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Abstract Background A major worldwide health issue is the rising frequency of resistance of bacteria.Drug combinations are a winning strategy in fighting resistant bacteria and might help in protecting the existing drugs.Monolaurin is natural compound extracted from coconut oil and has a promising antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus.aureus. This study aims to examine the efficacy of monolaurin both individually and in combination with β-lactam antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Methods Agar dilution method was used for determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of monolaurin against S.aureus isolates. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to detect morphological changes in S.aureus after treatment with monolaurin. Conventional and Real-time Polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were performed to detect of beta-lactamase (blaZ) gene and its expressional levels after monolaurin treatment. Combination therapy of monolaurin and antibiotics was assessed through fractional inhibitory concentration and time-kill method. Results The antibacterial activity of monolaurin was assessed on 115 S.aureus isolates, the MIC of monolaurin were 250 to 2000 µg/ml. SEM showed cell elongation and swelling in the outer membrane of S.aureus in the prescence of 1xMIC of monolaurin. blaZ gene was found in 73.9% of S.aureus isolates. RT-PCR shows a significant decrease in of blaZ gene expression at 250 and 500 µg/ml of monolaurin. Synergistic effects were detected through FIC method and time killing curve. Combination therapy established a significant reduction on the MIC value. The collective findings from the antibiotic combinations with monolaurin indicated synergism rates ranging from 83.3% to 100%.In time-kill studies, combination of monolaurin and β-lactam antibiotics produced a synergistic effect. Conclusion This study showed that monolaurin may be a natural antibacterial agent against S. aureus, and may be an outstanding modulator of β-lactam drugs. The concurrent application of monolaurin and β-lactam antibiotics, exhibiting synergistic effects against S. aureus in vitro, holds promise as potential candidates for the development of combination therapies that target particularly, patients with bacterial infections that are nearly incurable.

In this study, for the first time a magnetically recoverable zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) / graphite carbon nitride (g-C3N4)/ cooper ferrite (CuFe2O4) nanocomposite was prepared through a fast and simple wet impregnation procedure. The magnetic behavior of the ZIF-8/g-C3N4/CuFe2O4 heterostructure was used for the easy recovery of the nanocomposite by an external magnet. After studying the structural, crystallinity, magnetic, and photophysical properties of the as-syntesized sample, its application was investigated for the enhanced photodegradation of tetracycline under visible light illumination. The band gap energies for ZIF-8, g-C3N4, and CuFe2O4 were obtained 5.1 eV, 2.8 eV, and 1.3 eV, respectively. After combination of ZIF-8, g-C3N4, and CuFe2O4, the band gap energy was obtained to 2.4 eV, which indicate the improvement of photocatalytic activity of ZIF-8/g-C3N4/CuFe2O4 nanocomposite. Among the as-synthesized photocatalyst samples, the ZIF-8/g-C3N4/CuFe2O4 showed an excellent photocatalytic activity (99.15 %) for degradation of tetracycline within 65 min irradiation of visible light, solution pH of 5 and photocatalyst dosage of 0.75 g/L. The rate constant of the ZIF-8/g-C3N4/CuFe2O4 is almost 13.1, 9.9, and 15.6 times higher than that of ZIF-8, g-C3N4, and CuFe2O4, respectively. The ZIF-8/g-C3N4/CuFe2O4 heterojunction showed the effective degradation activity for four consecutive cycles, which exhibited its excellent reusability and stability. Moreover, the free radical quenching tests confirmed that holes, and hydroxyl radicals were the main reaction species for degradation of tetracycline. Altogether the preparation of novel ZIF-8/g-C3N4/CuFe2O4 provides an promise avenue for the development of high potential magtenticaly photocatalytic systems for sustainable tetracycline production with remarkable efficiencies.

