Search

In this research paper, the authors aim to establish a novel algorithm in the finite difference method (FDM). The novel idea is proposed in the mesh generation process, the process to generate random grids. The FDM over a randomly generated grid enables fast convergence and improves the accuracy of the solution for a given problem; it also enhances the quality of precision by minimizing the error. The FDM involves uniform grids, which are commonly used in solving the partial differential equation (PDE) and the fractional partial differential equation. However, it requires a higher number of iterations to reach convergence. In addition, there is still no definite principle for the discretization of the model to generate the mesh. The newly proposed method, which is the SM method, employed randomly generated grids for mesh generation. This method is compared with the uniform grid method to check the validity and potential in minimizing the computational time and error. The comparative study is conducted for the first time by generating meshes of different cell sizes, i.e., 10×10,20×20,30×30,40×4010\times 10,\hspace{.25em}20\times 20,\hspace{.25em}30\times 30,\hspace{.25em}40\times 40 using MATLAB and ANSYS programs. The two-dimensional PDEs are solved over uniform and random grids. A significant reduction in the computational time is also noticed. Thus, this method is recommended to be used in solving the PDEs.

Hybrid nanofluids provide several advantages over conventional fluids, including improved thermal characteristics, increased stability, customizable features, multifunctionality, and environmental advantages. Hybrid nanofluids are an appealing alternative for a variety of applications due to these benefits. This study aims to compute the non-similar solution of single-multi wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs-MWCNTs)-based hybrid nanofluid flow over an inclined extending surface. Heat transmission and flow are observed under the effects of quadratic convection, Darcy-Forchheimer quadratic drag forces, viscous dissipation, and non-linear thermal radiative heat flux. The velocity and thermal slip constraints are imposed at the inclined surface. For the model-based comparison, Xue, and Modified Hamilton Crosser thermal conductivity models for carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are adopted. The irreversibility of the system is also investigated using the second law of thermodynamics for the distinct CNTs-based thermal conductivity models. Non-similarity variables are adopted to convert nonlinear partial differential equations into dimensionless PDEs. Analytical modeling of non-similar systems is done by adopting non-similarity transformations up to second-level truncation, and the bvp4c technique is then used to compute the results numerically. The research found that at 75° of plate inclination, the Modified Hamilton Crosser model for CNTs outperforms the Xue model in terms of heat transfer rate. Further, entropy generation is significantly larger for the Xue model than for the Modified Hamilton Crosser model for CNTs against higher values of viscous dissipation and porosity parameters. It is also revealed that for opposing buoyancy force GR < 0, the temperature of the fluid escalates. This study possesses multiple applications including petroleum engineering, heat exchangers, environmental remediation, and biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hybrid nanofluids generally exhibit better thermal efficiency than traditional nanofluids due to the synergistic effects of different types of nanoparticles. The combination of these nanoparticles can improve stability, thermal conductivity, and heat transfer performance. This study aims to investigate the effects of Hall current and ion slip on a three-dimensional, steady flow of hybrid nanofluid induced by a bidirectional extending surface while considering the presence of Zinc oxide (ZnO) and Gold (Au) nanoparticles dispersed in Kerosene oil and water to establish two different hybrid nanofluids. Additionally, a heat transfer analysis is conducted in the presence of Cattaneo-Christov (C-C) heat flux and variable heat source/sink. The characteristics of fluid flow are elaborated using the Tiwari and Das model, and a comparison between the two hybrid nanofluid models is presented in detail. The novelty of the envisioned model lies in the heat transfer comparison of two assumed hybrid nanofluid flows in the presence of Hall current and the ion slip over a bidirectional extended surface. The other assumed factors also boost the uniqueness of the model under consideration. To convert the flow model of partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations, relevant transformations are implemented, which are then numerically handled using the bvp4c scheme. The consequences of dimensionless quantities on flow and temperature distributions are highlighted using graphs, and the surface drag coefficients and surface heat transfer rates are also assessed and summarized. The study shows that ZnO-Au/water combination leads to higher heat transfer rates compared to ZnO-Au/Kerosene Oil. Additionally, the proposed model is validated in this research work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In varied practical situations, the assumption of constant values are considered for approximations or simplifications to make computations more adaptable. Nevertheless, when there is a requirement for precision, accuracy, and exact results, the consideration of variable characteristics becomes essential. Considering the same, the article's uniqueness lies in studying variable thermal conductivity, variable