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39 results on '"Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas"'

1. Spatial controls of methane uptake in upland soils across climatic and geological regions in Greenland

Author

Ludovica D’Imperio, Bing-Bing Li, James M. Tiedje, Youmi Oh, Jesper Riis Christiansen, Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas, Andreas Westergaard-Nielsen, Kristian Koefoed Brandt, Peter E. Holm, Peiyan Wang, Per Ambus, and Bo Elberling

Subjects
Geology, QE1-996.5, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

Abstract In the Arctic, the spatiotemporal variation of net methane uptake in upland soils depends on unresolved interactive controls between edaphic and microbial factors not yet included in current models, underpinning the uncertainty of upscaling the Arctic methane budget. Here we show that upland soils in Greenland are consistent methane sinks (−1.83 ± 0.19 nmol methane g−1 dw d−1) across a N-S (64–83 °N) pedoclimatic transect. We demonstrate that methane oxidizers abundance, soil pH, and available soil copper are important controls on the spatial variation in methane oxidation. We revised a soil biogeochemical model with a high-resolution land classification and meteorological data for Greenland and tested it against our methane uptake measurements. The model simulated well the magnitudes of observed methane uptake but not the spatial variation across all sites. This work provides novel insights into the controls of methane uptake, which are critical for the accuracy of methane budgets.

Published
2023
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2. Global patterns of vascular plant alpha diversity

Author

Francesco Maria Sabatini, Borja Jiménez-Alfaro, Ute Jandt, Milan Chytrý, Richard Field, Michael Kessler, Jonathan Lenoir, Franziska Schrodt, Susan K. Wiser, Mohammed A. S. Arfin Khan, Fabio Attorre, Luis Cayuela, Michele De Sanctis, Jürgen Dengler, Sylvia Haider, Mohamed Z. Hatim, Adrian Indreica, Florian Jansen, Aníbal Pauchard, Robert K. Peet, Petr Petřík, Valério D. Pillar, Brody Sandel, Marco Schmidt, Zhiyao Tang, Peter van Bodegom, Kiril Vassilev, Cyrille Violle, Esteban Alvarez-Davila, Priya Davidar, Jiri Dolezal, Bruno Hérault, Antonio Galán-de-Mera, Jorge Jiménez, Stephan Kambach, Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas, Holger Kreft, Felipe Lezama, Reynaldo Linares-Palomino, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Justin K. N’Dja, Oliver L. Phillips, Gonzalo Rivas-Torres, Petr Sklenář, Karina Speziale, Ben J. Strohbach, Rodolfo Vásquez Martínez, Hua-Feng Wang, Karsten Wesche, and Helge Bruelheide

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Global patterns of regional plant diversity are relatively well known, but whether they hold for local communities is debated. This study created multi-grain global maps of alpha diversity for vascular plants to provide a nuanced understanding of plant diversity hotspots and improve predictions of global change effects on biodiversity.

Published
2022
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3. Words apart: Standardizing forestry terms and definitions across European biodiversity studies

Author

Giovanni Trentanovi, Thomas Campagnaro, Tommaso Sitzia, Francesco Chianucci, Giorgio Vacchiano, Christian Ammer, Michał Ciach, Thomas A. Nagel, Miren del Río, Yoan Paillet, Silvana Munzi, Kris Vandekerkhove, Andrés Bravo-Oviedo, Andrea Cutini, Ettore D'Andrea, Pallieter De Smedt, Inken Doerfler, Dimitris Fotakis, Jacob Heilmann-Clausen, Jeňýk Hofmeister, Jan Hošek, Philippe Janssen, Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas, Nathalie Korboulewsky, Bence Kovács, Daniel Kozák, Thibault Lachat, Anders Mårell, Radim Matula, Martin Mikoláš, Björn Nordén, Péter Ódor, Marko Perović, Elisabeth Pötzelsberger, Peter Schall, Miroslav Svoboda, Flóra Tinya, Mariana Ujházyová, and Sabina Burrascano

Subjects
Forest management, Multi-taxon, Terminology, Silviculture, Data harmonization, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract

Forest biodiversity studies conducted across Europe use a multitude of forestry terms, often inconsistently. This hinders the comparability across studies and makes the assessment of the impacts of forest management on biodiversity highly context-dependent. Recent attempts to standardize forestry and stand description terminology mostly used a top-down approach that did not account for the perspectives and approaches of forest biodiversity experts. This work aims to establish common standards for silvicultural and vegetation definitions, creating a shared conceptual framework for a consistent study on the effects of forest management on biodiversity. We have identified both strengths and weaknesses of the silvicultural and vegetation information provided in forest biodiversity studies. While quantitative data on forest biomass and dominant tree species are frequently included, information on silvicultural activities and vegetation composition is often lacking, shallow, or based on broad and heterogeneous classifications. We discuss the existing classifications and their use in European forest biodiversity studies through a novel bottom-up and top-driven review process, and ultimately propose a common framework. This will enhance the comparability of forest biodiversity studies in Europe, and puts the basis for effective implementation and monitoring of sustainable forest management policies. The standards here proposed are potentially adaptable and applicable to other geographical areas and could be extended to other forest interventions.

Published
2023
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4. Effects of Climate and Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition on Early to Mid-Term Stage Litter Decomposition Across Biomes

Author

TaeOh Kwon, Hideaki Shibata, Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas, Inger K. Schmidt, Klaus S. Larsen, Claus Beier, Björn Berg, Kris Verheyen, Jean-Francois Lamarque, Frank Hagedorn, Nico Eisenhauer, Ika Djukic, TeaComposition Network, Inger Kappel Schmidt, Klaus Steenberg Larsen, Jean Francois Lamarque, Adriano Caliman, Alain Paquette, Alba Gutiérrez-Girón, Alessandro Petraglia, Algirdas Augustaitis, Amélie Saillard, Ana Carolina Ruiz-Fernández, Ana I. Sousa, Ana I. Lillebø, Anderson da Rocha Gripp, Andrea Lamprecht, Andreas Bohner, André-Jean Francez, Andrey Malyshev, Andrijana Andrić, Angela Stanisci, Anita Zolles, Anna Avila, Anna-Maria Virkkala, Anne Probst, Annie Ouin, Anzar A. Khuroo, Arne Verstraeten, Artur Stefanski, Aurora Gaxiola, Bart Muys, Beatriz Gozalo, Bernd Ahrends, Bo Yang, Brigitta Erschbamer, Carmen Eugenia Rodríguez Ortíz, Casper T. Christiansen, Céline Meredieu, Cendrine Mony, Charles Nock, Chiao-Ping Wang, Christel Baum, Christian Rixen, Christine Delire, Christophe Piscart, Christopher Andrews, Corinna Rebmann, Cristina Branquinho, Dick Jan, Dirk Wundram, Dušanka Vujanović, E. Carol Adair, Eduardo Ordóñez-Regil, Edward R. Crawford, Elena F. Tropina, Elisabeth Hornung, Elli Groner, Eric Lucot, Esperança Gacia, Esther Lévesque, Evanilde Benedito, Evgeny A. Davydov, Fábio Padilha Bolzan, Fernando T. Maestre, Florence Maunoury-Danger, Florian Kitz, Florian Hofhansl, Flurin Sutter, Francisco de Almeida Lobo, Franco Leadro Souza, Franz Zehetner, Fulgence Kouamé Koffi, Georg Wohlfahrt, Giacomo Certini, Gisele Daiane Pinha, Grizelle González, Guylaine Canut, Harald Pauli, Héctor A. Bahamonde, Heike Feldhaar, Heinke Jäger, Helena Cristina Serrano, Hélène Verheyden, Helge Bruelheide, Henning Meesenburg, Hermann Jungkunst, Hervé Jactel, Hiroko Kurokawa, Ian Yesilonis, Inara Melece, Inge van Halder, Inmaculada García Quirós, István Fekete, Ivika Ostonen, Jana Borovská, Javier Roales, Jawad Hasan Shoqeir, Jean-Christophe Lata, Jean-Luc Probst, Jeyanny Vijayanathan, Jiri Dolezal, Joan-Albert Sanchez-Cabeza, Joël Merlet, John Loehr, Jonathan von Oppen, Jörg Löffler, José Luis Benito Alonso, José-Gilberto Cardoso-Mohedano, Josep Peñuelas, Joseph C. Morina, Juan Darío Quinde, Juan J. Jiménez, Juha M. Alatalo, Julia Seeber, Julia Kemppinen, Jutta Stadler, Kaie Kriiska, Karel Van den Meersche, Karibu Fukuzawa, Katalin Szlavecz, Katalin Juhos, Katarína Gerhátová, Kate Lajtha, Katie Jennings, Katja Tielbörger, Kazuhiko Hoshizaki, Ken Green, Klaus Steinbauer, Laryssa Pazianoto, Laura Dienstbach, Laura Yahdjian, Laura J. Williams, Laurel Brigham, Lee Hanna, Liesbeth van den Brink, Lindsey Rustad, Lourdes Morillas, Luciana Silva Carneiro, Luciano Di Martino, Luis Villar, Luísa Alícida Fernandes Tavares, Madison Morley, Manuela Winkler, Marc Lebouvier, Marcello Tomaselli, Marcus Schaub, Maria Glushkova, Maria Guadalupe Almazan Torres, Marie-Anne de Graaff, Marie-Noëlle Pons, Marijn Bauters, Marina Mazón, Mark Frenzel, Markus Wagner, Markus Didion, Maroof Hamid, Marta Lopes, Martha Apple, Martin Weih, Matej Mojses, Matteo Gualmini, Matthew Vadeboncoeur, Michael Bierbaumer, Michael Danger, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Michal Růžek, Michel Isabellon, Michele Di Musciano, Michele Carbognani, Miglena Zhiyanski, Mihai Puşcaş, Milan Barna, Mioko Ataka, Miska Luoto, Mohammed H. Alsafaran, Nadia Barsoum, Naoko Tokuchi, Nathalie Korboulewsky, Nicolas Lecomte, Nina Filippova, Norbert Hölzel, Olga Ferlian, Oscar Romero, Osvaldo Pinto-Jr, Pablo Peri, Pavel Dan Turtureanu, Peter Haase, Peter Macreadie, Peter B. Reich, Petr Petřík, Philippe Choler, Pierre Marmonier, Quentin Ponette, Rafael Dettogni Guariento, Rafaella Canessa, Ralf Kiese, Rebecca Hewitt, Robert Weigel, Róbert Kanka, Roberto Cazzolla Gatti, Rodrigo Lemes Martins, Romà Ogaya, Romain Georges, Rosario G. Gavilán, Sally Wittlinger, Sara Puijalon, Satoshi Suzuki, Schädler Martin, Schmidt Anja, Sébastien Gogo, Silvio Schueler, Simon Drollinger, Simone Mereu, Sonja Wipf, Stacey Trevathan-Tackett, Stefan Stoll, Stefan Löfgren, Stefan Trogisch, Steffen Seitz, Stephan Glatzel, Susanna Venn, Sylvie Dousset, Taiki Mori, Takanori Sato, Takuo Hishi, Tatsuro Nakaji, Theurillat Jean-Paul, Thierry Camboulive, Thomas Spiegelberger, Thomas Scholten, Thomas J. Mozdzer, Till Kleinebecker, Tomáš Rusňák, Tshililo Ramaswiela, Tsutom Hiura, Tsutomu Enoki, Tudor-Mihai Ursu, Umberto Morra di Cella, Ute Hamer, Valentin Klaus, Valter Di Cecco, Vanessa Rego, Veronika Fontana, Veronika Piscová, Vincent Bretagnolle, Vincent Maire, Vinicius Farjalla, Vittoz Pascal, Wenjun Zhou, Wentao Luo, William Parker, Yasuhiro Utsumi, Yuji Kominami, Zsolt Kotroczó, and Zsolt Tóth

Subjects
tea bag, Green tea, Rooibos tea, litter decomposition, carbon turnover, nitrogen deposition, Forestry, SD1-669.5, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

Litter decomposition is a key process for carbon and nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems and is mainly controlled by environmental conditions, substrate quantity and quality as well as microbial community abundance and composition. In particular, the effects of climate and atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition on litter decomposition and its temporal dynamics are of significant importance, since their effects might change over the course of the decomposition process. Within the TeaComposition initiative, we incubated Green and Rooibos teas at 524 sites across nine biomes. We assessed how macroclimate and atmospheric inorganic N deposition under current and predicted scenarios (RCP 2.6, RCP 8.5) might affect litter mass loss measured after 3 and 12 months. Our study shows that the early to mid-term mass loss at the global scale was affected predominantly by litter quality (explaining 73% and 62% of the total variance after 3 and 12 months, respectively) followed by climate and N deposition. The effects of climate were not litter-specific and became increasingly significant as decomposition progressed, with MAP explaining 2% and MAT 4% of the variation after 12 months of incubation. The effect of N deposition was litter-specific, and significant only for 12-month decomposition of Rooibos tea at the global scale. However, in the temperate biome where atmospheric N deposition rates are relatively high, the 12-month mass loss of Green and Rooibos teas decreased significantly with increasing N deposition, explaining 9.5% and 1.1% of the variance, respectively. The expected changes in macroclimate and N deposition at the global scale by the end of this century are estimated to increase the 12-month mass loss of easily decomposable litter by 1.1–3.5% and of the more stable substrates by 3.8–10.6%, relative to current mass loss. In contrast, expected changes in atmospheric N deposition will decrease the mid-term mass loss of high-quality litter by 1.4–2.2% and that of low-quality litter by 0.9–1.5% in the temperate biome. Our results suggest that projected increases in N deposition may have the capacity to dampen the climate-driven increases in litter decomposition depending on the biome and decomposition stage of substrate.

Published
2021
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5. The TeaComposition Initiative: Unleashing the power of international collaboration to understand litter decomposition

Author

Ika Djukic, Carlos A. Guerra, Fernando T. Maestre, Frank Hagedorn, Alessandro Oggioni, Caterina Bergami, Barbara Magagna, TaeOh Kwon, Hideaki Shibata, Nico Eisenhauer, Guillaume Patoine, Michael Bierbaumer, Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas, Inger Kappel Schmidt, Klaus Steenberg Larsen, Claus Beier, Björn Berg, Kris Verheyen, Stacey M. Trevathan-Tackett, Peter I. Macreadie, and TeaComposition initiative

Subjects
Litter Carbon Turnover, Tea bag, Essential variable, Networking the Networks, Standard Observations, Microbiology, QR1-502, Zoology, QL1-991
Abstract

Collected harmonized data on global litter decomposition are of great relevance for scientists, policymakers, and for education of the next generation of researchers and environmental managers. Here we describe the TeaComposition initiative, a global and open research collaborative network to study organic matter decomposition in a standardized way allowing comparison of decomposition rate and carbon turnover across global and regional gradients of ecosystems, climate, soils etc. The TeaComposition initiative today involves 570 terrestrial and 300 aquatic ecosystems from nine biomes worldwide. Further, we describe how to get involved in the TeaComposition initiative by (a) implementing the standard protocol within your study site, (b) joining task forces in data analyses, syntheses and modelling efforts, (c) using collected data and samples for further analyses through joint projects, (d) using collected data for graduate seminars, and (e) strengthening synergies between biogeochemical research and a wide range of stakeholders. These collaborative efforts within/emerging from the TeaComposition initiative, thereby, will leverage our understanding on litter decomposition at the global scale and strengthen global collaborations essential for addressing grand scientific challenges in a rapidly changing world.

Published
2021
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6. Ecogeographic patterns in a mainland-island system in Northern Europe as inferred from the rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) on Læsø island

Author

Aslak K. HANSEN, Mathias J. JUSTESEN, Sebastian KEPFER-ROJAS, David B. BYRIEL, Jan PEDERSEN, and Alexey SOLODOVNIKOV

Subjects
coleoptera, staphylinidae, baltic, colonization, danish archipelago, denmark, dispersal, eco-faunistic, generalists-specialists, læsø, oceanic island, rove beetles, sweden, traits, Zoology, QL1-991
Abstract

Rove beetles (Staphylinidae) are used to explore the forces that shaped the terrestrial fauna on Læsø, a young ca. 3000 year old Danish oceanic island located in the Kattegat strait between mainland Denmark and Sweden. We compile a detailed list of species of rove beetles for Læsø (328 species) and the surrounding Danish and Swedish regions (altogether 1075 species), which includes a standardized inventory of their body sizes, and the habitat and microhabitat preference of each species. The composition of the fauna on Læsø and adjacent mainland regions points to North-Eastern Jutland as the main source of the rove beetles on Læsø. Although large beetles are more active and likely to disperse than small beetles, there is no bias towards large species on the island indicating that the sea separating Læsø from the mainland has not been a barrier for rove beetle dispersal. The statistical analysis of the habitat and microhabitat preferences of the species of the entire system studied has shown that Læsø, compared to the mainland areas, is distinctly more dominated by ecological generalists, especially by species adapted to ephemeral, temporary humid microhabitats. Presumably, the mosaic of mostly dry open habitats available on Læsø filters for species, that are able to populate these suboptimal habitats via patches of humid but ephemeral microhabitats. A comprehensive eco-faunistic dataset for the Staphylinidae compiled for this study is the first modern account of the rove beetle fauna on the Danish island of Læsø.