Heavy metals can cause serious environmental and human health problems, and their removal from wastewater is critical to protect our planet and communities. This study investigated the ability of crushed pomegranate peel to remove mercury and cadmium ions from contaminated water as a function of different experimental parameters. The experimental results showed that the pH of the solution influenced the adsorptive removal of heavy metals, with the best performance observed at pH 4.8. Optimization studies and process balance modeling were performed to optimize the process for commercial use. The performance of pomegranate peel was compared with that of other materials, and the highest adsorption capacities for both cadmium (Ca (II)) and mercury (Hg (II)) ions were observed to be 89.59 and 42.125 mg/g, respectively. The results were interpreted using the Langmuir model, which provided the best fit to describe the behavior of the process.

In the past few decades, the removal of organic solvents from different substances, especially through the use of nanostructured materials, has been crucial in various industries, including improvement of innovative and adaptable nano adsorbents. Computational approaches are widely recognized as powerful tools for searching molecular systems at atomic level and investigating the characteristics of their interactions. This study utilized the dispersion-corrected DFT approach to gain a detailed comprehension of how CH2O molecules interact with both Pd-doped and pristine ZnO nanotubes (ZnONTs) during the adsorption process. The aim was to achieve a comprehensive comprehension of the adsorption behavior. To accomplish this, an extensive examination of the active sites and optimized geometrical characteristics of interacting systems was conducted. To assess adsorption capacity of Pd-ZnO nanotube and pristine ZnO nanotube for CH2O, binding characteristics of the interacting species have been assessed. This evaluation included analyzing the interaction energy (Eint), charge transfer, electronic properties, and ELF analysis. Moreover, Pd-doping greatly enhances the adsorption strength of ZnONTs, thereby imparting them with superior capability for CH2O adsorption. The significant adsorption strength of CH2O by the sensor under consideration raises the prospect of utilizing these nanotubes as highly effective sensor materials for CH2O detection, which is a matter of great interest. The results of our study provide a foundation for designing innovative and energy-efficient nanosensors that can serve as cost-effective solutions for detecting contaminants in wastewater.

Background. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the major pathogens associated with life-threatening infections, showing resistance to various antibiotics. This study aimed to assess the influence of monolaurin on biofilm-forming MRSA. Methods. The agar dilution method determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of monolaurin against MRSA isolates and explored its impact on the resistance profile of selected antibiotics. The assessment of combined therapy involving monolaurin and antibiotics was conducted using fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC). The tissue culture plate strategy appraised monolaurin’s antibiofilm activity and its inhibitory concentration (IC50), with assessment via scanning electron microscopy. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) discerned a monolaurin effect on the expression of the icaD gene. Results. Monolaurin exhibited MIC values ranging from 500 to 2000 μg/mL. FIC index showed a synergistic effect of monolaurin with β-lactam antibiotics ranging from 0.0039 to 0.25 (p

Nano-pump is a breakthrough that allows a tiny pump to transfer mass inside the atomic channels. These nanostructures can be used in various applications, such as drug delivery systems in clinical cases. Carbon nanotube (CNT) performance as a nano-pump sample was introduced here. For this purpose, Molecular Dynamics (MD) approach, and external heat flux/electric field effect on nano-pump performance were reported. Hence, various physical parameters, such as nano-pumping time, potential/kinetic energy, stress and entropy were reported to describe the nano-pumping performance of CNT samples. Technically, nano-pumping performance was detected by fullerene (C20) molecule displacement inside the NT. The MD outputs indicated by the heat flux implemented inside CNT, nano-pumping process effectively occur. The results show that by increasing the heat flux amplitude ratio from 0.1 to 0.5 W/m2, the displacement time of C20 molecule decreased from 7.49 to 6.96 ps. By amplitude enlarging, the kinetic energy of defined sample converged to 5.70014 eV. This procedure caused more atomic collisions inside the NT, and the nano-pumping process occurred in a smaller time. Furthermore, the electric field caused the nano-pumping process to be delayed in modeled systems. Numerically, by increasing the electric field, the nano-pumping process occurred after 7.85 ps. Increasing the electric field decreased the mechanical wave produced via Cu tip oscillation. This evolution caused the atomic force, and stress on the target particle converged to a lesser value, and the lattice stress value of modeled sample reached 2.12662 × 106 bar.

