100 results on '"Rubrum A"'
Search Results
2. Development of a nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccine against clade 2.3.4.4b H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus
- Author
-
Colleen Furey, Gabrielle Scher, Naiqing Ye, Lisa Kercher, Jennifer DeBeauchamp, Jeri Carol Crumpton, Trushar Jeevan, Christopher Patton, John Franks, Adam Rubrum, Mohamad-Gabriel Alameh, Steven H. Y. Fan, Anthony T. Phan, Christopher A. Hunter, Richard J. Webby, Drew Weissman, and Scott E. Hensley
- Subjects
Science - Abstract
Abstract mRNA lipid nanoparticle (LNP) vaccines would be useful during an influenza virus pandemic since they can be produced rapidly and do not require the generation of egg-adapted vaccine seed stocks. Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses from H5 clade 2.3.4.4b are circulating at unprecedently high levels in wild and domestic birds and have the potential to adapt to humans. Here, we generate an mRNA lipid nanoparticle (LNP) vaccine encoding the hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein from a clade 2.3.4.4b H5 isolate. The H5 mRNA-LNP vaccine elicits strong T cell and antibody responses in female mice, including neutralizing antibodies and broadly-reactive anti-HA stalk antibodies. The H5 mRNA-LNP vaccine elicits antibodies at similar levels compared to whole inactivated vaccines in female mice with and without prior H1N1 exposures. Finally, we find that the H5 mRNA-LNP vaccine is immunogenic in male ferrets and prevents morbidity and mortality of animals following 2.3.4.4b H5N1 challenge. Together, our data demonstrate that a monovalent mRNA-LNP vaccine expressing 2.3.4.4b H5 is immunogenic and protective in pre-clinical animal models.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. H9N2 influenza A viruses found to be enzootic in Punjab Pakistan's bird markets with evidence of human H9N2 nasal colonization
- Author
-
Shahzad Ali, Emily R. Robie, Usama Saeed, Ghulam Jaffar, Emily S. Bailey, Lyudmyla V. Marushchak, Brianna E. Kreditor, Laura A. Pulscher, Adam M. Rubrum, Richard J. Webby, and Gregory C. Gray
- Subjects
Human-animal interface ,Influenza A virus ,Influenza D virus ,Poultry ,Live bird market ,Avian influenza ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Objectives: This study sought to detect and characterize influenza A (IAV) and influenza D (IDV) viruses circulating among commercial birds and shop owners in Pakistan's live bird markets. Methods: Oropharyngeal swabs (n = 600; n = 300 pools) collected from poultry and nasopharyngeal swabs (n = 240) collected from poultry workers were studied for molecular evidence of IAV and IDV using real-time and conventional real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction protocols. Results: Nineteen (6.3%) poultry pools were positive for IAV and 73.9% of these were positive for H9N2 subtypes. Two (0.83%) poultry workers had evidence of IAV, and both were also H9N2 subtypes. The poultry and human IAV-positive specimens all clustered phylogenetically by Sanger and next-generation sequencing with previously detected H9N2 poultry isolates. No field specimens were positive for IDV. Conclusion: H9N2 IAV is likely enzootic in Punjab Province Pakistan's live bird markets and may be colonizing the noses of workers and market visitors. Regular monitoring for avian influenza-associated human illness in Punjab seems to be a needed public measure.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Rapid evolution of A(H5N1) influenza viruses after intercontinental spread to North America
- Author
-
Ahmed Kandeil, Christopher Patton, Jeremy C. Jones, Trushar Jeevan, Walter N. Harrington, Sanja Trifkovic, Jon P. Seiler, Thomas Fabrizio, Karlie Woodard, Jasmine C. Turner, Jeri-Carol Crumpton, Lance Miller, Adam Rubrum, Jennifer DeBeauchamp, Charles J. Russell, Elena A. Govorkova, Peter Vogel, Mia Kim-Torchetti, Yohannes Berhane, David Stallknecht, Rebecca Poulson, Lisa Kercher, and Richard J. Webby
- Subjects
Science - Abstract
Abstract Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses of clade 2.3.4.4b underwent an explosive geographic expansion in 2021 among wild birds and domestic poultry across Asia, Europe, and Africa. By the end of 2021, 2.3.4.4b viruses were detected in North America, signifying further intercontinental spread. Here we show that the western movement of clade 2.3.4.4b was quickly followed by reassortment with viruses circulating in wild birds in North America, resulting in the acquisition of different combinations of ribonucleoprotein genes. These reassortant A(H5N1) viruses are genotypically and phenotypically diverse, with many causing severe disease with dramatic neurologic involvement in mammals. The proclivity of the current A(H5N1) 2.3.4.4b virus lineage to reassort and target the central nervous system warrants concerted planning to combat the spread and evolution of the virus within the continent and to mitigate the impact of a potential influenza pandemic that could originate from similar A(H5N1) reassortants.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus in Poultry, Benin, 2021
- Author
-
Sanogo, Idrissa Nonmon, Djegui, Fidelia, Akpo, Yao, Gnanvi, Corneille, Dupre, Gabriel, Rubrum, Adam, Jeevan, Trushar, McKenzie, Pamela, Webby, Richard J., and Ducatez, Mariette F.
- Subjects
Avian influenza -- Identification and classification -- Genetic aspects -- Distribution -- Causes of ,Epidemics -- Causes of -- Benin ,Avian influenza viruses -- Identification and classification -- Genetic aspects -- Distribution ,Company distribution practices ,Health - Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses represent a major threat to animal and public health. HPAI A/ Goose/Guangdong/1 /96-lineage subtype H5N1 viruses first emerged in southern China in 1996, and [...]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus in Poultry, Benin, 2021
- Author
-
Idrissa Nonmon Sanogo, Fidelia Djegui, Yao Akpo, Corneille Gnanvi, Gabriel Dupré, Adam Rubrum, Trushar Jeevan, Pamela McKenzie, Richard J. Webby, and Mariette F. Ducatez
- Subjects
highly pathogenic avian influenza ,H5N1 subtype ,influenza ,respiratory infections ,zoonoses ,viruses ,Medicine ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
In August 2021, we detected highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b viruses in poultry in southern Benin. The isolates were genetically similar to H5N1 viruses of clade 2.3.4.4b isolated during the same period in Africa and Europe. We also found evidence for 2 separate introductions of these viruses into Benin.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. High Prevalence of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza: A Virus in Vietnam's Live Bird Markets.
