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Introduction: Physical Activity (PA) is an important component of a healthy pregnancy, for both the mother and her child. Sedentary lifestyle during pregnancy may increase development of pregnancy related musculoskeletal discomforts. Studies showed that 25% of women experience severe Pelvic Girdle Pain (PGP) during pregnancy and 8% are severely disabled due to PGP. Aim: To analyse the association between the PA and PGP during pregnancy. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at antenatal Outpatient Department (OPD), Sri Ramachandra Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India from November 2019 to March 2020. Total 250 mothers were screened and finally 150 participants were selected. They were asked to fill-up the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ), Pregnancy Musculoskeletal Dysfunction Scale (PMDS) to assess the PA level and musculoskeletal dysfunction. Mothers who complaints of PGP were clinically diagnosed and were asked to fill the Pelvic Girdle Questionnaire (PGQ). Data was analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Results: A total of 26 (17.33%) pregnant women in this study had PGP. The association between the total PA and PGP showed that the risk of PGP decreased as the PA increased which was statistically significant (p-value=0.03). PGP was also significantly associated with increased body weight (p-value=0.014). Conclusion: It was found that there was an association between total PA and PGP in pregnancy. Increased PA is associated with reduction in PGP. Hence, moderate PA is recommended during pregnancy.

Evaluation of surgical skills during minimally invasive surgeries is needed when recruiting new surgeons. Although surgeons' differentiation by skill level is highly complex, performance in specific clinical tasks such as pegboard transfer and knot tying could be determined using wearable EMG and accelerometer sensors. A wireless wearable platform has made it feasible to collect movement and muscle activation signals for quick skill evaluation during surgical tasks. However, it is challenging since the placement of multiple wireless wearable sensors may interfere with their performance in the assessment. This study utilizes machine learning techniques to identify optimal muscles and features critical for accurate skill evaluation. This study enrolled a total of twenty-six surgeons of different skill levels: novice (n = 11), intermediaries (n = 12), and experts (n = 3). Twelve wireless wearable sensors consisting of surface EMGs and accelerometers were placed bilaterally on bicep brachii, tricep brachii, anterior deltoid, flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU), extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU), and thenar eminence (TE) muscles to assess muscle activations and movement variability profiles. We found features related to movement complexity such as approximate entropy, sample entropy, and multiscale entropy played a critical role in skill level identification. We found that skill level was classified with highest accuracy by i) ECU for Random Forest Classifier (RFC), ii) deltoid for Support Vector Machines (SVM) and iii) biceps for Naïve Bayes Classifier with classification accuracies 61%, 57% and 47%. We found RFC classifier performed best with highest classification accuracy when muscles are combined i) ECU and deltoid (58%), ii) ECU and biceps (53%), and iii) ECU, biceps and deltoid (52%). Our findings suggest that quick surgical skill evaluation is possible using wearables sensors, and features from ECU, deltoid, and biceps muscles contribute an important role in surgical skill evaluation.

Objectives Informing research participants of the results of studies in which they took part is viewed as an ethical imperative. However, there is little guidance in the literature about how to do this. The Fluoxetine Or Control Under Supervision trial randomised 3127 patients with a recent acute stroke to 6 months of fluoxetine or placebo and was published in the Lancet on 5 December 2018. The trial team decided to inform the participants of the results at exactly the same time as the Lancet publication, and also whether they had been allocated fluoxetine or placebo. In this report, we describe how we informed participants of the results.Design In the 6-month and 12-month follow-up questionnaires, we invited participants to provide an email address if they wished to be informed of the results of the trial. We re-opened our trial telephone helpline between 5 December 2018 and 31 March 2019.Setting UK stroke services.Participants 3127 participants were randomised. 2847 returned 6-month follow-up forms and 2703 returned 12-month follow-up forms; the remaining participants had died (380), withdrawn consent or did not respond.Results Of those returning follow-up questionnaires, a total of 1845 email addresses were provided and a further 50 people requested results to be sent by post. Results were sent to all email and postal addresses provided; 309 emails were returned unrecognised. Seventeen people replied, of whom three called the helpline and the rest responded by email.Conclusion It is feasible to disseminate results of large trials to research participants, though only around 60% of those randomised wanted to receive the results. The system we developed was efficient and required very little resource, and could be replicated by trialists in the future.Trial registration number ISRCTN83290762; Post-results.

Introduction: Women experience significant physiological and anatomical adaptations during pregnancy to meet the maternal and foetal demands. Most of the women stop exercising or reduce their routine physical activity during pregnancy. Sedentary lifestyle during pregnancy leads to maternal discomforts and complications. Aim: To evaluate the effect of structured antenatal exercise programme and education on health-related quality of life. Materials and Methods: In this randomised controlled trial 186 mothers were recruited for the study. A total of 94 Participants were selected as the study group samples and 92 were chosen as the control group as per block randomisation method. The study group received structured antenatal classes and education from 20-weeks of gestational age in addition to routine antenatal care where as the control group received routine antenatal care and antenatal exercises. SF 36 questionnaire-V2 was assessed at baseline and 32-weeks of gestation. Comparison of psychometrically-based Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS) scores were done using paired and unpaired t-test. Results: A significant difference in the PCS and MCS values between the groups at 32-weeks (p-value

The aim of this article is to study the effect of depth of phase change material over the absorber surface of an integrated collector-storage type flat plate solar water heater. Flat plate solar water heaters are extensively used all over the world to utilize the natural source of solar energy. In order to utilize the solar energy during off-sunshine hours, it is inevitable to store and retain solar thermal energy as long as possible. Here, phase change material is not used for heat storage, but to minimize losses during day and night time only. The depth of phase change material over a fixed depth of water in a solar thermal collector is an important geometric parameter that influences the maximum temperature rise during peak solar irradiation and hence the losses. From the results of the studies for different masses of paraffin wax phase change material layers, the optimum depth corresponding to the maximum heat gain till evening is found to be 2 mm, and the heat retention till the next day morning is found to be 4 mm.