Background and objective: Hypertension is a growing public health problem worldwide; hypertensive patients experience negative emotions, which in particular may increase the risk for mental health instabilities. The objective of the study was to find out the prevalence of anxiety and depression among hypertensive patients. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in a clinic from May 1st to October 1st, 2021 in the city of Erbil, Kurdistan Region of Iraq, among 286 hypertensive patients, for assessing the level of association of hypertension with depression and anxiety. Results: A total of 286 participants were included, the mean age was 61.2 ± 12 years, and the age range was 33 to 88 years. More than half (57.3%) of the patients were females, 55.9% of patients had a form of Ischemic Heart Disease (including stable and unstable angina, obstructive and non-obstructive coronary artery disease) and 39.9% of them were diabetic. It was found that depression was higher among females (26.3%) than male patients (18%) (P = 0.002). Anxiety was more prevalent among females (24.4%), while only 8.2% of male hypertensive cases had anxiety (P = 0.001). Conclusion: A considerable proportion of the hypertensive patients had depression and anxiety. The rate was higher among women than men.

The topic of context is one of the important topics, which was mentioned as a concept in several fields and different fields, and there were many points of view that defined that concept. He specified the title of the research (design contexts in the design of the interior space), as the research sought to identify the concept of context in the interior design of the spaces of sewing workshops. The research was divided into four chapters: The first chapter, which consists of the methodological framework, the problem of research and the need for it, the importance of research, the goal and limits of research for sewing workshops for vocational schools from (2020-2021). The second chapter: consists of previous studies and the theoretical framework of two topics: The first topic: the concept of context in interior design. The second topic: spaces for sewing workshops. The third chapter: It consists of research procedures, and it is the research community. The descriptive approach was adopted in the sample analysis, which is considered one of the important research methods, in order to study phenomena, improve them, and solve problems. It diagnoses the phenomenon accurately to analyze the information and being the most appropriate with the direction of the research. At the end of the chapter, several results were produced according to the analysis form and the indicators of the theoretical framework. The fourth chapter: includes the results, conclusions, recommendations and proposals reached from this research, the most important of which are: 1- A context is one of the main foundations for achieving meaning through simultaneous and sequential elements. 2- Poor proportionality in the scale of the space led to poor perception and assimilation of the components of the internal space

Background: A review of many kinds of literature has suggested the theory of infections to are a risk for atherosclerosis of the coronaries, many of medical researchers reported that Helicobacter pylori pathogenesis extends beyond the gastrointestinal system to be a risk factor for inflammatory-induced atherosclerosis including that of the coronary vessels. Objective: To detect a relationship between the seropositivity of Helicobacter pylori bacteria in the blood with the severity of coronary artery atherosclerosis. Patients and Methods: A total of 125 patients were taken in this study including both sex male and female with different age groups all of them admitted to cardiac center hospital in Erbil City in Iraq. Patients were suspected to have coronary artery atherosclerosis based on symptoms and primary cardiac diagnostic tools, Angiography was performed to confirm or exclude coronary artery lesions by catheterization in the cath lab of the hospital. Blood samples were taken from patients including the patients’ group and control group and a C-reactive protein (CRP) test with Helicobacter pylori IgG antibody test was done for them by using an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELIZA) apparatus. Coronary angiography Confirmed the presence of atherosclerosis and the severity of it according to the number of vessels and the degree of luminal stenosis. Results: The results show that the most of patients with atherosclerosis (83.5%) a high level of C-reactive protein. Also, a positive significant correlation was detected between the Helicobacter pylori concentration and the number of narrowed vessels based on the results of this study Helicobacter pylori. Conclusion: According to the results Helicobacter pylori has a significant risk predictor for the severity of coronary atherosclerosis. However, evidence on this fact is not sufficient which further studies are needed.