Published
2018
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7. Changes in Soil’s Chemical and Biochemical Properties Induced by Road Geometry in the Hyrcanian Temperate Forests

Author

Saeid Rahbarisisakht, Mohammad Hadi Moayeri, Elyas Hayati, Seyed Mohammad Moein Sadeghi, Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas, Mohammad Hadi Pahlavani, Inger Kappel Schmidt, and Stelian Alexandru Borz

Subjects
soil, biogeochemistry, enzyme, organic carbon, total nitrogen, forest road, Plant ecology, QK900-989
Abstract

Forest roads play an important role in providing access to forest resources. However, they can significantly impact the adjacent soil and vegetation. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of road geometry (RG) on the chemical and biochemical properties of adjacent soils to assist in environmentally friendly forest road planning in mountainous areas. Litter layer, canopy cover, soil organic carbon (SOC) stock, total nitrogen (TN), the activity of dehydrogenase (DHA), and urease (UA) enzymes at a 0–20 cm soil depth were measured by sampling at various distances from the road edge to 100 m into the forest interior. The measurements were done for three road geometries (RG), namely straight, curved, and bent roads, to ensure data heterogeneity and to reflect the main geometric features of the forest roads. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the effects of RG on the measured variables were statistically significant. Spearman’s correlation test clearly showed a strong positive correlation between environmental conditions, SOC, TN, DHA, and UA for given RGs. Based on piecewise linear regression analysis, the down slope direction of the straight and the inside direction of bent roads accounted for the lowest and highest ranges of ecological effects, respectively. The results of this study contribute to our understanding of the environmental effects brought about by road geometry, which can be important for forest road managers when applying the best management practices.

Published
2021
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8. Contrasting responses of multiple insect taxa to common heathland management regimes and old-growth successional stages

Author

David Bille Byriel, Hjalte Ro-Poulsen, Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas, Aslak Kappel Hansen, Rikke Reisner Hansen, Mathias Just Justesen, Emil Kristensen, Cecilie Bülow Møller, and Inger Kappel Schmidt

Subjects
Insects, Diversity, Lowland heathland, Species composition, Conservation management, Ecology, Old-growth, Biodiversity, Multi-taxa, Arthropods, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Nature and Landscape Conservation
Abstract

Maintaining heathlands in early successional stages to sustain heather (Calluna vulgaris) is a common, large-scale management practice in Europe. However, allowing patches of long-term natural vegetation development may increase habitat heterogeneity benefitting insects, but empirical evidence is sparse. We investigated how old-growth heathland (> 30 years abandonment) affect species richness and composition of bees (Anthophila), crane flies (Tipuloidea), ground beetles (Carabidae), hoverflies (Syrphidae) and rove beetles (Staphylinidae) in relation to their hygropreference. Adult insects, vegetation and edaphic explanatory variables were collected in old-growth, managed and wet sites and compared in four lowland heathland locations in Denmark. We found 299 species including 24 nationally red-listed. Species composition differed between managed, old-growth and wet heathland for all taxa. Indicator species and richness analyses showed a predominance of xerophilic bee species in managed heathland. Old-growth heathland showed a predominance of mesophilic indicator species, and higher richness of mesophilic crane flies and of hygrophilic ground and rove beetles compared to managed heathland. Wet heathland was generally dominated by hygrophilic species. Soil moisture, bare soil and vegetation height density were important drivers explaining the contrasting responses in richness and composition between heathland types. Our results demonstrate that heathland management focusing solely on early successional vegetation stages may homogenize insect communities. We suggest that management practices should focus on improving structural vegetation heterogeneity. This can be achieved through management regimes that reset the succession and expose bare soil, but also by allowing patches of old-growth vegetation stages to develop and by conserving existing ones.

Published
2023

10. Author response for 'Evenness mediates the global relationship between forest productivity and richness'

Author

null Iris Hordijk, null Daniel S. Maynard, null Simon P. Hart, null Mo Lidong, null Hans ter Steege, null Jingjing Liang, null Sergio de‐Miguel, null Gert‐Jan Nabuurs, null Peter B. Reich, null Meinrad Abegg, null C. Yves Adou Yao, null Giorgio Alberti, null Angelica M. Almeyda Zambrano, null Braulio V. Alvarado, null Alvarez‐Davila Esteban, null Patricia Alvarez‐Loayza, null Luciana F. Alves, null Christian Ammer, null Clara Antón‐Fernández, null Alejandro Araujo‐Murakami, null Luzmila Arroyo, null Valerio Avitabile, null Gerardo A. Aymard C, null Timothy Baker, null Radomir Bałazy, null Olaf Banki, null Jorcely Barroso, null Meredith L. Bastian, null Jean‐Francois Bastin, null Luca Birigazzi, null Philippe Birnbaum, null Robert Bitariho, null Pascal Boeckx, null Frans Bongers, null Olivier Bouriaud, null Pedro H. S. Brancalion, null Susanne Brandl, null Roel Brienen, null Eben N. Broadbent, null Helge Bruelheide, null Filippo Bussotti, null Roberto Cazzolla Gatti, null Ricardo G. César, null Goran Cesljar, null Robin Chazdon, null Han Y. H. Chen, null Chelsea Chisholm, null Emil Cienciala, null Connie J. Clark, null David B. Clark, null Gabriel Colletta, null David Coomes, null Fernando Cornejo Valverde, null Jose J. Corral‐Rivas, null Philip Crim, null Jonathan Cumming, null Selvadurai Dayanandan, null André L. de Gasper, null Mathieu Decuyper, null Géraldine Derroire, null Ben DeVries, null Ilija Djordjevic, null Amaral Iêda, null Aurélie Dourdain, null Engone Obiang Nestor Laurier, null Brian Enquist, null Teresa Eyre, null Adandé Belarmain Fandohan, null Tom M. Fayle, null Leandro V. Ferreira, null Ted R. Feldpausch, null Leena Finér, null Markus Fischer, null Christine Fletcher, null Lorenzo Frizzera, null Javier G. P. Gamarra, null Damiano Gianelle, null Henry B. Glick, null David Harris, null Andrew Hector, null Andreas Hemp, null Geerten Hengeveld, null Bruno Hérault, null John Herbohn, null Annika Hillers, null Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, null Cang Hui, null Hyunkook Cho, null Thomas Ibanez, null Il Bin Jung, null Nobuo Imai, null Andrzej M. Jagodzinski, null Bogdan Jaroszewicz, null Vivian Johanssen, null Carlos A. Joly, null Tommaso Jucker, null Viktor Karminov, null Kuswata Kartawinata, null Elizabeth Kearsley, null David Kenfack, null Deborah Kennard, null Sebastian Kepfer‐Rojas, null Gunnar Keppel, null Mohammed Latif Khan, null Timothy Killeen, null Kim Hyun Seok, null Kanehiro Kitayama, null Michael Köhl, null Henn Korjus, null Florian Kraxner, null Diana Laarmann, null Mait Lang, null Simon Lewis, null Huicui Lu, null Natalia Lukina, null Brian Maitner, null Yadvinder Malhi, null Eric Marcon, null Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, null Ben Hur Marimon‐Junior, null Andrew Robert Marshall, null Emanuel Martin, null Olga Martynenko, null Jorge A. Meave, null Omar Melo‐Cruz, null Casimiro Mendoza, null Cory Merow, null Miscicki Stanislaw, null Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, null Vanessa Moreno, null Sharif A. Mukul, null Philip Mundhenk, null Maria G. Nava‐Miranda, null David Neill, null Victor Neldner, null Radovan Nevenic, null Michael Ngugi, null Pascal A. Niklaus, null Jacek Oleksyn, null Petr Ontikov, null Edgar Ortiz‐Malavasi, null Yude Pan, null Alain Paquette, null Alexander Parada‐Gutierrez, null Elena Parfenova, null Minjee Park, null Marc Parren, null Narayanaswamy Parthasarathy, null Pablo L. Peri, null Sebastian Pfautsch, null Oliver L. Phillips, null Nicolas Picard, null Maria Teresa Piedade, null Daniel Piotto, null Nigel C. A. Pitman, null Irina Polo, null Lourens Poorter, null Axel Dalberg Poulsen, null John R. Poulsen, null Hans Pretzsch, null Freddy Ramirez Arevalo, null Zorayda Restrepo‐Correa, null Mirco Rodeghiero, null Samir Rolim, null Anand Roopsind, null Francesco Rovero, null Ervan Rutishauser, null Purabi Saikia, null Christian Salas‐Eljatib, null Peter Schall, null Dmitry Schepaschenko, null Michael Scherer‐Lorenzen, null Bernhard Schmid, null Jochen Schöngart, null Eric B. Searle, null Vladimír Šebeň, null Josep M. Serra‐Diaz, null Douglas Sheil, null Anatoly Shvidenko, null Javier Silva‐Espejo, null Marcos Silveira, null James Singh, null Plinio Sist, null Ferry Slik, null Bonaventure Sonké, null Alexandre F. Souza, null Krzysztof Stereńczak, null Jens‐Christian Svenning, null Miroslav Svoboda, null Ben Swanepoel, null Natalia Targhetta, null Nadja Tchebakova, null Raquel Thomas, null Elena Tikhonova, null Peter Umunay, null Vladimir Usoltsev, null Renato Valencia, null Fernando Valladares, null Fons van der Plas, null Do Van Tran, null Michael E. Van Nuland, null Rodolfo Vasquez Martinez, null Hans Verbeeck, null Helder Viana, null Alexander C. Vibrans, null Simone Vieira, null Klaus von Gadow, null Hua‐Feng Wang, null James Watson, null Gijsbert D. A. Werner, null Susan K. Wiser, null Florian Wittmann, null Verginia Wortel, null Roderick Zagt, null Tomasz Zawila‐Niedzwiecki, null Chunyu Zhang, null Xiuhai Zhao, null Mo Zhou, null Zhi‐Xin Zhu, null Irie Casimir Zo‐Bi, and null Thomas W. Crowther

Published
2022

11. Correction for Cazzolla Gatti et al., The number of tree species on Earth

Author

ROCIO DEL PILAR, Oliver Phillips, Bruno Herault, Vivian Kvist Johannsen, Brian Enquist, Vladimír Šebeň, Javier G. P. Gamarra, Henn Korjus, Robert Bitariho, Andrzej Jagodzinski, Tommaso Jucker, Rodolfo Vásquez Martínez, Laura Dee, Bogdan Jaroszewicz, Elena Tikhonova, Goran Češljar, Ilija Djordjevic, and Sebastian Kepfer Rojas

Subjects
Multidisciplinary
Published
2022

12. Litter legacy after spruce plantation removal hampers initial vegetation establishment

Author

Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas, Karsten Raulund-Rasmussen, Alexia López Rodríguez, Lars Baastrup-Spohr, and Jonas Morsing

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Specific leaf area, biology, Picea abies, biology.organism_classification, Carex pilulifera, Felling, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Fencing, Agronomy, Litter, medicine, Environmental science, Species richness, medicine.symptom, Vegetation (pathology), Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Restoration of areas used for intensive even-aged Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.) plantations often involves felling and subsequent spontaneous vegetation succession. However, the accumulated litter layer may hamper vegetation development, and thereby postpone recovery or even change the outcome. We studied effects of the litter layer on vegetation establishment during two seasons following a clear-cut of Norway spruce in Denmark. We experimentally assessed the response of multiple vegetation properties to litter removal, with and without wildlife exclusion by fencing, and in combination with sowing of trees, while fencing. Burning was tested as an alternative way to remove the litter layer. Vegetation establishment was poor, when the litter layer was intact, and cover developed slowly remaining below 10% after two years, irrespective of fencing. In contrast, litter removal and fencing together gave significantly faster recovery and reached nearly 60% mean cover. Vegetation cover was driven by few dominant species, especially the sedge Carex pilulifera. Species richness was similar in all treatments, but increased with sowing of trees. Fencing resulted in taller birch seedlings independently of litter removal, but enhanced by seedling density. Litter removal seemed to favor species with lighter seeds, lower specific leaf area (SLA) and lower Ellenberg N value, i.e. associated with relative infertile conditions. Disturbing the litter by burning seemed to have an effect comparable to mechanical removal, and could be a management alternative. Our results showed that a persistent litter layer after spruce plantation removal may hamper the initial vegetation establishment. Actively removing litter may serve as an additional restoration intervention to overcome this legacy. However, as grazing can keep this potential in check, wildlife exclusion may be necessary as well. To speed up recovery and diversify vegetation structure after spruce plantation removal, we suggest patchy disturbance of the litter, essentially combined with wildlife exclusion.

