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Background: Automatic human emotion recognition system is an active area of research due to its wide applications in the field of Human Computer Interaction(HCI) systems, driver fatigue monitoring systems, surveillance systems, human assistance systems, smile detectors etc. Objective: The study presents a fuzzy based approach to extract facial features from input image and builds different classification models to classify the image into two emotion classes i.e. happy and neutral. The system has potential implications in the field of smile detection systems, customer experience analysis and patient monitoring systems. Methods: The proposed system determines the dimensional attributes (l-attribute and w-attribute) of mouth region extracted from the facial image using viola-jones algortithm. The feature set is generated by using a total of 136 images from JAFFE, NimStim and MUG dataset. The differentiating power of the attribures is then evaluated using five different classification models. Results: The accuracy, precision and recall is determined for each classification model. The results show good accuracy of 70% for the grayscale JAFFE and NimStim databases and 95% for the coloured MUG database. Conclusion: The mouth features calculated in the study are based on the geometric coordinates which eliminates the possibility of false distance measurements due to presence of noise or shadows.

Introduction: Preeclampsia is a common cause for increased maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality in the developing world. Altered lipid prole is associated with preeclampsia. This study was conducted to evaluate maternal and fetal outcome in correlation with altered lipid prole. Material and Methods: A case control study was carried out during June 2016 to full May 2017 in obstetrics and gynecology department, HRH, NDMC Medical college, Delhi. Total 240 pregnant women were included in this study in which 120 normotensive pregnant women taken as control group and 120 preeclamptic women were taken as study group. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS version 21.0. Results: In our study we observed that there was increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure in relation to abnormal lipid prole. There was an increase in maternal morbidities in relation to abnormal lipid prole. Birth weight is signicantly related to severity of lipid parameters. Conclusions: Measurement of serum lipid prole should be done in pregnant women with risk of preeclampsia and other hypertensive disorders to prevent maternal, perinatal morbidity and mortality.

Prolonged working hours in operation theater may impair cognitive and psychomotor function.This study was done to evaluate the changes in cognitive and psychomotor changes in the anesthesia residents after 6 and 12 h of continuous work in operation theater.Sixty anesthesia residents whose working hours were expected to be longer than 12 h were recruited for this prospective, observational study.The study consisted of a set of five tests used for assessing the cognitive and psychomotor functions. The tests were conducted for the participants at 0, 6, and 12 h of work and the total scores at the respective time period were noted. The tests were manual dexterity test using purdue peg board, finger tapping test, visual spatial capacity memory test, digit symbol substitution test (DSST), and frontal assessment battery.The observations of the purdue peg board test, finger tapping test, and digit symbol substitution test at 0, 6, and 12 h were tested using the repeated measures analysis of variance and pairedIn the purdue peg board test, there was significant reduction in the mean number of pins assembled by the participants over 12 h of work. There was a significant difference in the number of finger taps by the dominant hand between 0 and 12 h and also between 6 and 12 h. In the visual spatial memory test, there was no significant difference in the performance of the participants with incorrect response at 0 and 12 h of duration. There was a significant decrease in the number of correct response among the participants in the digit symbol substitution test at 0 and 12 h of work. There was no significant difference in the scores obtained in frontal assessment battery test which was used to assess the cognitive function.There was a significant reduction in the psychomotor functions of the anesthesiology residents after 12 continuous hours of work in the operation theater and there was no significant reduction in cognitive function observed during that period.

Prosody development provides insight into the development of a highly specialized system that is unique to humans. Prosody is mainly encoded by regulating the fundamental frequency, intensity and duration of various tokens during discourse construction. Interplay between the fundamental frequency and the intensity plays a crucial role in formulating prosody and adult speakers modulate these parameters to produce rhythmic sentences. However, it is not known, how this relationship between these two parameters evolve with age in the children. The present study tries to fill this gap partially by investigating the statistical nature of the correlation between fundamental frequency and intensity in the speech of 42 children and 25 adults between the ages of 4–25 years. Statistically significant differences were found in the distributions of correlations between children and adults. The difference can be attributed to evolving skills of children in encoding prosodic cues through modulation of intensity by alterations in flow of air from the lungs and controlling the vibrations of vocal folds.

Spectro-temporal features of speech are the basis of phonological comprehension and production in the brain. Thus, these features provide a relevant framework to study speech and language development in children. In this paper, we present a novel framework to study the statistics of spectro-temporal features of speech that are encoded at different timescales. These timescales correspond to different linguistic units such as prosodic or syllabic components. The framework is tested on a speech corpus consisting of 169 speech samples. The paper demonstrates usage of the proposed framework in finding milestones of speech development in children. The results indicate the presence of more number of spectro-temporal features encoded at short timescales in adults as compared to children. However, no significant difference is observed in the spectro-temporal features encoded at long timescales between these groups. The proposed framework is also used in studying the speech impairments of children and adults with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities. The results reveal the absence of some spectro-temporal features encoded at both the timescales and their absence is more prominent in shorter timescales. The suggested framework can be used for studying speech development and impairment in different disorders.