- Author
-
Dao, Duy Tung, Coleman, Kristen K, Bui, Vuong N, Bui, Anh N, Tran, Long H, Nguyen, Quy D, Than, Son, Pulscher, Laura A, Marushchak, Lyudmyla V, Robie, Emily R, Nguyen-Viet, Hung, Pham, Phuc Duc, Christy, Nathaniel C, Brooks, John S, Nguyen, Huy C, Rubrum, Adam M, Webby, Richard J, and Gray, Gregory C
- Subjects
AVIAN influenza A virus ,SWINE influenza ,AVIAN influenza ,SWINE farms ,INFLUENZA A virus - Abstract
Background In recent years, Vietnam has suffered multiple epizootics of influenza in poultry. Methods From 10 January 2019 to 26 April 2021, we employed a One Health influenza surveillance approach at live bird markets (LBMs) and swine farms in Northern Vietnam. When the COVID-19 pandemic permitted, each month, field teams collected oral secretion samples from poultry and pigs, animal facility bioaerosol and fecal samples, and animal worker nasal washes at 4 LBMs and 5 swine farms across 5 sites. Initially samples were screened with molecular assays followed by culture in embryonated eggs (poultry swabs) or Madin-Darby canine kidney cells (human or swine swabs). Results Many of the 3493 samples collected had either molecular or culture evidence for influenza A virus, including 314 (37.5%) of the 837 poultry oropharyngeal swabs, 144 (25.1%) of the 574 bioaerosol samples, 438 (34.9%) of the 1257 poultry fecal swab samples, and 16 (1.9%) of the 828 human nasal washes. Culturing poultry samples yielded 454 influenza A isolates, 83 of which were H5, and 70 (84.3%) of these were highly pathogenic. Additionally, a positive human sample had a H9N2 avian-like PB1 gene. In contrast, the prevalence of influenza A in the swine farms was much lower with only 6 (0.4%) of the 1700 total swine farm samples studied, having molecular evidence for influenza A virus. Conclusions This study suggests that Vietnam's LBMs continue to harbor high prevalences of avian influenza A viruses, including many highly pathogenic H5N6 strains, which will continue to threaten poultry and humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Ancestral sequence reconstruction pinpoints adaptations that enable avian influenza virus transmission in pigs
- Author
-
Su, Wen, Harfoot, Rhodri, Su, Yvonne C. F., DeBeauchamp, Jennifer, Joseph, Udayan, Jayakumar, Jayanthi, Crumpton, Jeri-Carol, Jeevan, Trushar, Rubrum, Adam, Franks, John, Pascua, Philippe Noriel Q., Kackos, Christina, Zhang, Yuqin, Zhang, Mengting, Ji, Yue, Bui, Huyen Trang, Jones, Jeremy C., Kercher, Lisa, Krauss, Scott, Pleschka, Stephan, Chan, Michael C. W., Webster, Robert G., Wu, Chung-Yi, Van Reeth, Kristien, Peiris, Malik, Webby, Richard J., Smith, Gavin J. D., and Yen, Hui-Ling
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Epigraph hemagglutinin vaccine induces broad cross-reactive immunity against swine H3 influenza virus
- Author
-
Brianna L. Bullard, Brigette N. Corder, Jennifer DeBeauchamp, Adam Rubrum, Bette Korber, Richard J. Webby, and Eric A. Weaver
- Subjects
Science - Abstract
A range of Influenza vaccines have been linked to induction of adaptive immunity in a number of animal models. Here, the authors utilize a computational design strategy and produce a swine H3 influenza vaccine which shows enhanced efficacy in both murine and porcine infectious disease models.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Antigenic and molecular characterization of low pathogenic avian influenza A(H9N2) viruses in sub-Saharan Africa from 2017 through 2019
- Author
-
Maxime Fusade-Boyer, Fidélia Djegui, Komla Batawui, Denis K. Byuragaba, Jeremy C. Jones, Fred Wabwire-Mangeni, Bernard Erima, Gladys Atim, Qouilazoni A. Ukuli, Titus Tugume, Koffi Dogno, Komlan Adjabli, Mvibudulu Nzuzi, Rachidatou Adjin, Trushar Jeevan, Adam Rubrum, Wolali Go-Maro, Ghazi Kayali, Pamela McKenzie, Richard J. Webby, and Mariette F. Ducatez
- Subjects
Influenza virus ,Africa ,phylogeny ,antigenic cartography ,one health ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Sub-Saharan Africa was historically considered an animal influenza cold spot, with only sporadic highly pathogenic H5 outbreaks detected over the last 20 years. However, in 2017, low pathogenic avian influenza A(H9N2) viruses were detected in poultry in Sub-Saharan Africa. Molecular, phylogenetic, and antigenic characterization of isolates from Benin, Togo, and Uganda showed that they belonged to the G1 lineage. Isolates from Benin and Togo clustered with viruses previously described in Western Africa, whereas viruses from Uganda were genetically distant and clustered with viruses from the Middle East. Viruses from Benin exhibited decreased cross-reactivity with those from Togo and Uganda, suggesting antigenic drift associated with reduced replication in Calu-3 cells. The viruses exhibited mammalian adaptation markers similar to those of the human strain A/Senegal/0243/2019 (H9N2). Therefore, viral genetic and antigenic surveillance in Africa is of paramount importance to detect further evolution or emergence of new zoonotic strains.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Antiviral Susceptibility of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Viruses Circulating Globally in 2022–2023.
- Author
-
Andreev, Konstantin, Jones, Jeremy C, Seiler, Patrick, Kandeil, Ahmed, Turner, Jasmine C M, Barman, Subrata, Rubrum, Adam M, Webby, Richard J, and Govorkova, Elena A
- Subjects
AVIAN influenza ,NEURAMINIDASE ,ANTIVIRAL agents ,GENOTYPES ,PHENOTYPES - Abstract
The antiviral susceptibility of currently circulating (2022–2023) highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) viruses was assessed by genotypic and phenotypic approaches. The frequency was low for neuraminidase (NA) and polymerase acidic (PA) substitutions associated with reduced inhibition by NA inhibitors (21/2698, 0.78%) or the PA inhibitor baloxavir (14/2600, 0.54%). Phenotypic testing of 22 clade 2.3.2.1a and 2.3.4.4b viruses revealed broad susceptibility to NA inhibitors and baloxavir for a conclusion that most contemporary HPAI A(H5N1) viruses retain susceptibility to antiviral drugs. Novel NA-K432E and NA-T438I substitutions (N2 numbering) were identified at elevated frequencies (104/2698, 3.85%) and caused reduced zanamivir and peramivir inhibition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Epigraph hemagglutinin vaccine induces broad cross-reactive immunity against swine H3 influenza virus
- Author
-
Bullard, Brianna L., Corder, Brigette N., DeBeauchamp, Jennifer, Rubrum, Adam, Korber, Bette, Webby, Richard J., and Weaver, Eric A.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Insights into Genetic Characteristics and Virological Features of Endemic Avian Influenza A (H9N2) Viruses in Egypt from 2017–2021
- Author
-
Mohamed El Sayes, Ahmed Kandeil, Yassmin Moatasim, Ahmed El Taweel, Adam Rubrum, Omnia Kutkat, Mina Nabil Kamel, Rebecca Badra, Ahmed B. Barakat, Pamela P. McKenzie, Rabeh El-Shesheny, Richard J. Webby, Ghazi Kayali, and Mohamed Ahmed Ali
- Subjects
avian influenza ,H9N2 ,Egypt ,surface glycoproteins ,genetic evolution ,replication rate ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
