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2. Reading Between the Demographic Lines: Resolving Sources of Bias in Toxicity Classifiers

Author

Reichert, Elizabeth, Qiu, Helen, and Bayrooti, Jasmine

Subjects
Computer Science - Computers and Society, Computer Science - Computation and Language
Abstract

The censorship of toxic comments is often left to the judgment of imperfect models. Perspective API, a creation of Google technology incubator Jigsaw, is perhaps the most widely used toxicity classifier in industry; the model is employed by several online communities including The New York Times to identify and filter out toxic comments with the goal of preserving online safety. Unfortunately, Google's model tends to unfairly assign higher toxicity scores to comments containing words referring to the identities of commonly targeted groups (e.g., "woman,'' "gay,'' etc.) because these identities are frequently referenced in a disrespectful manner in the training data. As a result, comments generated by marginalized groups referencing their identities are often mistakenly censored. It is important to be cognizant of this unintended bias and strive to mitigate its effects. To address this issue, we have constructed several toxicity classifiers with the intention of reducing unintended bias while maintaining strong classification performance., Comment: 8 pages, 13 figures

Published
2020

3. Umbilical Cord Milking vs Delayed Cord Clamping and Associations with In-Hospital Outcomes among Extremely Premature Infants

Author

Kumbhat, Neha, Eggleston, Barry, Davis, Alexis S, DeMauro, Sara B, Van Meurs, Krisa P, Foglia, Elizabeth E, Lakshminrusimha, Satyan, Walsh, Michele C, Watterberg, Kristi L, Wyckoff, Myra H, Das, Abhik, Handley, Sara C, Network, Generic Database Subcommittee of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research, Polin, Richard A, Laptook, R, Keszler, Martin, Hensman, Angelita M, Vieira, Elisa, St. Pierre, Lucille, Hibbs, Anna Maria, Truog, William E, Pallotto, Eugenia K, Parimi, Prabhu S, Gauldin, Cheri, Holmes, Anne, Knutson, Allison, Gaetano, Lisa, Poindexter, Brenda B, Schibler, Kurt, Merhar, Stephanie L, Grisby, Cathy, Kirker, Kristin, Cotten, C Michael, Goldberg, Ronald N, Finkle, Joanne, Fisher, Kimberley A, Laughon, Matthew M, Bose, Carl L, Bernhardt, Janice, Bose, Gennie, Clark, Cindy, Kicklighter, Stephen D, Rhodes-Ryan, Ginger, White, Donna, Carlton, David P, Patel, Ravi M, Loggins, Yvonne, Mackie, Colleen, Bottcher, Diane I, Bremer, Andrew A, Higgins, Rosemary D, Archer, Stephanie Wilson, Sokol, Gregory M, Herron, Dianne E, Tyson, Jon E, Khan, Amir M, Kennedy, Kathleen A, Pedrozza, Claudia, Eason, Elizabeth, Stephens, Emily K, McDavid, Georgia E, Martin, Karen, Hall, Donna, Wright, Sharon L, Sánchez, Pablo J, Nelin, Leif D, Jadcherla, Sudarshan R, Luzader, Patricia, Clark, Erna, Gutentag, Julie, Park, Courtney, Shadd, Julie C, Stein, Melanie, Baugher, Hallie, McCool, Jacqueline, Gantz, Marie G, Bann, Carla M, Wallace, Dennis, Zaterka-Baxter, Kristin M, Gabrio, Jenna, Leblond, David, Auman, Jeanette O'Donnell, Stevenson, David K, Chock, Valerie Y, Ball, M Bethany, Proud, Melinda S, Reichert, Elizabeth N, Williams, R Jordan, Carlo, Waldemar A, Ambalavanan, Namasivayam, Collins, Monica V, Cosby, Shirley S, McNair, Tara, Devaskar, Uday, Garg, Meena, Chanlaw, Teresa, Geller, Rachel, Bell, Edward F, Colaizy, Tarah T, and Ellsbury, Dan L

Subjects
Paediatrics, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Prevention, Preterm, Low Birth Weight and Health of the Newborn, Infant Mortality, Clinical Research, Neurosciences, Cardiovascular, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Perinatal Period - Conditions Originating in Perinatal Period, Pediatric, Reproductive health and childbirth, Good Health and Well Being, Cerebral Intraventricular Hemorrhage, Constriction, Female, Gestational Age, Hospital Mortality, Humans, Infant, Extremely Premature, Infant, Newborn, Male, Retrospective Studies, Umbilical Cord, Generic Database Subcommittee of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network, Neonatal Research Network, intraventricular hemorrhage, placental transfusion, Human Movement and Sports Sciences, Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine, Pediatrics
Abstract

ObjectiveTo compare in-hospital outcomes after umbilical cord milking vs delayed cord clamping among infants

