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The process of training specialists for the catering sector requires the formation of independent work skills for future employees to improve their professional competencies. In modern conditions, when acquired knowledge quickly becomes obsolete, there is no way to teach a student for his whole life. Therefore, there is a need to teach students the methods of independent education. A modern graduate of an educational institution should have the skills to independently solve various professional practical problems, be able to defend his point of view, engage in self-education throughout his professional activity. Independent work of students on a systematic basis allows them to form motivation to acquire new knowledge. A person 's motivation is based on prerequisites , stimuli and motives that motivate him to some kind of activity . Motives influence the assessment of the situation and decision-making. In order to form students' skills of independent educational activity, it is necessary to improve students' skills of self-assessment, rational organization of work, the ability to plan the time allocated for training. A modern graduate of an educational institution will be in demand in the labor market, provided that he will not only have a certain amount of knowledge, but also constantly replenish it, and for this the degree of motivation of graduates to self-education is of paramount importance. Unemployment primarily concerns low - skilled personnel . In the process of training specialists in the field of catering, students should be convinced that the growth of their knowledge, as well as constant independent work aimed at improving professional competencies in the future can guarantee stable work and a high level of demand in the labor market.

The formation of agro-industrial clusters makes it possible to increase the competitiveness of agricultural regions. Agricultural clusters allow increasing food production, as well as creating an integrated, geographically localized structure that includes the entire chain involved in the production of agricultural products, starting from the sale and maintenance of agricultural machinery and ending with the storage and processing of crops. The agro-industrial cluster allows the dissemination of innovations among the enterprises participating in this cluster. Within the framework of the agricultural cluster, favorable conditions are created for the exchange of experience and knowledge, which contributes to the creation and implementation of new technologies and ideas. Agricultural clusters can be in demand by private investors, as well as attract skilled labor from other sectors of the economy. Agricultural clusters help the development of ecosystems in agricultural regions. These ecosystems include agricultural producers, research centers, universities and food industry enterprises. Successful agricultural clusters can contribute to the development of green tourism in the region. The creation of agricultural clusters contributes to the development of regional social infrastructure, provides conditions for the sustainable development of the region, improves the standard of living of the population, which makes it possible to reduce migration flows to other regions.

The article presents solutions to flat contact problems applied to straight-tooth bevel gears, considering both linear and nonlinear dependencies between elastic displacements of the teeth and the resulting stresses. Maximum contact stresses and contact patch dimensions are determined, accounting for both linear and nonlinear relationships between elastic deformations of the teeth and stresses. These solutions are based on a novel contact strength theory. It is demonstrated that the load capacity of bevel gears, considering contact stresses and nonlinear dependencies between elastic deformations and stresses, increases by 1.113 times.

The article solves an important problem of effective application of machine learning algorithms in the process of determining the perspectives of corporate value. The results obtained will allow reducing the losses incurred by companies as a result of value fluctuations by preparing in advance. The investigation employed the subsequent approaches: model modifications, automatic search of coefficients, construction of several models with different cut-off dates, support vector regression, etc. The conceptualization of the methodological approach to model modification based on the exclusion of suboptimal models and the comparison of model residuals and white noise is developed. The suggested approach comprises the subsequent phases: analysis and pre-processing of the data set; division of the prepared data into training and test samples; modeling and forecasting based on the modified model and the error limitation model; evaluation of the results. The architecture of an information system for forecasting based on time series models is developed. The efficiency of building multiple forecasts for solving machine learning problems is investigated. The substantiated recommendations will help to increase the accuracy of forecasting the perspectives of the value of corporations within a certain confidence interval.

In the article, the business environment, safety and security, health and hygiene, human resources and labor market, readiness to use the act, priority given to tourism and travel, international openness, price competitiveness, environmental sustainability, air transport infrastructure, land and the degree of impact of indicators such as port infrastructure, tourist service infrastructure, cultural resources and business trips on the development of the tourism industry in this area is researched. The level of influence of the competitive factors included in the sample on the “number of incoming tourists” and “revenue from the tourism industry” which are considered as the result indicators. The theoretical and practical aspects of competitiveness and its achievement in the field of tourism have been studied. Based on the results of the analysis, conclusions and suggestions that should be taken into account in the development of tourism in the Republic of Uzbekistan have been developed.