From 2010 to 2013, genotype I avian influenza A(H9N2) viruses of the G1-lineage were isolated from several poultry species in Egypt. In 2014, novel reassortant H9N2 viruses were detected in pigeons designated as genotype II. To monitor the subsequent genetic evolution of Egyptian A(H9N2) viruses, we characterized the full genomes of 173 viruses isolated through active surveillance from 2017 to 2022. In addition, we compared the virological characteristics and pathogenicity of representative viruses. Phylogenetic analysis of the HA indicated that all studied sequences from 2017–2021 were grouped into G1-like H9N2 viruses previously detected in Egypt. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the Egyptian A(H9N2) viruses had undergone further reassortment, inheriting four genes (PB2, PB1, PA, NS) from genotype II, with their remaining segments deriving from genotype I viruses (these viruses designated as genotype III). Studying the virological features of the two most dominant genotypes (I and III) of Egyptian H9N2 viruses in vitro and in vivo indicated that both replicated well in mammalian cells, but did not show any clinical signs in chickens, ducks, and mice. Monitoring avian influenza viruses through surveillance programs and understanding the genetic and antigenic characteristics of circulating H9N2 viruses are essential for risk assessment and influenza pandemic preparedness.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Evolution of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus in Poultry, Togo, 2018
- Author
-
Maxime Fusade-Boyer, Pidemnéwé S. Pato, Mathias Komlan, Koffi Dogno, Trushar Jeevan, Adam Rubrum, Casimir K. Kouakou, Emmanuel Couacy-Hymann, Daniel Batawui, Emilie Go-Maro, Pamela McKenzie, Richard J. Webby, and Mariette F. Ducatez
- Subjects
Africa ,highly pathogenic avian influenza ,influenza virus ,Togo ,Côte d'Ivoire ,reassortment ,Medicine ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
In 2015, highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses reemerged in poultry in West Africa. We describe the introduction of a reassortant clade 2.3.2.1c virus into Togo in April 2018. Our findings signal further local spread and evolution of these viruses, which could affect animal and human health.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Expanding Mouse-Adapted Yamagata-like Influenza B Viruses in Eggs Enhances In Vivo Lethality in BALB/c Mice
- Author
-
Matthew J. Pekarek, Erika M. Petro-Turnquist, Adam Rubrum, Richard J. Webby, and Eric A. Weaver
- Subjects
influenza B virus ,mouse-adapting ,growth system ,embryonated eggs ,hemagglutinin ,neuraminidase ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Despite the yearly global impact of influenza B viruses (IBVs), limited host range has been a hurdle to developing a readily accessible small animal disease model for vaccine studies. Mouse-adapting IBV can produce highly pathogenic viruses through serial lung passaging in mice. Previous studies have highlighted amino acid changes throughout the viral genome correlating with increased pathogenicity, but no consensus mutations have been determined. We aimed to show that growth system can play a role in mouse-adapted IBV lethality. Two Yamagata-lineage IBVs were serially passaged 10 times in mouse lungs before expansion in embryonated eggs or Madin–Darby canine kidney cells (London line) for use in challenge studies. We observed that virus grown in embryonated eggs was significantly more lethal in mice than the same virus grown in cell culture. Ten additional serial lung passages of one strain again showed virus grown in eggs was more lethal than virus grown in cells. Additionally, no mutations in the surface glycoprotein amino acid sequences correlated to differences in lethality. Our results suggest growth system can influence lethality of mouse-adapted IBVs after serial lung passaging. Further research can highlight improved mechanisms for developing animal disease models for IBV vaccine research.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Molecular basis of mammalian transmissibility of avian H1N1 influenza viruses and their pandemic potential
- Author
-
Zanin, Mark, Wong, Sook-San, Barman, Subrata, Kaewborisuth, Challika, Vogel, Peter, Rubrum, Adam, Darnell, Daniel, Marinova-Petkova, Atanaska, Krauss, Scott, Webby, Richard J., and Webster, Robert G.
- Published
- 2017
17. Genetic and Antigenic Characteristics of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Viruses Circulating in Domestic Poultry in Egypt, 2017–2021
- Author
-
Ahmed Kandeil, Yassmin Moatasim, Ahmed El Taweel, Mohamed El Sayes, Adam Rubrum, Trushar Jeevan, Pamela P. McKenzie, Richard J. Webby, Mohamed A. Ali, Ghazi Kayali, and Rabeh El-Shesheny
- Subjects
Egypt ,highly pathogenic avian influenza ,H5N8 ,phylogenetic analysis ,reassortment ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
In Egypt, the endemicity of avian influenza viruses is a serious concern. Since 2016, several outbreaks of H5N8 have been recorded among domestic poultry in various areas of the country. Active surveillance of domestic poultry across several governorates in Egypt from 2017 to 2021 detected at least six genotypes of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N8 viruses with evidence of partial or complete annual replacement of dominant strains. Although all Egyptian H5N8 viruses had clade 2.3.4.4b hemagglutinin (HA) genes, the remaining viral gene segments were from multiple geographic origins, indicating that the H5N8 isolates resulted from multiple introductions. Mutations in the viral proteins associated with pathogenicity and antiviral drug resistance were detected. Some mutations in the HA resulted in antigenic drift. Heterogeneity in circulating H5N8 HPAI threatens poultry production and public health.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Avian Influenza a H9N2 Viruses in Morocco, 2018–2019
- Author
-
Fatima-Zohra Sikht, Mariette Ducatez, Charifa Drissi Touzani, Adam Rubrum, Richard Webby, Mohammed El Houadfi, Nour-Said Tligui, Christelle Camus, and Siham Fellahi
- Subjects
low pathogenic avian influenza virus ,H9N2 ,Morocco ,sequencing ,full genome ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Low pathogenic H9N2 avian influenza (LPAI H9N2) is considered one of the most important diseases found in poultry (broiler, laying hens, breeding chickens, and turkeys). This infection causes considerable economic losses. The objective of this work was to monitor and assess the presence of avian influenza virus (AIV) H9N2 in eight different regions of Morocco using real-time RT-PCR, and to assess the phylogenetic and molecular evolution of the H9N2 viruses between 2016 and 2019. Field samples were collected from 108 farms suspected of being infected with LPAI H9N2 virus. Samples were analyzed using H9N2-specific real-time RT-PCR. Highly positive samples were subjected to virus isolation and seven isolates were fully sequenced. Low pathogenic H9N2 avian influenza virus was introduced in Morocco in 2016. We show that in 2018–2019, the virus was still present irrespective of vaccination status. Phylogenetic and molecular analyses showed mutations related to virulence, although our viruses were related to 2016 Moroccan viruses and grouped in the G1 lineage. Specific amino acid substitutions were identified in Moroccan H9N2 viruses that are believed to lead to increased resistance to antiviral drugs.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Evolution of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus in Poultry, Togo, 2018
- Author
-
Fusade-Boyer, Maxime, Pato, Pidemnewe S., Komlan, Mathias, Dogno, Koffi, Jeevan, Trushar, Rubrum, Adam, Kouakou, Casimir K., Couacy-Hymann, Emmanuel, Batawui, Daniel, Go-Maro, Emilie, McKenzie, Pamela, Webby, Richard J., and Ducatez, Mariette F.