Published
2021

4. Early-Life Outcomes in Relation to Social Determinants of Health for Children Born Extremely Preterm

Author

Jobe, Alan H., Caplan, Michael S., Polin, Richard A., Laptook, Abbot R., Keszler, Martin, Hensman, Angelita M., Alksninis, Barbara, Bishop, Carmena, Burke, Robert T., Caskey, Melinda, Hoffman, Laurie, Johnson, Katharine, Keszler, Mary Lenore, Knoll, Andrea M., Lamberson, Vita, Leach, Teresa M., Little, Emilee, McGowan, Elisabeth C., Stephens, Bonnie E., Vieira, Elisa, St. Pierre, Lucille, Ventura, Suzy, Watson, Victoria E., Hibbs, Anna Maria, Walsh, Michele C., Wilson-Costello, Deanne E., Newman, Nancy S., Bhola, Monika, Payne, Allison H., Siner, Bonnie S., Yalcinkaya, Gulgun, Truog, William E., Pallotto, Eugenia K., Kilbride, Howard W., Gauldin, Cheri, Holmes, Anne, Johnson, Kathy, Scott, Allison, Parimi, Prabhu S., Gaetano, Lisa, Poindexter, Brenda B., Schibler, Kurt, Kallapur, Suhas G., Donovan, Edward F., Merhar, Stephanie, Grisby, Cathy, Yolton, Kimberly, Alexander, Barbara, Beiersdorfer, Traci, Bridges, Kate, Cahill, Tanya E., Dudley, Juanita, Fischer, Estelle E., Gratton, Teresa L., Hayes, Devan, Hessling, Jody, Jackson, Lenora D., Kirker, Kristin, Mincey, Holly L., Muthig, Greg, Stacey, Sara, Steichen, Jean J., Tepe, Stacey, Thompson, Julia, Wuertz, Sandra, Cotten, C. Michael, Goldberg, Ronald N., Goldstein, Ricki F., Malcolm, William F., Mago-Shah, Deesha, Ashley, Patricia L., Finkle, Joanne, Auten, Kathy J., Fisher, Kimberley A., Grimes, Sandra, Gustafson, Kathryn E., Lohmeyer, Melody B., Laughon, Matthew M., Bose, Carl L., Bernhardt, Janice, Bose, Gennie, Clark, Cindy, Talbert, Jennifer, Warner, Diane, Trembath, Andrea, O'Shea, T. Michael, Wereszczak, Janice, Kicklighter, Stephen D., Rhodes-Ryan, Ginger, White, Donna, Patel, Ravi M., Carlton, David P., Stoll, Barbara J., Hale, Ellen C., Loggins, Yvonne C., Adams-Chapman, Ira, Blackwelder, Ann, Bottcher, Diane I., Carter, Sheena L., Kendrick-Allwood, Salathiel, Laursen, Judith, LaRossa, Maureen Mulligan, Mackie, Colleen, Sanders, Amy, Seabrook, Irma, Smikle, Gloria, Wineski, Lynn C., Higgins, Rosemary D., Bremer, Andrew A., Archer, Stephanie Wilson, Sokol, Gregory M., Dusick, Anna M., Papile, Lu Ann, Gunn, Susan, Hamer, Faithe, Harmon, Heidi M., Herron, Dianne E., Hines, Abbey C., Lytle, Carolyn, Miller, Lucy C., Minnich, Heike M., Richard, Leslie, Smiley, Lucy, Wilson, Leslie Dawn, Tyson, Jon E., Kennedy, Kathleen A., Khan, Amir M., Duncan, Andrea, Mosquera, Ricardo, Stephens, Emily K., McDavid, Georgia E., Alaniz, Nora I., Allain, Elizabeth, Arldt-McAlister, Julie, Burson, Katrina, Dempsey, Allison G., Eason, Elizabeth, Evans, Patricia W., Garcia, Carmen, Green, Charles, Hall, Donna, Harris, Beverly Foley, Jiminez, Margarita, John, Janice, Jones, Patrick M., Lillie, M. Layne, Lis, Anna E., Martin, Karen, Martin, Sara C., Mason, Carrie M., McKee, Shannon, Morris, Brenda H., Rennie, Kimberly, Rodgers, Shawna, Siddiki, Saba Khan, Simmons, Maegan C., Sperry, Daniel, Pierce Tate, Patti L., Wright, Sharon L., Sánchez, Pablo J., Nelin, Leif D., Jadcherla, Sudarshan R., Slaughter, Jonathan L., Yeates, Keith O., Keim, Sarah, Maitre, Nathalie L., Timan, Christopher J., Luzader, Patricia, Clark, Erna, Fortney, Christine A., Gutentag, Julie, Park, Courtney, Shadd, Julie, Sullivan, Margaret, Stein, Melanie, Nelin, Mary Ann, Newton, Julia, Small, Kristi, Burkhardt, Stephanie, Purnell, Jessica, Pietruszewski, Lindsay, Levengood, Katelyn, Batterson, Nancy, Morehead, Pamela, Carey, Helen, Yoseff-Salameh, Lina, Sullivan, Rox Ann, Hague, Cole, Grothause, Jennifer, Fearns, Erin, Fowler, Aubrey, Notestine, Jennifer, Tonneman, Jill, Hay, Krystal, Chao, Michelle, Warnimont, Kyrstin, Marzec, Laura, Miller, Bethany, Beckford, Demi R., Baugher, Hallie, DeSantis, Brittany, Hanlon, Cory, McCool, Jacqueline, Das, Abhik, Gantz, Marie G., Bann, Carla M., Wallace, Dennis, Crawford, Margaret M., Gabrio, Jenna, Leblond, David, Newman, Jamie E., Petrie Huitema, Carolyn M., O'Donnell Auman, Jeanette, Poole, W. Kenneth, Zaterka-Baxter, Kristin M., Van Meurs, Krisa P., Chock, Valerie Y., Stevenson, David K., Adams, Marian M., Ball, M. Bethany, Bentley, Barbara, Bruno, Elizabeth, Davis, Alexis S., Elena DeAnda, Maria, DeBattista, Anne M., Huffman, Lynne C., Ismael, Magdy, Kohn, Jean G., Krueger, Casey, Lowe, Janice, Lucash, Ryan E., Palmquist, Andrew W., Patel, Jessica, Proud, Melinda S., Reichert, Elizabeth N., John, Nicholas H. St., Sivakumar, Dharshi, Taylor, Heather L., Wager, Natalie, Williams, R. Jordan, Weiss, Hali, Frantz, Ivan D., III, Fiascone, John M., MacKinnon, Brenda L., Furey, Anne, Nylen, Ellen, Church, Paige T., Sibley, Cecelia E., Brussa, Ana K., Carlo, Waldemar A., Ambalavanan, Namasivayam, Peralta-Carcelen, Myriam, Nelson, Kathleen G., Bailey, Kirstin J., Biasini, Fred J., Chopko, Stephanie A., Collins, Monica V., Cosby, Shirley S., Johnston, Kristen C., Moses, Mary Beth, Patterson, Cryshelle S., Phillips, Vivien A., Preskitt, Julie, Rector, Richard V., Whitley, Sally, Devaskar, Uday, Garg, Meena, Purdy, Isabell B., Chanlaw, Teresa, Geller, Rachel, Finer, Neil N., Vaucher, Yvonne E., Kaegi, David, Rasmussen, Maynard R., Arnell, Kathy, Demetrio, Clarence, Fuller, Martha G., Rich, Wade, Bell, Edward F., Colaizy, Tarah T., Widness, John A., Brumbaugh, Jane E., Acarregui, Michael J., Johnson, Karen J., Eastman, Diane L., Goeke, Claire A., Schmelzel, Mendi L., Walker, Jacky R., Baack, Michelle L., Hogden, Laurie A., Broadbent, Megan, Elenkiwich, Chelsey, Henning, Megan M., Van Muyden, Sarah, Ellsbury, Dan L., Campbell, Donia B., Tud, Tracy L., Duara, Shahnaz, Bauer, Charles R., Everett-Thomas, Ruth, Fajardo-Hiriart, Sylvia, Rigaud, Arielle, Calejo, Maria, Frade Eguaras, Silvia M., Berkowits, Michelle Harwood, Garcia, Andrea, Pierre, Helina, Stoerger, Alexandra, Watterberg, Kristi L., Fuller, Janell, Ohls, Robin K., Beauman, Sandra Sundquist, Lacy, Conra Backstrom, Duncan, Andrea F., Hanson, Mary, Hartenberger, Carol, Kuan, Elizabeth, Lowe, Jean R., Thomson, Rebecca A., DeMauro, Sara B., Eichenwald, Eric C., Schmidt, Barbara, Kirpalani, Haresh, Chaudhary, Aasma S., Abbasi, Soraya, Mancini, Toni, Catts, Christine, Cook, Noah, Cucinotta, Dara M., Bernbaum, Judy C., Gerdes, Marsha, Ghavam, Sarvin, Hurt, Hallam, Snyder, Jonathan, Vangala, Saritha, Ziolkowski, Kristina, D'Angio, Carl T., Phelps, Dale L., Guillet, Ronnie, Myers, Gary J., Andrews-Hartley, Michelle, Johnson, Julie Babish, Binion, Kyle, Bowman, Melissa, Boylin, Elizabeth, Burnell, Erica, Coleman, Kelly R., Fallone, Cait, Farooq, Osman, Hunn, Julianne, Hust, Diane, Jensen, Rosemary L., Jones, Rachel, Kachelmeyer, Jennifer, Kushner, Emily, Maffett, Deanna, McKee, Kimberly G., Merzbach, Joan, Orme, Constance, Prinzing, Diane, Reubens, Linda J., Rochez, Daisy, Rowan, Mary, Sabaratnam, Premini, Scorsone, Ann Marie, Wadkins, Holly I.M., Yost, Kelley, Zwetsch, Lauren, Lakshminrusimha, Satyan, Reynolds, Anne Marie, Sacilowski, Michael G., Guilford, Stephanie, Li, Emily, Williams, Ashley, Zorn, William A., Wyckoff, Myra H., Brion, Luc P., Salhab, Walid A., Rosenfeld, Charles R., Heyne, Roy J., Vasil, Diana M., Adams, Sally S., Chen, Lijun, De Leon, Maria M., Eubanks, Francis, Guzman, Alicia, Hensley, Gaynelle, Heyne, Elizabeth T., Lee, Lizette E., Leps, Melissa H., Madden, Linda A., McDougald, E. Rebecca, Miller, Nancy A., Morgan, Janet S., Pavageau, Lara, Sepulveda, Pollieanna, Tolentino-Plata, Kristine, Boatman, Cathy Twell, Vera, Azucena, Waterbury, Jillian, Yoder, Bradley A., Baserga, Mariana, Faix, Roger G., Winter, Sarah, Minton, Stephen D., Sheffield, Mark J., Rau, Carrie A., Baker, Shawna, Bird, Karie, Burnett, Jill, Christensen, Susan, Cole-Bledsoe, Laura, Davis, Brandy, Elmont, Jennifer O., Jensen, Jennifer J., Loertscher, Manndi C., Jordan, Jamie, Marchant, Trisha, Maxson, Earl, McGrath, Kandace M., Osborne, Karen A., Parry, D. Melody, Reich, Brixen A., Schaefer, Susan T., Spencer, Cynthia, Steffen, Michael, Tice, Katherine, Weaver-Lewis, Kimberlee, Woodbury, Kathryn D., Zanetti, Karen, Dillard, Robert G., Washburn, Lisa K., Jackson, Barbara G., Peters, Nancy, Chiu, Korinne, Allred, Deborah Evans, Goldstein, Donald J., Halfond, Raquel, Peterson, Carroll, Waldrep, Ellen L., Welch, Cherrie D., Morris, Melissa Whalen, Hounshell, Gail Wiley, Shankaran, Seetha, Sood, Beena G., Natarajan, Girija, Pappas, Athina, Abramczyk, Katherine, Agarwal, Prashant, Bajaj, Monika, Bara, Rebecca, Billian, Elizabeth, Chawla, Sanjay, Childs, Kirsten, De Jesus, Lilia C., Driscoll, Debra, February, Melissa, Goldston, Laura A., Johnson, Mary E., Muran, Geraldine, Panaitescu, Bogdan, Prentiss, Jeannette E., White, Diane, Woldt, Eunice, Barks, John, Wiggins, Stephanie A., Christensen, Mary K., Carlson, Martha D., Ehrenkranz, Richard A., Jacobs, Harris, Butler, Christine G., Cervone, Patricia, Greisman, Sheila, Konstantino, Monica, Poulsen, JoAnn, Taft, Janet, Williams, Joanne, Romano, Elaine, Vohr, Betty R., Travers, Colm P., and Hintz, Susan R.