Abstract BC (Breast cancer) is the second most common reason for women to die from cancer. Recent workintroduced a model for BC classifications where input breast images were pre-processed using median filters for reducing noises. Weighed KMC (K-Means clustering) is used to segment the ROI (Region of Interest) after the input image has been cleaned of noise. Block-based CDF (Centre Distance Function) and CDTM (Diagonal Texture Matrix)-based texture and shape descriptors are utilized for feature extraction. The collected features are reduced in counts using KPCA (Kernel Principal Component Analysis). The appropriate feature selection is computed using ICSO (Improved Cuckoo Search Optimization). The MRNN ((Modified Recurrent Neural Network)) values are then improved through optimization before being utilized to divide British Columbia into benign and malignant types. However, ICSO has many disadvantages, such as slow search speed and low convergence accuracy and training an MRNN is a completely tough task. To avoid those problems in this work preprocessing is done by bilateral filtering to remove the noise from the input image. Bilateral filter using linear Gaussian for smoothing. Contrast stretching is applied to improve the image quality. ROI segmentation is calculated based on MFCM (modified fuzzy C means) clustering. CDTM-based, CDF-based color histogram and shape description methods are applied for feature extraction. It summarizes two important pieces of information about an object such as the colors present in the image, and the relative proportion of each color in the given image. After the features are extracted, KPCA is used to reduce the size. Feature selection was performed using MCSO (Mutational Chicken Flock Optimization). Finally, BC detection and classification were performed using FCNN (Fuzzy Convolutional Neural Network) and its parameters were optimized using MCSO. The proposed model is evaluated for accuracy, recall, f-measure and accuracy. This work’s experimental results achieve high values of accuracy when compared to other existing models.

Breast cancer is most dangerous cancer among women. Image processing techniques are used for Breast cancer detection. A Block-based cross diagonal texture matrix (BCDTM) method is used first to extract Haralick’s features from each mammography ROI. Likewise, wrapper method is utilized to choose the crucial features from the condensed feature vector. There are lot of factors that affects the quality of the images such as salt or pepper noise. As a result, this is less precise and more prone to mistakes because of human. In order to address the problems, input breast image is first pre-processed via median filtering to reduce noise. ROI segmentation is done using weighted K means clustering. Feature extraction, texture and form descriptors based on Centroid Distance Functions (CDF) and BCDTM are used. Kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA) is used as dimensionality reduction on the extracted features. Improved Cuckoo Search Optimization (ICSO) is used to compute relevant feature selection. Modified Recurrent Neural Network (MRNN) is utilized to classify breast cancer into benign and malignant. Results show that the suggested model achieved highest accuracy, precision and recall values compared with other state-of-the-art approaches.

Analogs and homologs of PDMP were synthesized, based on its structure (D-threo-1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol). This compound had previously been found to block the synthesis of GlcCer (glucosylceramide). Increasing the acyl chain length from 10 to 16 carbon atoms greatly enhanced the efficacy of the enzyme inhibitor, as did the use of a less polar cyclic amine, especially a pyrrolidine instead of a morpholine ring. Replacement of the phenyl ring by a chain corresponding to sphingosine also yielded a strongly inhibitory material. By using a chiral synthetic route, we showed that the isomers active against GlcCer synthase had the R,R-(D-threo)-configuration. However, strong inhibition of the growth of human cancer cells in plastico was produced by both the threo and erythro racemic compounds, showing involvement of an additional factor (beyond simple depletion of cell glycosphingolipids by blockage of GlcCer synthesis). The growth arresting effects could be correlated with increases in cellular ceramide and diglyceride levels. The aliphatic pyrrolidino compound was strongly inhibitory toward the glucosyltransferase and produced almost complete depletion of glycolipids, but did not inhibit growth or cause an accumulation of ceramide. Attempts were made to see whether the differences in growth effects could be attributed to the influence of the inhibitors on related enzymes (ceramide and sphingomyelin synthase and ceramidase and sphingomyelinase). While some stimulation of enzyme activity was noted, particularly at high inhibitor concentrations (50 microM), these findings did not explain the differing effects of the different inhibitors. The best inhibitors of GlcCer synthase compared favorably in efficacy with some cancer chemotherapeutic drugs in current use when tested with a battery of human cancer cells.

Drought stress severely affects the physiology and metabolism of plants. Fortunately, using plant growth-promoting bacteria can provide an environmentally friendly solution. Hence, the present experiment was conducted on the sorghum plant for drought amelioration by utilizing Bacillus sp. and Pseudacidovorax intermedius bacterization to the sorghum seeds under greenhouse conditions. Drought stress was induced by the withholding of water after 52 days of emergence (flowering stage). However, the inoculation of Bacillus sp. and Pseudacidovorax intermedius could significantly improve the drought tolerance capacity through the production of different antioxidant enzymes and metabolites in sorghum plants under drought and recovery conditions. The results declared that the inoculation of Bacillus sp. significantly reduced the membrane leakage by 37 % by minimizing the production of malondialdehyde (49 & 47 %) and hydrogen peroxide (32 & 36 %) content. In addition to protecting membrane leakage, bacterial inoculation positively modulates the antioxidant enzymes namely catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and phenol content in the plant system. Metabolomic results revealed that inoculation of Bacillus sp. and consortia of Bacillus sp. and Pseudacidovorax intermedius up regulate the carboxylic acid, organic, and amino acids biomolecules expression inside the inoculated plants. The study concluded that inoculation of Bacillus sp. is an assured technology for mitigating the drought effect through the expression of antioxidant compounds, and expression of leaf metabolites in sorghum during drought conditions. Further, the research needs to comprehend the underlying molecular mechanism of bacterial-induced drought-tolerant in sorghum plants. It will also create a road map to develop a bestselling bioinoculant for climate-smart agriculture.