- Subjects
Avian influenza ,Poultry industry ,Avian influenza viruses ,Influenza viruses ,Climate ,Intelligence gathering ,Influenza ,Biological products industry ,Health - Abstract
Relatively little is known about the emergence, prevalence, and circulation of animal influenza viruses in Africa. Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 clade 2.2 viruses emerged in Africa in 2006 [...]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Molecular Characterization of Closely Related H6N2 Avian Influenza Viruses Isolated from Turkey, Egypt, and Uganda
- Author
-
Yavuz Mercan, Gladys Atim, Ahmed E. Kayed, M. Ekin Azbazdar, Ahmed Kandeil, Mohamed A. Ali, Adam Rubrum, Pamela McKenzie, Richard J. Webby, Bernard Erima, Fred Wabwire-Mangen, Qouilazoni A. Ukuli, Titus Tugume, Denis K. Byarugaba, Ghazi Kayali, Mariette F. Ducatez, and Zeynep A. Koçer
- Subjects
avian influenza virus ,waterfowl ,migratory birds ,molecular markers ,reassortment ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Genetic analysis of circulating avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in wild birds at different geographical regions during the same period could improve our knowledge about virus transmission dynamics in natural hosts, virus evolution as well as zoonotic potential. Here, we report the genetic and molecular characterization of H6N2 influenza viruses isolated from migratory birds in Turkey, Egypt, and Uganda during 2017–2018. The Egyptian and Turkish isolates were genetically closer to each other than they were to the virus isolated from Uganda. Our results also suggest that multiple reassortment events were involved in the genesis of the isolated viruses. All viruses contained molecular markers previously associated with increased replication and/or pathogenicity in mammals. The results of this study indicate that H6N2 viruses carried by migratory birds on the West Asian/East African and Mediterranean/Black Sea flyways have the potential to transmit to mammals including humans. Additionally, adaptation markers in these viruses indicate the potential risk for poultry, which also increases the possibility of human exposure to these viruses.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. A single dose of whole inactivated H7N9 influenza vaccine confers protection from severe disease but not infection in ferrets
- Author
-
Wong, Sook-San, Jeevan, Trushar, Kercher, Lisa, Yoon, Sun-Woo, Petkova, Atanaska-Marinova, Crumpton, Jeri-Carol, Franks, John, Debeauchamp, Jennifer, Rubrum, Adam, Seiler, Patrick, Krauss, Scott, Webster, Robert, and Webby, Richard J.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Rapid evolution of A(H5N1) influenza viruses after intercontinental spread to North America.
- Author
-
Kandeil, Ahmed, Patton, Christopher, Jones, Jeremy C., Jeevan, Trushar, Harrington, Walter N., Trifkovic, Sanja, Seiler, Jon P., Fabrizio, Thomas, Woodard, Karlie, Turner, Jasmine C., Crumpton, Jeri-Carol, Miller, Lance, Rubrum, Adam, DeBeauchamp, Jennifer, Russell, Charles J., Govorkova, Elena A., Vogel, Peter, Kim-Torchetti, Mia, Berhane, Yohannes, and Stallknecht, David
- Subjects
AVIAN influenza ,INFLUENZA viruses ,CENTRAL nervous system ,NEUROLOGICAL disorders ,VIRAL transmission ,FERRET - Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses of clade 2.3.4.4b underwent an explosive geographic expansion in 2021 among wild birds and domestic poultry across Asia, Europe, and Africa. By the end of 2021, 2.3.4.4b viruses were detected in North America, signifying further intercontinental spread. Here we show that the western movement of clade 2.3.4.4b was quickly followed by reassortment with viruses circulating in wild birds in North America, resulting in the acquisition of different combinations of ribonucleoprotein genes. These reassortant A(H5N1) viruses are genotypically and phenotypically diverse, with many causing severe disease with dramatic neurologic involvement in mammals. The proclivity of the current A(H5N1) 2.3.4.4b virus lineage to reassort and target the central nervous system warrants concerted planning to combat the spread and evolution of the virus within the continent and to mitigate the impact of a potential influenza pandemic that could originate from similar A(H5N1) reassortants. Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses of clade 2.3.4.4b underwent an explosive geographic expansion in 2021 among wild birds and domestic poultry. Here, Kandeil et al. show that the Western movement of this clade was followed by reassortment with viruses circulating in wild birds in North America which resulted in different genotypes exhibiting a wide range of disease severity in mammal models (mice, ferrets, chicken) ranging from asymptomatic disease to severe neurological pathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Active Surveillance for Avian Influenza Virus, Egypt, 2010–2012
- Author
-
Ghazi Kayali, Ahmed Kandeil, Rabeh El-Shesheny, Ahmed S. Kayed, Mokhtar M. Gomaa, Asmaa M. Maatouq, Mahmoud M. Shehata, Yassmin Moatasim, Ola Bagato, Zhipeng Cai, Adam Rubrum, Mohamed A. Kutkat, Pamela P. McKenzie, Robert G. Webster, Richard J. Webby, and Mohamed A. Ali
- Subjects
avian influenza ,H5N1 ,surveillance ,Egypt ,viruses ,highly pathogenic avian influenza ,Medicine ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Continuous circulation of influenza A(H5N1) virus among poultry in Egypt has created an epicenter in which the viruses evolve into newer subclades and continue to cause disease in humans. To detect influenza viruses in Egypt, since 2009 we have actively surveyed various regions and poultry production sectors. From August 2010 through January 2013, >11,000 swab samples were collected; 10% were positive by matrix gene reverse transcription PCR. During this period, subtype H9N2 viruses emerged, cocirculated with subtype H5N1 viruses, and frequently co-infected the same avian host. Genetic and antigenic analyses of viruses revealed that influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.2.1 viruses are dominant and that all subtype H9N2 viruses are G1-like. Cocirculation of different subtypes poses concern for potential reassortment. Avian influenza continues to threaten public and animal health in Egypt, and continuous surveillance for avian influenza virus is needed.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Multiple introductions of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses into Bangladesh
- Author
-
Atanaska Marinova-Petkova, Mohammed M Feeroz, SM Rabiul Alam, M Kamrul Hasan, Sharmin Akhtar, Lisa Jones-Engel, David Walker, Laura McClenaghan, Adam Rubrum, John Franks, Patrick Seiler, Trushar Jeevan, Pamela McKenzie, Scott Krauss, Richard J Webby, and Robert G Webster
- Subjects
Bangladesh ,clades ,H5N1 ,H9N2 ,live bird markets ,phylogenetic tree ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Highly pathogenic H5N1 and low pathogenic H9N2 influenza viruses are endemic to poultry markets in Bangladesh and have cocirculated since 2008. H9N2 influenza viruses circulated constantly in the poultry markets, whereas highly pathogenic H5N1 viruses occurred sporadically, with peaks of activity in cooler months. Thirty highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza viruses isolated from poultry were characterized by antigenic, molecular, and phylogenetic analyses. Highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza viruses from clades 2.2.2 and 2.3.2.1 were isolated from live bird markets only. Phylogenetic analysis of the 30 H5N1 isolates revealed multiple introductions of H5N1 influenza viruses in Bangladesh. There was no reassortment between the local H9N2 influenza viruses and H5N1 genotype, despite their prolonged cocirculation. However, we detected two reassortant H5N1 viruses, carrying the M gene from the Chinese H9N2 lineage, which briefly circulated in the Bangladesh poultry markets and then disappeared. On the other hand, interclade reassortment occurred within H5N1 lineages and played a role in the genesis of the currently dominant H5N1 viruses in Bangladesh. Few ‘human-like’ mutations in H5N1 may account for the limited number of human cases. Antigenically, clade 2.3.2.1 H5N1 viruses in Bangladesh have evolved since their introduction and are currently mainly homogenous, and show evidence of recent antigenic drift. Although reassortants containing H9N2 genes were detected in live poultry markets in Bangladesh, these reassortants failed to supplant the dominant H5N1 lineage.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Genetic and antigenic evolution of H9N2 avian influenza viruses circulating in Egypt between 2011 and 2013
- Author
-
Kandeil, Ahmed, El-Shesheny, Rabeh, Maatouq, Asmaa M., Moatasim, Yassmin, Shehata, Mahmoud M., Bagato, Ola, Rubrum, Adam, Shanmuganatham, Karthik, Webby, Richard J., Ali, Mohamed Ahmed, and Kayali, Ghazi
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Swine Outbreak of Pandemic Influenza A Virus on a Canadian Research Farm Supports Human-to-Swine Transmission
- Author
-
Forgie, Sarah E., Keenliside, Julia, Wilkinson, Craig, Webby, Richard, Lu, Patricia, Sorensen, Ole, Fonseca, Kevin, Barman, Subrata, Rubrum, Adam, Stigger, Evelyn, Marrie, Thomas J., Marshall, Frank, Spady, Donald W., Hu, Jia, Loeb, Mark, Russell, Margaret L., and Babiuk, Lorne A.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Multiple Introductions of Avian Influenza Viruses (H5N1), Laos, 2009–2010
- Author
-
Stephanie Sonnberg, Phouvong Phommachanh, Tri Satya Putri Naipospos, Joanna McKenzie, Chintana Chanthavisouk, Som Pathammavong, Daniel Darnell, Phetlamphone Meeduangchanh, Adam M. Rubrum, Mahanakhone Souriya, Bounkhouang Khambounheuang, Richard J. Webby, Bounlom Douangngeun, and Robert G. Webster
- Subjects
H5N1 ,influenza ,Laos ,surveillance ,viruses ,domestic poultry ,Medicine ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Avian influenza viruses (H5N1) of clades 2.3.4.1, 2.3.4.2, and 2.3.2.1 were introduced into Laos in 2009–2010. To investigate these viruses, we conducted active surveillance of poultry during March 2010. We detected viruses throughout Laos, including several interclade reassortants and 2 subgroups of clade 2.3.4, one of which caused an outbreak in May 2010.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Puzzling inefficiency of H5N1 influenza vaccines in Egyptian poultry
- Author
-
Kim, Jeong-Ki, Kayali, Ghazi, Walker, David, Forrest, Heather L., Ellebedy, Ali H., Griffin, Yolanda S., Rubrum, Adam, Bahgat, Mahmoud M., Kutkat, M. A., Ali, M. A. A., Aldridge, Jerry R., Negovetich, Nicholas J., Krauss, Scott, Webby, Richard J., and Webster, Robert G.