Published
2020

13. The number of tree species on Earth

Author

Roberto Cazzolla Gatti, Peter B. Reich, Javier G. P. Gamarra, Tom Crowther, Cang Hui, Albert Morera, Jean-Francois Bastin, Sergio de-Miguel, Gert-Jan Nabuurs, Jens-Christian Svenning, Josep M. Serra-Diaz, Cory Merow, Brian Enquist, Maria Kamenetsky, Junho Lee, Jun Zhu, Jinyun Fang, Douglass F. Jacobs, Bryan Pijanowski, Arindam Banerjee, Robert A. Giaquinto, Giorgio Alberti, Angelica Maria Almeyda Zambrano, Esteban Alvarez-Davila, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Valerio Avitabile, Gerardo A. Aymard, Radomir Balazy, Chris Baraloto, Jorcely G. Barroso, Meredith L. Bastian, Philippe Birnbaum, Robert Bitariho, Jan Bogaert, Frans Bongers, Olivier Bouriaud, Pedro H. S. Brancalion, Francis Q. Brearley, Eben North Broadbent, Filippo Bussotti, Wendeson Castro da Silva, Ricardo Gomes César, Goran Češljar, Víctor Chama Moscoso, Han Y. H. Chen, Emil Cienciala, Connie J. Clark, David A. Coomes, Selvadurai Dayanandan, Mathieu Decuyper, Laura E. Dee, Jhon Del Aguila Pasquel, Géraldine Derroire, Marie Noel Kamdem Djuikouo, Tran Van Do, Jiri Dolezal, Ilija Đ. Đorđević, Julien Engel, Tom M. Fayle, Ted R. Feldpausch, Jonas K. Fridman, David J. Harris, Andreas Hemp, Geerten Hengeveld, Bruno Herault, Martin Herold, Thomas Ibanez, Andrzej M. Jagodzinski, Bogdan Jaroszewicz, Kathryn J. Jeffery, Vivian Kvist Johannsen, Tommaso Jucker, Ahto Kangur, Victor N. Karminov, Kuswata Kartawinata, Deborah K. Kennard, Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas, Gunnar Keppel, Mohammed Latif Khan, Pramod Kumar Khare, Timothy J. Kileen, Hyun Seok Kim, Henn Korjus, Amit Kumar, Ashwani Kumar, Diana Laarmann, Nicolas Labrière, Mait Lang, Simon L. Lewis, Natalia Lukina, Brian S. Maitner, Yadvinder Malhi, Andrew R. Marshall, Olga V. Martynenko, Abel L. Monteagudo Mendoza, Petr V. Ontikov, Edgar Ortiz-Malavasi, Nadir C. Pallqui Camacho, Alain Paquette, Minjee Park, Narayanaswamy Parthasarathy, Pablo Luis Peri, Pascal Petronelli, Sebastian Pfautsch, Oliver L. Phillips, Nicolas Picard, Daniel Piotto, Lourens Poorter, John R. Poulsen, Hans Pretzsch, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Zorayda Restrepo Correa, Mirco Rodeghiero, Rocío Del Pilar Rojas Gonzáles, Samir G. Rolim, Francesco Rovero, Ervan Rutishauser, Purabi Saikia, Christian Salas-Eljatib, Dmitry Schepaschenko, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Vladimír Šebeň, Marcos Silveira, Ferry Slik, Bonaventure Sonké, Alexandre F. Souza, Krzysztof Jan Stereńczak, Miroslav Svoboda, Hermann Taedoumg, Nadja Tchebakova, John Terborgh, Elena Tikhonova, Armando Torres-Lezama, Fons van der Plas, Rodolfo Vásquez, Helder Viana, Alexander C. Vibrans, Emilio Vilanova, Vincent A. Vos, Hua-Feng Wang, Bertil Westerlund, Lee J. T. White, Susan K. Wiser, Tomasz Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, Lise Zemagho, Zhi-Xin Zhu, Irié C. Zo-Bi, Jingjing Liang, Cazzolla Gatti, Roberto, Reich, Peter B, Gamarra, Javier GP, Crowther, Tom, Keppel, Gunnar, Liang, Jingjing, Cazzolla Gatti R., Reich P.B., Gamarra J.G.P., Crowther T., Hui C., Morera A., Bastin J.-F., de-Miguel S., Nabuurs G.-J., Svenning J.-C., Serra-Diaz J.M., Merow C., Enquist B., Kamenetsky M., Lee J., Zhu J., Fang J., Jacobs D.F., Pijanowski B., Banerjee A., Giaquinto R.A., Alberti G., Almeyda Zambrano A.M., Alvarez-Davila E., Araujo-Murakami A., Avitabile V., Aymard G.A., Balazy R., Baraloto C., Barroso J.G., Bastian M.L., Birnbaum P., Bitariho R., Bogaert J., Bongers F., Bouriaud O., Brancalion P.H.S., Brearley F.Q., Broadbent E.N., Bussotti F., Castro da Silva W., Cesar R.G., Cesljar G., Chama Moscoso V., Chen H.Y.H., Cienciala E., Clark C.J., Coomes D.A., Dayanandan S., Decuyper M., Dee L.E., Del Aguila Pasquel J., Derroire G., Djuikouo M.N.K., Van Do T., Dolezal J., Dordevic I.D., Engel J., Fayle T.M., Feldpausch T.R., Fridman J.K., Harris D.J., Hemp A., Hengeveld G., Herault B., Herold M., Ibanez T., Jagodzinski A.M., Jaroszewicz B., Jeffery K.J., Johannsen V.K., Jucker T., Kangur A., Karminov V.N., Kartawinata K., Kennard D.K., Kepfer-Rojas S., Keppel G., Khan M.L., Khare P.K., Kileen T.J., Kim H.S., Korjus H., Kumar A., Laarmann D., Labriere N., Lang M., Lewis S.L., Lukina N., Maitner B.S., Malhi Y., Marshall A.R., Martynenko O.V., Monteagudo Mendoza A.L., Ontikov P.V., Ortiz-Malavasi E., Pallqui Camacho N.C., Paquette A., Park M., Parthasarathy N., Peri P.L., Petronelli P., Pfautsch S., Phillips O.L., Picard N., Piotto D., Poorter L., Poulsen J.R., Pretzsch H., Ramirez-Angulo H., Restrepo Correa Z., Rodeghiero M., Rojas Gonzales R.D.P., Rolim S.G., Rovero F., Rutishauser E., Saikia P., Salas-Eljatib C., Schepaschenko D., Scherer-Lorenzen M., Seben V., Silveira M., Slik F., Sonke B., Souza A.F., Sterenczak K.J., Svoboda M., Taedoumg H., Tchebakova N., Terborgh J., Tikhonova E., Torres-Lezama A., van der Plas F., Vasquez R., Viana H., Vibrans A.C., Vilanova E., Vos V.A., Wang H.-F., Westerlund B., White L.J.T., Wiser S.K., Zawila-Niedzwiecki T., Zemagho L., Zhu Z.-X., Zo-Bi I.C., Liang J., Purdue University [West Lafayette], University of Wisconsin-Madison, FAO Forestry, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO), SILVA (SILVA), AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), Cazzolla Gatti, Roberto [0000-0001-5130-8492], Reich, Peter B [0000-0003-4424-662X], Hui, Cang [0000-0002-3660-8160], Morera, Albert [0000-0002-6777-169X], de-Miguel, Sergio [0000-0002-9738-0657], Svenning, Jens-Christian [0000-0002-3415-0862], Serra-Diaz, Josep M [0000-0003-1988-1154], Alberti, Giorgio [0000-0003-2422-3009], Bongers, Frans [0000-0002-8431-6189], Bouriaud, Olivier [0000-0002-8046-466X], Brancalion, Pedro HS [0000-0001-8245-4062], César, Ricardo Gomes [0000-0002-3392-8089], Chen, Han YH [0000-0001-9477-5541], Cienciala, Emil [0000-0002-1254-4254], Coomes, David [0000-0002-8261-2582], Djuikouo, Marie Noel Kamdem [0000-0003-0064-5151], Van Do, Tran [0000-0001-9059-5842], Feldpausch, Ted R [0000-0002-6631-7962], Jaroszewicz, Bogdan [0000-0002-2042-8245], Jeffery, Kathryn J [0000-0002-2632-0008], Kennard, Deborah K [0000-0003-4842-8260], Kim, Hyun Seok [0000-0002-3440-6071], Labrière, Nicolas [0000-0002-8037-2001], Maitner, Brian S [0000-0002-2118-9880], Malhi, Yadvinder [0000-0002-3503-4783], Peri, Pablo Luis [0000-0002-5398-4408], Phillips, Oliver L [0000-0002-8993-6168], Poorter, Lourens [0000-0003-1391-4875], Poulsen, John R [0000-0002-1532-9808], Salas-Eljatib, Christian [0000-0002-8468-0829], Schepaschenko, Dmitry [0000-0002-7814-4990], Silveira, Marcos [0000-0003-0485-7872], Slik, Ferry [0000-0003-3988-7019], Sonké, Bonaventure [0000-0002-4310-3603], Terborgh, John [0000-0003-1853-8311], Wiser, Susan K [0000-0002-8938-8181], Liang, Jingjing [0000-0001-9439-9320], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, and Coomes, David A [0000-0002-8261-2582]

Subjects
Cambios Antropogénicos, Richness, SAMPLE, Earth, Planet, Rarity, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, DIVERSITY, Forests, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Trees, forest, Bioma, Laboratory of Geo-information Science and Remote Sensing, Biome, espèce (taxon), HETEROGENEITY, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Forest Biodiversity, hyperdominance, Riqueza de Especies, Ecosystem Services, biodiversity, forests, hyperdominance, rarity, richness, biodiversity, Multidisciplinary, Hyperdominance, Overall Scale, F70 - Taxonomie végétale et phytogéographie, Biodiversity, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Écologie des populations, PE&RC, COVERAGE, Boscos i silvicultura, Biometris, Forest Ecosystems, ABUNDANCE, Anthropogenic Changes, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Biodiversité, леса, Conservation of Natural Resources, F40 - Écologie végétale, Servicios de los Ecosistemas, Vulnerability, ECOLOGIA DE POPULAÇÕES, Arbre, ECOLOGY, Biodiversidad, forests, rarity, richness, Ecosistemas Forestales, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, COMPLETENESS, Árboles, Settore BIO/07 - ECOLOGIA, Richness Species, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Laboratorium voor Geo-informatiekunde en Remote Sensing, K70 - Dégâts causés aux forêts et leur protection, Biodiversidad Forestal, Escala Global, Vegetatie, деревья, Vegetation, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, biodiversité forestière, биоразнообразие, PATTERNS, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Vulnerabilidad
Abstract

One of the most fundamental questions in ecology is how many species inhabit the Earth. However, due to massive logistical and financial challenges and taxonomic difficulties connected to the species concept definition, the global numbers of species, including those of important and well-studied life forms such as trees, still remain largely unknown. Here, based on global ground-sourced data, we estimate the total tree species richness at global, continental, and biome levels. Our results indicate that there are ∼73,000 tree species globally, among which ∼9,000 tree species are yet to be discovered. Roughly 40% of undiscovered tree species are in South America. Moreover, almost one-third of all tree species to be discovered may be rare, with very low populations and limited spatial distribution (likely in remote tropical lowlands and mountains). These findings highlight the vulnerability of global forest biodiversity to anthropogenic changes in land use and climate, which disproportionately threaten rare species and thus, global tree richness., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 119 (6), ISSN:0027-8424, ISSN:1091-6490

Published
2022

14. Co-limitation towards lower latitudes shapes global forest diversity gradients

Author

Jingjing Liang, Javier G. P. Gamarra, Nicolas Picard, Mo Zhou, Bryan Pijanowski, Douglass F. Jacobs, Peter B. Reich, Thomas W. Crowther, Gert-Jan Nabuurs, Sergio de-Miguel, Jingyun Fang, Christopher W. Woodall, Jens-Christian Svenning, Tommaso Jucker, Jean-Francois Bastin, Susan K. Wiser, Ferry Slik, Bruno Hérault, Giorgio Alberti, Gunnar Keppel, Geerten M. Hengeveld, Pierre L. Ibisch, Carlos A. Silva, Hans ter Steege, Pablo L. Peri, David A. Coomes, Eric B. Searle, Klaus von Gadow, Bogdan Jaroszewicz, Akane O. Abbasi, Meinrad Abegg, Yves C. Adou Yao, Jesús Aguirre-Gutiérrez, Angelica M. Almeyda Zambrano, Jan Altman, Esteban Alvarez-Dávila, Juan Gabriel Álvarez-González, Luciana F. Alves, Bienvenu H. K. Amani, Christian A. Amani, Christian Ammer, Bhely Angoboy Ilondea, Clara Antón-Fernández, Valerio Avitabile, Gerardo A. Aymard, Akomian F. Azihou, Johan A. Baard, Timothy R. Baker, Radomir Balazy, Meredith L. Bastian, Rodrigue Batumike, Marijn Bauters, Hans Beeckman, Nithanel Mikael Hendrik Benu, Robert Bitariho, Pascal Boeckx, Jan Bogaert, Frans Bongers, Olivier Bouriaud, Pedro H. S. Brancalion, Susanne Brandl, Francis Q. Brearley, Jaime Briseno-Reyes, Eben N. Broadbent, Helge Bruelheide, Erwin Bulte, Ann Christine Catlin, Roberto Cazzolla Gatti, Ricardo G. César, Han Y. H. Chen, Chelsea Chisholm, Emil Cienciala, Gabriel D. Colletta, José Javier Corral-Rivas, Anibal Cuchietti, Aida Cuni-Sanchez, Javid A. Dar, Selvadurai Dayanandan, Thales de Haulleville, Mathieu Decuyper, Sylvain Delabye, Géraldine Derroire, Ben DeVries, John Diisi, Tran Van Do, Jiri Dolezal, Aurélie Dourdain, Graham P. Durrheim, Nestor Laurier Engone Obiang, Corneille E. N. Ewango, Teresa J. Eyre, Tom M. Fayle, Lethicia Flavine N. Feunang, Leena Finér, Markus Fischer, Jonas Fridman, Lorenzo Frizzera, André L. de Gasper, Damiano Gianelle, Henry B. Glick, Maria Socorro Gonzalez-Elizondo, Lev Gorenstein, Richard Habonayo, Olivier J. Hardy, David J. Harris, Andrew Hector, Andreas Hemp, Martin Herold, Annika Hillers, Wannes Hubau, Thomas Ibanez, Nobuo Imai, Gerard Imani, Andrzej M. Jagodzinski, Stepan Janecek, Vivian Kvist Johannsen, Carlos A. Joly, Blaise Jumbam, Banoho L. P. R. Kabelong, Goytom Abraha Kahsay, Viktor Karminov, Kuswata Kartawinata, Justin N. Kassi, Elizabeth Kearsley, Deborah K. Kennard, Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas, Mohammed Latif Khan, John N. Kigomo, Hyun Seok Kim, Carine Klauberg, Yannick Klomberg, Henn Korjus, Subashree Kothandaraman, Florian Kraxner, Amit Kumar, Relawan Kuswandi, Mait Lang, Michael J. Lawes, Rodrigo V. Leite, Geoffrey Lentner, Simon L. Lewis, Moses B. Libalah, Janvier Lisingo, Pablito Marcelo López-Serrano, Huicui Lu, Natalia V. Lukina, Anne Mette Lykke, Vincent Maicher, Brian S. Maitner, Eric Marcon, Andrew R. Marshall, Emanuel H. Martin, Olga Martynenko, Faustin M. Mbayu, Musingo T. E. Mbuvi, Jorge A. Meave, Cory Merow, Stanislaw Miscicki, Vanessa S. Moreno, Albert Morera, Sharif A. Mukul, Jörg C. Müller, Agustinus Murdjoko, Maria Guadalupe Nava-Miranda, Litonga Elias Ndive, Victor J. Neldner, Radovan V. Nevenic, Louis N. Nforbelie, Michael L. Ngoh, Anny E. N’Guessan, Michael R. Ngugi, Alain S. K. Ngute, Emile Narcisse N. Njila, Melanie C. Nyako, Thomas O. Ochuodho, Jacek Oleksyn, Alain Paquette, Elena I. Parfenova, Minjee Park, Marc Parren, Narayanaswamy Parthasarathy, Sebastian Pfautsch, Oliver L. Phillips, Maria T. F. Piedade, Daniel Piotto, Martina Pollastrini, Lourens Poorter, John R. Poulsen, Axel Dalberg Poulsen, Hans Pretzsch, Mirco Rodeghiero, Samir G. Rolim, Francesco Rovero, Ervan Rutishauser, Khosro Sagheb-Talebi, Purabi Saikia, Moses Nsanyi Sainge, Christian Salas-Eljatib, Antonello Salis, Peter Schall, Dmitry Schepaschenko, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Bernhard Schmid, Jochen Schöngart, Vladimír Šebeň, Giacomo Sellan, Federico Selvi, Josep M. Serra-Diaz, Douglas Sheil, Anatoly Z. Shvidenko, Plinio Sist, Alexandre F. Souza, Krzysztof J. Stereńczak, Martin J. P. Sullivan, Somaiah Sundarapandian, Miroslav Svoboda, Mike D. Swaine, Natalia Targhetta, Nadja Tchebakova, Liam A. Trethowan, Robert Tropek, John Tshibamba Mukendi, Peter Mbanda Umunay, Vladimir A. Usoltsev, Gaia Vaglio Laurin, Riccardo Valentini, Fernando Valladares, Fons van der Plas, Daniel José Vega-Nieva, Hans Verbeeck, Helder Viana, Alexander C. Vibrans, Simone A. Vieira, Jason Vleminckx, Catherine E. Waite, Hua-Feng Wang, Eric Katembo Wasingya, Chemuku Wekesa, Bertil Westerlund, Florian Wittmann, Verginia Wortel, Tomasz Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, Chunyu Zhang, Xiuhai Zhao, Jun Zhu, Xiao Zhu, Zhi-Xin Zhu, Irie C. Zo-Bi, Cang Hui, Liang, Jingjing, Gamarra, Javier GP, Picard, Nicolas, Zhou, Mo, Keppel, Gunnar, Hui, Cang, Liang J., Gamarra J.G.P., Picard N., Zhou M., Pijanowski B., Jacobs D.F., Reich P.B., Crowther T.W., Nabuurs G.-J., de-Miguel S., Fang J., Woodall C.W., Svenning J.-C., Jucker T., Bastin J.-F., Wiser S.K., Slik F., Herault B., Alberti G., Keppel G., Hengeveld G.M., Ibisch P.L., Silva C.A., ter Steege H., Peri P.L., Coomes D.A., Searle E.B., von Gadow K., Jaroszewicz B., Abbasi A.O., Abegg M., Yao Y.C.A., Aguirre-Gutierrez J., Zambrano A.M.A., Altman J., Alvarez-Davila E., Alvarez-Gonzalez J.G., Alves L.F., Amani B.H.K., Amani C.A., Ammer C., Ilondea B.A., Anton-Fernandez C., Avitabile V., Aymard G.A., Azihou A.F., Baard J.A., Baker T.R., Balazy R., Bastian M.L., Batumike R., Bauters M., Beeckman H., Benu N.M.H., Bitariho R., Boeckx P., Bogaert J., Bongers F., Bouriaud O., Brancalion P.H.S., Brandl S., Brearley F.Q., Briseno-Reyes J., Broadbent E.N., Bruelheide H., Bulte E., Catlin A.C., Cazzolla Gatti R., Cesar R.G., Chen H.Y.H., Chisholm C., Cienciala E., Colletta G.D., Corral-Rivas J.J., Cuchietti A., Cuni-Sanchez A., Dar J.A., Dayanandan S., de Haulleville T., Decuyper M., Delabye S., Derroire G., DeVries B., Diisi J., Do T.V., Dolezal J., Dourdain A., Durrheim G.P., Obiang N.L.E., Ewango C.E.N., Eyre T.J., Fayle T.M., Feunang L.F.N., Finer L., Fischer M., Fridman J., Frizzera L., de Gasper A.L., Gianelle D., Glick H.B., Gonzalez-Elizondo M.S., Gorenstein L., Habonayo R., Hardy O.J., Harris D.J., Hector A., Hemp A., Herold M., Hillers A., Hubau W., Ibanez T., Imai N., Imani G., Jagodzinski A.M., Janecek S., Johannsen V.K., Joly C.A., Jumbam B., Kabelong B.L.P.R., Kahsay G.A., Karminov V., Kartawinata K., Kassi J.N., Kearsley E., Kennard D.K., Kepfer-Rojas S., Khan M.L., Kigomo J.N., Kim H.S., Klauberg C., Klomberg Y., Korjus H., Kothandaraman S., Kraxner F., Kumar A., Kuswandi R., Lang M., Lawes M.J., Leite R.V., Lentner G., Lewis S.L., Libalah M.B., Lisingo J., Lopez-Serrano P.M., Lu H., Lukina N.V., Lykke A.M., Maicher V., Maitner B.S., Marcon E., Marshall A.R., Martin E.H., Martynenko O., Mbayu F.M., Mbuvi M.T.E., Meave J.A., Merow C., Miscicki S., Moreno V.S., Morera A., Mukul S.A., Muller J.C., Murdjoko A., Nava-Miranda M.G., Ndive L.E., Neldner V.J., Nevenic R.V., Nforbelie L.N., Ngoh M.L., N'Guessan A.E., Ngugi M.R., Ngute A.S.K., Njila E.N.N., Nyako M.C., Ochuodho T.O., Oleksyn J., Paquette A., Parfenova E.I., Park M., Parren M., Parthasarathy N., Pfautsch S., Phillips O.L., Piedade M.T.F., Piotto D., Pollastrini M., Poorter L., Poulsen J.R., Poulsen A.D., Pretzsch H., Rodeghiero M., Rolim S.G., Rovero F., Rutishauser E., Sagheb-Talebi K., Saikia P., Sainge M.N., Salas-Eljatib C., Salis A., Schall P., Schepaschenko D., Scherer-Lorenzen M., Schmid B., Schongart J., Seben V., Sellan G., Selvi F., Serra-Diaz J.M., Sheil D., Shvidenko A.Z., Sist P., Souza A.F., Sterenczak K.J., Sullivan M.J.P., Sundarapandian S., Svoboda M., Swaine M.D., Targhetta N., Tchebakova N., Trethowan L.A., Tropek R., Mukendi J.T., Umunay P.M., Usoltsev V.A., Vaglio Laurin G., Valentini R., Valladares F., van der Plas F., Vega-Nieva D.J., Verbeeck H., Viana H., Vibrans A.C., Vieira S.A., Vleminckx J., Waite C.E., Wang H.-F., Wasingya E.K., Wekesa C., Westerlund B., Wittmann F., Wortel V., Zawila-Niedzwiecki T., Zhang C., Zhao X., Zhu J., Zhu X., Zhu Z.-X., Zo-Bi I.C., Hui C., Purdue University [West Lafayette], Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO), Groupement d'Interêt Public Ecosystèmes Forestiers GIP ECOFOR (GIP ECOFOR ), Forêts et Sociétés (UPR Forêts et Sociétés), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale (UMR TETIS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), SILVA (SILVA), AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny, and Stellenbosch University