Andaman and Nicobar Islands is one of the most earthquake experienced areas around the world subjected to frequent earthquakes which is being the area of study using rapid visual screening (RVS) method by google maps and field visit as well. Although the google maps and internet sources can be used to cover up 80 percent data required for assessing and quantifying the RVS score but a field visit was made for extracting more relevant data for a detailed study. Port Blair municipal area was narrowed down for the screening since it had the greatest number of buildings. It was found that the moment resisting frames have been used in most of the buildings. RC moment resisting frames, load bearing structures, steel structures and wooden structures were studied in the screening and score was awarded. Gleaned from the score it was derived that old buildings are more susceptible for higher damage in near future then the recently constructed building.

Flax fiber-containing polypropylene-based polymer matrix composites (PMCs) with different lignite fly ash (LFA) contents were synthesized using the formula (80 − x) PP − 20 F – x LFA (where x = 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 wt.%) and analyzed. The added LFA acted as a filler material in the polymer network to re-formulate the microstructure of PMCs. The structural changes in the PMCs were induced to alter their thermal stability and mechanical strength. A linear increase in Tg, density, and compressive strength values was observed up to addition of 10 wt.% LFA in the prepared PMCs. Fourier transform infrared spectra revealed the structural changes that occurred in the polymer network for all the samples during the addition of LFA. Results of the X-ray diffraction studies confirmed the crystalline phase of the added LFA in the PMCs. Contact angle and surface energy studies showed a higher contact angle and lower surface energy in the PMC sample containing 5 wt.% LFA. The low wear depth in the sample containing 5 wt.% LFA confirmed its better wear than other samples. The obtained results confirmed that the flax fiber-added polypropylene composite with 5 wt.% LFA is suitable for aerospace, construction, and automobile applications.

Tamil is the oldest language in the world. It contains authentic literary and grammatical resources. Devotional literature excels in Tamil Literature. One among them is the famous “Nalayira Dhivya Pirapantham”. The crown jewel among them is the hymns of “Thirupaavai” by Sri Andal Nachiyar. It serves as the magnum opus for the Vaishnavas. “Thirupaavai” is designed in such a way that everyone can learn the Vaishnava faith. It also creates research interest among researchers. Although there are many texts for it as commentary, summary, subject matter, and dissertation, the explanation given by N. Subbu Reddiar is authentic and graceful. It is readable by all sorts of people. The ancient society was portrayed as Aayarkulam which rely on cattle. Kannan was born a baby in the Aayarkula caste. He is the incarnation of Lord Thirumal. He is the God for the Ayarkula maidens. His grace was excellent for Aayarpadi women. He is the entire world to them. For this perspective, Subbu Reddiar gives the interpretation of the Ayarpadi maidens and their love for Kannan as evinced in Andal’s “Thirupaavai”, In addition, he further explains that bathing is a blissful encounter with Lord Kannan, as Aayarkula women bathe in the cool pool water at dawn in the Margazhi month for the fast and worship with the God. Here, bathing means Love-making on Kannan by Andal. Thus, the nuances of the blissful thoughts and feelings of Andal are explained by Professor Subbu Reddiar in his “Thirupaavai Vilakkam”. He also says that the hymns are pervasive by Thirumal’s grace in his book. Hence, this study examines the features of Thirumal’s grace in destroying the arrogant Mavali emperor, the giant Koman and the treacherous monsters, the love of Ayarkukla Maidens, and Kannan's love for all as sung in Andal’s “Thirupaavai”.

The significant adoption of Electronic Health Records (EHR) in healthcare has furnished large new quantities of information for statistical machine gaining knowledge of researchers in their efforts to version and expects affected person health popularity, doubtlessly permitting novel advances in treatment. Unsupervised system learning is the project of studying styles in facts where no labels are present. In comparison to loads of optimization problems, an most beneficial clustering end result does not exist. One-of-a-kind algorithms with special parameters produce special clusters, and none can be proved to be the quality answer given that numerous good walls of the records might be found. In the previous work, a novel Two-fold clustering technique which uses the Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) technique (TFC: LSTM) for the prediction of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) was proposed. The proposed model was fond to be experimentally efficient; however when applied to large EHR data, the model suffered from optimization issues on the number of clusters formed and time complexity. In order to overcome the drawbacks, this paper proposes a hybrid method of optimization using the Binary Particle Swarm (BPS) and Constrained Optimization (CO) for optimizing the number of clusters produced and to increase the efficiency in terms of decreasing the time complexity.

Besides being chief construction ingredients, concrete and steel produce a high amount of CO2, and high energy consumption promotes global warming. To evade this problem, green and low energy consuming alternative is required. Rapid growing time with the least period to attend optimum strength made bamboo a new immerging mainstream constituent in construction. Bamboo, as one of the probable alternate structural materials, not only promises a sustainable and sturdy option but also reduces the environmental carbon footprint. In this research, article authors replaced steel reinforcement in concrete with bamboo. To establish bamboo as a construction material, a concrete beam of 200 mm × 500 mm is made in which bamboo bars of diameter 20 mm are used with a variation of 1 to 4% of the reinforcement area. Various tests were performed to provide the feasibility of bamboo as construction materials after 28 days of curing, in which test results were found promising. The impact test shows only 25% of wear and tear. Also, bamboo reinforced concrete (BRC) without changing cross sections provided 50% axial compressive strength compared to steel reinforced concrete (SRC). However, in the tensile test, BRC outperformed SRC by providing 50% more resistance against tensile load. Authors also performed rate analysis between SRC and BRC to find that it almost reduces 18% of the cost at a small scale. Hence here, comparative research is provided, and the authors believe that it would pave the road on which forthcoming researchers will walk to reach the destination of finding an alternate, sustainable, and green construction material in the form of bamboo.