- Published
- 2010
29. Multiple Reassortment between Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 and Endemic Influenza Viruses in Pigs, United States
- Author
-
Mariette F. Ducatez, Ben Hause, Evelyn Stigger-Rosser, Daniel Darnell, Cesar Corzo, Kevin Juleen, Randy Simonson, Christy Brockwell-Staats, Adam Rubrum, David Wang, Ashley Webb, Jeri-Carol Crumpton, James F. Lowe, Marie Gramer, and Richard J. Webby
- Subjects
zoonoses ,swine influenza ,influenza ,endemic ,pandemic ,reassortant ,Medicine ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
As a result of human-to-pig transmission, pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus was detected in pigs soon after it emerged in humans. In the United States, this transmission was quickly followed by multiple reassortment between the pandemic virus and endemic swine viruses. Nine reassortant viruses representing 7 genotypes were detected in commercial pig farms in the United States. Field observations suggested that the newly described reassortant viruses did not differ substantially from pandemic (H1N1) 2009 or endemic strains in their ability to cause disease. Comparable growth properties of reassortant and endemic viruses in vitro supported these observations; similarly, a representative reassortant virus replicated in ferrets to the same extent as did pandemic (H1N1) 2009 and endemic swine virus. These novel reassortant viruses highlight the increasing complexity of influenza viruses within pig populations and the frequency at which viral diversification occurs in this ecologically important viral reservoir.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Active surveillance for avian influenza virus, Egypt, 2010-2012
- Author
-
Kayali, Ghazi, Kandeil, Ahmed, Shesheny, Rabeh El-, Kayed, Ahmed S., Gomaa, Mokhtar M., Maatouq, Asmaa M., Shehata, Mahmoud M., Moatasim, Yassmin, Bagato, Ola, Cai, Zhipeng, Rubrum, Adam, Kutkat, Mohamed A., McKenzie, Pamela P., Webster, Robert G., Webby, Richard J., and Ali, Mohamed A.
- Subjects
Avian influenza -- Analysis ,Avian influenza viruses -- Analysis ,Earthquakes -- Egypt -- Analysis ,Poultry industry -- Analysis ,Genetic transcription -- Analysis ,Health ,World Health Organization - Abstract
In 2008, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virus became enzootic among poultry in Egypt, and the country became an epicenter for virus activity (1). As the established viruses drifted [...]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus in Poultry, Benin, 2021.
- Author
-
Nonmon Sanogo, Idrissa, Djegui, Fidelia, Akpo, Yao, Gnanvi, Corneille, Dupré, Gabriel, Rubrum, Adam, Jeevan, Trushar, McKenzie, Pamela, Webby, Richard J., Ducatez, Mariette F., and Sanogo, Idrissa Nonmon
- Abstract
In August 2021, we detected highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b viruses in poultry in southern Benin. The isolates were genetically similar to H5N1 viruses of clade 2.3.4.4b isolated during the same period in Africa and Europe. We also found evidence for 2 separate introductions of these viruses into Benin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 in Captive Cheetah
- Author
-
Beate Crossley, Sharon Hietala, Tania Hunt, Glenn Benjamin, Marie Martinez, Daniel Darnell, Adam Rubrum, and Richard Webby
- Subjects
pandemics ,zoonoses ,Acinonyx jubatus ,cheetahs ,influenza A virus ,H1N1 subtype ,Medicine ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
We describe virus isolation, full genome sequence analysis, and clinical pathology in ferrets experimentally inoculated with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus recovered from a clinically ill captive cheetah that had minimal human contact. Evidence of reverse zoonotic transmission by fomites underscores the substantial animal and human health implications of this virus.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Insights into Genetic Characteristics and Virological Features of Endemic Avian Influenza A (H9N2) Viruses in Egypt from 2017–2021.
- Author
-
El Sayes, Mohamed, Kandeil, Ahmed, Moatasim, Yassmin, El Taweel, Ahmed, Rubrum, Adam, Kutkat, Omnia, Kamel, Mina Nabil, Badra, Rebecca, Barakat, Ahmed B., McKenzie, Pamela P., El-Shesheny, Rabeh, Webby, Richard J., Kayali, Ghazi, and Ali, Mohamed Ahmed
- Subjects
PANDEMICS ,AVIAN influenza ,AVIAN influenza A virus ,WATCHFUL waiting ,VIRAL genomes - Abstract
From 2010 to 2013, genotype I avian influenza A(H9N2) viruses of the G1-lineage were isolated from several poultry species in Egypt. In 2014, novel reassortant H9N2 viruses were detected in pigeons designated as genotype II. To monitor the subsequent genetic evolution of Egyptian A(H9N2) viruses, we characterized the full genomes of 173 viruses isolated through active surveillance from 2017 to 2022. In addition, we compared the virological characteristics and pathogenicity of representative viruses. Phylogenetic analysis of the HA indicated that all studied sequences from 2017–2021 were grouped into G1-like H9N2 viruses previously detected in Egypt. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the Egyptian A(H9N2) viruses had undergone further reassortment, inheriting four genes (PB2, PB1, PA, NS) from genotype II, with their remaining segments deriving from genotype I viruses (these viruses designated as genotype III). Studying the virological features of the two most dominant genotypes (I and III) of Egyptian H9N2 viruses in vitro and in vivo indicated that both replicated well in mammalian cells, but did not show any clinical signs in chickens, ducks, and mice. Monitoring avian influenza viruses through surveillance programs and understanding the genetic and antigenic characteristics of circulating H9N2 viruses are essential for risk assessment and influenza pandemic preparedness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Bibliotecas de logroñeses del s. XVIII
- Author
-
Equipo RUBRUM
- Subjects
History (General) and history of Europe - Abstract
Una de las pistas más importantes para conocer el nivel intelectual y la dífu-sión de la cultura en los países de la Europa Moderna, fue sin duda la can-tidad y la calidad de las bibliotecas de sus ciudadanos, más allá de la puntual riqueza de las de la elite dirigente. Con más razón en el caso del fenómeno de la Ilustración. ¿Hasta qué punto trascendió los ámbitos corte-sanos para calar en el pueblo llano? En este artículo se pretende dar res-puesta a esta pregunta analizando una veintena de bibliotecas de la ciudad de Logroño.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Cross-neutralization of influenza A viruses mediated by a single antibody loop
- Author
-
Ekiert, Damian C., Kashyap, Arun K., Steel, John, Rubrum, Adam, Bhabha, Gira, Khayat, Reza, Lee, Jeong Hyun, Dillon, Michael A., O'Neil, Ryann E., Faynboym, Aleksandr M., Horowitz, Michael, Horowitz, Lawrence, Ward, Andrew B., Palese, Peter, Webby, Richard, Lerner, Richard A., Bhatt, Ramesh R., and Wilson, Ian A.
