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673 results on '"Shao, Yaping"'

15. CFD simulation of the wind field over a terrain with sand fences: Critical spacing for the protected soil area

Author

Lima, Izael A., Parteli, Eric J. R., Shao, Yaping, Andrade Jr., José S., Herrmann, Hans J., and Araújo, Ascânio D.

Subjects
Physics - Fluid Dynamics
Abstract

Sand fences are often erected to reduce wind speed, prevent aeolian soil erosion, and induce sand deposition and dune formation in areas affected by sand encroachment and desertification. However, the search for the most efficient array of fences by means of field experiments alone poses a challenging task given that field experiments are affected by weather conditions. Here we apply Computational Fluid Dynamic simulations to investigate the three-dimensional structure of the turbulent wind field over an array of fences of different sizes, porosity and spacing. Our goal is to perform a quantitative analysis of this structure in the absence of saltation or suspension transport, as first step toward the development of a continuum simulation of the aeolian soil in presence of the fences. We find that the area of soil protected against direct aerodynamic entrainment has two regimes, depending on the spacing $L_x$ between the fences. When $L_x$ is smaller than a critical value $L_{xc}$, the wake zones associated with each fence are inter-connected (regime A), while these wake zones appear separated from each other (regime B) when $L_x$ exceeds this critical value of spacing. The system undergoes a second order phase transition at $L_x = L_{xc}$, with the cross-wind width of the protected zone scaling with $\left[{1-{L}_x}/{L}_{xc}\right]^\beta$ in regime A, with $\beta \approx 0.32$. Our findings have implication for a better understanding of aeolian transport in the presence of sand fences, as well as to develop optimization strategies for measures to protect soils from wind erosion., Comment: 35 pages, 13 figures

Published
2018

20. Fecal microbiota from patients with Parkinson's disease intensifies inflammation and neurodegeneration in A53T mice.

Author

Yang, Huijia, Shao, Yaping, Hu, Yiying, Qian, Jin, Wang, Panpan, Tian, Lulu, Ni, Yang, Li, Song, Al‐Nusaif, Murad, Liu, Cong, and Le, Weidong

Subjects
*INTESTINAL barrier function, *FECAL microbiota transplantation, *PARKINSON'S disease, *PATHOLOGICAL physiology, *GUT microbiome
Abstract

Aims: We evaluated the potential of Parkinson's disease (PD) fecal microbiota transplantation to initiate or exacerbate PD pathologies and investigated the underlying mechanisms. Methods: We transplanted the fecal microbiota from PD patients into mice by oral gavage and assessed the motor and intestinal functions, as well as the inflammatory and pathological changes in the colon and brain. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene sequencing combined with metabolomics analysis was conducted to assess the impacts of fecal delivery on the fecal microbiota and metabolism in recipient mice. Results: The fecal microbiota from PD patients increased intestinal inflammation, deteriorated intestinal barrier function, intensified microglia and astrocyte activation, abnormal deposition of α‐Synuclein, and dopaminergic neuronal loss in the brains of A53T mice. A mechanistic study revealed that the fecal microbiota of PD patients stimulated the TLR4/NF‐κB/NLRP3 pathway in both the brain and colon. Additionally, multiomics analysis found that transplantation of fecal microbiota from PD patients not only altered the composition of the gut microbiota but also influenced the fecal metabolic profile of the recipient mice. Conclusion: The fecal microbiota from PD patients intensifies inflammation and neurodegeneration in A53T mice. Our findings demonstrate that imbalance and dysfunction in the gut microbiome play significant roles in the development and advancement of PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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27. Using Iron Stable Isotopes to Quantify the Origins of the Cryoconite Iron Materials in Western China and Exploring Controlling Factors.

Author

Dong, Zhiwen, Wei, Ting, Parteli, Eric J. R., Liu, Xiaoli, Ren, Jiawen, and Shao, Yaping

Subjects
IRON isotopes, ANTHROPOGENIC effects on nature, BIOGEOCHEMICAL cycles, LIQUID fuels, ATMOSPHERIC deposition
Abstract

