) in the Asia‐Pacific are sparse despite the high burden of drug use. We assessed immunological and virological responses, AIDS‐defining events and mortality among PWID receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). METHODS: We investigated HIV treatment outcomes among people who acquired HIV via injecting drug use in the TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database (TAHOD) between January 2003 and March 2019. Trends in CD4 count and viral suppression (VS, HIV viral load RESULTS: Of 622 PWID from 12 countries in the Asia‐Pacific, 93% were male and the median age at ART initiation was 31 years (IQR, 28 to 34). The median pre‐ART CD4 count was 71 cells/µL. CD4 counts increased over time, with a mean difference of 401 (95% CI, 372 to 457) cells/µL at year‐10 (n = 78). Higher follow‐up HIV viral load and pre‐ART CD4 counts were associated with smaller increases in CD4 counts. Among 361 PWID with ≥1 viral load after six months on ART, proportions with VS were 82%, 88% and 93% at 2‐, 5‐ and 10‐years following ART initiation. There were 52 new AIDS‐defining events and 50 deaths during 3347 person‐years of follow‐up (PYS) (incidence 3.05/100 PYS, 95% CI, 2.51 to 3.70). Previous AIDS or TB diagnosis, lower current CD4 count and adherence CONCLUSIONS: Despite improved outcomes over time, our findings highlight the need for rapid ART initiation and adherence support among PWID within Asian settings., INTRODUCTION Globally, injecting drug use is a major public health concern leading to substantial health burden and transmission risk of blood‐borne infections from injecting equipment sharing behaviours. In a multi‐stage [...]

Published
2021
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5. The occurrence of Simpson's paradox if site-level effect was ignored in the TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database

Author

Ly, P.S., Khol, V., Zhang, F.J., Zhao, H.X., Han, N., Lee, M.P., Li, P.C.K., Lam, W., Chan, Y.T., Kumarasamy, N., Saghayam, S., Ezhilarasi, C., Pujari, S., Joshi, K., Gaikwad, S., Chitalikar, A., Merati, T.P., Wirawan, D.N., Yuliana, F., Yunihastuti, E., Imran, D., Widhani, A., Oka, S., Tanuma, J., Nishijima, T., Choi, J.Y., Na, S., Kim, J.M., Sim, B.L.H., Gani, Y.M., David, R., Kamarulzaman, A., Syed Omar, S.F., Ponnampalavanar, S., Azwa, I., Mustafa, M., Nordin, N., Ditangco, R., Uy, E., Bantique, R., Wong, W.W., Ku, W.W., Wu, P.C., Ng, O.T., Lim, P.L., Lee, L.S., Martinez-Vega, R., Phanuphak, P., Ruxrungtham, K., Avihingsanon, A., Chusut, P., Kiertiburanakul, S., Sungkanuparph, S., Chumla, L., Sanmeema, N., Chaiwarith, R., Sirisanthana, T., Kotarathititum, W., Praparattanapan, J., Kantipong, P., Kambua, P., Ratanasuwan, W., Sriondee, R., Nguyen, K.V., Bui, V.H., Nguyen, D.T.H., Nguyen, D.T., Pham, T.T., Cuong, D.D., Ha, H.L., Sohn, A.H., Durier, N., Petersen, B., Cooper, D.A., Law, M.G., Jiamsakul, A., Boettiger, D.C., Jiamsakul, Awachana, Kerr, Stephen J., Chandrasekaran, Ezhilarasi, Huelgas, Aizobelle, Taecharoenkul, Sineenart, Teeraananchai, Sirinya, Wan, Gang, Ly, Penh Sun, Kiertiburanakul, Sasisopin, and Law, Matthew

Published
2016
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6. Examination of micro-superficial lesions of up to 5 mm in size in the pharyngolaryngeal region.

Author

Ueda, T, Yumii, K, Urabe, Y, Chikuie, N, Takumida, M, Taruya, T, Kono, T, Hamamoto, T, Hattori, M, Oka, S, Tanaka, S, Ishino, T, and Takeno, S

Subjects
DISEASE progression, PREDICTIVE tests, ACADEMIC medical centers, LARYNGEAL tumors, ACQUISITION of data, RETROSPECTIVE studies, CANCER patients, PHARYNX tumors, MEDICAL records, RESEARCH funding, SENSITIVITY & specificity (Statistics), THORACOSCOPY, SQUAMOUS cell carcinoma, SYMPTOMS
Abstract