viscosity, and variable mass diffusivity as governing factors. This study analyzes the movement of a three-dimensional Maxwell nanofluid across a rotating deformable disk deliberating the Hall current and Ion slip impact. In addition, the analysis seeks to boost the stability of the nanofluid flow by incorporating the impact of bio-convection. The velocity slip and convective constraints are enforced at the boundary. The Von Karman transformations are engaged, and accordingly, a numerical solution is computed. Graphical illustrations are used to highlight the significant effects of the problem. The findings revealed that the fluid velocity decreases in both the azimuthal and radial directions for different estimations of the variable viscosity and Deborah number. Additionally, the fluid velocities in the azimuthal and radial directions exhibit opposite trends for Hall current and Ion slip. The endorsement of the presented results is also provided in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An induced magnetic field is produced owing to an electric current flowing through the conductor. The induced magnetic field and the length of the conductor are in direct proportion. The current study examines the comparison of Yamada-Ota and Xue thermal conductivity models for a mixed convective hybrid nanoliquid flow through the permeable vertical channel influenced by an induced magnetic field. The projected model is supported by the combination of thermal radiation and heat generation and multiple slip conditions imposed on the walls. The Tiwari and Das model is adopted considering engine oil as a working liquid with immersed multiwalled and single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) nanoparticles. The unique combination of strength, conductivity, and other properties make CNTs a promising material for an extensive variety of applications. These governing partial differential equations undergo conversion to ordinary differential equations via the similarity transformation and are then numerically processed with the bvp4c technique of the MATLAB program. The outcomes are deliberated logically via illustrations and tables. It is perceived that fluid velocity is compromised by strengthening the induced magnetic field. Nevertheless, an opposing trend is witnessed for the enhanced values of the Prandtl number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heat transfer improves significantly when the working fluid has high thermal conductivity. Heat transfer can be found in fields such as food processing, solar through collectors, and drug delivery. Considering this notable fact, this work is focused on investigating the bio-convection-enhanced heat transfer in the existence of convective boundary conditions in the flow of hybrid nanofluid across a stretching surface. Buongiorno fluid model with hybrid nanoparticles has been employed along the swimming microorganisms to investigate the mixture base working fluid. The developed nonlinear flow governing equations have been tackled numerically with the help of the bvp4c. The effects of relevant parameters on the flow dynamic have been portrayed in a graphical representation. The velocity profile decreases by raising the levels of buoyancy ratio and mixed convection in the range of. It has been discovered that when bioconvection levels rise, motile microbe migration abruptly slows, which results in a decrease in fluid acceleration. The concentration of fluid flow declined for the Lewis number, but the opposite trend has been observed for the elastic parameter, thermophoresis parameter, and buoyancy ratio. With rising values of Brownian motion and thermophoretic diffusion, the surface drag and Nusselt number decrease significantly. Whereas, the opposite trend has been observed when the values of the thermal Biot number, Prandtl number and buoyancy ratio are enhanced. Additionally, data from this study have been validated by comparison with those that have previously been published, and an appropriate rate of agreement has been observed. Graphic Abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The formulation of models and solutions for various physical problems are the primary goals of scientific achievements in engineering and physics. Our paper focuses on using the Caputo fractional derivative operator to solve nonlinear fractional logistic differential equations. In order to solve general nonlinear fractional differential equations, we first introduce a novel numerical methodology termed the Homotopy perturbation transform method. The perturbation approach and the Yang transform method are combined to create the suggested strategy. Second, we introduce a new hybrid method that uses the time-fractional Caputo derivative to approximate and analytically solve nonlinear fractional logistic differential equations. This method combines the Yang transform with the decomposition method. To validate the analysis, we offer three numerical cases of nonlinear fractional logistic differential equations employing the Caputo fractional derivative operator. The resulting solutions exhibit rapid convergence and are presented in series form. In order to verify the efficacy and relevance of the suggested methodologies, the investigated issues were assessed through the implementation of different fractional orders. We examine and show that, under the specified initial conditions, the solution approaches under evaluation are accurate and effective. Graphs in two and three dimensions show the results that were obtained. Numerical simulations are presented to confirm the efficacy of the strategies. The numerical results show that an