Subjects
Bos- en Landschapsecologie, WASS, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Forests, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Co-limitation, Ontwikkelingseconomie, Forest and Nature Conservation Policy, Trees, Soil, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Development Economics, Laboratory of Geo-information Science and Remote Sensing, Settore BIO/07 - ECOLOGIA, Life Science, Laboratorium voor Moleculaire Biologie, Bos- en Natuurbeleid, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Laboratorium voor Geo-informatiekunde en Remote Sensing, BIOS Plant Development Systems, Vegetatie, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, biogeography, biodiversity, Vegetation, Ecology, Biodiversity, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Latitudinal gradients, PE&RC, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Bioclimatic dominance, Biogeography, LATITUDE, Plantenecologie en Natuurbeheer, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Corporate Governance & Legal Services, Tree, Global LDG
Abstract

The latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) is one of the most recognized global patterns of species richness exhibited across a wide range of taxa. Numerous hypotheses have been proposed in the past two centuries to explain LDG, but rigorous tests of the drivers of LDGs have been limited by a lack of high-quality global species richness data. Here we produce a high-resolution (0.025° × 0.025°) map of local tree species richness using a global forest inventory database with individual tree information and local biophysical characteristics from ~1.3 million sample plots. We then quantify drivers of local tree species richness patterns across latitudes. Generally, annual mean temperature was a dominant predictor of tree species richness, which is most consistent with the metabolic theory of biodiversity (MTB). However, MTB underestimated LDG in the tropics, where high species richness was also moderated by topographic, soil and anthropogenic factors operating at local scales. Given that local landscape variables operate synergistically with bioclimatic factors in shaping the global LDG pattern, we suggest that MTB be extended to account for co-limitation by subordinate drivers. The team collaboration and manuscript development are supported by the web-based team science platform: science-i.org, with the project number 202205GFB2. We thank the following initiatives, agencies, teams and individuals for data collection and other technical support: the Global Forest Biodiversity Initiative (GFBI) for establishing the data standards and collaborative framework; United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) Program; University of Alaska Fairbanks; the SODEFOR, Ivory Coast; University Félix Houphouët-Boigny (UFHB, Ivory Coast); the Queensland Herbarium and past Queensland Government Forestry and Natural Resource Management departments and staff for data collection for over seven decades; and the National Forestry Commission of Mexico (CONAFOR). We thank M. Baker (Carbon Tanzania), together with a team of field assistants (Valentine and Lawrence); all persons who made the Third Spanish Forest Inventory possible, especially the main coordinator, J. A. Villanueva (IFN3); the French National Forest Inventory (NFI campaigns (raw data 2005 and following annual surveys, were downloaded by GFBI at https://inventaire-forestier.ign.fr/spip.php?rubrique159; site accessed on 1 January 2015)); the Italian Forest Inventory (NFI campaigns raw data 2005 and following surveys were downloaded by GFBI at https://inventarioforestale.org/; site accessed on 27 April 2019); Swiss National Forest Inventory, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL and Federal Office for the Environment FOEN, Switzerland; the Swedish NFI, Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences SLU; the National Research Foundation (NRF) of South Africa (89967 and 109244) and the South African Research Chair Initiative; the Danish National Forestry, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, UCPH; Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel of Brazil (CAPES, grant number 88881.064976/2014-01); R. Ávila and S. van Tuylen, Instituto Nacional de Bosques (INAB), Guatemala, for facilitating Guatemalan data; the National Focal Center for Forest condition monitoring of Serbia (NFC), Institute of Forestry, Belgrade, Serbia; the Thünen Institute of Forest Ecosystems (Germany) for providing National Forest Inventory data; the FAO and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) for undertaking the SAFE (Safe Access to Fuel and Energy) and CBIT-Forest projects; and the Amazon Forest Inventory Network (RAINFOR), the African Tropical Rainforest Observation Network (AfriTRON) and the ForestPlots.net initiative for their contributions from Amazonian and African forests. The Natural Forest plot data collected between January 2009 and March 2014 by the LUCAS programme for the New Zealand Ministry for the Environment are provided by the New Zealand National Vegetation Survey Databank https://nvs.landcareresearch.co.nz/. We thank the International Boreal Forest Research Association (IBFRA); the Forestry Corporation of New South Wales, Australia; the National Forest Directory of the Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development of the Argentine Republic (MAyDS) for the plot data of the Second National Forest Inventory (INBN2); the National Forestry Authority and Ministry of Water and Environment of Uganda for their National Biomass Survey (NBS) dataset; and the Sabah Biodiversity Council and the staff from Sabah Forest Research Centre. All TEAM data are provided by the Tropical Ecology Assessment and Monitoring (TEAM) Network, a collaboration between Conservation International, the Missouri Botanical Garden, the Smithsonian Institution and the Wildlife Conservation Society, and partially funded by these institutions, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and other donors, with thanks to all current and previous TEAM site manager and other collaborators that helped collect data. We thank the people of the Redidoti, Pierrekondre and Cassipora village who were instrumental in assisting with the collection of data and sharing local knowledge of their forest and the dedicated members of the field crew of Kabo 2012 census. We are also thankful to FAPESC, SFB, FAO and IMA/SC for supporting the IFFSC. This research was supported in part through computational resources provided by Information Technology at Purdue, West Lafayette, Indiana.This work is supported in part by the NASA grant number 12000401 ‘Multi-sensor biodiversity framework developed from bioacoustic and space based sensor platforms’ (J. Liang, B.P.); the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture McIntire Stennis projects 1017711 (J. Liang) and 1016676 (M.Z.); the US National Science Foundation Biological Integration Institutes grant NSF‐DBI‐2021898 (P.B.R.); the funding by H2020 VERIFY (contract 776810) and H2020 Resonate (contract 101000574) (G.-J.N.); the TEAM project in Uganda supported by the Moore foundation and Buffett Foundation through Conservation International (CI) and Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS); the Danish Council for Independent Research | Natural Sciences (TREECHANGE, grant 6108- 00078B) and VILLUM FONDEN grant number 16549 (J.-C.S.); the Natural Environment Research Council of the UK (NERC) project NE/T011084/1 awarded to J.A.-G. and NE/S011811/1; ERC Advanced Grant 291585 (‘T-FORCES’) and a Royal Society-Wolfson Research Merit Award (O.L.P.); RAINFOR plots supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and the UK Natural Environment Research Council, notably NERC Consortium Grants ‘AMAZONICA’ (NE/F005806/1), ‘TROBIT’ (NE/D005590/1) and ‘BIO-RED’ (NE/N012542/1); CIFOR’s Global Comparative Study on REDD+ funded by the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation, the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, the European Union, the International Climate Initiative (IKI) of the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety and the CGIAR Research Program on Forests, Trees and Agroforestry (CRP-FTA) and donors to the CGIAR Fund; AfriTRON network plots funded by the local communities and NERC, ERC, European Union, Royal Society and Leverhume Trust; a grant from the Royal Society and the Natural Environment Research Council, UK (S.L.L.); National Science Foundation CIF21 DIBBs: EI: number 1724728 (A.C.C.); National Natural Science Foundation of China (31800374) and Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (ZR2019BC083) (H.L.). UK NERC Independent Research Fellowship (grant code: NE/S01537X/1) (T.J.); a Serra-Húnter Fellowship provided by the Government of Catalonia (Spain) (S.d.-M.); the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, grant 442640/2018-8, CNPq/Prevfogo-Ibama number 33/2018) (C.A.S.); a grant from the Franklinia Foundation (D.A.C.); Russian Science Foundation project number 19-77-300-12 (R.V.); the Takenaka Scholarship Foundation (A.O.A.); the German Research Foundation (DFG), grant number Am 149/16-4 (C.A.); the Romania National Council for Higher Education Funding, CNFIS, project number CNFIS-FDI-2022-0259 (O.B.); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (RGPIN-2019-05109 and STPGP506284) and the Canadian Foundation for Innovation (36014) (H.Y.H.C.); the project SustES—Adaptation strategies for sustainable ecosystem services and food security under adverse environmental conditions (CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000797) (E.C.); Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología del estado de Durango (2019-01-155) (J.J.C.-R.); Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), New Delhi, Government of India (file number PDF/2015/000447)— ‘Assessing the carbon sequestration potential of different forest types in Central India in response to climate change’ (J.A.D.); Investissement d’avenir grant of the ANR (CEBA: ANR-10-LABEX-0025) (G.D.); National Foundation for Science & Technology Development of Vietnam, 106-NN.06-2013.01 (T.V.D.); Queensland government, Department of Environment and Science (T.J.E.); a Czech Science Foundation Standard grant (19-14620S) (T.M.F.); European Union Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007– 2013) under grant agreement number 265171 (L. Finer, M. Pollastrini, F. Selvi); grants from the Swedish National Forest Inventory, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (J.F.); CNPq productivity grant number 311303/2020-0 (A.L.d.G.); DFG grant HE 2719/11-1,2,3; HE 2719/14-1 (A. Hemp); European Union’s Horizon Europe research project OpenEarthMonitor grant number 101059548, CGIAR Fund INIT-32-MItigation and Transformation Initiative for GHG reductions of Agrifood systems RelaTed Emissions (MITIGATE+) (M.H.); General Directorate of the State Forests, Poland (1/07; OR-2717/3/11; OR.271.3.3.2017) and the National Centre for Research and Development, Poland (BIOSTRATEG1/267755/4/NCBR/2015) (A.M.J.); Czech Science Foundation 18-10781 S (S.J.); Danish of Ministry of Environment, the Danish Environmental Protection Agency, Integrated Forest Monitoring Program—NFI (V.K.J.); State of São Paulo Research Foundation/FAPESP as part of the BIOTA/FAPESP Program Project Functional Gradient-PELD/BIOTA-ECOFOR 2003/12595-7 & 2012/51872-5 (C.A.J.); Danish Council for Independent Research—social sciences—grant DFF 6109– 00296 (G.A.K.); Russian Science Foundation project 21-46-07002 for the plot data collected in the Krasnoyarsk region (V.K.); BOLFOR (D.K.K.); Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, Government of India (grant number BT/PR7928/ NDB/52/9/2006, dated 29 September 2006) (M.L.K.); grant from Kenya Coastal Development Project (KCDP), which was funded by World Bank (J.N.K.); Korea Forest Service (2018113A00-1820-BB01, 2013069A00-1819-AA03, and 2020185D10- 2022-AA02) and Seoul National University Big Data Institute through the Data Science Research Project 2016 (H.S.K.); the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, grant 442640/2018-8, CNPq/Prevfogo-Ibama number 33/2018) (C.K.); CSIR, New Delhi, government of India (grant number 38(1318)12/EMR-II, dated: 3 April 2012) (S.K.); Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, government of India (grant number BT/ PR12899/ NDB/39/506/2015 dated 20 June 2017) (A.K.); Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) #88887.463733/2019-00 (R.V.L.); National Natural Science Foundation of China (31800374) (H.L.); project of CEPF RAS ‘Methodological approaches to assessing the structural organization and functioning of forest ecosystems’ (AAAA-A18-118052590019-7) funded by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russia (N.V.L.); Leverhulme Trust grant to Andrew Balmford, Simon Lewis and Jon Lovett (A.R.M.); Russian Science Foundation, project 19-77-30015 for European Russia data processing (O.M.); grant from Kenya Coastal Development Project (KCDP), which was funded by World Bank (M.T.E.M.); the National Centre for Research and Development, Poland (BIOSTRATEG1/267755/4/NCBR/2015) (S.M.); the Secretariat for Universities and of the Ministry of Business and Knowledge of the Government of Catalonia and the European Social Fund (A. Morera); Queensland government, Department of Environment and Science (V.J.N.); Pinnacle Group Cameroon PLC (L.N.N.); Queensland government, Department of Environment and Science (M.R.N.); the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (RGPIN-2018-05201) (A.P.); the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project number 20-05-00540 (E.I.P.); European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement number 778322 (H.P.); Science and Engineering Research Board, New Delhi, government of India (grant number YSS/2015/000479, dated 12 January 2016) (P.S.); the Chilean Government research grants Fondecyt number 1191816 and FONDEF number ID19 10421 (C.S.-E.); the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) Priority Program 1374 Biodiversity Exploratories (P.S.); European Space Agency projects IFBN (4000114425/15/NL/FF/gp) and CCI Biomass (4000123662/18/I-NB) (D. Schepaschenko); FunDivEUROPE, European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) under grant agreement number 265171 (M.S.-L.); APVV 20-0168 from the Slovak Research and Development Agency (V.S.); Manchester Metropolitan University’s Environmental Science Research Centre (G.S.); the project ‘LIFE+ ForBioSensing PL Comprehensive monitoring of stand dynamics in Białowieża Forest supported with remote sensing techniques’ which is co-funded by the EU Life Plus programme (contract number LIFE13 ENV/PL/000048) and the National Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management in Poland (contract number 485/2014/WN10/OP-NM-LF/D) (K.J.S.); Global Challenges Research Fund (QR allocation, MMU) (M.J.P.S.); Czech Science Foundation project 21-27454S (M.S.); the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project number 20-05-00540 (N. Tchebakova); Botanical Research Fund, Coalbourn Trust, Bentham Moxon Trust, Emily Holmes scholarship (L.A.T.); the programmes of the current scientific research of the Botanical Garden of the Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (V.A.U.); FCT—Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology—Project UIDB/04033/2020. Inventário Florestal Nacional—ICNF (H. Viana); Grant from Kenya Coastal Development Project (KCDP), which was funded by World Bank (C.W.); grants from the Swedish National Forest Inventory, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (B.W.); ATTO project (grant number MCTI-FINEP 1759/10 and BMBF 01LB1001A, 01LK1602F) (F.W.); ReVaTene/ PReSeD-CI 2 is funded by the Education and Research Ministry of Côte d’Ivoire, as part of the Debt Reduction-Development Contracts (C2Ds) managed by IRD (I.C.Z.-B.); the National Research Foundation of South Africa (NRF, grant 89967) (C.H.). The Tropical Plant Exploration Group 70 1 ha plots in Continental Cameroon Mountains are supported by Rufford Small Grant Foundation, UK and 4 ha in Sierra Leone are supported by the Global Challenge Research Fund through Manchester Metropolitan University, UK; the National Geographic Explorer Grant, NGS-53344R-18 (A.C.-S.); University of KwaZulu-Natal Research Office grant (M.J.L.); Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Dirección General de Asuntos de Personal Académico, Grant PAPIIT IN-217620 (J.A.M.). Czech Science Foundation project 21-24186M (R.T., S. Delabye). Czech Science Foundation project 20-05840Y, the Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (LTAUSA19137) and the long-term research development project of the Czech Academy of Sciences no. RVO 67985939 (J.A.). The American Society of Primatologists, the Duke University Graduate School, the L.S.B. Leakey Foundation, the National Science Foundation (grant number 0452995) and the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research (grant number 7330) (M.B.). Research grants from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnologico (CNPq, Brazil) (309764/2019; 311303/2020) (A.C.V., A.L.G.). The Project of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City (grant number CKJ-JYRC-2022-83) (H.-F.W.). The Ugandan NBS was supported with funds from the Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF), the Austrian Development Agency (ADC) and FAO. FAO’s UN-REDD Program, together with the project on ‘Native Forests and Community’ Loan BIRF number 8493-AR UNDP ARG/15/004 and the National Program for the Protection of Native Forests under UNDP funded Argentina’s INBN2.