Objective: For low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia cases, pharyngolaryngeal lesions equal to or less than 5 mm in size do not generally progress to invasive carcinoma. However, micro-superficial lesions equal to or less than 5 mm that showed rapid growth have been recently encountered. This study aimed to identify the characteristics of preferential progression of lesions equal to or less than 5 mm in size. Method: Gross findings, endoscopic findings and pathological results of 55 lesions measuring equal to or less than 5 mm in diameter were retrospectively reviewed to identify factors that distinguish squamous cell carcinoma or high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia from low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia or non-atypia lesions. Results: The overall sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive and negative predictive value of background colouration and intrapapillary capillary loop pattern in differentiation of squamous cell carcinoma or high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia from low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia or non-atypia lesions were all 100 per cent. Conclusion: Diagnosis based on background colouration and the intrapapillary capillary loop pattern on narrow-band imaging facilitates the pathological examination of lesions measuring equal to or less than 5 mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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11. Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis decreases tuberculosis risk among Asian patients with HIV

Author

Ku, Stephane Wen?Wei, Jiamsakul, Awachana, Joshi, Kedar, Pasayan, Mark Kristoffer Ungos, Widhani, Alvina, Chaiwarith, Romanee, Kiertiburanakul, Sasisopin, Avihingsanon, Anchalee, Ly, Penh Sun, Kumarasamy, Nagalingeswaran, Do, Cuong D., Merati, Tuti P., Van Nguyen, Kinh, Kamarulzaman, Adeeba, Zhang, Fujie, Lee, Man Po, Choi, Jun Yong, Tanuma, Junko, Khusuwan, Suwimon, Sim, Benedict Lim Heng, Ng, Oon Tek, Ratanasuwan, Winai, Ross, Jeremy, Wong, Wing?Wai, Ly, Ps, Khol, V, Zhang, Fj, Zhao, Hx, Han, N, Lee, Mp, Li, Pck, Lam, W, Chan, Yt, Kumarasamy, N, Saghayam, S, Ezhilarasi, C, Pujari, S, Joshi, K, Gaikwad, S, Chitalikar, A, Sangle, S, Mave, V, Marbaniang, I, Wirawan, Dn, Yuliana, F, Yunihastuti, E, Imran, D, Widhani, A, Tanuma, J, Oka, S, Nishijima, T, Choi, Jy, S, Na, Kim, Jm, Sim, Blh, Gani, Ym, Rudi, Nb, Kamarulzaman, A, Omar, Sf Syed, Ponnampalavanar, S, Azwa, I, Ditangco, R, Pasayan, Mk, Mationg, Ml, Wong, Ww, Ku, Sww, Wu, Pc, Ng, Ot, Lim, Pl, Lee, Ls, Ferdous, Z, Vihingsanon, A, Gatechompol, S, Phanuphak, P, Phadungphon, C, Kiertiburanakul, S, Phuphuakrat, A, Chumla, L, Sanmeema, N, Chaiwarith, R, Sirisanthana, T, Kotarathititum, W, Praparattanapan, J, Khusuwan, S, Kantipong, P, Kambua, P, Ratanasuwan, W, Sriondee, R, Nguyen, Kv, Bui, Hv, Nguyen, Dth, Nguyen, Dt, Do, Cd, Ngo, Av, Nguyen, Lt, Sohn, Ah, Ross, Jl, Petersen, B, Cooper, Da, Law, Mg, Jiamsakul, A, and Rupasinghe, D

Subjects
Co-trimoxazole -- Statistics -- Complications and side effects, Tuberculosis -- Statistics -- Risk factors, HIV patients -- Statistics -- Drug therapy, Health
Abstract

: Introduction: Cotrimoxazole (CTX) is recommended as prophylaxis against Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, malaria and other serious bacterial infections in HIV‐infected patients. Despite its in vitro activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the effects of CTX preventive therapy on tuberculosis (TB) remain unclear. Methods: Adults living with HIV enrolled in a regional observational cohort in Asia who had initiated combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) were included in the analysis. Factors associated with new TB diagnoses after cohort entry and survival after cART initiation were analysed using Cox regression, stratified by site. Results: A total of 7355 patients from 12 countries enrolled into the cohort between 2003 and 2016 were included in the study. There were 368 reported cases of TB after cohort entry with an incidence rate of 0.99 per 100 person‐years (/100 pys). Multivariate analyses adjusted for viral load (VL), CD4 count, body mass index (BMI) and cART duration showed that CTX reduced the hazard for new TB infection by 28% (HR 0.72, 95% CI l 0.56, 0.93). Mortality after cART initiation was 0.85/100 pys, with a median follow‐up time of 4.63 years. Predictors of survival included age, female sex, hepatitis C co‐infection, TB diagnosis, HIV VL, CD4 count and BMI. Conclusions: CTX was associated with a reduction in the hazard for new TB infection but did not impact survival in our Asian cohort. The potential preventive effect of CTX against TB during periods of severe immunosuppression should be further explored., Introduction Cotrimoxazole (CTX) has been recommended as prophylaxis against Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PJP), toxoplasmosis, malaria and other serious bacterial infections in adults with severe or advanced HIV clinical disease, with [...]