Published
2023
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9. Umbilical Cord Milking vs Delayed Cord Clamping and Associations with In-Hospital Outcomes among Extremely Premature Infants

Author

Polin, Richard A., Laptook, Abbot R., Keszler, Martin, Hensman, Angelita M., Vieira, Elisa, Pierre, Lucille St., Hibbs, Anna Maria, Truog, William E., Pallotto, Eugenia K., Parimi, Prabhu S., Gauldin, Cheri, Holmes, Anne, Knutson, Allison, Gaetano, Lisa, Poindexter, Brenda B., Schibler, Kurt, Merhar, Stephanie L., Grisby, Cathy, Kirker, Kristin, Cotten, C. Michael, Goldberg, Ronald N., Finkle, Joanne, Fisher, Kimberley A., Laughon, Matthew M., Bose, Carl L., Bernhardt, Janice, Bose, Gennie, Clark, Cindy, Kicklighter, Stephen D., Rhodes-Ryan, Ginger, White, Donna, Carlton, David P., Patel, Ravi M., Loggins, Yvonne, Mackie, Colleen, Bottcher, Diane I., Bremer, Andrew A., Higgins, Rosemary D., Wilson Archer, Stephanie, Sokol, Gregory M., Herron, Dianne E., Tyson, Jon E., Khan, Amir M., Kennedy, Kathleen A., Pedrozza, Claudia, Eason, Elizabeth, Stephens, Emily K., McDavid, Georgia E., Martin, Karen, Hall, Donna, Wright, Sharon L., Sánchez, Pablo J., Nelin, Leif D., Jadcherla, Sudarshan R., Luzader, Patricia, Clark, Erna, Gutentag, Julie, Park, Courtney, Shadd, Julie C., Stein, Melanie, Baugher, Hallie, McCool, Jacqueline, Gantz, Marie G., Bann, Carla M., Wallace, Dennis, Zaterka-Baxter, Kristin M., Gabrio, Jenna, Leblond, David, Auman, Jeanette O'Donnell, Stevenson, David K., Chock, Valerie Y., Ball, M. Bethany, Proud, Melinda S., Reichert, Elizabeth N., Williams, R. Jordan, Carlo, Waldemar A., Ambalavanan, Namasivayam, Collins, Monica V., Cosby, Shirley S., McNair, Tara, Devaskar, Uday, Garg, Meena, Chanlaw, Teresa, Geller, Rachel, Bell, Edward F., Colaizy, Tarah T., Ellsbury, Dan L., Baack, Michelle L., Johnson, Karen J., Schmelzel, Mendi L., Walker, Jacky R., Goeke, Claire A., Tud, Tracy L., Elenkiwich, Chelsey, Henning, Megan M., Broadbent, Megan, Hogden, Laurie A., Brumbaugh, Jane E., Klein, Jonathan M., Dagle, John M., Fuller, Janell, Ohls, Robin K., Sundquist Beauman, Sandra, Backstrom Lacy, Conra, Hartenberger, Carol, Hanson, Mary, Kuan, Elizabeth, Eichenwald, Eric C., Schmidt, Barbara, Kirpalani, Haresh, Abbasi, Soraya, Catts, Christine, Chaudhary, Aasma S., Ghavam, Sarvin, Mancini, Toni, Snyder, Jonathan, D'Angio, Carl T., Guillet, Ronnie, Reynolds, Anne Marie, Wadkins, Holly I.M., Sacilowski, Michael G., Rowan, Mary, Jensen, Rosemary L., Maffett, Deanna, Prinzing, Diane, Scorsone, Ann Marie, Binion, Kyle, Guilford, Stephanie, Orme, Constance, Sabaratnam, Premini, Daisy Rochez, Li, Emily, Donato, Jennifer, Lakshminrusimha, Satyan, Jones, Rachel, Brion, Luc P., DeLeon, Maria M., Eubanks, Frances, Sepulvida, Pollieanna, Vasil, Diana M., Yoder, Bradley A., Baserga, Mariana, Minton, Stephen D., Sheffield, Mark J., Rau, Carrie A., Burnett, Jill, Davis, Brandy, Christensen, Susan, Loertscher, Manndi C., Marchant, Trisha, Maxson, Earl, McGrath, Kandace, Elmont, Jennifer O., Parry, Melody, Schaefer, Susan T., Weaver-Lewis, Kimberlee, Woodbury, Kathryn D., Shankaran, Seetha, Natarajan, Girija, Chawla, Sanjay, Childs, Kirsten, Panaitescu, Bogdan, Barks, John, White, Diane F., Kumbhat, Neha, Eggleston, Barry, Davis, Alexis S., DeMauro, Sara B., Van Meurs, Krisa P., Foglia, Elizabeth E., Walsh, Michele C., Watterberg, Kristi L., Wyckoff, Myra H., Das, Abhik, and Handley, Sara C.

Published
2021
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11. Behavior Profiles at 2 Years for Children Born Extremely Preterm with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Author

