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Soybean is scientifically known as Glycine max. It belongs to the Fabaceae family. It consists of a lot of bioactive phytochemicals like saponin, phenolic acid, flavonoid, sphingolipids and phytosterols. It also owns excellent immune‐active effects in the physiological system. Soy and its phytochemicals have been found to have pharmacological properties that include anticancer, antioxidant, anti‐hypercholesterolaemic, anti‐diabetic, oestrogenic, anti‐hyperlipidaemic, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐obesity, anti‐hypertensive, anti‐mutagenic, immunomodulatory, anti‐osteoporotic, antiviral, hepatoprotective, antimicrobial, goitrogenic anti‐skin ageing, wound healing, neuroprotective and anti‐photoageing activities. Present study has been designed to set standard pharmacognostical extraction method, complexation of compounds, qualitative evaluation through phytochemical screening, identification by TLC, physicochemical properties, solubility profile, total phenolic, flavonoid content as well as analytical evaluation or characterisation like UV and FT‐IR of methanolic extract of G. max. The final observations like physicochemical properties such as total ash value, LOD and pH were recorded. Phytochemical screenings show the presence of flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, carbohydrate, tannins, protein, gums and mucilage, fixed oils and fats. The results were found significant. Further in silico studies proved creatinine and euparin to be potent wound healing agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The management of potassium (K) necessitates the understanding of K dynamics and assessment of crop-available K reserves. Non-exchangeable K (NeK) could have a substantial impact on plant nutrition, therefore, non-exchangeable potassium release and supplying power of soils from four different soil orders of Haryana, Northwest India was examined. After successive cropping with maize and oats, initial exchangeable K contents of 0.38, 0.22, 0.25 and 0.09 cmol(p+) kg−1 declined by 23.37%, 27.28%, 29.41% and 27.77% in Alfisols, Inceptisols, Entisols and Aridisols, respectively. The release of non-exchangeable K to plant roots in screen house was compared with K release to nitric, citric and oxalic acids in the laboratory to assess the feasibility of these acids for non-exchangeable K extraction. The amount of K released was quantified as cumulative uptake by maize and oats. Non-exchangeable K released to plant roots (r = 0.94; p ≤ 0.01) and oxalic acid (r = 0.63; p ≤ 0.05) were significantly correlated with cumulative K uptake. The initial level of exchangeable K (Ex-K) and cumulative K uptake by maize and oats exhibited strong and significant correlation (r = 0.85; p ≤ 0.05) signifying that K removal by crops results in the equilibrium among different K pools. The strongly significant relationship between non-exchangeable K released to oxalic acid and plant roots (r = 0.92; p ≤ 0.01) affirms the reliability of laboratory methods vis-à-vis K release studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An outbreak of a respiratory sickness started in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and the causative agent was found be a novel betacoronovirus of the same subgenus as SARSCoV and named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) quickly spread around the world, with clinical signs ranging from mild respiratory symptoms to severe pneumonia and a fatality rate estimated around 2%. Lower respiratory tract infections can occur in immunocompromised subjects and the elderly persons. Respiratory droplets are the causative agent for the person-to-person spread of the disease resembling the spread of influenza. Individual to individual spread turned into the primary mode of transmission. The transmission of the disease might be more likely in the earlier stage of infection as the viral RNA levels appear to be higher. Accurate diagnosis in the early stages of the epidemic helps control the spread of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Potassium (K) is essential for plant growth and vital for soil health. However, despite high crop demand, K fertilization continues to be ignored or severely inadequate in Indian agriculture. Over time, this could lead to severe depletion of soil K reserve, irreversibly alter K-bearing minerals, and adversely affect soil fertility and crop productivity. Hence, we should comprehensively assess the alarming situation of soil K mining in India and come up with appropriate solutions. Keeping the above in mind, here we review the soil K pools concerning plant availability, their contents in major soil orders of India, reasons and status of soil K mining under major crops and cropping systems in India, and the impact of long-term K mining on soil K pools and clay minerals. We also address various aspects of sustainable K management in agriculture and suggest future action courses focusing on India. Our main findings are: (i) farmers in India mainly apply nitrogen and phosphorus, but little or no K; consequently, (ii) net K balance continues to be negative for most crops and cropping systems across India (e.g., - 3.29 million tonnes [Mt] in 2000–01, - 7.2 Mt in 2015–16); (iii) long-term K mining primarily depletes the exchangeable and non-exchangeable K pools in soil, and alters clay minerals to various extents; and (iv) the existing K fertilizer