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Overcoming the disadvantages of low transmission and broad peak bandwidth of previously reported plasmonic color filters, a high-efficiency multispectral plasmonic color filter is theoretically proposed with two cascaded ultrathin metallic nanogratings separated by two heterogeneous dielectric layers, and its optical properties are theoretically investigated using the finite-difference time-domain method. The transmission spectrum presents three near-unity peak bands accompanied with three near-null dip bands adjacent around them. Both transmission efficiencies of above 90% and ultranarrow peak bandwidth of 20 nm are achieved in the visible regime. The peak band positions can be flexibly tailored by varying the structural parameters. The filter selects the visible color with high signal noise ratio at the peak bands. The outstanding spectral properties of this filter indicate significant improvement for the high-accuracy color filtering and multispectral imaging applications. The simulated near-field electromagnetic distributions suggest that the excitation of the hybrid antisymmetric surface plasmon polariton (SPP) leaky mode and metal-insulator-metal waveguide modes are responsible for the peak transmission bands, while the formation of the hybrid SPP bound modes confined on the bottom nanograting makes the dip transmission bands, all of which are the consequence of the plasmonic hybridization between the two neighboring metallic nanogratings.

Abstract Tungsten trioxide (WO3) nanostructures were synthesized by hydrothermal method using sodium tungstate (Na2WO4·2H2O) alone as starting material, and sodium tungstate in presence of ferrous ammonium sulfate [(NH4)2Fe(SO4)2·6H2O] or cobalt chloride (CoCl2·6H2O) as structure-directing agents. Orthorhombic WO3having a rectangular slab-like morphology was obtained when Na2WO4·2H2O was used alone. When ferrous ammonium sulfate and cobalt chloride were added to sodium tungstate, hexagonal WO3nanowire clusters and hexagonal WO3nanorods were obtained, respectively. The crystal structure and orientation of the synthesized products were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), micro-Raman spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and their chemical composition was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The optical properties of the synthesized products were verified by UV–Vis and photoluminescence studies. A photodegradation study on Procion Red MX 5B was also carried out, showing that the hexagonal WO3nanowire clusters had the highest photodegradation efficiency.

Deep learning solutions in big data applications can benefit cloud centres and can also lead to network communication overhead. Typically, data collected from traffic are sent to the traffic management centre for analysis. However, this process can worsen the network route to the traffic management centre. A two-tier mechanism has been developed to address this issue, which performs vehicle speed estimation and traffic congestion detection for efficient traffic management. The real-time traffic video data are captured and the video frames are initially processed through a foreground extraction process, which extracts the temporarily stopped vehicles on the road by removing background pixels from the frames. The video frames are then wrapped in an up-down view to remove the influence of the observation angle. The traffic congestion is then detected accurately based on the traffic characteristics using the proposed Ensemble Random Forest-based Gradient Optimization (ERF-GO) algorithm. The generalization error occurs when learning complex features on frames is minimized using a gradient-based optimization (GO) algorithm. Finally, the learned information on traffic conditions is forwarded to the cloud and edge computing environments based on network connection speed. The efficiency of the proposed ERF-GO is investigated in terms of performance metrics, namely root mean square error, speed detection error, execution time, computational cost, accuracy, latency, workload balance, precision, recall, f-measure, and congestion detection error rate. The analytic result displays that the proposed ERF-GO algorithm attains a greater accuracy rate of about 98.65% in detecting traffic congestion which is comparably higher than state-of-the-art methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To make recommendations on managing the surveillance of patients with stage I, II, III or resectable IV melanoma who are clinically free of disease following treatment with curative intent. This guideline was developed by Ontario Health's (Cancer Care Ontario's) Program in Evidence-Based Care and the Melanoma Disease Site Group (including seven medical oncologists, four surgical oncologists, three dermatologists, one radiation oncologist and one patient representative). The MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, PROSPERO databases and the main relevant guideline websites were searched. Internal and external reviews were conducted, with final approval by the Program in Evidence-Based Care and the Melanoma Disease Site Group. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach was followed, and the Modified Delphi method was used. Based on the current evidence (eight eligible original study papers and four relevant guidelines) and the clinical opinions of the authors of this guideline, the initial recommendations were made. To reach 75% agreement for each recommendation, the Melanoma Disease Site Group (16 members) voted twice and one recommendation was voted on three times. After a comprehensive internal and external review process (including national and international reviewers), 12 recommendations, three weak recommendations and six qualified statements were ultimately made. After a systematic review, a comprehensive internal and external review process and a consensus process, the current guideline has been created. The guideline authors believe that this guideline will help clinicians, patients and policymakers make well-informed healthcare decisions that will guide them in clinical melanoma surveillance and ultimately assist in improving patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the effect of the local low-pressure region in the atmosphere and rain on aerodynamic characteristics of medium altitude long endurance unmanned aerial vehicle (MALE-UAV) configuration during cruise/loiter. Computations are performed using CFD++, a commercial CFD software suite. A large low-pressure depression past the MALE UAV (symmetrically and asymmetrically) with pressure 10 - 15 % lower than the free stream pressure and a widespread rainfall type with a rainfall rate of 1195 mm/hr., are considered for CFD simulation. A large low pressure that spans the whole MALE-UAV results in a decrement in both lift and drag, but does not affect the yawing and rolling moments significantly. However, a low-pressure region that engulfs only one-half of MALE UAV causes sudden/abrupt changes in rolling and yawing moments. The effect of rain causes a significant decrease in a lift at higher alpha, accompanied by a decrease in stall angle of 2 degrees, and a significant increase in drag. From the study, a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) was adopted to fly UAVs in adverse weather effects, such that the aircraft can be operated with a velocity higher than 1.3Vstall and at a power setting not less than 75% of max power capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ramasubbamma Ramaiah,1 Aruna Jothishanmugam,2 Shadia Hamoud Alshahrani,1 Vanitha Innocent Rani,3 Bader Yahya Alshahrani,4 Logapriya Rajagopal Sambasivan,5 Justin Xavier Dhas6 1Medical and Surgical Department, College of Nursing, King Khalid University Abha, Khamis Mushait, Asir, Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Nursing, University College at Aldair, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; 3Psychiatric Nursing Department, Nursing College Mahayil, King Khalid University, Mahayil, Asir, Saudi Arabia; 4Supplies Warehouse Department, Armed Forces Hospital Southern Region, Khamis Mushait, Saudi Arabia; 5Biochemistry Department, Government Medical College, Thiruvallur, The TN Dr.MGR Medical University, Thiruvallur, TN, India; 6Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Department, Velammal Institute of Technology, Viraganur, Anna University, TN, IndiaCorrespondence: Ramasubbamma Ramaiah, Email rramaiah@kku.edu.saBackground: The rate of cesarean section is increasing from 15% to 40% in recent years. The type of delivery influences the hormonal, emotional and mental health of the mother, which correlates positively or negatively with the health benefits of the newborn. There have been many published studies on kangaroo mother care for mothers undergoing elective cesarean section, but there is still a lack of understanding about emergency cesarean section.Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the benefits of KMC practice for mothers undergoing emergency cesarean section in terms of hormone levels such as oxytocin, cortisol, prolactin, interleukin-6 and interleukin-10.Methods: This retrospective analysis used remnant serum (KMC group = 16; control group = 9), and clinical data such as KMC practice (15– 30 minutes three or four times daily until discharge), breastfeeding initiation time, feeding time, crying time and hospital stay were extracted from the electronic database. All hormone and cytokine expressions were quantitatively determined by ELISA. Comparisons within and between groups were performed using appropriate statistical tests.Results: In the KMC group, increased levels of the hormone oxytocin significantly reduced cortisol and IL-6 and negatively influenced prolactin and IL-10 levels. The elevated prolactin facilitates overall lactation behaviour, of which 64% reported breastfeeding directly at the breast. The cytokine analysis revealed a reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines and thereby an improved wound healing was seen in the KMC group.Conclusion: These quantitative results strongly encourage the use of KMC for mothers undergoing emergency cesarean section. These simple yet effective breastfeeding strategies promote maternal and infant health, which can reduce medication use.Keywords: lactation, KMC, nursing strategy, hormone, cytokine

The present work demonstrates the improvement in the pseudocapacitive performance of Cobalt (1, 3, and 5 wt%) doped Tungsten oxide (WO3) nanoparticles synthesized by the microwave irradiation method. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectra analysis indicate the successful doping of Co in the WO3 crystal matrix. Meanwhile, Co doping influences the surface morphology of pure WO3 by forming more smaller particles with elongation in the long axis. The specific surface area of WO3 (125.32m2 g−1) is increased by two times after doping of Co in WO3 (232.1 m2 g−1). Moreover, the electrochemical performance of 5 wt% Co doped WO3 is improved by five times higher than pristine WO3, ascribed to its high surface area and porosity. Also, it achieves the highest specific capacitance (517 F g−1) and energy density (14.55 Wh kg−1) at 1 A g−1 current density. The synergetic effect of the change in surface area and increased porosity due to doping of Co shows the enhancement in the electrochemical performance of WO3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The trimanganese tetraoxide (Mn3O4) nanoparticles (NPs) belong to transition metal oxides and play a vital role in decaying the organic pollutants by harvesting light. The Mn3O4 is synthesized by solution combustion method for different metal-to-fuel ratios. The variation of crystallite sizes of Mn3O4 NPs with changes in the fuel ratio was studied by powder X-ray diffraction. The d-spacing of the HR-TEM image's lattice fringes perfectly match the (200) plane of the XRD pattern. The surface chemistry and composition of samples was confirmed by XPS data. Absorption spectroscopy was used to estimate the optical bandgap of the prepared samples. The BET analysis revealed the decrease in surface area with the increase in crystallite size. The photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (RB) with crystallites of various shapes and sizes of Mn3O4 NPs was investigated. The degradation of RB increased with the enhancement in crystallinity of the sample. The proportion of RB dye degradation was found to be 99.75% in 2 h. The oxidizer-to-fuel ratio–dependent electrochemical investigations of Mn3O4 NPs were carried out using a three-electrode setup. Mn3O4 NPs were observed to be a better supercapacitor material with a specific capacitance of 58.91 F/g at 1 A/g. Hence, the prepared Mn3O4 samples can be used in cost-effective energy storage device applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Microbial plant pathogens deploy amphipathic cyclic lipopeptides to reduce surface tension in their environment. While plants can detect these molecules to activate cellular stress responses, the role of these lipopeptides or associated host responses in pathogenesis are not fully clear. The gramillin cyclic lipopeptide is produced by the Fusarium graminearum fungus and is a virulence factor and toxin in maize. Here, we show that gramillin promotes virulence and necrosis in both monocots and dicots by disrupting ion balance across membranes. Gramillin is a cation-conducting ionophore and causes plasma membrane depolarization. This disruption triggers cellular signaling, including a burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS), transcriptional reprogramming, and callose production. Gramillin-induced ROS depends on expression of host ILK1 and RBOHD genes, which promote fungal induction of virulence genes during infection and host susceptibility. We conclude that gramillin’s ionophore activity targets plant membranes to coordinate attack by the F. graminearum fungus.