Caplan, Michael S., Polin, Richard A., Laptook, Abbot R., Keszler, Martin, Hensman, Angelita M., Vieira, Elisa, Little, Emilee, Burke, Robert T., Stephens, Bonnie E., Alksninis, Barbara, Bishop, Carmena, Keszler, Mary L., Leach, Teresa M., Watson, Victoria E., Knoll, Andrea M., Walsh, Michele C., Fanaroff, Avroy A., Newman, Nancy S., Wilson-Costello, Deanne E., Payne, Allison, Bhola, Monika, Yalcinkaya, Gulgun, Siner, Bonnie S., Friedman, Harriet G., Roth, Elizabeth, Truog, William E., Pallotto, Eugenia K., Kilbride, Howard W., Gauldin, Cheri, Holmes, Anne, Johnson, Kathy, Knutson, Allison, Schibler, Kurt, Poindexter, Brenda B., Merhar, Stephanie, Yolton, Kimberly, Gratton, Teresa L., Grisby, Cathy, Kirker, Kristin, Wuertz, Sandra, Carlton, David P., Adams-Chapman, Ira, Hale, Ellen C., Loggins, Yvonne C., Bottcher, Diane I., Mackie, Colleen, Carter, Sheena L., LaRossa, Maureen Mulligan, Wineski, Lynn C., Smikle, Gloria V., Leon-Hernandez, Angela, Kendrick-Allwood, Salathiel, Cotten, C. Michael, Goldberg, Ronald N., Goldstein, Ricki F., Malcolm, William F., Ashley, Patricia L., Finkle, Joanne, Fisher, Kimberley A., Grimes, Sandra, Gustafson, Kathryn E., Laughon, Matthew M., Bose, Carl L., Bernhardt, Janice, Bose, Gennie, Warner, Diane, Wereszczak, Janice, Kicklighter, Stephen D., Rhodes-Ryan, Ginger, Higgins, Rosemary D., Wilson Archer, Stephanie, Sokol, Gregory M., Papile, Lu Ann, Hines, Abbey C., Herron, Dianne E., Gunn, Susan, Smiley, Lucy, Kennedy, Kathleen A., Tyson, Jon E., Arldt-McAlister, Julie, Burson, Katrina, Dempsey, Allison G., Evans, Patricia W., Garcia, Carmen, Jiminez, Margarita, John, Janice, Jones, Patrick M., Lillie, M. Layne, Martin, Karen, Martin, Sara C., McDavid, Georgia E., Rodgers, Shawna, Siddiki, Saba Khan, Sperry, Daniel, Pierce Tate, Patti L., Wright, Sharon L., Sánchez, Pablo J., Nelin, Leif D., Jadcherla, Sudarshan R., Luzader, Patricia, Fortney, Christine A., Besner, Gail E., Parikh, Nehal A., Wallace, Dennis, Gantz, Marie G., Newman, Jamie E., Auman, Jeanette O'Donnell, Crawford, Margaret, Gabrio, Jenna, Leblond, David, Petrie Huitema, Carolyn M., Zaterka-Baxter, Kristin M., Van Meurs, Krisa P., Chock, Valerie Y., Stevenson, David K., Adams, Marian M., Ball, M. Bethany, Bentley, Barbara, DeAnda, Maria Elena, Debattista, Anne M., Earhart, Beth, Huffman, Lynne C., Ismael, Magdy, Krueger, Casey E., Palmquist, Andrew W., Proud, Melinda S., Reichert, Elizabeth N., Sankar, Meera N., St. John, Nicholas H., Taylor, Heather L., Weiss, Hali E., Frantz, Ivan D., III, Fiascone, John M., MacKinnon, Brenda L., Nylen, Ellen, Furey, Anne, Sibley, Cecelia E., Brussa, Ana K., Carlo, Waldemar A., Ambalavanan, Namasivayam, Bailey, Kirstin J., Biasini, Fred J., Collins, Monica V., Cosby, Shirley S., Phillips, Vivien A., Rector, Richard V., Whitley, Sally, Devaskar, Uday, Garg, Meena, Purdy, Isabell B., Chanlaw, Teresa, Geller, Rachel, Finer, Neil N., Vaucher, Yvonne E., Kaegi, David, Rasmussen, Maynard R., Arnell, Kathy, Demetrio, Clarence, Fuller, Martha G., Rich, Wade, West, Radmila, Baack, Michelle L., Ellsbury, Dan L., Hogden, Laurie A., Klein, Jonathan M., Dagle, John M., Johnson, Karen J., Tud, Tracy L., Elenkiwich, Chelsey, Henning, Megan M., Broadbent, Megan, Schmelzel, Mendi L., Walker, Jacky R., Goeke, Claire A., Watterberg, Kristi L., Ohls, Robin K., Backstrom Lacy, Conra, Brown, Sandra, Fuller, Janell, Hartenberger, Carol, Lowe, Jean R., Sundquist Beauman, Sandra, Hanson, Mary Ruffner, Dupont, Tara, Kuan, Elizabeth, Schmidt, Barbara, Kirpalani, Haresh, Chaudhary, Aasma S., Abbasi, Soraya, Mancini, Toni, Cucinotta, Dara M., Bernbaum, Judy C., Gerdes, Marsha, Hurt, Hallam, D'Angio, Carl T., Guillet, Ronnie, Myers, Gary J., Lakshminrusimha, Satyan, Reynolds, Anne Marie, Hartley-McAndrew, Michelle E., Wadkins, Holly I.M., Sacilowski, Michael G., Reubens, Linda J., Jensen, Rosemary L., Merzbach, Joan, Zorn, William, Farooq, Osman, Maffett, Deanna, Williams, Ashley, Hunn, Julianne, Guilford, Stephanie, Yost, Kelley, Rowan, Mary, Prinzing, Diane M., Wynn, Karen, Fallone, Cait, Scorsone, Ann Marie, Wyckoff, Myra H., Brion, Luc P., Heyne, Roy J., Vasil, Diana M., Adams, Sally S., Chen, Lijun, De Leon, Maria M., Eubanks, Frances, Guzman, Alicia, Heyne, Elizabeth T., Madden, Linda A., Miller, Nancy A., Lee, Lizette E., Pavageau, Lara, Sepulveda, Pollieanna, Boatman, Cathy Twell, Faix, Roger G., Yoder, Bradley A., Baserga, Mariana, Osborne, Karen A., Baker, Shawna, Bird, Karie, Burnett, Jill, Christensen, Susan, Davis, Brandy, Elmont, Jennifer O., Jensen, Jennifer J., Loertscher, Manndi C., Marchant, Trisha, Maxson, Earl, Minton, Stephen D., Parry, D. Melody, Rau, Carrie A., Schaefer, Susan T., Sheffield, Mark J., Spencer, Cynthia, Steffen, Mike, Weaver-Lewis, Kimberlee, Winter, Sarah, Woodbury, Kathryn D., Zanetti, Karen, Shankaran, Seetha, Chawla, Sanjay, Sood, Beena G., Pappas, Athina, Natarajan, Girija, Bajaj, Monika, Bara, Rebecca, Johnson, Mary E., Goldston, Laura, Wiggins, Stephanie A., Christensen, Mary K., Carlson, Martha, Barks, John, White, Diane F., Ehrenkranz, Richard A., Jacobs, Harris, Butler, Christine G., Cervone, Patricia, Greisman, Sheila, Konstantino, Monica, Poulsen, JoAnn, Taft, Janet, Romano, Elaine, Brumbaugh, Jane E., Bell, Edward F., Grey, Scott F., DeMauro, Sara B., Vohr, Betty R., Harmon, Heidi M., Bann, Carla M., Rysavy, Matthew A., Logan, J. Wells, Colaizy, Tarah T., Peralta-Carcelen, Myriam A., McGowan, Elisabeth C., Duncan, Andrea F., Stoll, Barbara J., Das, Abhik, and Hintz, Susan R.

Published
2020
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13. Nautilus Field Season Overview

Author

Raineault, Nicole A., Gee, Lindsay, Mayer, Larry, Heffron, Erin, Turchik, Alan, Mittelstaedt, Eric, Hourigan, Thomas, Cormier, Marie-Helene, Baumberger, Tamara, Merle, Susan, Wilkinson, Camilla, Roe, Kevin, Buck, Nathan, Embley, Robert, Seabrook, Sarah, Crawford, Rebecca, Norgard, Tammy, Du Preez, Cherisse, Yakgujanaas, Jaasaljuus, Clarkson, Molly, Chaves, Lais, Rangeley, Robert, Ciraolo, Alessia, Gale, Katie S.P., Haggarty, Dana, Pegg, James, McNicoll, Caroline, Du Preez, Shelton, Jameson, Brett, Leith, Mandy, Juniper, S. Kim, Elliot, Leslie, St Germain, Candice, Whyte, Jennifer, Fundis, Allison, Kane, Renato, Round, Adrian, De Leo, Fabio, Scherwath, Martin, Douglas, Karen, Lacy, Samantha, Soule, Adam, German, Christopher R., Lim, Darlene S.S., Zoeller, Michael, Parcheta, Carolyn, Alanis, Briana, Brier, John A., Chan, Eric, Emerson, David, Garcia, Angela, Huber, Julie A., Nawotniak, Shannon Kobs, Milesi, Vincent, Shields, Ashley, Shock, Everett, Smith, Amy, Seewald, Jeffrey S., Trembath-Reichert, Elizabeth, Mirmalek, Zara, Miller, Matthew J., Cohen, Tamar, Lees, David, Deans, Matthew, Kelley, Christopher, Balbas, Andrea, Wanless, Dorsey, Marsh, Leigh, Wipfler, Rebecca, Bellucci, Lila Ardor, King, Chad, Brown, Jennifer, Ballard, Robert D., Broad, Kenneth, Coleman, Dwight F., and Schmidt, Val