Background: Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is idiopathic cardiomyopathy that presents during the last trimester or the first several months after delivery and it is a serious complication of pregnancy. Objectives: The aim was to assess the most common risk factors seen among pregnant women leading to PPCM and factors that are associated with better outcomes after therapy. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 patients who presented to the outpatient cardiology clinic and fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of the European Society of Cardiology were recruited to participate in the study. A detailed history was obtained and left ventricular measurements were evaluated using M-mode, 2-dimentional, and Simpson methods to estimate the ejection fraction. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Results: Mean age at diagnosis was 34.7 ± 5.2 years. Multiparous women constituted 60% of the study sample. Gestational age at presentation ranged between 28 and 38 weeks, with a mean of 32.9 ± 2.6. Being overweight was a common feature as 60% of patients had above-normal body mass index. Family history was reported in 50% of patients, followed by passive smoking (35%), hypertension (25%), thyroid disorders (30%), and type II diabetes mellitus (20%). The mean left ventricular ejection fraction at the time of diagnosis was 32.3% ± 6.7% with an increase to 44.2% ± 8.9% at follow-up. Younger patients were more likely to regain normal left ventricular function following diagnosis (P = 0.005). Conclusion: These preliminary results strongly demonstrate that advanced maternal age, anemia, multiparity, and family history were the most common risk factors seen among our population.

Eighteen novel functionalized phenyl acetate derivatives of benzo[e]-bispyrone fused hybrids and their three precursors are developed in this study. The precursor acetic acid congeners of benzo[e]-bispyrone fused hybrids (Y1, Y8, and Y15) were created by combining acetone dicarboxylic acid and three resorcinol-based compounds. They were utilized in the preparation of novel functionalized phenyl acetate derivatives of benzo[e]-bispyrone fused hybrids (Y2-Y7, Y9-Y14, and Y16-Y21). Six in vitro biological activities were investigated for the synthesized precursors and their functionalized phenyl acetate derivatives. First, the reactive species-caging activity was tested against DPPH and hydroxyl radicals. Second, the cellular viability-terminating activity was assayed using MTT-visual probing methodology against six common cancerous cell lines. Third, fourth, and fifth activities, collectively termed microbial-shedding potential, were examined using a microdilution broth methodology against six aerobic pathogenic bacterial strains, four anaerobic pathogenic bacterial strains, and two pathogenic fungal strains, respectively. Finally, the blood sugar-dropping activity was assessed against two related enzymes. Moreover, the toxic effects of the twenty-one synthesized compounds were assessed against one normal human cell line and one non-pathogenic bacterial strain. The results showed that the fused hybrids' methoxyphenyl acetate derivatives (Y2, Y9, and Y16) had the greatest reactive species-caging, anaerobic pathogenic bacterial-shooting, and blood sugar-dropping activities. In terms of cellular viability-terminating activity, the fluorophenyl acetate derivatives (Y4, Y11, and Y18) demonstrated the greatest activity against the tested cancerous cell lines while causing the least toxicity to the normal cell line. Chlorophenyl acetate derivatives had the highest aerobic pathogen-shedding activity while causing the least toxicity on normal bacterial strains (Y5, Y12, and Y19). Finally, the precursors and derivatives with flourophenyl or chlorophenyl acetate demonstrated the highest levels of fungal-shooting activity, exceeding the reference. The researchers concluded from these observations that the synthesized precursors and their derivatives provided several biosafe scaffolds with multiple and selective activities.

The World Health Organization (WHO) acknowledges that the absence of a common definition of the private health sector may hinder a comprehensive understanding of its ubiquity. (1) Physicians, nurses, pharmacists, [...]