The efficiency of the functioning of agricultural enterprises largely depends on the effective use of the labor potential available to the enterprise. Labor capital defines the basis for the formation of labor potential. Labor capital depends on the acquired skills, knowledge, and skills in the process of professional retraining, training, and self-education. At the same time , the condition for the effective realization of an individual 's labor potential is his biophysical potential , his tendency to bad habits , or vice versa , commitment to a healthy lifestyle . The efficiency of the use of labor capital largely depends on the economic conditions of the habitat, the development of the health protection system, and the promotion of a healthy lifestyle among the population. The effective use of labor capital is also closely correlated with people 's motivation . In the presence of proper motivation, a person not only performs his professional duties more efficiently, but also strives for self-education, acquisition of new skills and abilities. Stable economic growth rates are possible with effective investments in human capital. Investments in human capital create prerequisites for career growth, a decent level of remuneration and a high quality of life.

Abstract. Introduction. In the current conditions of globalization and the development of financial technologies, it is necessary for the financial system of the country to adapt to changing conditions of its functioning by developing effective directions of strengthening its financial security. The current situation creates both additional opportunities for strengthening financial security and new threats. There is a need to change the paradigm of financial security formation of the country as a whole and its components in particular, including through the use of financial technology capabilities. Purpose. The main purpose of the study is to deepen the theoretical and methodological foundations and to monitor the factors influencing the level of financial security of Ukraine in the context of digitization. Results. The economic essence of financial security of the state is analyzed and the factors of influence on its level in Ukraine in terms of digitization are considered. The hypothesis of the existence of an influence on the level of financial security of Ukraine of independent indicators that change the system of its formation and strength, including the index of perception of corruption and the ratio of public and government guaranteed debt to GDP, has been proved. It is substantiated that there is a relationship between the independent and the dependent variable, and the model developed is adequate. The calculated coefficient of determination convincingly proves that the 69.33% variation in the country's financial security level is determined by the variation of independent indicators. It is revealed that with the increase of the Corruption Perceptions Index in Ukraine by 1%, the level of financial security increases by 0.67%, provided that the other factors are steel, and if the ratio of public and government guaranteed debt to GDP increases by 1%, then the level of financial security countries decreases by 0.32%. Conclusions. The existence of a strong link between independent and dependent variables is mathematically established, which confirms the paradigm shift in the formation of financial security of Ukraine in the context of digitization.

In the current conditions of society development, higher education is certainly an important factor in the development of the state economy and the strengthening of its financial security. The imperfection of the mechanism of lending to higher education existing in Ukraine and compliant with legislative and regulatory support led to government losses and termination of its functioning. The current situation creates certain negative consequences for ensuring the financial security of Ukraine. There is a need to strengthen the financial security of the country as a whole and its components, in particular, by improving the mechanism of lending to higher education and implementing effective programs for its effective functioning.

Introduction. In the economic space, two groups of countries of the globalization process are singled out: leaders (developed countries with a market economy in which the overwhelming share of technological and intellectual potential is concentrated) and the countries of the periphery of globalization. Purpose. The purpose of this work is to analyze the architectonics of the consequences of globalization processes in the financial sector, to highlight the specific features of the effects of globalization for different groups of countries. Results. The key positive and negative consequences of the globalization processes of the economy in the context of strengthening the financial security of the state are summarized. They, on the one hand, form an additional external impetus to strengthen the level of financial security of the states, which is substantiated: improving quality, cheapening and increasing the number of goods, works, services; the growth of economic growth and the efficiency of the operation of national financial systems; an increase in the general level of social welfare, and on the other hand create additional external risks. It is proved that for the states of the periphery of the globalization processes, the formation of additional external risks to their level of financial security is more threatening in comparison with the leading countries (the lag behind the leaders, the loss of financial independence, the absorption of TNC markets, the inefficient structure of the economy). It is substantiated that insufficient resources are allocated to correct the shortcomings of globalization, as a result of which the gap between the poor and the rich continues to expand. This requires radical changes in tax policy, wage and education policy, corporate governance, data transparency. Conclusions. The author’s definition of the category “financial globalization” is proposed, which also takes into account the architectonics of the integration processes in the financial sphere, namely: financial globalization is a component of globalization processes, which consists in the integration of national financial systems in world institutions and financial markets through free movement capital that occurs at three levels of manifestation: national (in the form of mergers and acquisitions); regional (in the form of integration processes of the national financial systems in the region); world (in the form of forming a united world financial space).

In this article examines the economic and management reasons for the low profitability of most Ukrainian agricultural enterprises. Due to the low level of salaries, there is a shortage of qualified service personnel. Approximately 90% of agricultural machinery in the fields is obsolete or worn out. The younger generation tends to go to work in the city. Increasing labor productivity will reduce the costs of agricultural enterprises and contribute to the successful functioning of the labor market. Professional development, training and retraining of personnel are essential for agricultural enterprises. Enterprises without government support are experiencing difficulties in solving this problem. In our opinion, an active role of the state in training workers in the agricultural sector of the economy will help to reduce the level of migration of labor resources from rural areas to cities. An increase in the level of responsibility of employees, in our opinion, can be achieved through training and subsequent state certification, with the aim of using their professional knowledge and skills in the future.