Published
2019

16. Early-Life Outcomes in Relation to Social Determinants of Health for Children Born Extremely Preterm

Author

Brumbaugh, Jane E., primary, Vohr, Betty R., additional, Bell, Edward F., additional, Bann, Carla M., additional, Travers, Colm P., additional, McGowan, Elisabeth C., additional, Harmon, Heidi M., additional, Carlo, Waldemar A., additional, Duncan, Andrea F., additional, Hintz, Susan R., additional, Jobe, Alan H., additional, Caplan, Michael S., additional, Polin, Richard A., additional, Laptook, Abbot R., additional, Keszler, Martin, additional, Hensman, Angelita M., additional, Alksninis, Barbara, additional, Bishop, Carmena, additional, Burke, Robert T., additional, Caskey, Melinda, additional, Hoffman, Laurie, additional, Johnson, Katharine, additional, Keszler, Mary Lenore, additional, Knoll, Andrea M., additional, Lamberson, Vita, additional, Leach, Teresa M., additional, Little, Emilee, additional, Stephens, Bonnie E., additional, Vieira, Elisa, additional, St. Pierre, Lucille, additional, Ventura, Suzy, additional, Watson, Victoria E., additional, Hibbs, Anna Maria, additional, Walsh, Michele C., additional, Wilson-Costello, Deanne E., additional, Newman, Nancy S., additional, Bhola, Monika, additional, Payne, Allison H., additional, Siner, Bonnie S., additional, Yalcinkaya, Gulgun, additional, Truog, William E., additional, Pallotto, Eugenia K., additional, Kilbride, Howard W., additional, Gauldin, Cheri, additional, Holmes, Anne, additional, Johnson, Kathy, additional, Scott, Allison, additional, Parimi, Prabhu S., additional, Gaetano, Lisa, additional, Poindexter, Brenda B., additional, Schibler, Kurt, additional, Kallapur, Suhas G., additional, Donovan, Edward F., additional, Merhar, Stephanie, additional, Grisby, Cathy, additional, Yolton, Kimberly, additional, Alexander, Barbara, additional, Beiersdorfer, Traci, additional, Bridges, Kate, additional, Cahill, Tanya E., additional, Dudley, Juanita, additional, Fischer, Estelle E., additional, Gratton, Teresa L., additional, Hayes, Devan, additional, Hessling, Jody, additional, Jackson, Lenora D., additional, Kirker, Kristin, additional, Mincey, Holly L., additional, Muthig, Greg, additional, Stacey, Sara, additional, Steichen, Jean J., additional, Tepe, Stacey, additional, Thompson, Julia, additional, Wuertz, Sandra, additional, Cotten, C. Michael, additional, Goldberg, Ronald N., additional, Goldstein, Ricki F., additional, Malcolm, William F., additional, Mago-Shah, Deesha, additional, Ashley, Patricia L., additional, Finkle, Joanne, additional, Auten, Kathy J., additional, Fisher, Kimberley A., additional, Grimes, Sandra, additional, Gustafson, Kathryn E., additional, Lohmeyer, Melody B., additional, Laughon, Matthew M., additional, Bose, Carl L., additional, Bernhardt, Janice, additional, Bose, Gennie, additional, Clark, Cindy, additional, Talbert, Jennifer, additional, Warner, Diane, additional, Trembath, Andrea, additional, O'Shea, T. Michael, additional, Wereszczak, Janice, additional, Kicklighter, Stephen D., additional, Rhodes-Ryan, Ginger, additional, White, Donna, additional, Patel, Ravi M., additional, Carlton, David P., additional, Stoll, Barbara J., additional, Hale, Ellen C., additional, Loggins, Yvonne C., additional, Adams-Chapman, Ira, additional, Blackwelder, Ann, additional, Bottcher, Diane I., additional, Carter, Sheena L., additional, Kendrick-Allwood, Salathiel, additional, Laursen, Judith, additional, LaRossa, Maureen Mulligan, additional, Mackie, Colleen, additional, Sanders, Amy, additional, Seabrook, Irma, additional, Smikle, Gloria, additional, Wineski, Lynn C., additional, Higgins, Rosemary D., additional, Bremer, Andrew A., additional, Archer, Stephanie Wilson, additional, Sokol, Gregory M., additional, Dusick, Anna M., additional, Papile, Lu Ann, additional, Gunn, Susan, additional, Hamer, Faithe, additional, Herron, Dianne E., additional, Hines, Abbey C., additional, Lytle, Carolyn, additional, Miller, Lucy C., additional, Minnich, Heike M., additional, Richard, Leslie, additional, Smiley, Lucy, additional, Wilson, Leslie Dawn, additional, Tyson, Jon E., additional, Kennedy, Kathleen A., additional, Khan, Amir M., additional, Duncan, Andrea, additional, Mosquera, Ricardo, additional, Stephens, Emily K., additional, McDavid, Georgia E., additional, Alaniz, Nora I., additional, Allain, Elizabeth, additional, Arldt-McAlister, Julie, additional, Burson, Katrina, additional, Dempsey, Allison G., additional, Eason, Elizabeth, additional, Evans, Patricia W., additional, Garcia, Carmen, additional, Green, Charles, additional, Hall, Donna, additional, Harris, Beverly Foley, additional, Jiminez, Margarita, additional, John, Janice, additional, Jones, Patrick M., additional, Lillie, M. Layne, additional, Lis, Anna E., additional, Martin, Karen, additional, Martin, Sara C., additional, Mason, Carrie M., additional, McKee, Shannon, additional, Morris, Brenda H., additional, Rennie, Kimberly, additional, Rodgers, Shawna, additional, Siddiki, Saba Khan, additional, Simmons, Maegan C., additional, Sperry, Daniel, additional, Pierce Tate, Patti L., additional, Wright, Sharon L., additional, Sánchez, Pablo J., additional, Nelin, Leif D., additional, Jadcherla, Sudarshan R., additional, Slaughter, Jonathan L., additional, Yeates, Keith O., additional, Keim, Sarah, additional, Maitre, Nathalie L., additional, Timan, Christopher J., additional, Luzader, Patricia, additional, Clark, Erna, additional, Fortney, Christine A., additional, Gutentag, Julie, additional, Park, Courtney, additional, Shadd, Julie, additional, Sullivan, Margaret, additional, Stein, Melanie, additional, Nelin, Mary Ann, additional, Newton, Julia, additional, Small, Kristi, additional, Burkhardt, Stephanie, additional, Purnell, Jessica, additional, Pietruszewski, Lindsay, additional, Levengood, Katelyn, additional, Batterson, Nancy, additional, Morehead, Pamela, additional, Carey, Helen, additional, Yoseff-Salameh, Lina, additional, Sullivan, Rox Ann, additional, Hague, Cole, additional, Grothause, Jennifer, additional, Fearns, Erin, additional, Fowler, Aubrey, additional, Notestine, Jennifer, additional, Tonneman, Jill, additional, Hay, Krystal, additional, Chao, Michelle, additional, Warnimont, Kyrstin, additional, Marzec, Laura, additional, Miller, Bethany, additional, Beckford, Demi R., additional, Baugher, Hallie, additional, DeSantis, Brittany, additional, Hanlon, Cory, additional, McCool, Jacqueline, additional, Das, Abhik, additional, Gantz, Marie G., additional, Wallace, Dennis, additional, Crawford, Margaret M., additional, Gabrio, Jenna, additional, Leblond, David, additional, Newman, Jamie E., additional, Petrie Huitema, Carolyn M., additional, O'Donnell Auman, Jeanette, additional, Poole, W. Kenneth, additional, Zaterka-Baxter, Kristin M., additional, Van Meurs, Krisa P., additional, Chock, Valerie Y., additional, Stevenson, David K., additional, Adams, Marian M., additional, Ball, M. Bethany, additional, Bentley, Barbara, additional, Bruno, Elizabeth, additional, Davis, Alexis S., additional, Elena DeAnda, Maria, additional, DeBattista, Anne M., additional, Huffman, Lynne C., additional, Ismael, Magdy, additional, Kohn, Jean G., additional, Krueger, Casey, additional, Lowe, Janice, additional, Lucash, Ryan E., additional, Palmquist, Andrew W., additional, Patel, Jessica, additional, Proud, Melinda S., additional, Reichert, Elizabeth N., additional, John, Nicholas H. St., additional, Sivakumar, Dharshi, additional, Taylor, Heather L., additional, Wager, Natalie, additional, Williams, R. Jordan, additional, Weiss, Hali, additional, Frantz, Ivan D., additional, Fiascone, John M., additional, MacKinnon, Brenda L., additional, Furey, Anne, additional, Nylen, Ellen, additional, Church, Paige T., additional, Sibley, Cecelia E., additional, Brussa, Ana K., additional, Ambalavanan, Namasivayam, additional, Peralta-Carcelen, Myriam, additional, Nelson, Kathleen G., additional, Bailey, Kirstin J., additional, Biasini, Fred J., additional, Chopko, Stephanie A., additional, Collins, Monica V., additional, Cosby, Shirley S., additional, Johnston, Kristen C., additional, Moses, Mary Beth, additional, Patterson, Cryshelle S., additional, Phillips, Vivien A., additional, Preskitt, Julie, additional, Rector, Richard V., additional, Whitley, Sally, additional, Devaskar, Uday, additional, Garg, Meena, additional, Purdy, Isabell B., additional, Chanlaw, Teresa, additional, Geller, Rachel, additional, Finer, Neil N., additional, Vaucher, Yvonne E., additional, Kaegi, David, additional, Rasmussen, Maynard R., additional, Arnell, Kathy, additional, Demetrio, Clarence, additional, Fuller, Martha G., additional, Rich, Wade, additional, Colaizy, Tarah T., additional, Widness, John A., additional, Brumbaugh, Jane E., additional, Acarregui, Michael J., additional, Johnson, Karen J., additional, Eastman, Diane L., additional, Goeke, Claire A., additional, Schmelzel, Mendi L., additional, Walker, Jacky R., additional, Baack, Michelle L., additional, Hogden, Laurie A., additional, Broadbent, Megan, additional, Elenkiwich, Chelsey, additional, Henning, Megan M., additional, Van Muyden, Sarah, additional, Ellsbury, Dan L., additional, Campbell, Donia B., additional, Tud, Tracy L., additional, Duara, Shahnaz, additional, Bauer, Charles R., additional, Everett-Thomas, Ruth, additional, Fajardo-Hiriart, Sylvia, additional, Rigaud, Arielle, additional, Calejo, Maria, additional, Frade Eguaras, Silvia M., additional, Berkowits, Michelle Harwood, additional, Garcia, Andrea, additional, Pierre, Helina, additional, Stoerger, Alexandra, additional, Watterberg, Kristi L., additional, Fuller, Janell, additional, Ohls, Robin K., additional, Beauman, Sandra Sundquist, additional, Lacy, Conra Backstrom, additional, Hanson, Mary, additional, Hartenberger, Carol, additional, Kuan, Elizabeth, additional, Lowe, Jean R., additional, Thomson, Rebecca A., additional, DeMauro, Sara B., additional, Eichenwald, Eric C., additional, Schmidt, Barbara, additional, Kirpalani, Haresh, additional, Chaudhary, Aasma S., additional, Abbasi, Soraya, additional, Mancini, Toni, additional, Catts, Christine, additional, Cook, Noah, additional, Cucinotta, Dara M., additional, Bernbaum, Judy C., additional, Gerdes, Marsha, additional, Ghavam, Sarvin, additional, Hurt, Hallam, additional, Snyder, Jonathan, additional, Vangala, Saritha, additional, Ziolkowski, Kristina, additional, D'Angio, Carl T., additional, Phelps, Dale L., additional, Guillet, Ronnie, additional, Myers, Gary J., additional, Andrews-Hartley, Michelle, additional, Johnson, Julie Babish, additional, Binion, Kyle, additional, Bowman, Melissa, additional, Boylin, Elizabeth, additional, Burnell, Erica, additional, Coleman, Kelly R., additional, Fallone, Cait, additional, Farooq, Osman, additional, Hunn, Julianne, additional, Hust, Diane, additional, Jensen, Rosemary L., additional, Jones, Rachel, additional, Kachelmeyer, Jennifer, additional, Kushner, Emily, additional, Maffett, Deanna, additional, McKee, Kimberly G., additional, Merzbach, Joan, additional, Orme, Constance, additional, Prinzing, Diane, additional, Reubens, Linda J., additional, Rochez, Daisy, additional, Rowan, Mary, additional, Sabaratnam, Premini, additional, Scorsone, Ann Marie, additional, Wadkins, Holly I.M., additional, Yost, Kelley, additional, Zwetsch, Lauren, additional, Lakshminrusimha, Satyan, additional, Reynolds, Anne Marie, additional, Sacilowski, Michael G., additional, Guilford, Stephanie, additional, Li, Emily, additional, Williams, Ashley, additional, Zorn, William A., additional, Wyckoff, Myra H., additional, Brion, Luc P., additional, Salhab, Walid A., additional, Rosenfeld, Charles R., additional, Heyne, Roy J., additional, Vasil, Diana M., additional, Adams, Sally S., additional, Chen, Lijun, additional, De Leon, Maria M., additional, Eubanks, Francis, additional, Guzman, Alicia, additional, Hensley, Gaynelle, additional, Heyne, Elizabeth T., additional, Lee, Lizette E., additional, Leps, Melissa H., additional, Madden, Linda A., additional, McDougald, E. Rebecca, additional, Miller, Nancy A., additional, Morgan, Janet S., additional, Pavageau, Lara, additional, Sepulveda, Pollieanna, additional, Tolentino-Plata, Kristine, additional, Boatman, Cathy Twell, additional, Vera, Azucena, additional, Waterbury, Jillian, additional, Yoder, Bradley A., additional, Baserga, Mariana, additional, Faix, Roger G., additional, Winter, Sarah, additional, Minton, Stephen D., additional, Sheffield, Mark J., additional, Rau, Carrie A., additional, Baker, Shawna, additional, Bird, Karie, additional, Burnett, Jill, additional, Christensen, Susan, additional, Cole-Bledsoe, Laura, additional, Davis, Brandy, additional, Elmont, Jennifer O., additional, Jensen, Jennifer J., additional, Loertscher, Manndi C., additional, Jordan, Jamie, additional, Marchant, Trisha, additional, Maxson, Earl, additional, McGrath, Kandace M., additional, Osborne, Karen A., additional, Parry, D. Melody, additional, Reich, Brixen A., additional, Schaefer, Susan T., additional, Spencer, Cynthia, additional, Steffen, Michael, additional, Tice, Katherine, additional, Weaver-Lewis, Kimberlee, additional, Woodbury, Kathryn D., additional, Zanetti, Karen, additional, Dillard, Robert G., additional, Washburn, Lisa K., additional, Jackson, Barbara G., additional, Peters, Nancy, additional, Chiu, Korinne, additional, Allred, Deborah Evans, additional, Goldstein, Donald J., additional, Halfond, Raquel, additional, Peterson, Carroll, additional, Waldrep, Ellen L., additional, Welch, Cherrie D., additional, Morris, Melissa Whalen, additional, Hounshell, Gail Wiley, additional, Shankaran, Seetha, additional, Sood, Beena G., additional, Natarajan, Girija, additional, Pappas, Athina, additional, Abramczyk, Katherine, additional, Agarwal, Prashant, additional, Bajaj, Monika, additional, Bara, Rebecca, additional, Billian, Elizabeth, additional, Chawla, Sanjay, additional, Childs, Kirsten, additional, De Jesus, Lilia C., additional, Driscoll, Debra, additional, February, Melissa, additional, Goldston, Laura A., additional, Johnson, Mary E., additional, Muran, Geraldine, additional, Panaitescu, Bogdan, additional, Prentiss, Jeannette E., additional, White, Diane, additional, Woldt, Eunice, additional, Barks, John, additional, Wiggins, Stephanie A., additional, Christensen, Mary K., additional, Carlson, Martha D., additional, Ehrenkranz, Richard A., additional, Jacobs, Harris, additional, Butler, Christine G., additional, Cervone, Patricia, additional, Greisman, Sheila, additional, Konstantino, Monica, additional, Poulsen, JoAnn, additional, Taft, Janet, additional, Williams, Joanne, additional, and Romano, Elaine, additional