recommendations need an upward revision. We further enlist indigenous non-conventional alternatives of K fertilizers to meet the agricultural K demand. This is the first comprehensive review to simultaneously address the ongoing soil K mining in India, its impact, and its potential mitigation strategies. The points raised here would help reduce soil K mining, plan research work, and make policy decisions on K fertilization and residue management with the ultimate goal to prevent soil health deterioration and ensure sustainable crop production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to extract maximum power from a Photovoltaic (PV) panel different Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithms have been developed, among which Perturb and Observe (P&O) MPPT algorithm is widely used. The P&O algorithm can be executed either by direct duty ratio or by voltage reference control. Both have drawbacks in tracking time and oscillation around MPP. In the latter case, the reference voltage generated by the algorithm is fed to a controller (PI/PID) to generate the corresponding duty ratio. The gains of PID controller are calculated under the standard test conditions (STC) (1000 W/m2, 25°C) of PV panel and the same values are used for other operating conditions too, which does not provide satisfactory performance under varying operating conditions. In this paper, an adaptive method is proposed to calculate the controller gains for different operating conditions without using any additional sensors. The proposed method establishes a linear relation between the PID gains calculated for the STC and those for other operating conditions, and this relation adaptively changes the PID gains for different operating conditions. It is observed from the simulations and experimental results that the proposed adaptive method precisely tracks the maximum power and optimizes the perturbation characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of 4-[4-(substitutedaryl/heteroaryldiazenyl]-N-(5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)benzene sulphonamide derivatives (4a-4f) were designed and synthesized coupling a mixture of diazotized sulfamethoxazole with six different phenolic and enolic compounds in an in situ reaction. The structural environment of synthesis of each molecule was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance and elemental analysis. These derivatives were further screened in various biological assays in vivo for analgesic and antiinflammatory activities and in vitro for antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. When tested for analgesic activity at a dose of 50 mg/kg, compounds 4-((2-hydroxynaphthalen- 1-yl)diazenyl)-N-(5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)benzene sulphonamide (4d) and 4-((4-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-2- methylphenyl)diazenyl)-N-(5-methylisoxazol-3- yl)benzene sulphonamide (4f) showed 58.33 and 57.76 % of pain inhibition, respectively. These two molecules also exhibited significant antioxidant activity at 10 and 50 µg/µl. The compound 4-[(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)diazenyl]-N-(5-methylisoxazol- 3-yl)benzene sulphonamide (4a) exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus resistance, Candida albicans and DescriptionCryptococcus neoformans at a concentration of 31.25 µg/ml. The analgesic action of these synthesised analogues was predicted in molecular docking experiments with a specific target protein, cyclooxgenase-2 of Mus musculus and results indicated all tested compounds to exhibit good binding interaction with the active site amino acid of the target enzyme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present research study, 3-heteroarylazo 4-hydroxy coumarin derivatives were synthesized and evaluated in vitro for their preliminary antibacterial activities against four different pathogenic bacterial strains such as Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli , Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Antibacterial activity of each compound was compared with standard drug, Ampicillin. The compounds were interpreted by UV, IR, 1 H NMR, mass spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction studies. Solvatochromic behaviour of these compounds was also investigated by UV–vis spectra. Zone of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentration revealed that all the products exhibited greater antibacterial potential against all bacterial strains except 4g.3-Thiazolylazo and 3-(4-phenyl thiazolylazo) of 4-hydroxy coumarin, which have been exhibiting good zone of inhibition against both gram +ve strains and gram −ve strains, where as the compound pyrazolone azo analogue 4e has tremendous antibacterial activity. Finally we concluded that the compounds having thiazole, pyrazole and triazole nucleus in individual molecular structure clubbed with potent antibacterial pharmacophore of 4-hydroxy coumain showed antibacterial activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chest radiograph showed a rounded opacity in the left lung with a slight increase in size over three years [Figure 2]A and [Figure 2]B. Physical examination revealed central cyanosis and grade-3 clubbing [Figure 1]. After the injection of agitated saline, there was transfer of contrast bubbles from right heart chambers to the left heart after three cardiac cycles [Figure 3]B and [Figure 3]C. [Extracted from the article]