Published
2019
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24. Correlation between cathepsin D expression and p.53 protein nuclear accumulation in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. (Original Article)

Author

Ikeguchi, M., Sakatani, T., Ueta, T., Fukuda, K., Oka, S., Hisamitsu, K., Yamaguchi, K., Tsujitani, S., and Kaibar, N.

Subjects
Tumor suppressor genes -- Physiological aspects -- Genetic aspects, Cathepsins -- Physiological aspects -- Genetic aspects, Squamous cell carcinoma -- Genetic aspects, Esophageal cancer -- Genetic aspects, Health, Physiological aspects, Genetic aspects
Abstract

Aim: The lysosomal protease cathepsin D has been reported to be associated with tumour progression in malignant tumours. Expression of the gene encoding cathepsin D is known to be stimulated [...]

Published
2002

27. Measures of site resourcing predict virologic suppression, immunologic response and HIV disease progression following highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in the TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database (TAHOD)

Author

Oyomopito, R, Lee, MP, Phanuphak, P, Lim, PL, Ditangco, R, Zhou, J, Sirisanthana, T, Chen, YMA, Pujari, S, Kumarasamy, N, Sungkanuparph, S, Lee, CKC, Kamarulzaman, A, Oka, S, Zhang, FJ, Mean, CV, Merati, T, Tau, G, Smith, J, and Li, PCK

Published
2010
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43. Structure of the mean velocity and turbulence in premixed axisymmetric acetylene flames

Author

Matovic, M., Oka, S., and Durst, F.

Subjects
Flame -- Analysis, Turbulence -- Analysis, Gas dynamics -- Research, Engineering and manufacturing industries, Science and technology
Abstract

Laser-Doppler measurements of axial mean velocities and the corresponding rms values of turbulent velocity fluctuations are reported for premixed, axisymmetric, acetylene flames together with the probability density distributions of the turbulent velocity fluctuations. All this information provides an insight into the structure of the flow field. Characteristic zones of the flow field are defined that show common features for all acetylene flames studied by the authors. These features are discussed in the paper and are suggested to characterize, in general, interesting parts of the flames.

Published
1994

49. Virological failure and HIV drug resistance among adults living with HIV on second‐line antiretroviral therapy in the Asia‐Pacific.

Author

Ross, J, Jiamsakul, A, Kumarasamy, N, Azwa, I, Merati, TP, Do, CD, Lee, MP, Ly, PS, Yunihastuti, E, Nguyen, KV, Ditangco, R, Ng, OT, Choi, JY, Oka, S, Sohn, AH, and Law, M

Subjects
CONFIDENCE intervals, DATABASES, DRUG resistance in microorganisms, HIV infections, HIV-positive persons, GENETIC mutation, RISK assessment, LOGISTIC regression analysis, PROTEASE inhibitors, VIRAL load, TREATMENT effectiveness, CROSS-sectional method, TREATMENT duration, NON-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, NUCLEOSIDE reverse transcriptase inhibitors, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, CD4 lymphocyte count, ODDS ratio
Abstract

Objectives: To assess second‐line antiretroviral therapy (ART) virological failure and HIV drug resistance‐associated mutations (RAMs), in support of third‐line regimen planning in Asia. Methods: Adults > 18 years of age on second‐line ART for ≥ 6 months were eligible. Cross‐sectional data on HIV viral load (VL) and genotypic resistance testing were collected or testing was conducted between July 2015 and May 2017 at 12 Asia‐Pacific sites. Virological failure (VF) was defined as VL > 1000 copies/mL with a second VL > 1000 copies/mL within 3–6 months. FASTA files were submitted to Stanford University HIV Drug Resistance Database and RAMs were compared against the IAS‐USA 2019 mutations list. VF risk factors were analysed using logistic regression. Results: Of 1378 patients, 74% were male and 70% acquired HIV through heterosexual exposure. At second‐line switch, median [interquartile range (IQR)] age was 37 (32–42) years and median (IQR) CD4 count was 103 (43.5–229.5) cells/µL; 93% received regimens with boosted protease inhibitors (PIs). Median duration on second line was 3 years. Among 101 patients (7%) with VF, CD4 count > 200 cells/µL at switch [odds ratio (OR) = 0.36, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.17–0.77 vs. CD4 ≤ 50) and HIV exposure through male–male sex (OR = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.17–0.64 vs. heterosexual) or injecting drug use (OR = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.12–0.49) were associated with reduced VF. Of 41 (41%) patients with resistance data, 80% had at least one RAM to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), 63% to NRTIs, and 35% to PIs. Of those with PI RAMs, 71% had two or more. Conclusions: There were low proportions with VF and significant RAMs in our cohort, reflecting the durability of current second‐line regimens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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