Published
2023
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20. Characterization of microbiomic and geochemical compositions across the photosynthetic fringe

Author

Weeks, Katelyn, Trembath-Reichert, Elizabeth, Boyer, Grayson, Fecteau, Kristopher, Howells, Alta, De Martini, Francesca, Gile, Gillian H., and Shock, Everett L.

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Microbiology
Abstract

Hot spring outflow channels provide geochemical gradients that are reflected in microbial community compositions. In many hot spring outflows, there is a distinct visual demarcation as the community transitions from predominantly chemotrophs to having visible pigments from phototrophs. It has been hypothesized that this transition to phototrophy, known as the photosynthetic fringe, is a result of the pH, temperature, and/or sulfide concentration gradients in the hot spring outflows. Here, we explicitly evaluated the predictive capability of geochemistry in determining the location of the photosynthetic fringe in hot spring outflows. A total of 46 samples were taken from 12 hot spring outflows in Yellowstone National Park that spanned pH values from 1.9 to 9.0 and temperatures from 28.9 to 92.2°C. Sampling locations were selected to be equidistant in geochemical space above and below the photosynthetic fringe based on linear discriminant analysis. Although pH, temperature, and total sulfide concentrations have all previously been cited as determining factors for microbial community composition, total sulfide did not correlate with microbial community composition with statistical significance in non-metric multidimensional scaling. In contrast, pH, temperature, ammonia, dissolved organic carbon, dissolved inorganic carbon, and dissolved oxygen did correlate with the microbial community composition with statistical significance. Additionally, there was observed statistical significance between beta diversity and the relative position to the photosynthetic fringe with sites above the photosynthetic fringe being significantly different from those at or below the photosynthetic fringe according to canonical correspondence analysis. However, in combination, the geochemical parameters considered in this study only accounted for 35% of the variation in microbial community composition determined by redundancy analysis. In co-occurrence network analyses, each clique correlated with either pH and/or temperature, whereas sulfide concentrations only correlated with individual nodes. These results indicate that there is a complex interplay between geochemical variables and the position of the photosynthetic fringe that cannot be fully explained by statistical correlations with the individual geochemical variables included in this study.