This study presents a geometric feature based automatic facial expression recognition system. The proposed system utilises the facial landmark points to determine the relative distances between the facial features in order to capture deformities caused by the movement of facial muscles due to different expressions. Three feature sets are generated by using landmark coordinates, relative distances between the facial points and a combination of both. Discriminating power of each feature set is determined by training different classification models for classifying an image into six basic emotions or neutral state. The proposed system is validated on two publically available facial expression databases. Experimental results show good accuracy of 95.5% for MUG database on the combined features by using ensemble neural network.

Indian children represent a unique population of bilinguals who learn two or more languages of different isochrony. Most of their native languages are syllable-timed, whereas in school the language of learning is English, which is a stress-timed language. Exposure to multiple languages with different types of rhythmic patterns as stimulus during the development stage differentiates these children from monolinguals acquiring rhythms of a single language. Thus, to partially fill this gap, a comparative study in 115 children (aged four to eight years) and 18 adults was carried out. We investigated the frequencies around the pitch and first formant which encodes prosodic information in speech. It was found that the harmonic content in speech increases even after four years (where children exhibit or possess intelligent speech) and the spectra of adults were more distributed and had more peaks at higher frequencies as compared to the power spectra of children, where energy in higher frequency was less. This study has implications in finding speech abnormalities in Indian children with speech disorders.

The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence and relationship between maternal periodontal disease and preterm low birth weight (LBW) babies among women delivering at Hindu Rao Hospital, Delhi, India. A case control study was performed on 150 women fulfilling the selection criteria over a period of one year. The study consisted of 50 cases, (women delivering preterm babies weighing ≤2.5 kg, Group I) and 100 controls (women delivering babies at ≥37 weeks and weighing >2.5 kg, Group II). Associated risk factors for preterm low birth weight (PT-LBW) were ascertained by means of a structured questionnaire and maternal notes. Women having any of the possible risk factors for preterm LBW were either excluded or confounded in the study. The prevalence of periodontal disease was assessed by the community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN) scoring method, with scores ranging from 0 to 4. Data were analyzed using Graphpad Prism-5 software. P value and odds ratio (OR) with 95 % confidence interval were calculated as and when required for statistical analysis. Prevalence of periodontal disease was 84.66 % (n = 150) in the study population. Prevalence of periodontal disease was high, at least in some form or other, in cases (100 %) as compared to controls (77 %). The prevalence of severe periodontal disease (CPITN score-4) was 8 % in cases and 3 % in controls. Periodontal disease is an avoidable risk factor for LBW as almost all of the known risk factors for LBW were either excluded or confounded during the study. Hence, routine periodontal examination and advice on good oral hygiene should be included as part of preconceptional care and antenatal checkups during pregnancy. Any dysfunction should be thoroughly investigated and treated for the sake of health of both mother and baby.

Development of speech is very crucial for good quality of life. People with learning disabilities face challenges in communication due to deficiencies in speech production and require interventions in terms of training and rehabilitation to become less dependent. For providing specific trainings, it will be valuable to know the exact nature of these deficiencies through acoustic analysis. This study investigated fundamental frequency and intensity in a speech of 95 subjects including 39 normal developing children, 20 adults and 36 subjects with mild to moderate intellectual disability (mental retardation). The results show significant differences in these acoustic measurements. This present study also developed a model that classify the normal developing and intellectually disable groups based on these acoustic features. The findings suggest that acoustic cues such as fundamental frequency along with intensity play a significant role in classifying the groups. It was shown that classifiers with good accuracy can be built based on these parameters which indicate differentiating capabilities of the said features. Such attempts to build classification models can also aid in early diagnosis of intellectual or learning disabilities.

Sharing medical data with numerous stakeholders for varied purposes is a perplexing problem facing healthcare systems throughout the world. All this needs to be done, whilst ensuring patient and health data privacy and data integrity. Through this paper, an attempt has been made to present a novel distributed digital health record management system. The blockchain framework has been built using the tools provided by hyper ledger, an open source project. This system empowers patients with a comprehensive, secure, immutable, and easily accessible digital record of their health. Also, this information is available across multiple practitioners and healthcare providers throughout the world. This system can therefore empower the emergence of health data economics, empowering researchers with the health data and giving patients an opportunity to share their health data without losing anonymity. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a prototype of a health data management system utilising blockchain.