- Subjects
Influenza viruses -- Research ,Agglutinins -- Research ,Viruses -- Inactivation ,Complementarity-determining regions -- Observations ,Environmental issues ,Science and technology ,Zoology and wildlife conservation - Abstract
Immune recognition of protein antigens relies on the combined interaction of multiple antibody loops, which provide a fairly large footprint and constrain the size and shape of protein surfaces that can be targeted. Single protein loops can mediate extremely high-affinity binding, but it is unclear whether such a mechanism is available to antibodies. Here we report the isolation and characterization of an antibody called C05, which neutralizes strains from multiple subtypes of influenza A virus, including H1, H2 and H3. X-ray and electron microscopy structures show that C05 recognizes conserved elements of the receptor-binding site on the haemagglutinin surface glycoprotein. Recognition of the haemagglutinin receptor-binding site is dominated by a single heavy-chain complementarity-determining region 3 loop, with minor contacts from heavy-chain complementarity-determining region 1, and is sufficient to achieve nanomolar binding with a minimal footprint. Thus, binding predominantly with a single loop can allow antibodies to target small, conserved functional sites on otherwise hypervariable antigens., Antibody recognition of protein antigens is predominantly mediated by four to six complementarity-determining regions (CDRs), which are the variable loops at the tip of each Fab. The relatively large footprint [...]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Multiple introductions of Avian influenza viruses (H5N1), Laos, 2009-2010
- Author
-
Sonnberg, Stephanie, Phommachanh, Phouvong, Naipospos, Tri Satya Putri, McKenzie, Joanna, Chanthavisouk, Chintana, Pathammavong, Som, Darnell, Daniel, Meeduangchanh, Phetlamphone, Rubrum, Adam M., Souriya, Mahanakhone, Khambounheuang, Bounkhouang, Webby, Richard J., Douangngeun, Bounlom, and Webster, Robert G.
- Subjects
Medical research ,Medicine, Experimental ,Avian influenza viruses -- Distribution ,Sentinel health events -- Research ,Disease transmission -- Research ,Company distribution practices ,Health - Abstract
Avian influenza viruses (H5N1) of clades 2.3.4.1, 2.3.4.2, and 2.3.2.1 were introduced into Laos in 20092010. To investigate these viruses, we conducted active surveillance of poultry during March 2010. We [...]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Multiple reassortment between pandemic (H1N1) 2009 and endemic influenza viruses in pigs, United States
- Author
-
Ducatez, Mariette F., Hause, Ben, Stigger-Rosser, Evelyn, Darnell, Daniel, Corzo, Cesar, Juleen, Kevin, Simonson, Randy, Brockwell-Staats, Christy, Rubrum, Adam, Wang, David, Webb, Ashley, Crumpton, Jeri-Carol, Lowe, James, Gramer, Marie, and Webby, Richard J.
- Subjects
Swine influenza -- Genetic aspects ,Influenza viruses ,Pork industry ,Disease transmission -- Genetic aspects ,Health - Abstract
Since its detection in humans in April 2009 (1), the pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus spread quickly throughout the world. The pandemic virus was first detected in pigs in [...]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Expanding Mouse-Adapted Yamagata-like Influenza B Viruses in Eggs Enhances In Vivo Lethality in BALB/c Mice.
- Author
-
Pekarek, Matthew J., Petro-Turnquist, Erika M., Rubrum, Adam, Webby, Richard J., and Weaver, Eric A.
- Subjects
INFLUENZA viruses ,ANIMAL disease models ,AMINO acid sequence ,EGGS ,INFLUENZA ,VIRAL genomes - Abstract
Despite the yearly global impact of influenza B viruses (IBVs), limited host range has been a hurdle to developing a readily accessible small animal disease model for vaccine studies. Mouse-adapting IBV can produce highly pathogenic viruses through serial lung passaging in mice. Previous studies have highlighted amino acid changes throughout the viral genome correlating with increased pathogenicity, but no consensus mutations have been determined. We aimed to show that growth system can play a role in mouse-adapted IBV lethality. Two Yamagata-lineage IBVs were serially passaged 10 times in mouse lungs before expansion in embryonated eggs or Madin–Darby canine kidney cells (London line) for use in challenge studies. We observed that virus grown in embryonated eggs was significantly more lethal in mice than the same virus grown in cell culture. Ten additional serial lung passages of one strain again showed virus grown in eggs was more lethal than virus grown in cells. Additionally, no mutations in the surface glycoprotein amino acid sequences correlated to differences in lethality. Our results suggest growth system can influence lethality of mouse-adapted IBVs after serial lung passaging. Further research can highlight improved mechanisms for developing animal disease models for IBV vaccine research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Protection against divergent influenza H1N1 virus by a centralized influenza hemagglutinin.
- Author
-
Eric A Weaver, Adam M Rubrum, Richard J Webby, and Michael A Barry
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Influenza poses a persistent worldwide threat to the human population. As evidenced by the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, current vaccine technologies are unable to respond rapidly to this constantly diverging pathogen. We tested the utility of adenovirus (Ad) vaccines expressing centralized consensus influenza antigens. Ad vaccines were produced within 2 months and protected against influenza in mice within 3 days of vaccination. Ad vaccines were able to protect at doses as low as 10(7) virus particles/kg indicating that approximately 1,000 human doses could be rapidly generated from standard Ad preparations. To generate broadly cross-reactive immune responses, centralized consensus antigens were constructed against H1 influenza and against H1 through H5 influenza. Twenty full-length H1 HA sequences representing the main branches of the H1 HA phylogenetic tree were used to create a synthetic centralized gene, HA1-con. HA1-con minimizes the degree of sequence dissimilarity between the vaccine and existing circulating viruses. The centralized H1 gene, HA1-con, induced stronger immune responses and better protection against mismatched virus challenges as compared to two wildtype H1 genes. HA1-con protected against three genetically diverse lethal influenza challenges. When mice were challenged with 1934 influenza A/PR/8/34, HA1-con protected 100% of mice while vaccine generated from 2009 A/TX/05/09 only protected 40%. Vaccination with 1934 A/PR/8/34 and 2009 A/TX/05/09 protected 60% and 20% against 1947 influenza A/FM/1/47, respectively, whereas 80% of mice vaccinated with HA1-con were protected. Notably, 80% of mice challenged with 2009 swine flu isolate A/California/4/09 were protected by HA1-con vaccination. These data show that HA1-con in Ad has potential as a rapid and universal vaccine for H1N1 influenza viruses.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. A contributing role for anti-neuraminidase antibodies on immunity to pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza A virus.