accurate, reliable, and efficient approximation can be obtained with a minimal number of terms. The results obtained demonstrate that the new analytical solution method is easy to apply and very successful in solving difficult fractional problems that occur in relevant engineering and scientific domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article focuses on the new meticulous model based on the postulate of memory-dependent derivatives to analyze the thermo-mechanical interactions inside the nano-beam-based machined resonators. Also, the size effect on dynamic responses of thermoelastic vibrations of homogeneous and isotropic nano-beam is considered. The fundamental expressions are formulated in the frame of non-local generalized thermoelasticity with paired relaxation times by operating the results of Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, non-local effect, and memory-dependent derivative. The proposed model is applied to study the nano-beam-based machined resonator subjected to the ramp-type heating and exponentially decaying time-dependent load. Closed-form solutions of the physical fields are examined by applying the Laplace transform mathematical mechanism. However, the coherence of the new thermal conductivity framework, a collation has been bestowed among the results obtained in the presence or absence of the memory-dependent derivative; also, the size effect is analyzed on the significant parameters of nano-beam such as deflection, temperature, displacement as well as bending moment. Moreover, the prominent influence of the distinct affecting parameters such as constituents of memory-dependent derivative (kernel function and time delay) and ramping time parameter with an applied load on the physical fields have been investigated with the help of quantitative results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanofluids with immersed metallic nanoparticles possess a higher thermal conductivity. The extent of this enhancement is largely dependent on the amount of the volume fraction, composition, nanoparticles' shape, and size. The current study emphasizes nanofluid (gold-ethylene glycol) flow with different shapes past a horizontal infinite permeable conduit. The porous walls exhibit the fluid to move in or out of the channel as the walls expand or contract. The flow problem is modeled in a Cartesian coordinate system by employing the Tiwari-Das nanofluid model. Heat transfer is enhanced with the inclusion of Cattaneo–Christov combined with heat generation/absorption effect and temperature-dependent thermal conductivity. The Hamilton–Crosser model is adopted here for the cylindrical and platelet shapes nanoparticles. By invoking appropriate transformation, the equations are transmuted into ordinary differential equations and are solved numerically by employing the bvp4c approach. The influence of the key parameters is illustrated graphically. A protuberant decline is observed in the cylindrical shape nanoparticles in the thermal field on augmenting the thermal relaxation parameter. The drag force coefficient elevates on incrementing the volume fraction of nanoparticles. A significant correlation is noticed in the findings of the comparison with the existing literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this investigation, we utilize advanced versions of the Extended Direct Algebraic Method (EDAM), namely the modified EDAM (mEDAM) and r+mEDAM, to explore families of optical soliton solutions in the Fractional Perturbed Radhakrishnan–Kundu–Lakshmanan Model (FPRKLM). Our study stands out due to its in-depth investigation and the identification of multiple localized and stable soliton families, illuminating their complex behavior. We offer visual validation via carefully designed 3D graphics that capture the complex behaviors of these solitons. The implications of our research extend to fiber optics, communication systems, and nonlinear optics, with the potential for driving developments in optical devices and information processing technologies. This study conveys an important contribution to the field of nonlinear optics, paving the way for future advancements and a greater comprehension of optical solitons and their applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research uses a novel analytical method known as the modified Extended Direct Algebraic Method (mEDAM) to explore families of soliton solutions for the complex structured Coupled Fractional Biswas–Arshed Model (CFBAM) in Birefringent Fibers. The Direct Algebraic Method (DAM) is extended by the mEDAM's methodology to compute more analytical solutions that would otherwise be difficult to acquire. We use this method to derive several families of soliton solutions and examine their characteristics. We also look at how different model parameters, such as amplitude, width, and propagation speed, affect the dynamics of soliton. Our use of 2D and 3D graphics to illustrate the soliton solutions also makes it possible to see the soliton dynamics more clearly. The outcomes also demonstrate that the method suggested has proven successful in producing soliton solutions for intricate structures such as the CFBAM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research investigates symmetric soliton solutions for the Fractional Coupled Konno–Onno System (FCKOS) by using two improved versions of an Extended Direct Algebraic Method (EDAM) i.e., modified EDAM (mEDAM) and r+mEDAM. By obtaining precise analytical solutions, this research explores the characteristics and behaviours of symmetric solitons in FCKOS. Further, the amplitude, shape and propagation behaviour of some solitons are visualized by means of