The ambition of this research work is to evaluate the hardness and wear behavior of titanium alloy reinforced with tungsten carbide particle (WC) composite prepared by powder metallurgy route. Titanium alloy with 5 and 10 wt% tungsten carbide reinforced particle (WC) composites was manufactured through powder metallurgy technique. The hardness and wear properties of the composite are measured in hardness and wear tests. The microstructures of the composite are evaluated by utilized optical microscopy. The fabricated titanium composites exhibit improved hardness and wear resistance. The hardness and wear specimens were prepared and tested by used Vickers hardness tester and a pin-on-disk wear test apparatus machine at room temperature. The hardness, wear rate, and CoF of TMCs are 476.79 VHN, 13.158 mg/m (×10−3), and 0.955420243, respectively. The results elucidated the microstructure, hardness, wear rate, coefficient of friction, and SEM images of wear for the effects of added reinforcement tungsten carbide.

The nanosized powders have gained attention to produce materials exhibiting novel properties and for developing advanced technologies as well. Nanosized materials exhibit substantially favourable qualities such as improved catalytic activity, augmentation in reactivity, and reduction in melting temperature. Several researchers have pointed out the influence of ultrafine aluminium (∼100 nm) and nanoaluminium (

Background and Objectives: Fingerprint is one of the most mature biometric technologies and is considered as legitimate proofs of evidence in court of law. Blood grouping can also be utilized in genetic research, forensic pathology and anthropology. In this study an effort is made to study the relationship between fingerprint patterns with ABO, Rh blood groups and gender. Methods: 100 male and 100 female subjects from students and teaching staffs of Government Erode Medical college Perundurai were included after excluding any congenital or acquired deformities of fingers. Fingerprints of subjects are obtained with help of pre-inked strips and blood grouping done by slide method. Results: In study A, B and O blood groups were equally distributed with 31.5% each and AB was least common blood group (5.5%). Majority of subjects were Rh +ve (92.5%). A group (37.2%) was most common among males and O group (37.4%) in females. Loops was most frequently observed (53%) followed by whorls (26.4%), composites (14.35%) and arches (6.25%) in whole study group and in both genders. Loop and arch pattern of fingerprints was most common in B group, whorls in O, composites in A blood group. Loops were most consistent in little fingers, whorls in ring fingers, arches in index fingers and composites in thumb of both hands. In sub-patterns ulnar loop pattern (95.2%) out-numbered radial loop. Concentric whorls (77.5%) were most common type of whorls. Among arches, tented arches (56.8%) and among composites, central pocket loops (53.1%) were most predominantly seen. Conclusion: The regression equations derived were found to be statistically significant and correlate the relationships between the fingerprint patterns and blood groups and also fingerprint patterns and gender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Physiotherapists were at high risk of getting work-related musculoskeletal disorders. However, studies prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among clinical and teaching physiotherapists in India was limited. The objective of the study is to find the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among clinical and teaching physiotherapists. Methods: Non-experimental design. 210 samples were taken applying both inclusion and exclusion criteria. The Nordic questionnaire was used to find the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among clinical and teaching physiotherapists. Result: Neck region was affected more among both clinical and teaching physiotherapists at a rate of clinical- 62.4% and in teaching- 63.8%. Teaching physiotherapists were affected more than clinical physiotherapists. Followed by back region was affected.i.e. lower back was affected more than upper back at the prevalence of lower back- 61% and upper back - 51.8%.the prevalence of knee was next to back region at the percentage of 29.1% and in the sidewise left knee was affected more than right knee (left knee-12.1, right knee - 10.6% and both knees -6.4%). Conclusion: Therefore, the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among both clinical and teaching physiotherapists were at a high rate.

Background: Energy cost of walking is two times higher in children with cerebral palsy when compared with normal children; this may be due to gait abnormalities.There is a negative influence on physical activity and early onsets of fatigue in activities of daily living are evident in cerebral palsy children and the reason for this is increase in energy cost of walking. Therefore, the treatment techniques which targets on correction of gait abnormalities and Energy conservation during walking are important to maintain orimprove independent functioning.The aim is to find out the effects of using Supra Malleolar Orthosis (SMO) along with co-activation exercise in the increase of gait endurance and also to encourage independent skills and abilities in cerebral palsy child. Methods: A 14 years child with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy was treated with custom made supra malleolar orthotic which was designed with an orthotic support followed with specific exercises, co-activating dorsiflexors and plantar flexors actively and with assistance. The subject was made to do the co-activation exercises 3 days per week for 8 weeks. Step length, stride length, cadence, navicular drop test, medial arch height and calcaneal eversion were measured before starting the treatment and at the end of 8th week. Results: the results of treatment shows that there is an improvement in 2 minutes’ walk test from 7(pre-test) to 13, step length from 22 (pre-test) to 32,stride length from 36(pre-test) to 47,cadence from 39 (pretest) to 37 after the use of Supra Malleolar Orthosis (SMO) and a co-activation exercises intervention. There was a clear and significant improvement noted in navicular drop test, medial arch height and calcaneal eversion after a period of 8 weeks use of orthosis and exercise intervention when compared with pre-test value. Conclusion: Orthotic subtalar alignment with co-acticvation exercises for alteration in gait endurance in a child is showing significantly good results in this case study of a child with cerebral palsy. The Co-activation exercise with Supra Malleolar Orthotic support reduces the intensity of symptoms and improved gait parameters in cerebral palsy child.