Published
2022

15. Disentangling drivers of litter decomposition in a multi-continent network of tree diversity experiments

Author

Ellen Desie, Juan Zuo, Kris Verheyen, Ika Djukic, Koenraad Van Meerbeek, Harald Auge, Nadia Barsoum, Christel Baum, Helge Bruelheide, Nico Eisenhauer, Heike Feldhaar, Olga Ferlian, Dominique Gravel, Hervé Jactel, Inger Kappel Schmidt, Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas, Céline Meredieu, Simone Mereu, Christian Messier, Lourdes Morillas, Charles Nock, Alain Paquette, Quentin Ponette, Peter B. Reich, Javier Roales, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Steffen Seitz, Anja Schmidt, Artur Stefanski, Stefan Trogisch, Inge van Halder, Martin Weih, Laura J. Williams, Bo Yang, Bart Muys, and UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences

Subjects
Decomposition, History, Environmental Engineering, Tea, Polymers and Plastics, Tea bag initiative, Carbon turnover, Tree communities, Biodiversity, Forests, Biogeochemical cycle, Pollution, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Trees, Plant Leaves, Soil, TreeDivNet, Environmental Chemistry, Forest, Business and International Management, Mass loss, Waste Management and Disposal, Ecosystem, Tree species richness
Abstract

Litter decomposition is a key ecosystem function in forests and varies in response to a range of climatic, edaphic, and local stand characteristics. Disentangling the relative contribution of these factors is challenging, especially along large environmental gradients. In particular, knowledge of the effect of management options, such as tree planting density and species composition, on litter decomposition would be highly valuable in forestry. In this study, we made use of 15 tree diversity experiments spread over eight countries and three continents within the global TreeDivNet network. We evaluated the effects of overstory composition (tree identity, species/mixture composition and species richness), plantation conditions (density and age), and climate (temperature and precipitation) on mass loss (after 3 months and 1 year) of two standardized litters: high-quality green tea and low-quality rooibos tea. Across continents, we found that early-stage decomposition of the low-quality rooibos tea was influenced locally by overstory tree identity. Mass loss of rooibos litter was higher under young gymnosperm overstories compared to angiosperm overstories, but this trend reversed with age of the experiment. Tree species richness did not influence decomposition and explained almost no variation in our multi-continent dataset. Hence, in the young plantations of our study, overstory composition effects on decomposition were mainly driven by tree species identity on decomposer communities and forest microclimates. After 12 months of incubation, mass loss of the high-quality green tea litter was mainly influenced by temperature whereas the low-quality rooibos tea litter decomposition showed stronger relationships with overstory composition and stand age. Our findings highlight that decomposition dynamics are not only affected by climate but also by management options, via litter quality of the identity of planted trees but also by overstory composition and structure.

Published
2023

16. Handbook of field sampling for multi-taxon biodiversity studies in European forests

Author

Thibault Lachat, Mariana Ujházyová, Kadri Runnel, Péter Ódor, Nathalie Korboulewsky, Inken Doerfler, Thomas Campagnaro, Miroslav Svoboda, Ettore D'Andrea, Francesco Chianucci, Fotios Xystrakis, Peter Schall, Itziar García-Mijangos, Pallieter De Smedt, Kris Vandekerkhove, Radim Matula, Rosana López, Alessandro Campanaro, Silvana Munzi, Johannes Penner, Anders Mårell, Flóra Tinya, Philippe Janssen, Réka Aszalós, Sabina Burrascano, Dinka Matošević, Jeňýk Hofmeister, Tommaso Sitzia, Martin Mikoláš, Giovanni Trentanovi, Yoan Paillet, Andrea Cutini, Simonetta Bagella, Meelis Pärtel, Asko Lõhmus, Björn Nordén, Gediminas Brazaitis, Jacob Heilmann-Clausen, Jan Hošek, Paolo Giordani, Kris Verheyen, Andrés Bravo-Oviedo, Sebastian Kepfer Rojas, Daniel Kozák, and European Commission

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, PROTOCOLS, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, MICROHABITATS, Evolution, Zoology and botany: 480 [VDP], Forest management, Sustainable forest management, biodiversity, field methods, multi-taxon, indicators, sampling protocol, forest stand structure, Biodiversity, DIVERSITY, General Decision Sciences, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, biodiversity, field methods, multi-taxon Indicators, sampling protocol, forest stand structure, Behavior and Systematics, ECOSYSTEMS, Indicators, Taxonomic rank, Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480 [VDP], Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, METAANALYSIS, QH540-549.5, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Tree canopy, Sampling protocol, Forest stand structure, Ecology, Agroforestry, SPECIES RICHNESS, TEMPERATE, Sampling (statistics), 15. Life on land, Field methods, Multi-taxon, STANDARDIZED MEASUREMENT, Geography, Habitat, 13. Climate action, Sustainable management, Earth and Environmental Sciences, TRAITS, BRYOPHYTES
Abstract

Forests host most terrestrial biodiversity and their sustainable management is crucial to halt biodiversity loss. Although scientific evidence indicates that sustainable forest management (SFM) should be assessed by monitoring multi-taxon biodiversity, most current SFM criteria and indicators account only for trees or consider indirect biodiversity proxies. Several projects performed multi-taxon sampling to investigate the effects of forest management on biodiversity, but the large variability of their sampling approaches hampers the identification of general trends, and limits broad-scale inference for designing SFM. Here we address the need of common sampling protocols for forest structure and multi-taxon biodiversity to be used at broad spatial scales. We established a network of researchers involved in 41 projects on forest multi-taxon biodiversity across 13 European countries. The network data structure comprised the assessment of at least three taxa, and the measurement of forest stand structure in the same plots or stands. We mapped the sampling approaches to multi-taxon biodiversity, standing trees and deadwood, and used this overview to provide operational answers to two simple, yet crucial, questions: what to sample? How to sample? The most commonly sampled taxonomic groups are vascular plants (83% of datasets), beetles (80%), lichens (66%), birds (66%), fungi (61%), bryophytes (49%). They cover different forest structures and habitats, with a limited focus on soil, litter and forest canopy. Notwithstanding the common goal of assessing forest management effects on biodiversity, sampling approaches differed widely within and among taxonomic groups. Differences derive from sampling units (plots size, use of stand vs. plot scale), and from the focus on different substrates or functional groups of organisms. Sampling methods for standing trees and lying deadwood were relatively homogeneous and focused on volume calculations, but with a great variability in sampling units and diameter thresholds. We developed a handbook of sampling methods (SI 3) aimed at the greatest possible comparability across taxonomic groups and studies as a basis for European-wide biodiversity monitoring programs, robust understanding of biodiversity response to forest structure and management, and the identification of direct indicators of SFM., This review was funded by the EU Framework Programme Horizon 2020 through the COST Association: COST Action CA18207: BOTTOMSUP- Biodiversity Of Temperate forest Taxa Orienting Management Sustainability by Unifying Perspectives.

Published
2021

17. Ecosystem type drives tea litter decomposition and associated prokaryotic microbiome communities in freshwater and coastal wetlands at a continental scale

Author

Stacey M. Trevathan-Tackett, Ika Djukic, Tessa N.B. Roberts, Jeffrey J. Kelleway, Ben Taylor, Anne Watson, Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas, Jinquan Li, Anne Ola, Peter I. Macreadie, Jane Petch, Paul H. York, Elise Pendall, Inger Visby, Kristin I. Jinks, Maria Fernanda Adame, Rod M. Connolly, Aschwin H. Engelen, Allison Trethowan, Catherine E. Lovelock, Emma L. Jackson, and Lachlan Farrington

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, Marsh, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Fresh Water, Wetland, 010501 environmental sciences, Carbon sequestration, 01 natural sciences, Carbon cycle, Soil, Environmental Chemistry, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Abiotic component, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Tea, Ecology, Fresh water, Microbiota, Australia, food and beverages, 15. Life on land, Plant litter, Pollution, Carbon, 13. Climate action, Wetlands, Litter, Environmental science
Abstract

Wetland ecosystems are critical to the regulation of the global carbon cycle, and there is a high demand for data to improve carbon sequestration and emission models and predictions. Decomposition of plant litter is an important component of ecosystem carbon cycling, yet a lack of knowledge on decay rates in wetlands is an impediment to predicting carbon preservation. Here, we aim to fill this knowledge gap by quantifying the decomposition of standardised green and rooibos tea litter over one year within freshwater and coastal wetland soils across four climates in Australia. We also captured changes in the prokaryotic members of the tea-associated microbiome during this process. Ecosystem type drove differences in tea decay rates and prokaryotic microbiome community composition. Decomposition rates were up to 2-fold higher in mangrove and seagrass soils compared to freshwater wetlands and tidal marshes, in part due to greater leaching-related mass loss. For tidal marshes and freshwater wetlands, the warmer climates had 7-16% less mass remaining compared to temperate climates after a year of decomposition. The prokaryotic microbiome community composition was significantly different between substrate types and sampling times within and across ecosystem types. Microbial indicator analyses suggested putative metabolic pathways common across ecosystems were used to breakdown the tea litter, including increased presence of putative methylotrophs and sulphur oxidisers linked to the introduction of oxygen by root in-growth over the incubation period. Structural equation modelling analyses further highlighted the importance of incubation time on tea decomposition and prokaryotic microbiome community succession, particularly for rooibos tea that experienced a greater proportion of mass loss between three and twelve months compared to green tea. These results provide insights into ecosystem-level attributes that affect both the abiotic and biotic controls of belowground wetland carbon turnover at a continental scale, while also highlighting new decay dynamics for tea litter decomposing under longer incubations. UIDB/04326/2020/ CEECINST/00114/2018 info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Published
2021

18. Persistent land-use legacies increase small-scale diversity and strengthen vegetation–soil relationships on an unmanaged heathland

Author

Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas, Jonas Morsing, An De Schrijver, Inger Kappel Schmidt, and Kris Verheyen

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Land use, business.industry, Ecology, Niche differentiation, Plant community, Vegetation, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Nutrient, Geography, Agriculture, Grazing, Ecosystem, business, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Land-use legacies are recognized determinants of vegetation dynamics and plant community assembly. The duration of these legacies and how they influence the structure of vegetation communities developing naturally in nutrient-poor ecosystems is not well understood. Here, we focus on the effects of increased nutrient availability from previous agricultural practices on multiple vegetation properties in a heathland where agriculture and domestic grazing ceased near 1870 and 1895, respectively. We compared diversity, compositional and functional properties of the vegetation responses to land-use legacies in the soil between areas with different agricultural histories (previously cultivated vs. uncultivated). Diversity measures were found to be higher in the previously cultivated soils. β-diversity was mainly driven by changes in species relative cover and increased with increasing nutrient availability in the cultivated area. Furthermore, functional traits related to nutrient acquisition (SLA and Leaf Nitrogen content) and the changes in vegetation composition were directly linked to soil properties only in the previously cultivated part of the heathland. Together these results revealed a shift to a deterministic control of the plant community, where increased nutrient availability leads to stronger associations between soil and vegetation properties. This suggests that as nutrients become available, niche differentiation and competitive interactions become the predominant underlying mechanisms structuring the community. Our study shows that land-use legacies of moderate intensity can alter the assembly mechanisms and diversity patterns in unmanaged vegetation that can be maintained after more than a century since cessation of agricultural practice. Identifying land-use legacies and understanding how they structure heathland communities can thus lead to management decisions adapted to the specific assembly mechanisms and result in a more effective management.

Published
2019

19. Weak but persistent provenance effects modulate the response of Quercus robur (Fagaceae) seedlings to elevated temperature

Author

Sumitra Dewan, Pieter De Frenne, Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas, Safaa Wasof, Kristine Mijnsbrugge, and Kris Verheyen

Subjects
bepress|Life Sciences|Ecology and Evolutionary Biology|Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology, bepress|Life Sciences, food and beverages, bepress|Life Sciences|Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
Abstract

Background and aims Clinal variation in bud phenology and growth has repeatedly been reported in common garden experiments for many tree species. The response of the seedlings generated from such translocated trees has not been studied yet, despite its relevance regarding the role of transgenerational plasticity in the adaptation of long-living trees in the face of climate change. Here, we aim to understand the effects of warming on bud burst, germination success and growth performance of tree seedlings of different origins (provenances) but that shared their maternal environment. Methods We collected seeds from a mature provenance trial of five different provenances of oak (Quercus robur, Fagaceae) and seeds were grown in two common gardens at two different latitudes representing a mean annual temperature difference of nearly 2°C in Belgium and Denmark. We assessed seed germination, bud burst time and biomass of seedlings in two common gardens. Results We observed an interaction between provenances and common gardens in seedlings’ bud burst time indicating the prevalence of an environmental effect at the site of origin (provenance), which depends on the seedlings’ growing environment (across the two common gardens). The germination success and shoot biomass were reduced across all provenances in the southern common garden. Conclusions Our results indicate that the environment of origin influences the bud phenology of seedlings and this provenance effect is dependent on the seedlings’ growing environment. In addition, our results suggest that the effect of warming might differ between provenances and that the environmental history of the previous generations is likely to influence the response of tree seedlings as well.