Pancreatic cancer remains a significant health issue with limited treatment options. The tumor stroma, a complex environment made up of different cells and proteins, plays a crucial role in tumor growth and chemoresistance. Targeting tumor stroma, consisting of diverse non-tumor cells such as fibroblasts, extracellular matrix (ECM), immune cells, and also pre-vascular cells is encouraging for remodeling solid cancers, such as pancreatic cancer. Remodeling the stroma of pancreas tumors can be suggested as a strategy for reducing resistance to chemo/immunotherapy. Several studies have shown that phytochemicals from plants can affect the tumor environment and have anti-cancer properties. By targeting key pathways involved in stromal activation, phytochemicals may disrupt communication between the tumor and stroma and make tumor cells more sensitive to different treatments. Additionally, phytochemicals have immunomodulatory and anti-angiogenic properties, all of which contribute to their potential in treating pancreatic cancer. This review will provide a detailed look at how phytochemicals impact the tumor stroma and their effects on pancreatic tumor growth, spread, and response to treatment. It will also explore the potential of combining phytochemicals with other treatment options like chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of this research is to study the effect of changing the temperature at the same time on each of the prepared samples and during the gas sensing processes, the effects of substrate temperature Ts were investigated after precipitation by the microstructural and optical characteristics of cadmium sulfide using thermal spraying method with different temperatures of (300, 400, and 500) ℃. The structural investigations of these films were studied, showing that the increases in substrate temperature were shown cubic and hexagonal phases according to ICDD card no. (21-0929) and (43-0989). The dramatic change occurred at 500 ℃ in changing the phase from hexagonal to a cubic structure. XRD exhibits a dominant plane at (200) for different substrate temperatures. Optical transmittance, absorption coefficient, and energy gap values were calculated by UV/VIS spectrophotometer. These results showed that the band gap values decreased with increasing substrate temperature. The gas sensitivity was tested for NO2 gas at several working temperatures from 175 ℃ to 250 ℃, and various gas concentrations from 150 ppm to 200 ppm and found that the sensitivity increase with increasing both the operating temperature and gas concentration for a Ts at 500 ℃ which offer also the best crystallization the best sensitivity at an operating temperature of 175 ℃ is 75% at a gas concentration of 150 ppm.

هدف البحث الحالي إلى تعرف أثره برنامج تعليمي – تعلمي وفقًا لبعض استراتيجيات التعلم النشط في تحصيل طلاب الصف الأول المتوسط في مادة الرياضيات, لتحقيق ذلك الهدف أختار الباحث عينة من (49) طالب, المجموعة التجريبية (24) طالب والمجموعة الضابطة (25) طالب من طلاب الصف الأول المتوسط في متوسطة (الأندلس للبنين) للعام الدراسي 2020-2021م, وتم بناء اختباراً للتحصيل مكون من (38) فقرة, وتم التأكد من الخصائص السايكومترية للإختبار, وبعد معالجة البيانات إحصائياً باستعمال الإختبار التائي لعينتين مستقلتين, توصل البحث إلى : - تفوق طلاب المجموعة التجريبية الذين دُرِسوا على وفق البرنامج التعليمي – التعلمي على طلاب المجموعة الضابطة الذين دُرِسوا على وفق الطريقة الاعتيادية في اختبار التحصيل. بعد تفسير النتائج توصل الباحث إلى استنتاجات ووضع توصيات عدة وأقترح مقترحات صالحة للبحث والتجريب.

The public’s actions will likely have a significant effect on the course of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Human behavior is conditioned and shaped by information and people’s perceptions. This study investigated the impact of risk perception on trust in government and self-efficacy. It examined whether the use of social media helped people adopt preventive actions during the pandemic. To test this hypothesis, the researchers gathered data from 512 individuals (students and academics) based in Malaysia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results suggested that risk perception had a significant effect on trust in government and self-efficacy. Moreover, these correlations were stronger when social media was used as a source for gathering information on COVID-19. In some cases, it even helped users avoid exposure to the virus. This study assessed the relationship between risk perception and the awareness gained from using social media during the pandemic and highlighted how social media usage influences trust in government and self-efficacy.