Published
2023

21. Diversity and ecology of microbial sulfur metabolism

Author

Zhou, Zhichao, Tran, Patricia Q., Cowley, Elise S., Trembath-Reichert, Elizabeth, and Anantharaman, Karthik

Abstract

Sulfur plays a pivotal role in interactions within the atmosphere, lithosphere, pedosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere, and the functioning of living organisms. In the Earth’s crust, mantle, and atmosphere, sulfur undergoes geochemical transformations due to natural and anthropogenic factors. In the biosphere, sulfur participates in the formation of amino acids, proteins, coenzymes and vitamins. Microorganisms in the biosphere are crucial for cycling sulfur compounds through oxidation, reduction and disproportionation reactions, facilitating their bioassimilation and energy generation. Microbial sulfur metabolism is abundant in both aerobic and anaerobic environments and is interconnected with biogeochemical cycles of important elements such as carbon, nitrogen and iron. Through metabolism, competition or cooperation, microorganisms metabolizing sulfur can drive the consumption of organic carbon, loss of fixed nitrogen and production of climate-active gases. Given the increasing significance of sulfur metabolism in environmental alteration and the intricate involvement of microorganisms in sulfur dynamics, a timely re-evaluation of the sulfur cycle is imperative. This Review explores our understanding of microbial sulfur metabolism, primarily focusing on the transformations of inorganic sulfur. We comprehensively overview the sulfur cycle in the face of rapidly changing ecosystems on Earth, highlighting the importance of microbially-mediated sulfur transformation reactions across different environments, ecosystems and microbiomes.

Published
2024
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39. Offshore freshened groundwater in continental margins

Author

Micallef, Aaron, Person, Mark, Berndt, Christian, Bertoni, Claudia, Cohen, Denis, Dugan, Brandon, Evans, Rob L., Haroon, Amir, Hensen, Christian, Jegen, Marion, Key, Kerry, Kooi, Henk, Liebetrau, Volker, Lofi, Johanna, Mailloux, Brian J., Martin-Nagle, Renée, Michael, Holly A., Müller, Thomas, Schmidt, Mark, Schwalenberg, Katrin, Trembath-Reichert, Elizabeth, Weymer, Bradley, Zhang, Yipeng, Thomas, Ariel T., Micallef, Aaron, Person, Mark, Berndt, Christian, Bertoni, Claudia, Cohen, Denis, Dugan, Brandon, Evans, Rob L., Haroon, Amir, Hensen, Christian, Jegen, Marion, Key, Kerry, Kooi, Henk, Liebetrau, Volker, Lofi, Johanna, Mailloux, Brian J., Martin-Nagle, Renée, Michael, Holly A., Müller, Thomas, Schmidt, Mark, Schwalenberg, Katrin, Trembath-Reichert, Elizabeth, Weymer, Bradley, Zhang, Yipeng, and Thomas, Ariel T.

Abstract

© The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Micallef, A., Person, M., Berndt, C., Bertoni, C., Cohen, D., Dugan, B., Evans, R., Haroon, A., Hensen, C., Jegen, M., Key, K., Kooi, H., Liebetrau, V., Lofi, J., Mailloux, B. J., Martin-Nagle, R., Michael, H. A., Mueller, T., Schmidt, M., Schwalenberg, K., Trembath-Reichert, E., Weymer, B., Zhang, Y., & Thomas, A. T. Offshore freshened groundwater in continental margins. Reviews of Geophysics, 59(1), (2021): e2020RG000706, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020RG000706., First reported in the 1960s, offshore freshened groundwater (OFG) has now been documented in most continental margins around the world. In this review we compile a database documenting OFG occurrences and analyze it to establish the general characteristics and controlling factors. We also assess methods used to map and characterize OFG, identify major knowledge gaps, and propose strategies to address them. OFG has a global volume of 1 × 106 km3; it predominantly occurs within 55 km of the coast and down to a water depth of 100 m. OFG is mainly hosted within siliciclastic aquifers on passive margins and recharged by meteoric water during Pleistocene sea level lowstands. Key factors influencing OFG distribution are topography-driven flow, salinization via haline convection, permeability contrasts, and the continuity/connectivity of permeable and confining strata. Geochemical and stable isotope measurements of pore waters from boreholes have provided insights into OFG emplacement mechanisms, while recent advances in seismic reflection profiling, electromagnetic surveying, and numerical models have improved our understanding of OFG geometry and controls. Key knowledge gaps, such as the extent and function of OFG, and the timing of their emplacement, can be addressed by the application of isotopic age tracers, joint inversion of electromagnetic and seismic reflection data, and development of three-dimensional hydrological models. We show that such advances, combined with site-specific modeling, are necessary to assess the potential use of OFG as an unconventional source of water and its role in sub-seafloor geomicrobiology., This study has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC), under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No. 677898 (MARCAN) to A. M.) and the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF FRES 1925974 to M. P.; NSF OCE 0824368 to B. D.; and NSF EAR 1151733 to H. A. M.). T. M., B. W. and Y. Z. were funded by the SMART project through the Helmholtz European Partnering Initiative (Project ID Number PIE-0004) involving GEOMAR and the University of Malta.

Published
2021

40. Multiple carbon incorporation strategies support microbial survival in cold subseafloor crustal fluids

Author

Trembath-Reichert, Elizabeth, Shah Walter, Sunita R., Fontánez Ortiz, Marc Alec, Carter, Patrick D., Girguis, Peter R., Huber, Julie A., Trembath-Reichert, Elizabeth, Shah Walter, Sunita R., Fontánez Ortiz, Marc Alec, Carter, Patrick D., Girguis, Peter R., and Huber, Julie A.

Abstract

© The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Trembath-Reichert, E., Shah Walter, S. R., Ortiz, M. A. F., Carter, P. D., Girguis, P. R., & Huber, J. A. Multiple carbon incorporation strategies support microbial survival in cold subseafloor crustal fluids. Science Advances, 7(18), (2021): eabg0153, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abg0153., Biogeochemical processes occurring in fluids that permeate oceanic crust make measurable contributions to the marine carbon cycle, but quantitative assessments of microbial impacts on this vast, subsurface carbon pool are lacking. We provide bulk and single-cell estimates of microbial biomass production from carbon and nitrogen substrates in cool, oxic basement fluids from the western flank of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The wide range in carbon and nitrogen incorporation rates indicates a microbial community well poised for dynamic conditions, potentially anabolizing carbon and nitrogen at rates ranging from those observed in subsurface sediments to those found in on-axis hydrothermal vent environments. Bicarbonate incorporation rates were highest where fluids are most isolated from recharging bottom seawater, suggesting that anabolism of inorganic carbon may be a potential strategy for supplementing the ancient and recalcitrant dissolved organic carbon that is prevalent in the globally distributed subseafloor crustal environment., The Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation sponsored most of the observatory components at North Pond through grant GBMF1609. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation through grants NSF OCE-1745589, OCE-1635208, and OCE-1062006 to J.A.H. and NSF OCE-1635365 to P.R.G. and S.R.S.W.; NASA Postdoctoral Fellowship with the NASA Astrobiology Institute to E.T.-R.; L’Oréal USA For Women in Science Fellowship to E.T.-R.; and Woods Hole Partnership Education Program, sponsored by the Woods Hole Diversity Initiative to M.A.F.O. The Center for Dark Energy Biosphere Investigations (C-DEBI OCE-0939564) also supported the participation of J.A.H. and P.D.C. This is C-DEBI contribution number 564.

Published
2021

41. Workshop report: Exploring deep oceanic crust off Hawai'i

Author

Uminio, Susumu, Moore, Gregory F., Boston, Brian, Coggon, Rosalind, Crispini, Laura, D'Hondt, Steven, Garcia, Michael O., Hanyu, Takeshi, Klein, Frieder, Seama, Nobukazu, Teagle, Damon A.H., Tominaga, Masako, Yamashita, Mikiya, Harris, Michelle, Ildefonse, Benoit, Katayama, Ikuo, Kusano, Yuki, Suzuki, Yohey, Trembath-Reichert, Elizabeth, Yamada, Yasuhiro, Abe, Natsue, Xiao, Nan, Inagaki, Fumio, Uminio, Susumu, Moore, Gregory F., Boston, Brian, Coggon, Rosalind, Crispini, Laura, D'Hondt, Steven, Garcia, Michael O., Hanyu, Takeshi, Klein, Frieder, Seama, Nobukazu, Teagle, Damon A.H., Tominaga, Masako, Yamashita, Mikiya, Harris, Michelle, Ildefonse, Benoit, Katayama, Ikuo, Kusano, Yuki, Suzuki, Yohey, Trembath-Reichert, Elizabeth, Yamada, Yasuhiro, Abe, Natsue, Xiao, Nan, and Inagaki, Fumio