Video capsule endoscope (VCE) is a developing methodology, which permits analysis of the full gastrointestinal (GI) tract with minimum intrusion. Although VCE permits for profound analysis, evaluating and analyzing for long hours of images is tiresome and cost-inefficient. To achieve automatic VCE-dependent GI disease detection, identifying the anatomical region shall permit for a more concentrated examination and abnormality identification in each area of the GI tract. Hence we proposed a hybrid (Long-short term memory-Visual Geometry Group network) LSTM-VGGNET based classification for the identification of the anatomical area inside the gastrointestinal tract caught by VCE images. The video input data is converted to frames such that the converted frame images are taken and are processed. The processing and classification of health condition data are done by the use of Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. In this paper, we proposed a prediction of medical abnormality from medical video data that includes the following stages as given: Pre-processing stage performs using Gabor filtering, histogram-based enhancement technique is employed for the enhancement of the image. Multi-linear component analysis-based feature selection is employed, and the classification stage performs using Hybrid LSTMVGGNET with the performance of accurate prediction rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stable carbon ([δ.sup.13]C) and nitrogen ([δ.sup.15]N) isotope (SI) values of sedimentary organic matter (SOM), seston and two dominant bivalves, Mytilus spp. and Macoma balthica, were studied at 18 stations along the European coast in spring and autumn 2004. Three main regions, the Baltic Sea (BS), the North Sea and English Channel (NS), and the Bay of Biscay (BB), were tested for possible geographic (latitudinal) differences in the SI values. In spring, only BS showed lower [δ.sup.13]C values of seston and Mytilus spp., and higher [δ.sup.15]N values of SOM, than NS and BB. No significant differences between the 3 regions were found in autumn. Irrespective of season and regions, Mytilus spp. was more [sup.13]C-depleted than M. balthica. [δ.sup.13]C values of M. balthica, but not those of Mytilus spp., were significantly correlated with SOM. These results are consistent with differences in feeding behavior of Mytilus spp. and M. balthica, as the two species are known as obligatory-suspension and facultative-deposit feeders, respectively. In contrast, no differences in the [δ.sup.15]N values of Mytilus spp. and M. balthica were found at individual stations, indicating the same trophic level of the two bivalves within the food webs. At some stations, irrespective of geographic location, both bivalves showed [δ.sup.13]N values up to 18-20 %. These were two trophic levels higher than those found at the other stations, indicating local and/or episodic eutrophic conditions, probably due to waste water discharge, and the effectiveness of both Mytilus spp. and M. balthica as bio-indicators of anthropogenic eutrophication. Overall, our results suggest that pathways of energy flow from OM pools to dominant bivalves is more related to local environmental conditions than to geographic regions across the European coastline. This has implications for food web studies along the Atlantic coast because most of the values are consistent over a large area and show no significant differences. Therefore, the present study can be used twofold for the determination of trophic baselines and for the correction of the trophic position of consumers higher up in the food web in the case of differences in waste water discharge., Introduction Stable isotope (SI) analysis is an extremely powerful tool to study element cycles and various biologic, physical, and chemical processes in ecological studies. The two most used SIs in [...]

In the present work, we have successfully synthesized pure tungsten oxide (WO3) and Sn (3 and 5 wt%)-doped WO3 nanoparticles using facile microwave irradiation method and studied about the electrochemical performances for supercapacitor electrode material. Structural and morphological studies of the prepared nanomaterials were investigated systematically. The powder XRD analysis reveals that pure WO3 and Sn-doped WO3 have monoclinic crystal structure and also crystallite size of the material decreases from 38 to 30 nm with increasing dopant concentration. Micro-Raman analysis confirms the formation of monoclinic phase with υ(O–W–O) stretching and δ(O–W–O) bending mode of vibration. SEM and micrographs show the elongation of the plate-like nanostructure of WO3 for the doping of Sn. High-resolution transmission electron microscope images depict the morphological change and increased porosity in doped samples. The supercapacitive performance and the electrochemical conductivity of the samples were analysed using cyclic voltammetry, chronopotentiometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. The results demonstrate that the 5 wt% Sn-doped WO3 electrode has the enhanced electrochemical performance in 1 M KOH with a maximum specific capacitance of 418 F g−1 at low current density of 1 A g−1. Also, it shows the increase in energy density from 4.88 to 11.77 Wh kg−1 with respect to the Sn concentration at the power density of 225 W kg−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]