a 3D graph. This investigation fosters a more thorough comprehension of non-linear wave phenomena in considered systems and offers helpful insights towards soliton behavior in it. The outcomes reveal that the recommended techniques are successful in constructing symmetric soliton solutions for complex models like the FCKOS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The q-homotopy analysis transform method (q-HATM) is a powerful tool for solving differential equations. In this study, we apply the q-HATM to compute the numerical solution of the fractional-order Kolmogorov and Rosenau–Hyman models. Fractional-order models are widely used in physics, engineering, and other fields. However, their numerical solutions are difficult to obtain due to the non-linearity and non-locality of the equations. The q-HATM overcomes these challenges by transforming the equations into a series of linear equations that can be solved numerically. The results show that the q-HATM is an effective and accurate method for solving fractional-order models, and it can be used to study a wide range of phenomena in various fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phase change heat transfer of nano-enhanced phase change materials (NePCMs) was addressed in a heatsink filled with copper metal foam fins. The NePCM was made of 1-Tetradecanol graphite nanoplatelets. The heatsink was an annulus contained where its outer surface was subject to a convective cooling of an external flow while its inner surface was exposed to a constant heat flux. The governing equations, including the momentum and heat transfer with phase change, were explained in a partial differential equation form and integrated using the finite element method. An artificial neural network was employed to map the relationship between the anisotropic angle and nanoparticles fractions with the melting volume fraction. The computational model data were used to successfully train the ANN. The trained ANN showed an R-value close to unity, indicating the high prediction accuracy of the neural network. Then, ANN was used to produce maps of melting fractions as a function of design parameters. The impact of the geometrical placement of metal foam fins and concentrations of the nanoparticles on the surface heat transfer was addressed. It was found that spreading the fins (large angles between the fins) could improve the cooling performance of the heatsink without increasing its weight. Moreover, the nanoparticles could reduce the thermal energy storage capacity of the heatsink since they do not contribute to heat transfer. In addition, since the nanoparticles generally increase the surface heat transfer, they could be beneficial only with 1.0% wt in the middle stages of the melting heat transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The flow of air containing small particles past a pointed area of an aircraft, bullet and bonnet of vehicles exhibits the flow over paraboloid surface of revolution. Therefore, the study of Al2O3-H2O nanofluid over upper paraboloid horizontal surface of revolution (UPHSR) is organized. The concerned model develops via thermal conductivity dealing with the particles shape factor and similarity transforms. Afterward, numerical analysis is performed and the influences of pertinent parameters on the velocity and temperature (η) in Al2O3-H2O are examined. The deep inspection of the results in the view of physics behind them revealed that Al2O3-H2O drops for the stringer magnetic field. Further, nonlinear thermal radiations and internal heat generation made Al2O3-H2O a better heat conductor which increased its applications in a broad zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we have performed an investigation to increase our understanding of the motion of a hybrid nanofluid trapped inside a three-dimensional container. The room also includes a three-dimensional heated obstacle of an elliptic cross-section. The top wall of space is horizontally movable and adiabatic, while the lower part is zigzagged and thermally insulated as well. The lateral walls are cold. The container's space is completely replete with Al2O3-Cu/water; the concentration of nanoparticles is 4%. The space is also characterized by the permeability, which is given by the value of the Darcy number (limited between 10−5 and 10−2). This studied system is immersed in a magnetic field with an intensity is defined in terms of Hartmann number (limited between 0 and 100). The thermal buoyancy has a constant impact (Gr = 1000). This study investigates the influences of these parameters and the inclination angle of the obstacle on the heat transfer coefficient and entropy generation. The Galerkin finite element method (GFEM) was the principal technique for obtaining the solution of the main partial equations. Findings from our work may be exploited to depict the conditions for which the system is effective in thermal cooling and the case in which the system is effective in thermal insulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermophoresis represents one of the most common methods of directing micromachines. Enhancement of heat transfer rates are of economic interest for micromachine operation. This study aims to examine the heat transfer enhancement within the shell and tube latent heat thermal storage system (LHTSS) using PCMs (Phase Change Materials). The enthalpy–porosity approach is applied to formulate the melting situation and various shapes of inner heated fins are considered. The solution methodology is based on the Galerkin finite element analyses and wide ranges of the nanoparticle volume fraction are assumed, i.e., (0% ≤ φ ≤ 6%). The