- Author
-
Glendie Marcelin, Rebecca DuBois, Adam Rubrum, Charles J Russell, Janet E McElhaney, and Richard J Webby
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Exposure to contemporary seasonal influenza A viruses affords partial immunity to pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza A virus (pH1N1) infection. The impact of antibodies to the neuraminidase (NA) of seasonal influenza A viruses to cross-immunity against pH1N1 infection is unknown.Antibodies to the NA of different seasonal H1N1 influenza strains were tested for cross-reactivity against A/California/04/09 (pH1N1). A panel of reverse genetic (rg) recombinant viruses was generated containing 7 genes of the H1N1 influenza strain A/Puerto Rico/08/34 (PR8) and the NA gene of either the pandemic H1N1 2009 strain (pH1N1) or one of the following contemporary seasonal H1N1 strains: A/Solomon/03/06 (rg Solomon) or A/Brisbane/59/07 (rg Brisbane). Convalescent sera collected from mice infected with recombinant viruses were measured for cross-reactive antibodies to pH1N1 via Hemagglutinin Inhibition (HI) or Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The ectodomain of a recombinant NA protein from the pH1N1 strain (pNA-ecto) was expressed, purified and used in ELISA to measure cross-reactive antibodies. Analysis of sera from elderly humans immunized with trivalent split-inactivated influenza (TIV) seasonal vaccines prior to 2009 revealed considerable cross-reactivity to pNA-ecto. High titers of cross-reactive antibodies were detected in mice inoculated with either rg Solomon or rg Brisbane. Convalescent sera from mice inoculated with recombinant viruses were used to immunize naïve recipient Balb/c mice by passive transfer prior to challenge with pH1N1. Mice receiving rg California sera were better protected than animals receiving rg Solomon or rg Brisbane sera.The NA of contemporary seasonal H1N1 influenza strains induces a cross-reactive antibody response to pH1N1 that correlates with reduced lethality from pH1N1 challenge, albeit less efficiently than anti-pH1N1 NA antibodies. These findings demonstrate that seasonal NA antibodies contribute to but are not sufficient for cross-reactive immunity to pH1N1.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Protection from the 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza by an antibody from combinatorial survivor-based libraries.
- Author
-
Arun K Kashyap, John Steel, Adam Rubrum, Angeles Estelles, Raffaella Briante, Natalia A Ilyushina, Li Xu, Ryann E Swale, Aleksandr M Faynboym, Pamela K Foreman, Michael Horowitz, Lawrence Horowitz, Richard Webby, Peter Palese, Richard A Lerner, and Ramesh R Bhatt
- Subjects
Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Influenza viruses elude immune responses and antiviral chemotherapeutics through genetic drift and reassortment. As a result, the development of new strategies that attack a highly conserved viral function to prevent and/or treat influenza infection is being pursued. Such novel broadly acting antiviral therapies would be less susceptible to virus escape and provide a long lasting solution to the evolving virus challenge. Here we report the in vitro and in vivo activity of a human monoclonal antibody (A06) against two isolates of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza virus. This antibody, which was obtained from a combinatorial library derived from a survivor of highly pathogenic H5N1 infection, neutralizes H5N1, seasonal H1N1 and 2009 "Swine" H1N1 pandemic influenza in vitro with similar potency and is capable of preventing and treating 2009 H1N1 influenza infection in murine models of disease. These results demonstrate broad activity of the A06 antibody and its utility as an anti-influenza treatment option, even against newly evolved influenza strains to which there is limited immunity in the general population.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Avian Influenza a H9N2 Viruses in Morocco, 2018–2019.
- Author
-
Sikht, Fatima-Zohra, Ducatez, Mariette, Touzani, Charifa Drissi, Rubrum, Adam, Webby, Richard, El Houadfi, Mohammed, Tligui, Nour-Said, Camus, Christelle, and Fellahi, Siham
- Subjects
AVIAN influenza A virus ,COVID-19 ,AVIAN influenza ,VIRUS isolation ,CHICKEN breeds ,POULTRY breeding ,HENS - Abstract
Low pathogenic H9N2 avian influenza (LPAI H9N2) is considered one of the most important diseases found in poultry (broiler, laying hens, breeding chickens, and turkeys). This infection causes considerable economic losses. The objective of this work was to monitor and assess the presence of avian influenza virus (AIV) H9N2 in eight different regions of Morocco using real-time RT-PCR, and to assess the phylogenetic and molecular evolution of the H9N2 viruses between 2016 and 2019. Field samples were collected from 108 farms suspected of being infected with LPAI H9N2 virus. Samples were analyzed using H9N2-specific real-time RT-PCR. Highly positive samples were subjected to virus isolation and seven isolates were fully sequenced. Low pathogenic H9N2 avian influenza virus was introduced in Morocco in 2016. We show that in 2018–2019, the virus was still present irrespective of vaccination status. Phylogenetic and molecular analyses showed mutations related to virulence, although our viruses were related to 2016 Moroccan viruses and grouped in the G1 lineage. Specific amino acid substitutions were identified in Moroccan H9N2 viruses that are believed to lead to increased resistance to antiviral drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Genetic and Antigenic Characteristics of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Viruses Circulating in Domestic Poultry in Egypt, 2017–2021.
- Author
-
Kandeil, Ahmed, Moatasim, Yassmin, El Taweel, Ahmed, El Sayes, Mohamed, Rubrum, Adam, Jeevan, Trushar, McKenzie, Pamela P., Webby, Richard J., Ali, Mohamed A., Kayali, Ghazi, and El-Shesheny, Rabeh
- Subjects
AVIAN influenza ,AVIAN influenza A virus ,POULTRY ,VIRAL genes ,VIRAL mutation ,VIRAL proteins - Abstract
In Egypt, the endemicity of avian influenza viruses is a serious concern. Since 2016, several outbreaks of H5N8 have been recorded among domestic poultry in various areas of the country. Active surveillance of domestic poultry across several governorates in Egypt from 2017 to 2021 detected at least six genotypes of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N8 viruses with evidence of partial or complete annual replacement of dominant strains. Although all Egyptian H5N8 viruses had clade 2.3.4.4b hemagglutinin (HA) genes, the remaining viral gene segments were from multiple geographic origins, indicating that the H5N8 isolates resulted from multiple introductions. Mutations in the viral proteins associated with pathogenicity and antiviral drug resistance were detected. Some mutations in the HA resulted in antigenic drift. Heterogeneity in circulating H5N8 HPAI threatens poultry production and public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Genetic composition of contemporary swine influenza viruses in the West Central region of the United States of America
- Author
-
Evseenko, Vasiliy A., Boon, Adrianus C. M., Brockwell-Staats, Christy, Franks, John, Rubrum, Adam, Daniels, Curt S., Gramer, Marie R., and Webby, Richard J.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Antigenic and molecular characterization of low pathogenic avian influenza A(H9N2) viruses in sub-Saharan Africa from 2017 through 2019.