Published
2021

20. Late-spring frost risk between 1959 and 2017 decreased in North America but increased in Europe and Asia

Author

Peter B. Reich, Frederik Baumgarten, Hyun-Seok Kim, Sergio de-Miguel, Andrzej M. Jagodziński, Pascal A. Niklaus, Mohammed Latif Khan, Diana Laarmann, Yann Vitasse, Lidong Mo, Hans Pretzsch, Xiuhai Zhao, Gert-Jan Nabuurs, Jean-François Bastin, Urs-Beat Brändli, Jingjing Liang, Radomir Bałazy, Jens-Christian Svenning, Han Y. H. Chen, Thomas W. Crowther, Blas M. Benito, Purabi Saikia, Constantin M. Zohner, Giorgio Alberti, Vladimír Šebeň, Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas, Peter Schall, Lorenzo Frizzera, Bogdan Jaroszewicz, Emil Cienciala, Elena B. Tikhonova, Helder Viana, Chunyu Zhang, Henn Korjus, Tommaso Jucker, Alain Paquette, Tom M. Fayle, Clara Antón-Fernández, Damiano Gianelle, Selvadurai Dayanandan, Vivian Kvist Johannsen, Chelsea Chisholm, Miroslav Svoboda, Susanne S. Renner, Veronica Sebald, Alejandro Ordonez, Tomasz Zawila-Niedzwiecki, and Mait Lang

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Asia, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Land management, Forests, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Spring leaf out, Shrubland, Trees, Spatio-Temporal Analysis, Settore BIO/07 - ECOLOGIA, Temperate climate, Climate change, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Vegetatie, Vegetation, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Resistance (ecology), Ecology, Phenology, Temperature, Temperate forest, 15. Life on land, Biological Sciences, PE&RC, Cold Temperature, Europe, Plant Leaves, Late frost, Geography, Phenotype, Boreal, 13. Climate action, Frost, North America, Freezing damage, Spring leaf-out, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Seasons, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Late-spring frosts (LSFs) affect the performance of plants and animals across the world’s temperate and boreal zones, but despite their ecological and economic impact on agriculture and forestry, the geographic distribution and evolutionary impact of these frost events are poorly understood. Here, we analyze LSFs between 1959 and 2017 and the resistance strategies of Northern Hemisphere woody species to infer trees’ adaptations for minimizing frost damage to their leaves and to forecast forest vulnerability under the ongoing changes in frost frequencies. Trait values on leaf-out and leaf-freezing resistance come from up to 1,500 temperate and boreal woody species cultivated in common gardens. We find that areas in which LSFs are common, such as eastern North America, harbor tree species with cautious (late-leafing) leaf-out strategies. Areas in which LSFs used to be unlikely, such as broad-leaved forests and shrublands in Europe and Asia, instead harbor opportunistic tree species (quickly reacting to warming air temperatures). LSFs in the latter regions are currently increasing, and given species’ innate resistance strategies, we estimate that ∼35% of the European and ∼26% of the Asian temperate forest area, but only ∼10% of the North American, will experience increasing late-frost damage in the future. Our findings reveal region-specific changes in the spring-frost risk that can inform decision-making in land management, forestry, agriculture, and insurance policy.

Published
2020

21. Effects of ash application on nutrient and heavy metal fluxes in the soil and soil solution in a Norway spruce plantation in Denmark

Author

Simon Skov, Mette Hansen, Morten Ingerslev, Peter Holm, Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas, and Per Eduard Robert Bjerager

Subjects
Soil test, media_common.quotation_subject, Forestry, Wood ash, Heavy metals, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 01 natural sciences, Metal, Speciation, Nutrient, visual_art, Soil pH, Environmental chemistry, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, visual_art.visual_art_medium, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Soil solution, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nature and Landscape Conservation, media_common
Abstract

Wood ash application is used in forests to counteract nutrient losses and acidification due to intensified harvesting methods, where harvest residues are removed. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of ash application at doses of 0, 3, 4.5 and 6 Mg ha−1 with three replicates on soil and soil solution chemical properties in a mature Norway spruce plantation in Denmark from 2014 to 2017. Un-replicated extreme scenarios of 15 and 30 Mg ha−1 were included. Soil solution from 15 to 60 cm depth were sampled each month over a period of 2 years and 9 months after ash application and soil samples were obtained after 2.5 years. The fluxes of nutrients and heavy metals through the soil were calculated based on water fluxes modelled with CoupModel. Geochemical modelling was applied on selected soil solution data to investigate changes in heavy metal complexation and mobility. Application of ash to forest soil increased both soil pH and nutrient concentrations in the O-horizon but not in the mineral soil. No changes were detected in the soil solution chemistry or in the speciation of heavy metal at doses ranging up to 30 Mg ha−1, and there was therefore no change in the mobility of metals caused by ash application. The un-replicated extreme scenario suggested that the O-horizon concentration of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu and Zn could increase proportionally with increasing ash application dose, while no indications of changes in the mineral soil below 5 cm could be seen. Among the experimentally replicated treatments, only the Cd concentration at dose 6 Mg ha−1 exceeded the Danish legislation limits, in the O-horizon of 0.5 ppm.

Published
2018

22. Context-dependent tree species effects on soil nitrogen transformations and related microbial functional genes

Author

Relena R. Ribbons, Lars Vesterdal, Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas, Susan J. Grayston, Chatchai Kosawang, Morag McDonald, Cindy E. Prescott, Per Ambus, and Ole K. Hansen

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Nutrient cycle, Denitrification, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Denitrifying bacteria, Microbial population biology, Soil water, Botany, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental Chemistry, Nitrification, Ecosystem, Nitrogen cycle, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology
Abstract

Although it is generally accepted that tree species can influence nutrient cycling processes in soils, effects are not consistently found, nor are the mechanisms behind tree species effects well understood. Our objectives were to gain insights into the mechanism(s) underlying the effects of tree species on soil nitrogen cycling processes, and to determine the consistency of tree species effects across sites. We compared N cycling in soils beneath six tree species (ash, sycamore maple, lime, beech, pedunculate oak, Norway spruce) in common garden experiments planted 42 years earlier at three sites in Denmark with distinct land-use histories (forest and agriculture). We measured: (1) net and gross rates of N transformations using the 15N isotope pool-dilution method, (2) soil microbial community composition through qPCR of fungal ITS, bacterial and archaeal 16S, and (3) abundance of functional genes associated with N cycling processes—for nitrification the archaeal and bacterial ammonia-monooxygenase genes (amoA AOA and amoA AOB, respectively) and for denitrification, the nitrate reductase genes nirK and nirS. Carbon concentrations were higher in soils under spruce than under broadleaves, so N transformation rates were standardized per g soil C. Soil NH4+ parameters (gross ammonification, gross NH4+ consumption, net ammonification (net immobilization in this case), and NH4+ concentrations, per g C) were all lowest in soils under spruce. Soils under spruce also had the lowest gene abundance of bacteria, bacterial:fungal ratio, denitrifying microorganisms, ammonia-oxidizing archaea and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. Differences in N-cycling processes and organisms among the five broadleaf species were smaller. The ‘spruce effect’ on soil microbes and N transformations appeared to be driven by its acidifying effect on soil and tighter N cycling, which occurred at the previously forested sites but not at the previously agricultural site. We conclude that existing characteristics of soils, including those resulting from previous land use, mediate the effects of tree species on the soil microbial communities and activities that determine rates of N-cycling processes.

Published
2018

23. Fertilization effects on biomass production, nutrient leaching and budgets in four stand development stages of short rotation forest poplar

Author

Anders Taeroe, Weiya Zhang, Inge Stupak, Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas, Karsten Raulund-Rasmussen, Rodrigo Pinheiro Bastos, and Petros Georgiadis

Subjects
Stand development, 020209 energy, Lag, chemistry.chemical_element, Forestry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Nitrogen, Human fertilization, Nutrient, Agronomy, chemistry, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Temperate climate, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Arable land, Leaching (agriculture), Nature and Landscape Conservation
Abstract

Dedicated energy poplar plantations have a high biomass production potential in temperate regions, which may be further increased by improved management practices. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of fertilization on short rotation forest poplar established on former arable land. We examined the effects on biomass production, net nutrient uptake in stems and branches, nutrient leaching fluxes and changes to the nutrient budgets calculated as inputs minus outputs. An experiment was carried out in four stands of different development stages, the establishment (EST), canopy-closure (CC), pre-thinning (PT), and late aggradation (LAG) stage. After fertilizing with NPK12-5-14 corresponding to 120 kg ha−1 of N we measured the biomass production during three years and analysed biomass samples to assess the net nutrient uptake in stems and branches. We estimated nutrient leaching based on water fluxes modelled with CoupModel and soil solution analyses and calculated the nutrient budgets. Fertilization effects depended on the stage of stand development, but were inconsistent in time. The biomass production increased in EST in the first year after fertilization and in PT in the third year after fertilization, relative to the control. There were no effects in CC and LAG. Nitrogen leaching at 0.9-m depth ranged between 3 and 14 kg ha−1 yr−1 in the control plots of EST and PT and it was negligible in the CC stand. Nitrogen leaching doubled in EST in the year of fertilization with values up to 28 kg ha−1 yr−1 and it tripled in PT in the second year after fertilization, compared to the control. Budgets of N, P and K were negative in all unfertilized and some fertilized treatments, indicating that fertilization may be required to adequately sustain soil nutrient supply in the long term, as large amounts of nutrients will be removed when the biomass is harvested.

Published
2017

24. Correction to: Harmonised projections of future forest resources in Europe

Author

Andis Lazdins, Torgny Lind, Isabel Cañellas, David Ross, Catalin Calota, Ainars Lupikis, Dragan Borota, Leónia Nunes, Gheorghe Marin, Pál Kovácsevics, Kristaps Makovskis, Claire Bastick, Renats Trubins, Ben Ditchburn, Joerg Roessiger, Ambros Berger, Susann Bender, Maria Rizzo, Antoine Colin, Francisco Castro Rego, Markus Lier, François Morneau, Allan Sims, Thomas Gschwantner, Mikhail Pitchugin, Clara Antón-Fernández, Mitja Skudnik, László Kolozs, Vladimír Šebeň, Miroslav Zeman, Golo Stadelmann, Klemens Schadauer, Damjan Pantic, Radim Adolt, Gintaras Kulbokas, Iciar Alberdi, Monica Notarangelo, Esther Thürig, Lesley Halsall, Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas, Patrizia Gasparini, Justin Gilbert, Jérôme Perin, John Redmond, Philippe Lejeune, Kinga Nagy, Dóra Nagy, Patricia Adame, György Solti, Mark Twomey, Jari Vauhkonen, Michal Bosela, Vivian Kvist Johannsen, and Tuula Packalen

Subjects
Forest resource, Geography, Ecology, business.industry, Section (typography), Forest management, Environmental resource management, Table (landform), Forestry, business
Abstract

The original article was erroneously published without applying all the provided proof corrections in Section 5 and Table 1.

Published
2019

25. Harmonised projections of future forest resources in Europe

Author

Andis Lazdins, Patrizia Gasparini, Vivian Kvist Johannsen, Tuula Packalen, Clara Antón-Fernández, Kinga Nagy, Gheorghe Marin, Iciar Alberdi, Dóra Nagy, Susann Bender, Klemens Schadauer, David Ross, Torgny Lind, Catalin Calota, Ben Ditchburn, Markus Lier, Justin Gilbert, Ainars Lupikis, Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas, John Redmond, Lesley Halsall, Mikhail Pitchugin, Patricia Adame, Michal Bosela, Mitja Skudnik, Philippe Lejeune, Renats Trubins, Jérôme Perin, Miroslav Zeman, François Morneau, Allan Sims, Monica Notarangelo, Mark Twomey, Radim Adolt, Jari Vauhkonen, Maria Rizzo, Dragan Borota, Leónia Nunes, Vladimír Šebeň, Damjan Pantic, Francisco Castro Rego, Golo Stadelmann, László Kolozs, Esther Thürig, Ambros Berger, György Solti, Joerg Roessiger, Thomas Gschwantner, Gintaras Kulbokas, Pál Kovácsevics, Antoine Colin, Isabel Cañellas, Kristaps Makovskis, Claire Bastick, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), and Institut National de l'Information Géographique et Forestière [IGN] (IGN)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Forest management, National forest inventory, USable, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, National Forest Inventory, Modelling, modelling, Research article, Biomass, Ecology, biomass, business.industry, VDP::Landbruks- og Fiskerifag: 900, carbon, Environmental resource management, Forestry, 15. Life on land, Wood supply, Policy analysis, simulation, Carbon, Metadata, wood supply, Geography, Forest resource, business, Simulation, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

• Key message A dataset of forest resource projections in 23 European countries to 2040 has been prepared for forest-related policy analysis and decision-making. Due to applying harmonised definitions, while maintaining country-specific forestry practices, the projections should be usable from national to international levels. The dataset can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.4t880qh . The associated metadata are available at https://metadata-afs.nancy.inra.fr/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/8f93e0d6-b524-43bd-bdb8-621ad5ae6fa9 .

Published
2019

26. Interactive effects of land-use history, tree encroachment and distance to edge on species richness in an unmanaged heathland

Author

Inger Kappel Schmidt, Torben Riis-Nielsen, Christian Damgaard, and Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Driving factors, Ecology, Land use, ved/biology, ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, food and beverages, Vegetation, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Herbaceous plant, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Shrub, Nutrient, Colonization, Species richness, 010606 plant biology & botany, Nature and Landscape Conservation
Abstract

Questions How do land-use legacies, tree encroachment and distance to the edge interact to determine species richness patterns in the ground vegetation of an unmanaged heathland? What are the direct and indirect effects of these factors? Do different functional groups respond differently to these factors? Location Norholm heathland, southwest Denmark. Methods We recorded the overstorey and ground vegetation along with environmental variables in 129 plots on a 350 ha heathland where management ceased more than 100 yrs ago. We used structural equation models (SEM) to examine the relationship between species richness of functional groups (herbs, dwarf shrubs and tree seedlings) and ground vegetation cover, overstorey development, distance to the edge and nutrient availability. Results The relative importance of the driving factors differed between functional groups. Herb richness increased with increasing nutrient availability from previous land use and decreased with overstorey development. Dwarf shrub richness responded negatively to overstorey development and herb cover. In contrast, species richness of tree seedlings responded strongly and positively to overstorey development but not to environmental variables or ground vegetation. In general, the effect of nutrient availability and distance to the edge were of similar magnitude and were largely mediated by the overstorey and ground vegetation. Conclusions Land-use legacies and tree encroachment can have differential effects on the species richness of different functional groups. Typical heathland dwarf shrubs were able to withstand moderate levels of increased nutrient availability and tree colonization. However, the combination of these factors poses a serious threat, as dwarf shrub richness decreased due to an increase in the cover of herbaceous species and light limitation. The absence of management did not lead to a rapid loss of typical heathland species.

Published
2016

27. Forest management affects crane fly (Tipuloidea) community structure through changes in edaphic conditions

Author

Thomas Pape, Torben Riis-Nielsen, Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas, Inger Kappel Schmidt, Aslak Kappel Hansen, Mathias Just Justesen, and David Bille Byriel

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, biology, Range (biology), Ecology, Forest management, Community structure, Forestry, Edaphic, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Geography, Abundance (ecology), Tipuloidea, Crane fly, Species richness, 010606 plant biology & botany, Nature and Landscape Conservation
Abstract

Abandonment of forest management is considered beneficial to a wide range of taxa, but evidence is lacking for many species, particularly soil-inhabiting taxa. We investigated the effects of forest management on crane fly (Tipuloidea) community structure and composition in seven forest sites in eastern Denmark. Crane flies were collected along with edaphic and structural variables in managed and unmanaged stands using a pairwise experimental design. Species richness of crane flies was significantly higher in unmanaged stands, also when excluding saproxylic species. Moisture, nitrogen and pH of soil had strong positive effects on species richness, and the observed differences between management regimes were mainly explained by soil moisture. Similarly, abundance was significantly higher in unmanaged stands and was positively associated with moisture and pH of soil. Species composition differed significantly between managed and unmanaged stands in four of the seven sites. Management had a small but significant effect on species composition on a large geographical scale, while the geographic location of the site had larger effects. Based on our findings, we recommend that future designations of unmanaged forest sites consider edaphic conditions as well as the geographic location. Further, forest conservation management should be focused on restoring natural moisture levels.

Published
2020

28. Vegetation development in a stormwater management system designed to enhance ecological qualities

Author

Rikke Juul Monberg, Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas, Hans Peter Ravn, Andy G. Howe, and Marina Bergen Jensen

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Ecology, fungi, Biodiversity, food and beverages, Soil Science, Forestry, Plant community, 010501 environmental sciences, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, Habitat, Environmental science, Forb, Dominance (ecology), Alpha diversity, Species richness, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Urban green areas can provide ecosystem services such as biodiversity conservation, recreational and educational services, and local climate regulation including stormwater management. Implementation of sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS) allows for development of designs targeting desired habitats or species groups. This study investigated short-term changes in a plant community following implementation of a SUDS designed to enhance nature quality of a 4.8 ha urban grassland in Lynge, Denmark. Dry basins allowed for water detention with construction entailing terrain modifications, seeding of target species and changes to water dynamics, resulting in four treatments differing in soil conditions and water regimes. Plant species richness and composition were documented before (2012) and two years after (2015 and 2016) implementation of the SUDS. A floral resources index was composed to assess the quality of the flora as foraging resource for four groups of bees. Plant species richness, alpha- and beta-diversity as well as frequency of target plant species significantly increased after SUDS construction, as did floral resources for bees. Increased alpha diversity was primarily seen in areas around dry basins, while the increase in overall beta-diversity related to a shift in plant community composition within dry basins. The SUDS construction also changed dominance relationships among plant groups as forb cover increased at the expense of grasses, and cover of seeded and post-construction naturally colonising species increased. Two years after construction this study confirms potentials of SUDS to enhance ecological value of urban grasslands, when targets for ecological enhancement are integrated in the SUDS design.