Background: Individuals with the age of 60 years and above may present with the symptoms of imbalance and body instability. Therefore, balance related activities such as standing, getting up from chair; walking becomes difficult which leads to fall. Also, old people are more prone to frequent diseases, sickness and also have limited regenerative capabilities when compared to other adults. So, the purpose of this study was to find out the comparison of multisensory versus strengthening exercises on functional mobility and balance in elders. Methods: 45 subjects with good comprehension were selected for the study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and were randomized into three groups Group A(15), Group B(15), Group C (15) by simple random sampling technique. The subjects in Group A received Multisensory exercises whereas Group B received strengthening exercises and Group C underwent Walking. The subjects were made to do these exercises for five days a week for a total duration of 6 weeks. The baseline values and post –test values were assessed with Timed ‘up and go’ test (TUG) and Guralnik test battery. Results: The mean difference between subjects trained with Multisensory exercises (Group- A) and Walking (Group-C) is greater than Multisensory exercise (Group-A) and Strengthening exercise (Group B), Walking (Group C)and Strengthening(Group B)for both Timed up and go test (P

Bladeless fans are more energy efficient, safer due to the hidden blades, easier to clean, and more adjustable than conventional fans. This paper investigates the influence of the airfoil's outlet slit thickness on the discharge ratio by varying the outlet slit thickness of an Eppler 473 airfoil from 1.2 mm to 2 mm in intervals of 0.2 mm by using a k-omega SST turbulence model with an all y + wall treatment used to numerically simulate in CFD. The computational results indicated that smaller slits showed higher discharge ratios. The airfoil with a 1.2 mm slit thickness showed a discharge ratio of 18.78, a 24% increase from the discharge ratio of the 2 mm slit. The effect of outlet angle on the pressure drop across the airfoil was also studied. Outlet angles were varied from 16 ° to 26 ° by an interval of 2 ° . The airfoil profile with a 24 ° outlet angle showed a maximum pressure difference of 965 Pa between the slit and leading edge. In contrast, the 16 ° outlet angle showed the least pressure difference of 355 Pa. Parameters such as average velocity (U), turbulent kinetic energy, the standard deviation of velocity, and outlet velocity magnitude are used to assess the performance of airfoil profiles used in bladeless fan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is effectively used in healthcare to increase the value of the patient’s life and also the value of healthcare services. The biosensor based approach in medical care system makes it difficult to respond to the patients with minimal response time. The medical care unit does not deploy the accessing of ubiquitous broadband connections full time and hence the level of security will not be high always. The security issue also arises in monitoring the user body function records. Most of the systems on the Wireless Body Area Network are not effective in facing the security deployment issues. To access the patient’s information with higher security on WBAN, Game Theory with Stackelberg Security Equilibrium (GTSSE) is proposed in this paper. GTSSE mechanism takes all the players into account. The patients are monitored by placing the power position authority initially. The position authority in GTSSE is the organizer and all the other players react to the organizer decision. Based on our proposed approach, experiment has been conducted on factors such as security ratio based on patient’s health information, system flexibility level, energy consumption rate, and information loss rate. Stackelberg Security considerably improves the strength of solution with higher security.