Iron (Fe) has profound impacts on Earth's ecosystem and global biogeochemical cycles. Fe deposited onto glacier surfaces reduces snow and ice albedo, thereby accelerating glacier melting, and supplying downstream ecosystems with dissolved Fe. However, the origins of atmospheric Fe deposition in glacier regions of western China remain unclear. This study presents novel insights into Fe isotopic composition (refer to δ56Fe) and origins, gained from geochemical analysis of large‐scale cryoconite samples collected from glaciers in western China, which encompass the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and the Tianshan Mountains. Results showed that cryoconite δ56Fe ranged from −1.06 ± 0.07‰ to 0.33 ± 0.04‰, regardless of their concentration. Moreover, anomalous δ56Fe values deviating significantly from the upper continental crust values (with an average of 0.09‰) were detected, indicating a significant impact of anthropogenic Fe materials on the investigated glaciers. This impact was particularly prominent in the margin regions of the TP and its surroundings, but was less apparent in the interior and southern of the plateau. Using MixSIAR isotope mixing model, we determined that coal combustion and other anthropogenic combustion sources (such as liquid fuel combustion and steel smelting) contributed to cryoconite Fe in the range of 6.9%–43.1% and 0.8%–23.4%, respectively. Among these, coal combustion was the predominant anthropogenic source of cryoconite Fe in western China's glaciers. Compared with other sink areas in the Northern Hemisphere, glaciers in western China are obviously affected by anthropogenically sourced Fe. This study has significant implications for understanding glacier‐fed downstream ecosystems and the regional biogeochemical cycle. Plain Language Summary: Iron (Fe) has profound impacts on snow/ice albedo and the biogeochemical cycle of downstream ecosystems in glacier basins. However, the origins of atmospheric Fe deposition in remote glacier regions of western China remain unclear. Fe isotopes (refer to δ56Fe), serve as a distinctive tool for tracing the sources of aerosol Fe materials that leave their mark on glaciers. Based on a comprehensive data set of Fe isotopes within cryoconite samples collected from 12 high‐altitude glaciers spanning a broad spatial range in western China, this study found that remote glaciers in western China are significantly affected by anthropogenically sourced Fe, with potential implications for glacier‐fed downstream ecosystems and the regional biogeochemical cycle. Key Points: Remote glaciers in western China are significantly affected by anthropogenically sourced FeAnthropogenic Fe impact is particularly prominent in the marginal glacier regions of western ChinaCoal combustion provides the main anthropogenic source of cryoconite Fe in western China's glaciers [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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50. On the importance of moisture conveyor belts from the tropical eastern Pacific for wetter conditions in the Atacama Desert during the mid-Pliocene

Author

Reyers, Mark, Fiedler, Stephanie, Ludwig, Patrick, Böhm, Christoph, Wennrich, Volker, Shao, Yaping, Reyers, Mark, Fiedler, Stephanie, Ludwig, Patrick, Böhm, Christoph, Wennrich, Volker, and Shao, Yaping

Abstract

Geomorphic and sedimentologic data indicate that the climate of today's hyper-arid Atacama Desert (northern Chile) was more humid during the mid-Pliocene to Late Pliocene. The processes, however, leading to increased rainfall in this period are largely unknown. To uncover these processes we use both global and regional kilometre-scale model experiments for the mid-Pliocene (3.2 Ma). We found that the PMIP4–CMIP6 (Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project–Coupled Model Intercomparison Project) model CESM2 (Community Earth System Model 2) and the regional model WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) used in our study simulate more rainfall in the Atacama Desert for the mid-Pliocene in accordance with proxy data, mainly due to stronger extreme rainfall events in winter. Case studies reveal that these extreme winter rainfall events during the mid-Pliocene are associated with strong moisture conveyor belts (MCBs) originating in the tropical eastern Pacific. For present-day conditions, in contrast, our simulations suggest that the moisture fluxes rather arise from the subtropical Pacific region and are much weaker. A clustering approach reveals systematic differences between the moisture fluxes in the present-day and mid-Pliocene climates, both in strength and origins. The two mid-Pliocene clusters representing tropical MCBs and occurring less than 1 d annually on average produce more rainfall in the hyper-arid core of the Atacama Desert south of 20∘ S than what is simulated for the entire present-day period. We thus conclude that MCBs are mainly responsible for enhanced rainfall during the mid-Pliocene. There is also a strong sea-surface temperature (SST) increase in the tropical eastern Pacific and along the Atacama coast for the mid-Pliocene. It suggests that a warmer ocean in combination with stronger mid-tropospheric troughs is beneficial for the development of MCBs leading to more extreme rainfall in a +3 ∘C warmer world like in the mid-Pliocene.

Published
2023
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