Published
2019

29. Ecogeographic patterns in a mainland-island system in Northern Europe as inferred from the rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) on Læsø island

Author

Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas, Alexey Solodovnikov, David Bille Byriel, Mathias Just Justesen, Aslak Kappel Hansen, and Jan Pedersen

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Mainland China, coleoptera, Fauna, Biology, Generalist and specialist species, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, staphylinidae, traits, Rove beetle, dispersal, eco-faunistic, Ecology, rove beetles, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ephemeral key, sweden, denmark, biology.organism_classification, colonization, læsø, baltic, Habitat, oceanic island, QL1-991, Insect Science, danish archipelago, Biological dispersal, Mainland, Zoology, generalists-specialists
Abstract

Rove beetles (Staphylinidae) are used to explore the forces that shaped the terrestrial fauna on Laeso, a young ca. 3000 year old Danish oceanic island located in the Kattegat strait between mainland Denmark and Sweden. We compile a detailed list of species of rove beetles for Laeso (328 species) and the surrounding Danish and Swedish regions (altogether 1075 species), which includes a standardized inventory of their body sizes, and the habitat and microhabitat preference of each species. The composition of the fauna on Laeso and adjacent mainland regions points to North-Eastern Jutland as the main source of the rove beetles on Laeso. Although large beetles are more active and likely to disperse than small beetles, there is no bias towards large species on the island indicating that the sea separating Laeso from the mainland has not been a barrier for rove beetle dispersal. The statistical analysis of the habitat and microhabitat preferences of the species of the entire system studied has shown that Laeso, compared to the mainland areas, is distinctly more dominated by ecological generalists, especially by species adapted to ephemeral, temporary humid microhabitats. Presumably, the mosaic of mostly dry open habitats available on Laeso filters for species, that are able to populate these suboptimal habitats via patches of humid but ephemeral microhabitats. A comprehensive eco-faunistic dataset for the Staphylinidae compiled for this study is the first modern account of the rove beetle fauna on the Danish island of Laeso.

Published
2018

30. Early stage litter decomposition across biomes

Author

Umberto Morra di Cella, Sean P. Charles, Matteo Gualmini, Naoko Tokuchi, Michael Mirtl, Marta Lobão Lopes, Takeshi Ise, Inmaculada García Quirós, Geovana Carreño-Rocabado, Arne Verstraeten, Joan-Albert Sanchez-Cabeza, Thomas Zechmeister, Jill Thompson, Norbert Hölzel, Maroof Hamid, Rodrigo Lemes Martins, Taiki Mori, José Marcelo Domingues Torezan, Dana Polyanskaya, Peter Haase, Björn Berg, Angela Stanisci, Issaka Senou, Inger Kappel Schmidt, Markus Wagner, Adriano Caliman, Laurel M. Brigham, Alejandro Valdecantos, Céline Meredieu, Kalifa Coulibaly, Margarida Santos-Reis, Georg Wohlfahrt, Regin Rønn, Marcello Tomaselli, Martin Weih, Bernd Ahrends, Kaie Kriiska, Anja Schmidt, Luciana S. Carneiro, Ana I. Lillebø, Alessandro Petraglia, Algirdas Augustaitis, Ana I. Sousa, Sonja Wipf, Chi-Ling Chen, Hassan Bismarck Nacro, Sue J. Milton, Ivan Mihal, Ika Djukic, Florence Maunoury-Danger, Peter Fleischer, Tatsuro Nakaji, Cendrine Mony, Sara Puijalon, Rafael D. Guariento, Rosa Isela Meneses, Mihai Pușcaș, Pablo Luis Peri, Flurin Sutter, Kate Lajtha, Peter B. Reich, Lindsey E. Rustad, María Guadalupe Almazán Torres, Laura Williams, George L. Vourlitis, Evanilde Benedito, Arely N. Palabral-Aguilera, Luis Villar, Stefanie Hoeber, Juan J. Jiménez, Esperança Gacia, Alba Gutiérrez-Girón, Kazuhiko Hoshizaki, Takanori Sato, Eric Lucot, Osvaldo Borges Pinto, Artur Stefanski, Andrew R. Smith, Takuo Hishi, Rosario G. Gavilán, Till Kleinebecker, Julia Seeber, Gina Arena, Marcelo Sternberg, Mo Jiangming, Tsutom Hiura, Satoshi N. Suzuki, Jeyanny Vijayanathan, Christine Delire, Francisco Cuesta, Bill Parker, Mark Frenzel, Franz Zehetner, Vincent Maire, Edward Crawford, Heinke Jäger, Nicolas Lecomte, Tanaka Kenta, Yuji Kominami, Joseph C. Morina, Paige E. Weber, Pavel Dan Turtureanu, Marc Lebouvier, Pascal Vittoz, Jónína Sigríður Þorláksdóttir, Anne Probst, David Fuentes Delgado, Laura Yahdjian, Johan Neirynck, Isaac Ahanamungu Makelele, Bernard Bosman, Fábio Padilha Bolzan, Yury Rozhkov, Ute Hamer, Henning Meesenburg, Vinicius F. Farjalla, Steffen Seitz, Marie-Noëlle Pons, Jess K. Zimmerman, Hans Verbeeck, Thomas Scholten, Elena Preda, Thomas Spiegelberger, Romain Georges, Stefan Löfgren, Ferdinand Kristöfel, Pierre Marmonier, Juha M. Alatalo, Katalin Szlavecz, Ana Carolina Ruiz Fernández, Johannes M. H. Knops, Rita Adrian, Vanessa Mendes Rêgo, Jean-Christophe Lata, Rafaella Canessa, Kathrin Käppeler, Andrea Fischer, Michael Bierbaumer, Jiří Doležal, Hideaki Shibata, Marcus Schaub, Zsolt Toth, Diyaa Radeideh, Matthew A. Vadeboncoeur, Robert Kanka, William H. McDowell, Birgit Sattler, Jean-Luc Probst, Mioko Ataka, Katarína Gerhátová, Jawad Shoqeir, Stefan Stoll, Michael Danger, Sébastien Gogo, Katja Tielbörger, Laryssa Helena Ribeiro Pazianoto, Bo Yang, Franco L. Souza, John Loehr, Francisco de Almeida Lobo, Michael J. Liddell, Sylvie Dousset, Dirk Wundram, Ralf Kiese, Yalin Hu, Miglena Zhiyanski, José-Luis Benito-Alonso, Katie A. Jennings, Tsutomu Enoki, Helena Cristina Serrano, Quentin Ponette, Helge Bruelheide, Simon Drollinger, Vincent Bretagnolle, Ivika Ostonen, Lambiénou Yé, Javier Roales, Philippe Choler, Madison Morley, Charles A. Nock, Grizelle González, Tudor-Mihai Ursu, Maaike Y. Bader, Cristina Branquinho, Hugo López Rosas, Nina V. Filippova, Erzsébet Hornung, Anzar A. Khuroo, Lourdes Morillas, Harald Auge, Andreas Bohner, Florian Kitz, Stephan Glatzel, Aurora Gaxiola, Marijn Bauters, Stefan Trogisch, Guylaine Canut, Oscar Romero, Hélène Verheyden, Yulia Zaika, Veronika Piscová, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Valentin H. Klaus, Elena Tropina, Michele Di Musciano, Marie-Andrée Giroux, Florian Hofhansl, Wenjun Zhou, Corinna Rebmann, Thomas J. Mozdzer, Zsolt Kotroczó, Evy Ampoorter, Michal Růžek, Jana Borovská, Jianwu Tang, Petr Petřík, Juan Dario Quinde, Simone Mereu, Esther Lévesque, Olga Ferlian, Veronika Fontana, Joël Merlet, Stacey M. Trevathan-Tackett, André-Jean Francez, Wentao Luo, Héctor Alejandro Bahamonde, Roberto Cazzolla Gatti, Brigitta Erschbamer, Christopher Andrews, Marie-Anne de Graaff, Martin Schädler, Luciano Di Martino, Verena Busch, Elli Groner, Victoria Carbonell, Michinari Matsushita, Maria Glushkova, Sarah Freda, Alain Paquette, Annie Ouin, Robert Weigel, Monique Carnol, Bohdan Juráni, Ian D. Yesilonis, Jean-Paul Theurillat, Hugo L. Rojas Villalobos, Alberto Humber, Martha Apple, Nico Eisenhauer, Claus Beier, Hermann F. Jungkunst, Hiroko Kurokawa, Nadia Barsoum, Thierry Camboulive, Klaus Steenberg Larsen, Frank Berninger, Laura Dienstbach, Yasuhiro Utsumi, Inara Melece, Felipe Varela, Sally Wittlinger, Christian Rixen, Valter Di Cecco, Anderson da Rocha Gripp, Marina Mazón, E. Carol Adair, Hanna Lee, István Fekete, Liesbeth van den Brink, José-Gilberto Cardoso-Mohedano, Ken Green, Heike Feldhaar, Jonathan von Oppen, Michele Carbognani, Lu Xiankai, Christophe Piscart, Fernando T. Maestre, Karibu Fukuzawa, Chiao-Ping Wang, Bart Muys, Lipeng Zhang, Harald Pauli, Inge van Halder, Carmen Eugenia Rodríguez Ortíz, Eduardo Ordóñez-Regil, Priscilla Muriel, Heather D. Alexander, Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas, Victoria Ochoa, Casper T. Christiansen, Mohammed Alsafran, Thaisa Sala Michelan, Christel Baum, Amélie Saillard, Hervé Jactel, Markus Didion, Evgeny A. Davydov, Sabyasachi Dasgupta, Anna Avila, Andrijana Andrić, Kris Verheyen, Jörg Löffler, Gisele Daiane Pinha, Anikó Seres, Jutta Stadler, Milan Barna, Andrey V. Malyshev, Rebecca E. Hewitt, Joh R. Henschel, Peter I. Macreadie, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Dept Forest & Water Management, Lab Forestry, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Centre for Forest Research (CFR), Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria = National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science [Leeds] (ICAS), School of Earth and Environment [Leeds] (SEE), University of Leeds-University of Leeds, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, European Forest Institute = Institut Européen de la Forêt = Euroopan metsäinstituutti (EFI), Institute of Information Engineering [Beijing] (IIE), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), University of Rostock, WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department Computational Hydrosystems [UFZ Leipzig], Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Département de chimie-biologie & Centre d’études nordiques [CANADA], Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), Area de Biodiversidad y Conservaciín, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos [Madrid] (URJC), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Institute of Soil Research, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Computational & Applied Vegetation Ecology (CAVElab), Department Community Ecology [UFZ Leipzig], University of Vienna [Vienna], Institut du Développement rural (IDR), Université Polytechnique Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso (UNB), Unité de recherche Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage (CEFS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Tohoku University [Sendai], Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences [Tartu], University of Tartu, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre alpien de Phytogéographie (CAP), Fondation Jean-Marcel Aubert, Inst Trop Ecosyst Studies, University of Puerto Rico (UPR), Universidad de Valladolid [Valladolid] (UVa), Mountain Agriculture Research Unit, Centre international de recherche-développement sur l'élevage en zone sub-humide (CIRDES), Centre Universitaire Polytechnique de Dédougou (CUP-D), Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo [Ouagadougou] (UJZK), USDA Forest Service, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologia = Pyrenean Institute of Ecology (IPE), Station Biologique de Paimpont CNRS UMR 6653 (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology [Zurich], Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Centre for Ecology - Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c) - Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Canada Research in Northern Biodiversity, Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Zone Atelier du Bassin de la Moselle [LTSER France] (ZAM), Department of Crop Production Ecology, University of Freiburg, Forest Research Institute- BAS, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Lab Plant & Microbial Ecol, Inst Bot B22, Université de Liège, Laboratoire Dynamique de la Biodiversité (LADYBIO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Leipzig University, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster = University of Münster (WWU), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya [Barcelona] (UPC), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Department of Limnology and Conservation, Senckenberg Research Institutes and Natural History Museums, Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung (IMK-IFU), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosystèmes Continentaux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Department of Science for Nature and Natural Resources, Università degli Studi di Sassari = University of Sassari [Sassari] (UNISS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Tomakomai Research Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], Bangor University, Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LTSER «Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sevre» [France], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Condensed Matter Theory Laboratory RIKEN (RIKEN), RIKEN - Institute of Physical and Chemical Research [Japon] (RIKEN), 730938, Biological Interactions Doctoral Programme, Secretaría de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación, 2/0101/18, Scientific Grant Agency VEGA, 2190, Fundación Charles Darwin, UID/AMB/50017, Centro de Estudos Ambientais e Marinhos, Universidade de Aveiro, ILTER Initiative Grant, ClimMani Short-Term Scientific Missions Grant, ES1308-231015-068365, Austrian Environment Agency, SFRH/BPD/107823/2015, Portuguese Foundation, DEB-1557009, NSF, UID/BIA/00329/2013, Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), University of Helsinki, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre alpien de Phytogéographie, Fondation J.-M. Aubert, Centre international de recherche-développement sur l'élevage en zone Subhumide (CIRDES), Centre international de recherche-développement sur l'élevage en zone Subhumide, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologia (IPE), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), University of Lisbon, Université de Leipzig, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), Université de Lausanne (UNIL), University of Sassari, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologìa = Pyrenean Institute of Ecology [Zaragoza] (IPE - CSIC), Université de Rennes (UR), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Météo France (FRANCE), UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Avalanche Research WSL, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences - Department of Forest Soils, Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Spanish National Institute for Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Science Politique Relations Internationales Territoire (SPIRIT), Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Rostock [Germany], Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Universiteit Gent [Ghent], Laboratoire de Comportement et d'Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage, INRA, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan cedex, France, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES), Universidad de Puerto Rico, Centre Universitaire Polytechnique de Dédougou, Université de Ouagadougou, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, IPE-CSIC, University of Zürich [Zürich] (UZH), LTSER Zone Atelier du Bassin de la Moselle, Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung (UFZ), Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Hokkaido University, Technische Universität Dresden (TUD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), LTSER Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre, Djukic I., Kepfer-Rojas S., Schmidt I.K., Larsen K.S., Beier C., Berg B., Verheyen K., Caliman A., Paquette A., Gutierrez-Giron A., Humber A., Valdecantos A., Petraglia A., Alexander H., Augustaitis A., Saillard A., Fernandez A.C.R., Sousa A.I., Lillebo A.I., da Rocha Gripp A., Francez A.-J., Fischer A., Bohner A., Malyshev A., Andric A., Smith A., Stanisci A., Seres A., Schmidt A., Avila A., Probst A., Ouin A., Khuroo A.A., Verstraeten A., Palabral-Aguilera A.N., Stefanski A., Gaxiola A., Muys B., Bosman B., Ahrends B., Parker B., Sattler B., Yang B., Jurani B., Erschbamer B., Ortiz C.E.R., Christiansen C.T., Carol Adair E., Meredieu C., Mony C., Nock C.A., Chen C.-L., Wang C.-P., Baum C., Rixen C., Delire C., Piscart C., Andrews C., Rebmann C., Branquinho C., Polyanskaya D., Delgado D.F., Wundram D., Radeideh D., Ordonez-Regil E., Crawford E., Preda E., Tropina E., Groner E., Lucot E., Hornung E., Gacia E., Levesque E., Benedito E., Davydov E.A., Ampoorter E., Bolzan F.P., Varela F., Kristofel F., Maestre F.T., Maunoury-Danger F., Hofhansl F., Kitz F., Sutter F., Cuesta F., de Almeida Lobo F., de Souza F.L., Berninger F., Zehetner F., Wohlfahrt G., Vourlitis G., Carreno-Rocabado G., Arena G., Pinha G.D., Gonzalez G., Canut G., Lee H., Verbeeck H., Auge H., Pauli H., Nacro H.B., Bahamonde H.A., Feldhaar H., Jager H., Serrano H.C., Verheyden H., Bruelheide H., Meesenburg H., Jungkunst H., Jactel H., Shibata H., Kurokawa H., Rosas H.L., Rojas Villalobos H.L., Yesilonis I., Melece I., Van Halder I., Quiros I.G., Makelele I., Senou I., Fekete I., Mihal I., Ostonen I., Borovska J., Roales J., Shoqeir J., Lata J.-C., Theurillat J.-P., Probst J.-L., Zimmerman J., Vijayanathan J., Tang J., Thompson J., Dolezal J., Sanchez-Cabeza J.-A., Merlet J., Henschel J., Neirynck J., Knops J., Loehr J., von Oppen J., Thorlaksdottir J.S., Loffler J., Cardoso-Mohedano J.-G., Benito-Alonso J.-L., Torezan J.M., Morina J.C., Jimenez J.J., Quinde J.D., Alatalo J., Seeber J., Stadler J., Kriiska K., Coulibaly K., Fukuzawa K., Szlavecz K., Gerhatova K., Lajtha K., Kappeler K., Jennings K.A., Tielborger K., Hoshizaki K., Green K., Ye L., Pazianoto L.H.R., Dienstbach L., Williams L., Yahdjian L., Brigham L.M., van den Brink L., Rustad L., Zhang L., Morillas L., Xiankai L., Carneiro L.S., Di Martino L., Villar L., Bader M.Y., Morley M., Lebouvier M., Tomaselli M., Sternberg M., Schaub M., Santos-Reis M., Glushkova M., Torres M.G.A., Giroux M.-A., de Graaff M.-A., Pons M.-N., Bauters M., Mazon M., Frenzel M., Didion M., Wagner M., Hamid M., Lopes M.L., Apple M., Schadler M., Weih M., Gualmini M., Vadeboncoeur M.A., Bierbaumer M., Danger M., Liddell M., Mirtl M., Scherer-Lorenzen M., Ruzek M., Carbognani M., Di Musciano M., Matsushita M., Zhiyanski M., Puscas M., Barna M., Ataka M., Jiangming M., Alsafran M., Carnol M., Barsoum N., Tokuchi N., Eisenhauer N., Lecomte N., Filippova N., Holzel N., Ferlian O., Romero O., Pinto O.B., Peri P., Weber P., Vittoz P., Turtureanu P.D., Fleischer P., Macreadie P., Haase P., Reich P., Petrik P., Choler P., Marmonier P., Muriel P., Ponette Q., Guariento R.D., Canessa R., Kiese R., Hewitt R., Ronn R., Adrian R., Kanka R., Weigel R., Gatti R.C., Martins R.L., Georges R., Meneses R.I., Gavilan R.G., Dasgupta S., Wittlinger S., Puijalon S., Freda S., Suzuki S., Charles S., Gogo S., Drollinger S., Mereu S., Wipf S., Trevathan-Tackett S., Lofgren S., Stoll S., Trogisch S., Hoeber S., Seitz S., Glatzel S., Milton S.J., Dousset S., Mori T., Sato T., Ise T., Hishi T., Kenta T., Nakaji T., Michelan T.S., Camboulive T., Mozdzer T.J., Scholten T., Spiegelberger T., Zechmeister T., Kleinebecker T., Hiura T., Enoki T., Ursu T.-M., di Cella U.M., Hamer U., Klaus V.H., Rego V.M., Di Cecco V., Busch V., Fontana V., Piscova V., Carbonell V., Ochoa V., Bretagnolle V., Maire V., Farjalla V., Zhou W., Luo W., McDowell W.H., Hu Y., Utsumi Y., Kominami Y., Zaika Y., Rozhkov Y., Kotroczo Z., Toth Z., and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)