Abstract

For more than half a century, exploring a complete sequence of the oceanic crust from the seafloor through the Mohorovičić discontinuity (Moho) and into the uppermost mantle has been one of the most challenging missions of scientific ocean drilling. Such a scientific and technological achievement would provide humankind with profound insights into the largest realm of our planet and expand our fundamental understanding of Earth's deep interior and its geodynamic behavior. The formation of new oceanic crust at mid-ocean ridges and its subsequent aging over millions of years, leading to subduction, arc volcanism, and recycling of some components into the mantle, comprise the dominant geological cycle of matter and energy on Earth. Although previous scientific ocean drilling has cored some drill holes into old (> 110 Ma) and young (< 20 Ma) ocean crust, our sampling remains relatively shallow (< 2 km into intact crust) and unrepresentative of average oceanic crust. To date, no hole penetrates more than 100 m into intact average-aged oceanic crust that records the long-term history of seawater–basalt exchange (60 to 90 Myr). In addition, the nature, extent, and evolution of the deep subseafloor biosphere within oceanic crust remains poorly unknown. To address these fundamentally significant scientific issues, an international workshop “Exploring Deep Oceanic Crust off Hawai`i” brought together 106 scientists and engineers from 16 countries that represented the entire spectrum of disciplines, including petrologists, geophysicists, geochemists, microbiologists, geodynamic modelers, and drilling/logging engineers. The aim of the workshop was to develop a full International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) proposal to drill a 2.5 km deep hole into oceanic crust on the North Arch off Hawai`i with the drilling research vessel Chikyu. This drill hole would provide samples down to cumulate gabbros of mature (∼ 80 Ma) oceanic crust formed at a half spreading rate of ∼ 3.5 cm a−1.

Published
2021

43. Workshop report: Exploring deep oceanic crust off Hawai`i

Author

Umino, Susumu, primary, Moore, Gregory F., additional, Boston, Brian, additional, Coggon, Rosalind, additional, Crispini, Laura, additional, D'Hondt, Steven, additional, Garcia, Michael O., additional, Hanyu, Takeshi, additional, Klein, Frieder, additional, Seama, Nobukazu, additional, Teagle, Damon A. H., additional, Tominaga, Masako, additional, Yamashita, Mikiya, additional, Harris, Michelle, additional, Ildefonse, Benoit, additional, Katayama, Ikuo, additional, Kusano, Yuki, additional, Suzuki, Yohey, additional, Trembath-Reichert, Elizabeth, additional, Yamada, Yasuhiro, additional, Abe, Natsue, additional, Xiao, Nan, additional, and Inagaki, Fumio, additional

Published
2021
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44. On the Past, Present, and Future Role of Biology in NASA’s Exploration of our Solar System

Author

Hand, Kevin, primary, Phillips, Cynthia B., additional, Chyba, Christopher F., additional, Toner, Brandy, additional, Katija, Kakani, additional, Orphan, Victoria, additional, Huber, Julie, additional, Cavanaugh, Colleen M., additional, Carlson, Marian, additional, Christner, Brent, additional, Templeton, Alexis, additional, Seewald, Jeffrey, additional, Hofgartner, Jason D., additional, Amend, Jan P., additional, Orcutt, Beth N., additional, Bartlett, Douglas H., additional, Falkowski, Paul, additional, Anderson, Rika, additional, Spear, John R., additional, Shank, Tim, additional, Fischer, Woodward W., additional, Hazen, Robert M., additional, Hoehler, Tori, additional, D'Hondt, Steven, additional, Pitesky, Jo, additional, Lynch, Kennda, additional, Shock, Everett L., additional, Craft, Kate, additional, Boyd, Eric, additional, House, Christopher H., additional, Reysenbach, Anna-Louise, additional, Glass, Jennifer, additional, Fike, David, additional, Baross, John A., additional, Gogarten, Johann Peter, additional, Kaçar, Betül, additional, El-Naggar, Moh, additional, Murray, Alison E., additional, Dupont, Christopher, additional, Scully, Jennifer, additional, Rothschild, Lynn, additional, Trembath-Reichert, Elizabeth, additional, Klein, Frieder, additional, Cohen, Phoebe A., additional, Gile, Gillian H., additional, Lloyd, Karen, additional, Dekas, Anne, additional, Delaney, John R., additional, Skidmore, Mark, additional, Buongiorno, Joy, additional, Rogers, Karyn, additional, Hofmann, Amy, additional, Brazelton, William J., additional, Anbar, Ariel, additional, Manalang, Dana Ann, additional, Stevenson, Bradley, additional, Neuer, Susanne, additional, Hara, Ellie, additional, Nordheim, Thomas, additional, Shapiro, Russell, additional, Bradley, Alexander S., additional, Mikucki, Jill, additional, Brown, Michael E., additional, Glamoclija, Mihaela, additional, Reyes, Carolina, additional, Sánchez-Román, Mónica, additional, Farmer, Jack D., additional, Giovannelli, Donato, additional, Suel, Gurol, additional, Trumbo, Samantha, additional, Cameron, Marissa, additional, Osburn, Magdalena, additional, Bradley, James Andrew, additional, Garcia-Pichel, Ferran, additional, Steen, Andrew D., additional, Marlow, Jeffrey, additional, Trubl, Gareth, additional, Robinson, Kirtland, additional, Caro, Tristan, additional, Fulfer, Victoria, additional, Parker, Ceth W., additional, Feyhl-Buska, Jayme, additional, and Roussel, Anaïs, additional

Published
2021
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45. Offshore freshened groundwater in continental margins

Author

Micallef, Aaron, Person, Mark, Berndt, Christian, Bertoni, Claudia, Cohen, Denis, Dugan, Brandon, Evans, Rob L., Haroon, Amir, Hensen, Christian, Jegen, Marion, Key, Kerry, Kooi, Henk, Liebetrau, Volker, Lofi, Johanna, Mailloux, Brian J., Martin-Nagle, Renée, Michael, Holly A., Müller, Thomas, Schmidt, Mark, Schwalenberg, Katrin, Trembath-Reichert, Elizabeth, Weymer, Bradley, Zhang, Yipeng, Thomas, Ariel T., Micallef, Aaron, Person, Mark, Berndt, Christian, Bertoni, Claudia, Cohen, Denis, Dugan, Brandon, Evans, Rob L., Haroon, Amir, Hensen, Christian, Jegen, Marion, Key, Kerry, Kooi, Henk, Liebetrau, Volker, Lofi, Johanna, Mailloux, Brian J., Martin-Nagle, Renée, Michael, Holly A., Müller, Thomas, Schmidt, Mark, Schwalenberg, Katrin, Trembath-Reichert, Elizabeth, Weymer, Bradley, Zhang, Yipeng, and Thomas, Ariel T.

Abstract

First reported in the 1960s, offshore freshened groundwater (OFG) has now been documented in most continental margins around the world. In this review we compile a database documenting OFG occurrences and analyze it to establish the general characteristics and controlling factors. We also assess methods used to map and characterize OFG, identify major knowledge gaps, and propose strategies to address them. OFG has a global volume of 1 × 106 km3; it predominantly occurs within 55 km of the coast and down to a water depth of 100 m. OFG is mainly hosted within siliciclastic aquifers on passive margins and recharged by meteoric water during Pleistocene sea level lowstands. Key factors influencing OFG distribution are topography-driven flow, salinization via haline convection, permeability contrasts, and the continuity/connectivity of permeable and confining strata. Geochemical and stable isotope measurements of pore waters from boreholes have provided insights into OFG emplacement mechanisms, while recent advances in seismic reflection profiling, electromagnetic surveying, and numerical models have improved our understanding of OFG geometry and controls. Key knowledge gaps, such as the extent and function of OFG, and the timing of their emplacement, can be addressed by the application of isotopic age tracers, joint inversion of electromagnetic and seismic reflection data, and development of three-dimensional hydrological models. We show that such advances, combined with site-specific modeling, are necessary to assess the potential use of OFG as an unconventional source of water and its role in sub-seafloor geomicrobiology.

Published
2020

48. Offshore Freshened Groundwater in Continental Margins

Author

Micallef, Aaron, primary, Person, Mark, additional, Berndt, Christian, additional, Bertoni, Claudia, additional, Cohen, Denis, additional, Dugan, Brandon, additional, Evans, Rob, additional, Haroon, Amir, additional, Hensen, Christian, additional, Jegen, Marion, additional, Key, Kerry, additional, Kooi, Henk, additional, Liebetrau, Volker, additional, Lofi, Johanna, additional, Mailloux, Brian J., additional, Martin‐Nagle, Renée, additional, Michael, Holly A., additional, Müller, Thomas, additional, Schmidt, Mark, additional, Schwalenberg, Katrin, additional, Trembath‐Reichert, Elizabeth, additional, Weymer, Bradley, additional, Zhang, Yipeng, additional, and Thomas, Ariel T., additional

Published
2021
Full Text
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