Purpose: For higher swirling flows (swirl > 0.5), flow confinement significantly impacts fluid flow, flame stability, flame length and heat transfer, especially when the confinement ratio is less than 9. Past numerical studies on helical axial swirler type systems are limited to non-reacting or reacting flows type Reynolds averaged Navier Stokes closure models, mostly are non-parametric studies. Effects of parametric studies like swirl angle and confinement on the unsteady flow field, either numerical or experimental, are very minimal. The purpose of this paper is to document modeling practices for a large eddy simulation (LES) type grid, predict the confinement effects of a single swirler lean direct injection (LDI) system and validate with literature data. Design/methodology/approach: The first part of the paper discusses the approach followed for numerical modelling of LES with the minimum number of cells required across critical sections to capture the spectrum of turbulent energy with good accuracy. The numerical model includes all flow developing sections of the LDI swirler, right from the axial setting chamber to the exit of the flame tube, and its length is effectively modelled to match the experimental data. The computational model predicts unsteady features like vortex breakdown bubble, represented by a strong recirculation zone anchored downstream of the fuel nozzle. It is interesting to note that the LES is effective in predicting the secondary recirculation zones in the divergent section as well as at the corners of the tube wall. Findings: The predictions of a single helical axial swirler with a vane tip angle of 60°, with a duct size of 2 × 2 square inches, are compared with the experimental data at several axial locations as well as with centerline data. Both mean and unsteady turbulent quantities obtained through the numerical simulations are validated with the experimental data (Cai et al., 2005). The methodology is extended to the confinements effect on mean flow characteristics. The time scale and length scale are useful parameters to get the desired results. The results show that with an increase in the confinement ratio, the recirculation length increases proportionally. A sample of three cases has been documented in this paper. Originality/value: The novelty of the paper is the modelling practices (grid/unsteady models) for a parametric study of LDI are established, and the mean confinement effects are validated with experimental data. The spectrum of turbulent energies is well captured by LES, and trends are aligned with experimental data. The methodology can be extended to reacting flows also to study the effect of swirl angle, fuel injection on aerodynamics, droplet characteristics and emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several herbs and plants are well-known for their medicinal and therapeutic properties. We intended to test that the formulation of Nigella sativa, Anethum sowa and Berberis aristata herbal formulation as aqueous and ethanol extracts have got antioxidant and anticancer activities. Equal quantities of each plant powder were mixed and subjected to aqueous and ethanol solvents for 72 hours by maceration procedure. The extract obtained was used for further studies. Different forms of assays like MTT, ABTS, GCMS and anticancer activities on MCF -7 cell lines were performed. Significant anti-oxidant, free radical scavenging and anticancer activities were noticed in the mixture. The anticancer activity was higher than individual described herbs. We suggest that synchronized action by a mixture of herbs could prove more beneficial in drug concepts than individual drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mollugo verticillata aerial parts have been used as a folk remedy to treat fever, wounds, sores, and swelling, and to alleviate pre mensural symptoms (PMS). As a result, the purpose of this study is to investigate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activity of Mollugo verticillata aerial parts. To obtain the extracts, the aerial parts were subjected to successive extractions with water and ethanol. The antioxidant activity was measured using the H2O2 scavenging assay, the reducing power assay, and the ABTS free radical scavenging assay. The anti-inflammatory activity was determined by inhibiting the protein denaturation assay. MTT assay was used to assess the plant's in vitro cell cytotoxicity activity, and the AO/PI dual staining method was used to assess the plant's apoptotic effect. The phytochemical composition of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the plant showed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, phytosterols, coumarin, tannins, and phenols. Our results revealed that Mollugo verticillate extracts have strong antioxidant activity against free radicals. The anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extract was found to be 95.098% at a concentration of 150mg/mL with an IC50 value of 54.68g/mL, while the aqueous extract's was found to be 83.333% with an IC50 value of 83.36g/mL. The MTT assay and AO/PI dual staining results showed that the plant extract induced apoptosis and had promising cytotoxic effects in MCF-7 cancer cells. The current study's findings have provided some information on phytochemical and pharmacological properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Steady incompressible flow around a circular cylinder in an external magnetic field that is aligned with fluid flow direction is studied for Re (Reynolds number) up to 40 and the interaction parameter in the range 0≤N≤15 (or 0≤M≤30), where M is the Hartmann number related to N by the relation M=2NRe, using finite difference method. The pressure-Poisson equation is solved to find pressure fields in the flow region. The multigrid method with defect correction technique is used to achieve the second-order accurate solution of complete nonlinear Navier-Stokes equations. It is found that the boundary layer separation at rear stagnation point for Re=10 is suppressed completely when N

In a fast-moving world, transportation consumes most of the time and resources. Traffic prediction has become a thrust application for machine learning algorithms to overcome the hurdles faced by congestion. Its accuracy determines the selection and existence of machine learning algorithms. The accuracy of such an algorithm is improved better by the proper tuning of the parameters. Support Vector Regression (SVR) is a well-known prediction mechanism. This paper exploits the Hybrid Grey Wolf Optimization–Bald Eagle Search (GWO-BES) algorithm for tuning SVR parameters, wherein the GWO selection methods are of natural selection. SVR-GWO-BES with natural selection has error performance increases by 48% in Mean Absolute Percentage Error and Root Mean Square Error, with the help of Caltrans Performance Measurement System (PeMS) open-source data and Chennai city traffic data for traffic forecasting. It is also shown that the increasing population of search agents increases the performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regenerative flow machines are known to be simple in construction but complex in flow characteristics. Due to this reason, the design of these machines has been primarily esoteric, and hence its performance heavily relies on the experience and expertise of the designer. Since there are no established rules of thumb for designing them, this paper attempts to provide simple design correlations for systematically designing regenerative flow machines viz. pumps, blowers, and compressors. Three different impeller designs have been considered, namely the (i) single-side vane impeller, (ii) double-side vane impeller, and (iii) peripheral vane impeller, for the three types of machines. More than ten design parameters have been considered for sizing the machines. Experimental and computational data available in open literature have been used to obtain physically meaningful correlations in simple form, and require minimal and practically available inputs. Fluid properties and practical constraints were taken into consideration while deriving the correlations. Constants in the correlations were obtained using least square regression analysis. The accuracy of the obtained correlation is determined by the correlation coefficient. The deviation obtained using the derived correlations varied from 10 to 25%. A consolidated set of correlations has been presented, which will be helpful in making a preliminary design before CFD simulation, design optimization, and prototype building. Finally, the obtained correlations have been used to demonstrate the design of a regenerative flow pump. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dens invaginatus is a developmental anomaly resulting from invagination of a portion of crown forming within the enamel organ during odontogenesis. The invagination ranges from a slight pitting (coronal type) to an anomaly occupying most of the crown and root (radicular type). Although a clinical examination may reveal a deep fissure or pit on the surface of an anterior tooth, radiographic examination is the most realistic way to diagnose the invagination. The objective of this case presentation is to report a rare case of radicular dens in dente, which is a rare dental anomaly.