Subjects
DYNAMICS, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Biome, Biochimie, Biologie Moléculaire, Carbon turnover, 01 natural sciences, CARBON, Waste Management and Disposal, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, CLIMATE-CHANGE, биомы, Tea bag, Green tea, Rooibos tea, Carbon turnover, TeaComposition initiative, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Pollution, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Terrestrial ecosystem, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Biologie, TRAITS, Rooibos tea, IMPACTS, Environmental Engineering, почвенные процессы, chemistry.chemical_element, Climate change, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, Ingénierie de l'environnement, Green tea, Tea bag, TeaComposition initiative, Ecology and Environment, Atmosphere, подстилки, Environmental Chemistry, Ecosystem, RATES, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, оборот углерода, Science & Technology, Tea composition initiative, FEEDBACK, 15. Life on land, Decomposition, влияние климата, TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS, MODEL, экосистемы, chemistry, 13. Climate action, PATTERNS, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Litter, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie::577 Ökologie, Carbon, Environmental Sciences
Abstract

Through litter decomposition enormous amounts of carbon is emitted to the atmosphere. Numerous large-scale decomposition experiments have been conducted focusing on this fundamental soil process in order to understand the controls on the terrestrial carbon transfer to the atmosphere. However, previous studies were mostly based on site-specific litter and methodologies, adding major uncertainty to syntheses, comparisons and meta-analyses across different experiments and sites. In the TeaComposition initiative, the potential litter decomposition is investigated by using standardized substrates (Rooibos and Green tea) for comparison of litter mass loss at 336 sites (ranging from -9 to +26 °C MAT and from 60 to 3113 mm MAP) across different ecosystems. In this study we tested the effect of climate (temperature and moisture), litter type and land-use on early stage decomposition (3 months) across nine biomes. We show that litter quality was the predominant controlling factor in early stage litter decomposition, which explained about 65% of the variability in litter decomposition at a global scale. The effect of climate, on the other hand, was not litter specific and explained

Published
2018

31. Indirect effects of land-use legacies determine tree colonization patterns in abandoned heathland

Author

Inger Kappel Schmidt, Vivian Kvist Johannsen, Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas, and Kris Verheyen

Subjects
Abiotic component, Canopy, Ecology, ved/biology, media_common.quotation_subject, ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, food and beverages, Ecological succession, Vegetation, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Biology, biology.organism_classification, Shrub, Competition (biology), Deschampsia flexuosa, Colonization, Nature and Landscape Conservation, media_common
Abstract

Questions How do land-use legacies and distance to forest patches influence tree colonization at a post-agricultural heathland? Are colonizing species with different life-history traits affected differently by these factors? Is the effect of increased nutrient availability from land-use legacies mediated by the understorey vegetation? Location Norholm hede, a 350-ha heathland in southwest Denmark developing naturally after abandonment of traditional agricultural practices in 1895. Methods Using 140 plots (0.03 ha), we quantified the vegetation structure, soil properties and natural recruitment of tree/shrubs in the heathland. Further, we used high-resolution LiDAR data to classify the vegetation and identify forest patches. In the analysis, we first used a logistic mixed model to test whether colonization of tree and shrub species differed between areas with different land-use history and whether it was influenced by the distance to forest patches and life-history traits (seed mass) of colonizing species. Then, to determine how different factors influence colonization, we explored the direct and indirect relationships among nutrient availability, density of adult trees, canopy cover, cover of Deschampsia flexuosa and the probability of seedling colonization in each plot using a confirmatory multilevel path analysis. Results The probability of seedling colonization for small- and large-seeded species decreased with distance to forest patches. This response was more pronounced at the previously cultivated area. Multilevel path analysis showed that colonizing species with different life-history traits were affected by different factors. Small-seeded species were negatively affected by increased nutrient availability mediated by an increase in the cover of D. flexuosa. This effect was not found for large-seeded species. Moreover, the density of trees/shrubs (>2 m) increased the probability of colonization of small-seeded species, whereas higher canopy cover had a positive effect on large-seeded species. Conclusions Our analyses demonstrate that the interactions between abiotic factors, biotic interactions and life-history traits of colonizing species can lead to distinct patterns of tree colonization. Land-use legacies can have long-lasting, indirect effects on tree colonization by altering the composition of the understorey vegetation, which in turn can delay tree encroachment and slow down the succession from heathland to forest.

Published
2015

32. Hints for alternative stable states from long-term vegetation dynamics in an unmanaged heathland

Author

Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas, Torben Riis-Nielsen, Johannes Ransijn, Inger Kappel Schmidt, and Kris Verheyen

Subjects
Calluna, Ecology, biology, ved/biology, ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, Plant community, Molinia caerulea, Plant Science, Ecological succession, biology.organism_classification, Shrub, Alternative stable state, Dominance (ecology), Empetrum nigrum
Abstract

Questions How does heathland vegetation composition change during ca. 100 yr of succession in the absence of management? Is succession divergent or mono-directional? Do soil conditions and land-use history explain the variation in vegetation dynamics? Is there evidence for alternative stable states? Location Norholm hede, a 350-ha heathland in southwest Denmark that was abandoned in 1895 and left to develop naturally via succession. Methods Permanent vegetation inventory plots were established and have been revisited 11 times between 1921 and 2012. Soil conditions were recorded in 2012. We used clustering, linear mixed models, linear models, ANOVA and multivariate techniques (redundancy analysis and principal response curves) to investigate changes in the plant community and how differences in plant community composition related to soil conditions and disturbance history. Results Ericaceous dwarf shrubs dominated most of the heathland initially. A dominance shift from dwarf shrubs to grasses occurred on about half of the plots. The other half of the plots remained dominated by dwarf shrubs, although Empetrum nigrum expanded at the expense of Calluna vulgaris. Lichen cover decreased dramatically across all plots. The divergent successional pattern was not explained by nutrient concentrations. Grasses mainly expanded in areas where they already had a substantial presence, and this initial presence was largely correlated with historical soil disturbance. Plots where dwarf shrubs remained dominant had a relatively thick O-horizon. Conclusions Vegetation dynamics during heathland succession were not deterministically determined by soil conditions. Grass and tree expansion occurred slowly and dwarf shrub dominance was stable for more than 100 yr on large parts of the heath, even in the absence of management. Management actions that disturb stable dwarf shrub vegetation may enhance grass and tree colonization.

Published
2014

33. Distance to seed sources and land-use history affect forest development over a long-term heathland to forest succession

Author

Kris Verheyen, Torben Riis-Nielsen, Inger Kappel Schmidt, Johannes Ransijn, and Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas

Subjects
Secondary succession, Ecology, ved/biology, ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, Community structure, food and beverages, Plant community, Plant Science, Ecological succession, Biology, Shrub, Spatial ecology, Biological dispersal, Species richness
Abstract

Questions Is there a spatial pattern in the community structure (stem densities, species richness and species composition) of trees and shrubs during more than 100 yr of heathland to forest succession? To what extent is community structure influenced by land-use history and distance to seed sources? Do these effects change in time? Location A 350-ha heathland (Norholm) in southwest Denmark was abandoned in 1895 and left for free succession. Prior to abandonment the heathland was under traditional management for centuries. Method Trees and shrubs were recorded and measured in ten surveys spanning 91 yr (1921–2012). In the first nine surveys, complete censuses were used, whereas 116 randomly placed plots (10-m radius) were used in the most recent survey. We used mixed models and different multivariate techniques (non-metric multidimensional scaling and permutational multivariate ANOVA) to analyse spatio-temporal patterns in stem densities, species richness and species composition and the effects of land-use history and distance to seed sources. Results Tree and shrub densities increased exponentially over time and were consistently lower at longer distance from seed sources. Land-use history affected the rate of increase in tree densities, with lower encroachment rates at previously cultivated soils. Initially, species richness increased rapidly but leveled off in later successional stages. Richness was marginally higher at areas closer to seed sources, whereas it was not affected by land-use history. The succession showed a shift from early to mid-successional species over time; but distance to seed source determined which species were colonizing at early stages. Conclusion Distance to seed source and land-use history can differentially affect the structure and spatial patterns of developing forest communities. Although both factors had long-lasting effects on rates of colonization, the spatial patterns of colonization and species composition were mainly determined by distance to seed sources. The importance of distance to seed sources became less over time, suggesting that dispersal is a stronger driver at early stages. After more than a century since abandonment, forest covers

Published
2014

36. Skovstruktur i urørt og forstligt drevet skov

Author

Sebastian Kepfer Rojas, Torben Riis-Nielsen, Inger Kappel Schmidt, David Bille Byriel, Mathias Just Justesen, Allan Overgaard Nielsen, Morten Alban Knudsen, and Vivian Kvist Johannsen

38. Anthropogenic Impacts Allowed for the Invasion of Understory Species, Affecting the Sustainability of Management Practices in Southern Patagonia

Author

Yamina Micaela Rosas, Pablo Luis Peri, Juan Manuel Cellini, María V. Lencinas, Sebastian Kepfer Rojas, Inger Kappel Schmidt, Sebastián Pechar, Marcelo Daniel Barrera, and Guillermo J. Martínez Pastur

Subjects
forest resilience, invasive species, land use, silvopastoral systems, harvesting, ranching, Agriculture
Abstract

Forest management aims to preserve integrity and ecosystem resilience. Conservation and species invasion patterns must be determined in managed landscapes. The objectives of this study were to identify proxies that allowed plant species invasion (natives and exotics) and define thresholds of human impacts to improve management. We also wanted to identify indicator species for different impacts and environments. A total of 165 plots were measured in Nothofagus antarctica forests and associated open lands (dry and wet grasslands) in Tierra del Fuego (Argentina). We found differences in the studied variables across the landscape and among different uses and impacts. Human impacts influence land types, emphasizing the importance of managing intensities. Indicator plant species allowed for the identification of potential ecological thresholds related to human impacts and the establishment of species linked to ecological and economic degradation, e.g., Bolax gummifera and Azorella trifurcata (cushion plants) were associated with high grazing pressure in grasslands and fires in forested areas, while Rumex acetosella and Achillea millefolium (erect herbs), typically associated with forested areas, were related to high harvesting pressures and fire impacts. These findings contribute to our understanding of the long-term effects of some human impacts (e.g., harvesting and ranching) and allow us to define variables of monitoring and indicator species for each impact type.

Published
2024
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39. Handbook of field sampling for multi-taxon biodiversity studies in European forests

Author

Sabina Burrascano, Giovanni Trentanovi, Yoan Paillet, Jacob Heilmann-Clausen, Paolo Giordani, Simonetta Bagella, Andrés Bravo-Oviedo, Thomas Campagnaro, Alessandro Campanaro, Francesco Chianucci, Pallieter De Smedt, Itziar García-Mijangos, Dinka Matošević, Tommaso Sitzia, Réka Aszalós, Gediminas Brazaitis, Andrea Cutini, Ettore D'Andrea, Inken Doerfler, Jeňýk Hofmeister, Jan Hošek, Philippe Janssen, Sebastian Kepfer Rojas, Nathalie Korboulewsky, Daniel Kozák, Thibault Lachat, Asko Lõhmus, Rosana Lopez, Anders Mårell, Radim Matula, Martin Mikoláš, Silvana Munzi, Björn Nordén, Meelis Pärtel, Johannes Penner, Kadri Runnel, Peter Schall, Miroslav Svoboda, Flóra Tinya, Mariana Ujházyová, Kris Vandekerkhove, Kris Verheyen, Fotios Xystrakis, and Péter Ódor

Subjects
Biodiversity, Field methods, Multi-taxon, Indicators, Sampling protocol, Forest stand structure, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract

Forests host most terrestrial biodiversity and their sustainable management is crucial to halt biodiversity loss. Although scientific evidence indicates that sustainable forest management (SFM) should be assessed by monitoring multi-taxon biodiversity, most current SFM criteria and indicators account only for trees or consider indirect biodiversity proxies. Several projects performed multi-taxon sampling to investigate the effects of forest management on biodiversity, but the large variability of their sampling approaches hampers the identification of general trends, and limits broad-scale inference for designing SFM. Here we address the need of common sampling protocols for forest structure and multi-taxon biodiversity to be used at broad spatial scales. We established a network of researchers involved in 41 projects on forest multi-taxon biodiversity across 13 European countries. The network data structure comprised the assessment of at least three taxa, and the measurement of forest stand structure in the same plots or stands. We mapped the sampling approaches to multi-taxon biodiversity, standing trees and deadwood, and used this overview to provide operational answers to two simple, yet crucial, questions: what to sample? How to sample? The most commonly sampled taxonomic groups are vascular plants (83% of datasets), beetles (80%), lichens (66%), birds (66%), fungi (61%), bryophytes (49%). They cover different forest structures and habitats, with a limited focus on soil, litter and forest canopy. Notwithstanding the common goal of assessing forest management effects on biodiversity, sampling approaches differed widely within and among taxonomic groups. Differences derive from sampling units (plots size, use of stand vs. plot scale), and from the focus on different substrates or functional groups of organisms. Sampling methods for standing trees and lying deadwood were relatively homogeneous and focused on volume calculations, but with a great variability in sampling units and diameter thresholds. We developed a handbook of sampling methods (SI 3) aimed at the greatest possible comparability across taxonomic groups and studies as a basis for European-wide biodiversity monitoring programs, robust understanding of biodiversity response to forest structure and management, and the identification of direct indicators of SFM.

Published
2021
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