system entropy and the optimization of irreversibility are analyzed using the second law of the thermodynamics. The key outcomes revealed that the flow features, hexagonal entropy, and melting rate might be adjusted by varying the number of heated fins. Additionally, in case 4 where eight heated fins are considered, the highest results for the average liquid percentage are obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a numerical simulation of a magneto-convection flow in a 3D chamber. The room has a very specific permeability and a zigzag bottom wall. The fluid used in this study is Al2O3-Cu/water with 4% nanoparticles. The Galerkin finite element technique (GFEM) was developed to solve the main partial equations. The hybrid nanofluid inside the container is subjected to the horizontal motion of the upper wall, an external magnetic field, and a thermal buoyancy force. The present numerical methodology is validated by previous data. The goal of this investigation was to understand and determine the percentage of heat energy transferred between the nanofluid and the bottom wall of the container under the influence of a set of criteria, namely: the movement speed of the upper wall of the cavity (Re = 1 to 500), the amount of permeability (Da = 10−5 to 10−2), the intensity of the external magnetic field (Ha = 0 to 100), the number of zigzags of the lower wall (N = 1 to 4), and the value of thermal buoyancy when the force is constant (Gr = 1000). The contours of the total entropy generation, isotherm, and streamline are represented in order to explain the fluid motion and thermal pattern. It was found that the heat transfer is significant when (N = 4), where the natural convection is dominant and (N = 2), and the forced convection is predominant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this study is to use the fast algorithm to solve the Rayleigh–Stokes problem for heated generalized second-grade fluid (RSP-HGSGF) with Riemann–Liouville time fractional derivative using the fast algorithm. The modified implicit scheme, which is formulated by the Riemann–Liouville integral formula and applied to the fractional RSP-HGSGF, is proposed. Numerical experiments will be carried out to demonstrate that the scheme is simple to implement, and the results will reveal the best way to implement the suggested technique. The proposed scheme's stability and convergence will be examined using the Fourier series. The method is stable, and the approximation solution approaches the exact solution. A numerical demonstration will be provided to demonstrate the applicability and viability of the suggested strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To date, when considering the dynamics of water conveying multi-walled carbon nanoparticles (MWCNT) through a vertical Cleveland Z-staggered cavity where entropy generation plays a significant role, nothing is known about the increasing Reynold number, Hartmann number, and Darcy number when constant conduction occurs at both sides, but at different temperatures. The system-governing equations were solved using suitable models and the Galerkin Finite Element Method (GFEM). Based on the outcome of the simulation, it is worth noting that increasing the Reynold number causes the inertial force to be enhanced. The velocity of incompressible Darcy-Forchheimer flow at the middle vertical Cleveland Z-staggered cavity declines with a higher Reynold number. Enhancement in the Hartman number causes the velocity at the center of the vertical Cleveland Z-staggered cavity to be reduced due to the associated Lorentz force, which is absent when Ha = 0 and highly significant when Ha = 30. As the Reynold number grows, the Bejan number declines at various levels of the Hartmann number, but increases at multiple levels of the Darcy number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanofluids have become important working fluids for many engineering applications as they have better thermal properties than traditional liquids. Thus, this paper addresses heat transfer rates and entropy generation for a Fe3O4/MWCNT-water hybrid nanoliquid inside a three-dimensional triangular porous cavity with a rotating cylinder. The studied cavity is heated by a hot wavy wall at the bottom and subjected to a magnetic field. This problem is solved numerically using the Galerkin finite element method (GFEM). The influential parameters considered are the rotating cylinder speed, Hartmann number (Ha), Darcy number (Da), and undulation number of the wavy wall. The results showed that higher Da and lower Ha values improved the heat transfer rates in the cavity, which was demonstrated by a higher Nusselt number and flow fluidity. The entropy generation due to heat losses was also minimized for the enhanced heat transfer rates. The decrease in Ha from 100 and 0 improved the heat transfer by about 8%, whereas a high rotational speed and high Da values yield optimal results. For example, for Ω = 1000 rad/s and Da = 10−2, the enhancement in the average Nusselt number is about 38% and the drop in the Bejan number is 65% compared to the case of Ω = 0 rad/s and Da = 10−5. Based on the applied conditions, it is recommended to have a high Da, low Ha, one undulation for the wavy wall, and high rotational speed for the cylinder in the flow direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous methods have been introduced in the literature for numerical solution of two-dimensional hyperbolic telegraph equations. Improved techniques using explicit group methods derived from the standard and skewed (rotated) finite difference operators have been developed over the last few years in solving the linear