- Author
-
Fusade-Boyer, Maxime, Djegui, Fidélia, Batawui, Komla, Byuragaba, Denis K., Jones, Jeremy C., Wabwire-Mangeni, Fred, Erima, Bernard, Atim, Gladys, Ukuli, Qouilazoni A., Tugume, Titus, Dogno, Koffi, Adjabli, Komlan, Nzuzi, Mvibudulu, Adjin, Rachidatou, Jeevan, Trushar, Rubrum, Adam, Go-Maro, Wolali, Kayali, Ghazi, McKenzie, Pamela, and Webby, Richard J.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 in captive cheetah
- Author
-
Crossley, Beate, Hietala, Sharon, Hunt, Tania, Benjamin, Glenn, Martinez, Marie, Darnell, Daniel, Rubrum, Adam, and Webby, Richard
- Subjects
Epidemics -- California -- Safety and security measures ,Cheetahs -- Safety and security measures ,Veterinary supplies industry -- Safety and security measures ,Disease transmission -- Safety and security measures ,Health - Abstract
Case Report In November 2009, during the surge of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 cases among humans and ≅ 7 months after A/California/04/2009(H1N1) was first reported in a child in southern California [...]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. A(H9N2) influenza viruses associated with chicken mortality in outbreaks in Algeria 2017.
- Author
-
Jeevan, Trushar, Darnell, Daniel, Gradi, El Alia, Benali, Yasmine, Kara, Redhouane, Guetarni, Djamel, Rubrum, Adam, Seiler, Patrick J, Crumpton, Jeri Carol, Webby, Richard John, and Derrar, Fawzi
- Subjects
INFLUENZA viruses ,CHICKENS ,AGRICULTURAL exhibitions ,MORTALITY ,INFLUENZA ,CHICKEN diseases - Abstract
In late 2017, increased mortality was detected in chicken farms in Algeria undergoing A(H9N2) influenza outbreaks. Analysis of viruses isolated from affected farms showed that they were monophyletic, were of the G1 hemagglutinin (HA) lineage, and were antigenically and genetically similar to viruses detected contemporaneously in other countries in Northern Africa and the Middle East. The virus was able to spread via contact transmission between ferrets but did not cause disease in intravenously inoculated chickens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Multiple introductions of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses into Bangladesh.
- Author
-
Marinova-Petkova, Atanaska, Feeroz, Mohammed M, Rabiul Alam, SM, Kamrul Hasan, M, Akhtar, Sharmin, Jones-Engel, Lisa, Walker, David, McClenaghan, Laura, Rubrum, Adam, Franks, John, Seiler, Patrick, Jeevan, Trushar, McKenzie, Pamela, Krauss, Scott, Webby, Richard J, and Webster, Robert G
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. A Contributing Role for Anti-Neuraminidase Antibodies on Immunity to Pandemic H1N1 2009 Influenza A Virus.
- Author
-
Marcelin, Glendie, DuBois, Rebecca, Rubrum, Adam, Russell, Charles J., McElhaney, Janet E., and Webby, Richard J.
- Subjects
SWINE influenza ,IMMUNOGLOBULINS ,NEURAMINIDASE ,RECOMBINANT viruses ,IMMUNOENZYME technique - Abstract
Background: Exposure to contemporary seasonal influenza A viruses affords partial immunity to pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza A virus (pH1N1) infection. The impact of antibodies to the neuraminidase (NA) of seasonal influenza A viruses to cross-immunity against pH1N1 infection is unknown. Methods and Results: Antibodies to the NA of different seasonal H1N1 influenza strains were tested for cross-reactivity against A/California/04/09 (pH1N1). A panel of reverse genetic (rg) recombinant viruses was generated containing 7 genes of the H1N1 influenza strain A/Puerto Rico/08/34 (PR8) and the NA gene of either the pandemic H1N1 2009 strain (pH1N1) or one of the following contemporary seasonal H1N1 strains: A/Solomon/03/06 (rg Solomon) or A/Brisbane/59/07 (rg Brisbane). Convalescent sera collected from mice infected with recombinant viruses were measured for cross-reactive antibodies to pH1N1 via Hemagglutinin Inhibition (HI) or Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The ectodomain of a recombinant NA protein from the pH1N1 strain (pNA-ecto) was expressed, purified and used in ELISA to measure crossreactive antibodies. Analysis of sera from elderly humans immunized with trivalent split-inactivated influenza (TIV) seasonal vaccines prior to 2009 revealed considerable cross-reactivity to pNA-ecto. High titers of cross-reactive antibodies were detected in mice inoculated with either rg Solomon or rg Brisbane. Convalescent sera from mice inoculated with recombinant viruses were used to immunize naïve recipient Balb/c mice by passive transfer prior to challenge with pH1N1. Mice receiving rg California sera were better protected than animals receiving rg Solomon or rg Brisbane sera. Conclusions: The NA of contemporary seasonal H1N1 influenza strains induces a cross-reactive antibody response to pH1N1 that correlates with reduced lethality from pH1N1 challenge, albeit less efficiently than anti-pH1N1 NA antibodies. These findings demonstrate that seasonal NA antibodies contribute to but are not sufficient for cross-reactive immunity to pH1N1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Protection against Divergent Influenza H1N1 Virus by a Centralized Influenza Hemagglutinin.
- Author
-
Weaver, Eric A., Rubrum, Adam M., Webby, Richard J., and Barry, Michael A.
- Subjects
- *
INFLUENZA , *INFLUENZA A virus, H1N1 subtype , *VACCINATION , *ADENOVIRUSES , *IMMUNIZATION - Abstract
Influenza poses a persistent worldwide threat to the human population. As evidenced by the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, current vaccine technologies are unable to respond rapidly to this constantly diverging pathogen. We tested the utility of adenovirus (Ad) vaccines expressing centralized consensus influenza antigens. Ad vaccines were produced within 2 months and protected against influenza in mice within 3 days of vaccination. Ad vaccines were able to protect at doses as low as 107 virus particles/kg indicating that approximately 1,000 human doses could be rapidly generated from standard Ad preparations. To generate broadly cross-reactive immune responses, centralized consensus antigens were constructed against H1 influenza and against H1 through H5 influenza. Twenty full-length H1 HA sequences representing the main branches of the H1 HA phylogenetic tree were used to create a synthetic centralized gene, HA1-con. HA1-con minimizes the degree of sequence dissimilarity between the vaccine and existing circulating viruses. The centralized H1 gene, HA1-con, induced stronger immune responses and better protection against mismatched virus challenges as compared to two wildtype H1 genes. HA1-con protected against three genetically diverse lethal influenza challenges. When mice were challenged with 1934 influenza A/PR/8/34, HA1-con protected 100% of mice while vaccine generated from 2009 A/TX/05/09 only protected 40%. Vaccination with 1934 A/PR/8/34 and 2009 A/TX/05/09 protected 60% and 20% against 1947 influenza A/FM/1/47, respectively, whereas 80% of mice vaccinated with HA1-con were protected. Notably, 80% of mice challenged with 2009 swine flu isolate A/California/4/09 were protected by HA1-con vaccination. These data show that HA1-con in Ad has potential as a rapid and universal vaccine for H1N1 influenza viruses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.