Financial indicators play an important role in the management of an agricultural enterprise. the tasks of the management of the agricultural enterprise are to control the efficiency of employees and maintain the financial stability of the enterprise. In this paper, the problem of ensuring effective management of an agricultural enterprise was investigated. The activity of an agricultural enterprise depends on the influence of external factors: political and legal, technical and economic, ecological and economic, demographic, socio-cultural. We studied the question of how to take into account the influence of variable external factors in the management of an agricultural enterprise. Traditional methods based on financial analysis data, in our opinion, do not fully reflect the situation in the agricultural enterprise. International management accounting standards are optional, but they allow for the use of more flexible indicators in management accounting that take into account the activities of a particular agricultural enterprise. This will facilitate short - and medium-term planning at the agricultural enterprise and facilitate the achievement of the enterprise’s tactical and strategic goals.

Currently, in all regions of Republic of Belarus much attention is paid to improving the functioning of agricultural enterprises. Due to the fact that their level of liquidity and profitability to a large extent becomes dependent on the current state of the state food market, its ability to meet the needs of legal entities and the population and the ability to purchase high-quality agricultural products have a great influence on agricultural export growth indicators and dependence countries from food imports. In view of this, the concepts of financial results and their role in the development of the activities of an agricultural enterprise are disclosed in this article. The relevance of the topic of this study is due to the fact that at this stage of the development of agriculture in the Republic of Belarus, not only a significant amount of state assistance to agricultural enterprises plays an important role, but also an increase in the efficiency of the agricultural enterprises themselves, an increase in their added value and their products.

This study was aimed at analysing the effectiveness of comprehensive recovery strategies in rural areas and their impact on management practices in the agricultural sector. The article considered the socio-economic recovery of rural areas as an important and multifaceted task that is becoming increasingly relevant in the world. The process of recovery includes a set of measures aimed at improving the economic, social and environmental conditions of rural regions. The introduction of modern technologies into production processes increases the productivity and competitiveness of the local economy. The article considered the role of different approaches to recovery, including multi-sectoral, resource-based, innovative, inclusive, ecosystem, political and administrative, and sustainable development approaches. Each of them can be adapted to the specific conditions and needs of rural regions, creating a basis for comprehensive and sustainable recovery. The article analysed the impact of the war in Ukraine on the agricultural sector, which is one of the key components of rural development. As a result, the need for further support and investment in the agricultural sector for its recovery and sustainable development was highlighted. Successful socio-economic rehabilitation of rural areas depends on coordinated actions of various stakeholders, including the state, local authorities, business and civil society. An important component is the development and implementation of strategies that take into account local characteristics and needs, ensuring sustainable development and improving the quality of life in rural areas. Only a comprehensive approach to recovery can ensure long-term and sustainable development that will become the basis for future prosperity in rural areas

Summary: Caspase-8-dependent pyroptosis has been shown to mediate host protection from Yersinia infection. For this mode of cell death, the kinase activity of receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) is required, but the autophosphorylation sites required to drive caspase-8 activation have not been determined. Here, we show that non-canonical autophosphorylation of RIPK1 at threonine 169 (T169) is necessary for caspase-8-mediated pyroptosis. Mice with alanine in the T169 position are highly susceptible to Yersinia dissemination. Mechanistically, the delayed formation of a complex containing RIPK1, ZBP1, Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD), and caspase-8 abrogates caspase-8 maturation in T169A mice and leads to the eventual activation of RIPK3-dependent necroptosis in vivo; however, this is insufficient to protect the host, suggesting that timely pyroptosis during early response is specifically required to control infection. These results position RIPK1 T169 phosphorylation as a driver of pyroptotic cell death critical for host defense.