In India and over the world, Cancer has become a deadly disease that is adversely affecting women from different age groups. According to a survey, one in every 30 women suffers from this deadly disease in their lifetime. This project was first thought of because of the increase in cases of breast cancer and if we can detect it at an early stage then there is an increased chance of it getting cured. This paper lays a foundation in making the detection of cancer automated from histopathological images using deep learning algorithms so that more and more people can get it diagnosed at an early stage and subsequently get cured. To enhance the capability of histopathology image classification, a powerful deep learning algorithm and a sizable, varied dataset are required. In this paper, we have proposed an automatic and precise histopathological image analytical method, to detect breast cancer at an early stage. Deep learning techniques have recently made significant strides and produced outstanding results in the fields of computer vision and image processing, which has encouraged many researchers to use this method for the categorization of histopathology images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corrosion is one of the biggest problems which affects the economy of the country, which occurs as a result of the interaction of the metal with its surroundings. One of the easiest ways to prevent corrosion is coatings of the metals with paint, plastic or wood. Several types of coatings have been adopted by corrosion scientists in the prevention of corrosion that are mainly based on electrochemical principles. Fortunately, based on cost and effectiveness, four types of coatings are variably employed by the metal and metallurgy industries. One among the cheapest and effective way to prevent corrosion is to use barrier coatings like plastic, powder and paint. Hence, nanocomposite coatings by electrochemical deposition offers an excellent, scratch and corrosion resistance on the metal surface. These coatings may be used to restoration of the components instead of interchanging them, resulting in reduced maintenance costs and disturbance. Significant improvements in the corrosion protection of steel have been reported by using metal-metal matrix, metal-metal oxide matrix, metal-polymer matrix, and ceramic-metal matrix nanocomposite. This review presents an overview of works related to nanocomposite coatings and to re-evaluate the literature for the future research in the field that still lacks validation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background : Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder of multiple aetiologies characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion or insulin action. Muscle strength is influenced by insulin resistance, through higher plasma levels, and lipid content in the muscle, therefore it could be a marker for impaired skeletal muscle. These structural and functional changes in the skeletal muscle caused by defective insulin action could be associated with muscle weakness and reduced endurance capacity. This study evaluates the subclinical changes in muscle strength in diabetes and its functional performance comparing with age-matched healthy subjects. Methods: This observational study totally includes 80 male and female individuals, 40 of type 2 DM and another 40 of age matched healthy individuals without any difficulty in Activities of daily living were recruited above 60 years of age, and assessed with HHD and functional measure (FTSTS) and quality of life measure (SF 36) used. Results: Independent sample T test and Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the difference and correlate among lower extremity muscle strength, FTSTS, and SF 36 in diabetic and healthy individuals; the data obtained were statistically significant, except SF 36 emotional limitation and physical limitation factor were non-significant. Pearson’s coefficient found to have weak negative correlation in SF 36 and muscle strength. Conclusion: Type 2 diabetes mellitus has correlated with reduction in muscle strength particularly in lower limb which remains subtle and unidentified as the disease progresses the muscle weakness may become progressive and lead to immobility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Web has become an open platform, where everybody can build and run and deploy the applications. If a small company or a user wants to supply web services, it is better for them to rent the computing infrastructure. Infrastructureas-a-Service (IaaS) is the delivery of computer components such as servers, network, hardware, storage, computing power, etc. The customer is charged just for the resources consumed like utility-based computing. Virtualization may be a technique to implement cloud computing resources like platform, application, storage, and network. The beauty of virtualization solutions is that you simply can run multiple virtual machines (VM) simultaneously on one computer. Cloud Native, the emerging computing infrastructure has become a replacement trend for cloud computing, especially after the event of containerization technology like docker, and therefore the orchestration system for them like Kubernetes and Swarm. With the growing popularity of Cloud Native, the subsequent problems are raised: (i) most Cloud Native applications were designed for creating full use of the cloud platform, but their file storage system has not been optimized for adapting it. (ii) the normal filing system is meant as a utility for storing and retrieving files, usually built into the kernel of the operating systems. But when placing it to a largescale condition, sort of a network storage server shared by thousands of computing instances, and storing many files, it gets slow and even unstable. (iii) most storage solutions use metadata for faster tracking of files, but the metadata itself will take up tons of space, and therefore the capacity of it is usually limited. If the filing system store metadata directly into hard disc without caching, the tracking of massive small files are going to be slower. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Web 2.0 delivers the information which is then displayed in human readable content, omitting the crucial information which can be drawn from the data by the applications. Web 3.0 or semantic web is an extension to the current web, with an ambition to determine the drawbacks of the current web. The semantic web has already proven its influence in several communities around the globe, such as social media, music industry, healthcare domain, online blogs or articles, etc.; Among the several tools and technologies, ontologies or vocabularies are the foundation pillar for the semantic web. In this paper, the developed system aims at improving the collaboration and academic relations among staff which is directly related to our education community by providing a better networking platform which lets the agents discuss their achievements, titles, domain interests, and various other activities. Results have been analyzed to show how new facts, information can be implied from the presented knowledge of several agents and help generate a relationship graph by utilizing various semantic tools. The system discussed in this paper processes all the information in a format which can be understood by both humans and the machines, to interpret the underlying meaning about it and provide effective results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Following stroke, the abdominal muscles demonstrate a remarkable loss of activity. This is characterized by asymmetry in performance of rotation and side bending activities. Paralysis of the core muscles increases the tendency to fall towards the paralyzed side causing asymmetry. Trunk function along with balance and walking ability has been a valid predictor of stroke rehabilitation outcome. The aim of the study is to analyze the trunk muscle recruitment in hemiplegic stroke subjects sitting on two different unstable surfaces. Method: 30 subjects who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were