systems that arise from the discretization of the several types of partial differential equations. The preconditioning strategies play a vital role in accelerating the convergence rates of these group iterative methods. In this paper, we present a preliminary study of the formulation of new preconditioned scheme based on explicit group relaxation methods for the difference solution of the telegraph equations. The efficient and robustness of these new formulations over the existing explicit group schemes demonstrated through numerical experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many researchers are working on the explicit group methods as the alternative methods for solving several boundary value problems. These methods have been shown to be much faster than the other point iterative methods in solving the elliptic partial differential equations (EPDEs), which is due to the formers' overall lower computational complexities. This paper is concerned with the application of a suitable Explicit Group (EG) iterative method for solving EPDEs. This study will compare several iterative methods such that S5-point-SOR,4 Point-EGSOR, 5S-point-AOR, and 4 Point-EGAOR. Numerical experiments were carried out to confirm our results by using MATLAB software. The results reveal that 4 Point-EGAOR is the most superior method among these methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of a specific splitting-type preconditioner in block formulation applied to a class of group relaxation iterative methods derived from the centred and rotated skewed finite difference approximations has been shown to improve the convergence rates of these methods. In this paper, we present some theoretical convergence analysis on this preconditioner specifically applied to the linear systems resulted from these group iterative schemes in solving an elliptic boundary value problem. We will theoretically show the relationship between the spectral radiuses of the iteration matrices of the preconditioned methods which affects the rate of convergence of these methods. We will also show that the spectral radius of the preconditioned matrices is smaller than that of their unpreconditioned counterparts if the relaxation parameter is in a certain optimum range. Numerical experiments will also be presented to confirm the agreement between the theoretical and the experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The present analysis aims to compute the non-similar solution of a chemically reactive Prandtl nanofluid across an elongated surface in a permeable medium, with a uniform magnetic field applied perpendicular to the surface. The Buongiorno model is used to study the random motion and thermophoresis of the nanoliquid by considering factors such as viscous dissipation, Joule heating, and multiple slips. By using appropriate transformations and a non-similarity approach, the governing flow equations are scaled down to the second level and numerically analyzed using the MATLAB bvp4c algorithm. The profound effects of the dimensionless parameters are illustrated graphically for the velocity, temperature, and solutal profiles. The impact of drag force, thermal, and solutal transmission at the interface of the deformable sheet are inspected in tabulated form. The results of this study revealed that higher Prandtl and elastic parameters lead to an increase in fluid velocity but a rise in thermal slip parameter results in the opposite behavior. An increase in Hartmann number and porosity parameters upsurges drag force, whereas an increase in the slip parameter reduces it. The research is validated by comparing it to previous studies, and a strong correlation is observed. It is examined that the percentage (%) error with both comparative papers is between −0.0017181 and 0.0006.377 which is almost negligible. Thus, confirming the reliability and precision of the formulated problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The current research investigates the influence of the nanolayer on nanofluid flows comprising carbon nanomaterials (CNM). Two nanofluid combinations of single-wall and multi-wall carbon nanotubes submerged in water are analyzed numerically. Two-dimensional nanofluid flows over a heated wedge with uniform heat generation/absorption and viscous dissipation are assumed. The envisaged model is supported by the slip and convective constraints at the boundary of the wedge. The problem is theoretically treated as a partial differential structure with appropriate thermophysical property structures using boundary layer theory. Empirical relationships are used to illustrate the fundamental characteristics of capitalized induced carbon nanoparticles and base fluid. Dimensionless ordinary differential expressions are attained by using an enforced transformation technique. The notion of the nano-layer is also introduced in this analysis. The significance of the physical parameters on the CNM thermal and velocity distributions, Nusselt number, and skin friction coefficient, are studied and interpreted using graphical and tabular results. The effects of nanolayer thickness and particle radius on temperature profile are specifically considered. It is witnessed that the thermal conductivity (TC) of the nanofluid shows opposing behavior for nanolayer thickness and nanoparticle radius. It is also observed that the liquid velocity is on the decline for the slip and magnetic field effects. This study also includes the endorsement of the fluid model. Certainly, new approaches for CNM can be extremely beneficial in a variety of industries where the cooling process is vital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]