Despite the fact that the use of the behavioral approach in the management of the system of financial and economic security of the state is relatively new, the study of the behavioral orientation of the financial system as one of the factors of functional changes will contribute to the formation of an effective mechanism for ensuring financial security. The growing role of the human factor, which is central in gender-oriented and behavioral aspects, increases the level of relevance of applying the behavioral approach in the process of managing the system of financial and economic security of the state. The purpose of this study is to substantiate the conceptual foundations of the behavioral approach to managing the state's financial and economic security system, which includes gender-oriented and behavioral aspects, and complements the systemic approach to managing the state's financial and economic security system. The features of state management of financial and economic security systems in various states are summarized and the main models and research centers of financial and economic security system management in the world are systematized.It is noted that the application of a behavioral approach to the management of the financial and economic security system of the state allows us to consider that the organizational behavior of a social organism is a set of reactions of the financial and economic system to the adjustment of external and internal conditions of functioning for the purpose of self-preservation and potential development. Such behavior is formed taking into account the personality management system, gender balance, individual psychological characteristics and natural properties. The toolkit of the gender-oriented component of the behavioral approach is summarized and the influence of the gender structure on the level of financial and economic security of the state is analyzed based on the results of the survey of respondents. The existing gender differences in the scientific views of men and women economists are summarized and the questions are specified, on which the largest statistically significant difference between the points of view of women and men in the field of managing the system of financial and economic security of the state is recorded. The essence of the economic category "behavioristic approach to managing the system of financial and economic security of the state" is specified, which is considered as a specific approach to ensuring the financial and economic security of the state and permanent monitoring of the phenomena and processes that occur in the system of its guarantee, which is based on gender and behavioral aspects, studies the features of management decision-making with mandatory consideration of psychological, mental and emotional features for the purpose of managing and forecasting the behavior of participants in financial and economic relations at the state level

Purpose: This study outlined the prevalent use of brachytherapy in skin cancers, such as basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The importance of customized applicator fabrication for optimal treatment delivery was highlighted, focusing on adaptable devices tailored to individual patient anatomy, often facilitated by 3D printing technology. The purpose of this work was to investigate the association of medical science and 3D printing in customized applicator fabrication for brachytherapy, leveraging the advancements in fabrication techniques to enhance treatment precision and patient outcomes. Material and methods: The study enrolled five patients with tumor lesions unsuitable for surgical intervention, situated across various anatomical locations, such as earlobe, temple, hand, and cheek. Customized applicators were fabricated via 3D printing (fused deposition modeling) for each patient, followed by radiotherapy protocol delivering a total dose of 51 Gy in 17 fractions. Patient assessments during and post-radiotherapy were done by radiation oncologist using RTOG scale as well as dermatological evaluations with dermatoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy. Methodologically, applicators were 3D-printed using fused deposition modeling technology. Printing parameters were optimized in Prusa Slicer software, ensuring precise control in printout shape correlated with treatment efficacy. Results: This study examined the therapeutic outcomes of brachytherapy in five patients with inoperable skin cancer lesions. Utilizing customized 3D-printed applicators, the patients underwent brachytherapy regimen delivering a cumulative dose of 51 Gy in 17 fractions. The evaluation with RTOG scale revealed varied treatment responses, with complete remission achieved in all cases. Reflectance confocal microscopy showed post-treatment normalization of epidermal morphology and notable scar formation. Optical profilometry demonstrated consistent micro-structures on the applicator surfaces, without compromising treatment efficacy. These findings indicated the potential of 3D-printed applicators in optimizing brachytherapy outcomes in skin cancer management. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates the effectiveness of 3D-printed applicators in treating inoperable skin cancer lesions with high precision. In personalized fabrication, optimal conformity with anatomical features was achieved, resulting in complete remission in all patients. This approach minimizes treatment-related side effects and enhances overall patient outcomes, suggesting a promising future for 3D printing technology in skin cancer treatment applications. Further research and clinical validation are needed to establish 3D printing as a standard practice in skin cancer treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer is most frequently treated with antineoplastic agents (ANAs) that are hazardous to patients undergoing chemotherapy and the healthcare workers who handle ANAs in the course of their duties. All aspects related to hazardous oncological drugs illustrate that the monitoring of ANAs is essential to minimize the risks associated with these drugs. Among all analytical techniques used to test ANAs, electrochemistry holds an important position. This review, for the first time, comprehensively describes the progress done in electrochemistry of ANAs by means of a variety of bare or modified (bio)sensors over the last four decades (in the period of 1982–2021). Attention is paid not only to the development of electrochemical sensing protocols of ANAs in various biological, environmental, and pharmaceutical matrices but also to achievements of electrochemical techniques in the examination of the interactions of ANAs with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), carcinogenic cells, biomimetic membranes, peptides, and enzymes. Other aspects, including the enantiopurity studies, differentiation between single-stranded and double-stranded DNA without using any label or tag, studies on ANAs degradation, and their pharmacokinetics, by means of electrochemical techniques are also commented. Finally, concluding remarks that underline the existence of a significant niche for the basic electrochemical research that should be filled in the future are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]