considered for the study. Out of which 15 subjects were normal individuals and 15 were hemi paretic stroke subjects. Subjects in both the groups were tested for external oblique and erector spinae muscle recruitment during set of activities like flexion, extension and lateral flexion of trunk. They were made to sit on Swiss ball and wobble board, and the muscle activity was recorded in paretic side and non-paretic side in stroke patients, right and left side in normal individuals. Average EMG value was recorded in (micro-volt), Un-paired t test and Mann-Whitney U test was used for significancedifference. Result: Data was analyzed using SPSS version 16. In normal Individuals both external oblique and erector spinae muscle activity on the two unstable surfaces was similar and did not show any significant difference. Muscle recruitment on paretic and non-paretic side showed significant difference for both Erector Spinae and external oblique muscle. Result reveals that there was no significant difference between Swiss ball and wobble board both in external oblique and Erector Spinae muscle recruitment. Conclusion: Trunk muscle recruitment during activity on wobble board had similar effect as Swiss ball. Hence we concluded that wobble board can be used as adjunct to Swiss ball for balance training in Stroke patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of odontogenic epithelium, ectomesenchyme or sometimes both is imperative for an odontogenic tumour to eventuate. Calcifying cystic odontogenic tumour is presently thought to arise from odontogenic epithelium along with odontogenic ectomesenchyme. The uncertainty regarding its origin has led to mushrooming of nomenclature and classification of this tumour. Atypica histologic presentations often add up to the dubious biologic nature of calcifying cystic odontogenic tumour. The present case is of a 16-year-old boy with a swelling in the mandible, microscopically showing ameloblastomatous epithelial lining, ghost cells, abundant dentinoid and also a primitive dental papilla like stroma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing demand on energy due to population growth and rising of living standards has led to considerable use of fossil fuels which has in turn, had an adverse impact on environmental pollution and depletion of fossil fuels in Internal Combustion (IC) engine sector. Alternative fuel blend evaluation in IC engine fuel technologies is a very important strategic decision involving decisions balancing within a number of criteria and opinions from different decision maker of IC engine experts. The selection of appropriate source of biodiesel and proper blending of biodiesel plays a major role in alternate energy production. This paper describes an application of hybrid Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) technique for the selection of optimum biodiesel blend in the IC engine. The proposed model, Analytical Network Process (ANP) is integrated with Technique for Order Performance by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) to evaluate the optimum blend. Here the ANP is used to determine the relative weights of the criteria, whereas TOPSIS is used for obtaining the final ranking of alternative blends. An efficient pair-wise comparison process and ranking of alternatives can be achieved for optimum blend selection through the integration of ANP and TOPSIS. The obtained preference order for the blends are as B20 > B40 > Diesel > B60 > B80 > B100. This paper highlights a new insight into MCDM techniques to evaluate the best fuel blend for the decision makers such as engine manufactures and R&D engineers to meet the fuel economy and emission norms to empower the green revolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of the study was to find the clinicopathological correlation of the cysts of the jaws in the pediatric population from the data obtained from a major tertiary dental care institution in the state of Kerala. Materials and methods: The cases dated between 1st January 2001 and 31st December 2012 were retrieved from the archives of the Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Government Dental College, Thiruvananthapuram, India. The data were analyzed for age, gender, site of the cyst and histopathologic type. Results: Out of a total of 5894 biopsies received, cysts of the jaws accounted for 1396 (23.68%) cases. Among the cystic lesions, pediatric cysts were found to be 187 (13.39%) in number. Of these, 125 were intraosseous cystic lesions of the jaws of which, 81 (64.8%) were developmental in origin, 42 (33.6%) were inflammatory in origin. Conclusion: From the data, it is possible to conclude that among all types of cysts of the jaws, developmental cysts are the most commonly encountered in the pediatric population. The lesions show a male predominance with anterior maxilla being the most common site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent advances in bioinformatics and genomic signal processing have generated much interest due to the integration of theory and methods of signal processing with the global understanding of the functional genomics of organisms. In this paper, we propose a method to predict cancer based on the signal processing of the (Deoxyribo nucleic acid) DNA sequence. In the proposed method, entropy of the DNA sequence is found to predict cancer. For the analysis, we use DNA sequences obtained from National Centre for Biotechnology information (NCBI). Evaluation metrics parameters of Sensitivity, Specificity and Accuracy are found out and compared with the existing methods. From the results, it is clear that our method has attained better evaluation metrics parameters. It gave 86.36% accuracy, 90.9% specificity and 81.81% Sensitivity. When compared to literature, our method produces better results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present investigation, we report on DC power and pulsing frequency induced changes in electrochromic properties of pulsed DC magnetron sputtered WO3 films by intercalating/deintercalating H+ ions from 0.1M H2SO4 electrolyte solution. The observed efficient colouration ↔ bleaching mechanism of WO3 films confirms the effective electrochromic nature of the films associated with the electrochemical intercalation/deintercalation of H+ ions and electrons into WO3 lattice. The higher optical modulation was observed in the visible region of the optical transmittance spectra of colored and bleached WO3 films. The maximum coloration efficiency of 79 cm2/C was observed the first time for the filmdeposited at a DC power of 150Wand a pulsing frequency of 25 kHz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract  We investigated the antioxidant preventive effect of betaine on isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction in male albino rats. Isoprenaline induced myocardial infarction was manifested by a moderate elevation in the levels of diagnostic marker enzymes (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and creatine phosphokinase) and homocysteine in plasma of experimental rats. Significant rise in the level of lipid peroxidation with a concomitant decline in the levels of myocardial non-enzymic (reduced glutathione) and enzymic antioxidants (glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, catalase and superoxide dismutase) was also observed. Oral pretreatment with betaine significantly prevented isoprenaline-induced alterations in the levels of diagnostic marker enzymes and homocysteine in plasma of experimental groups of rats. It counteracted the isoprenaline-induced lipid peroxidation and maintained the myocardial antioxidant defense system at near normal. Histopathological observations also confirmed the protective effect of betaine against isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction. The results of the present investigation indicate that the protective effect of betaine is probably related to its ability to strengthen the myocardial membrane by its membrane stabilizing action or to a counteraction of free radicals by its antioxidant property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]