Background: Pain and pyrexia are the warning signals, primarily protective in nature, that cause discomfort and suffering and may even be unbearable and incapacitating. The modern drugs (like opioids, NSAIDs, corticosteroids) currently used for the management of pain, fever and inflammatory conditions, present with many known adverse effects. Tinospora cordifolia known as Giloe, widely used in folk medicine due to its property to cure a number of diseases. Hence the present study was undertaken to explore the analgesic activity of water-soluble extract of stem of T. cordifolia in albino rats in experimentally induced pain.Methods: Present study was done in the department of pharmacology, albino rats were used to study the analgesic activity of T. cordifolia aqueous extract at the dose of 1.25g/kg,2.5g/kg and 5g/kg p.o. Various methods like Eddy’s hot plate, tail flick test and acetic acid induced writhing were used for the anti- nociceptive study.Results: In Eddy’s hot plate and tail flick test an increase in reaction time was observed with peak effect at 90min. Results were similar to the standard drug Tramadol in acetic acid induced writhing increase in time of onset, decrease in number and duration of writhing was observed.Conclusions: Aqueous extract of T. cordifolia was effective in all the three models of pain suggesting its possible action by central and peripheral mechanisms. Activity of T. cordifolia can be attributed to various phytoconstituents viz. protoberberine alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides and polysaccharides. It can be developed as potent analgesic agent in future.

This paper reviews the technology used in Speech-to-Speech Translation that is the phrases spoken in one language are immediately spoken in another language by the device. Speech-to-Speech Translation is a three step software process which includes Automatic speech Recognition, Machine Translation and voice synthesis. This paper includes the major speech translation projects using different approaches for speech recognition, translation and text to speech synthesis highlighting the major pros and cons for the approach being used.

This paper describes the characteristics comparison of bulk FINFET and SOI FINFET. The scaling trend in device dimension require limit on short channel effect through the control of subthreshold slope and DIBL characteristics.It can be achieved by proper device design. The subthreshold characteristics are plotted with the variation of gate voltage for different doping profile .This paper also compares the performance improvement of Multi-gate Bulk and SOI MOSFET over Single-gate bulk and SOI MOSFET.The simulation results are obtained with the help of TCAD 3-D device simulator are well matched with the ideal characteristics.

Social Intelligence is of more importance in the present life style due to growing tensions stresses and various complexities. It can be learned, developed and used as an effective life skill for managing personal life, interpersonal relationships and achieving success in all the walks of life. The present study was conducted to know the social intelligence of male and female undergraduate students of science and Arts subject streams studying in various degree colleges of Bhilai city,Chhattisgarh. For this purpose descriptive survey method was used. 60 male and 60 female undergraduate students were selected, for the sample by adopting stratified disproportionate random sampling technique. The data was collected by using Social Intelligence Scale (SIS) constructed and standardized by Chadda and Ganesan (2009). The data was analyzed by using't' test. The findings of gender analysis indicates that female student's posses more social intelligence than male students and analysis of stream indicates that arts students are having greater social intelligence than students of other streams.

Thinking differently is a unique characteristic of a man, this fact was realized by R.J. STERNBERG (1988). He emphasized that thinking styles are preferred way of thinking. He classified 13 different thinking styles based on functions, forms, level, scope and leaning. On the other hand Emotional intelligence is a ability to sense, understand and effectively apply emotions for better inter personal relations (COOPER AND SAWAF, 1997). GOLEMAN (1995) characterized Emotional Intelligence as the ability of self awareness, mood management, self motivation, empathy and managing relationships. No doubt Thinking Style and Emotional Intelligence both are cognitive abilities of an individual. In this study an attempt has been to find the relationship of these two cognitive abilities. The objective of the study was to find out influence of various forms (monarchic, hierarchic, oligarchic and anarchic) of Thinking Styles on Emotional intelligence of teacher educators of teacher training colleges of Chhattisgarh state. The sample comprises of 25 male and 25 female teacher educators. They were administered part of 'Thinking Style Scale' (only FORMS of thinking style) developed by JOHN, SINGH AND VERMA (2006) and 'Emotional Intelligence Scale' developed by HYDE AND PATHE (2002). The obtained data was analyzed by calculating M, SD and't' value to test the significance of the hypotheses of the study. The results indicates that all the four FORMS of thinking styles have shown significant difference on emotional intelligence. Apart from this gender difference of teacher educators has also shown significant difference on emotional intelligence. I. Introducation :- The idea of styles of cognition was initially introduced by Allport (1937). The concept of thinking style is a relatively recent field for the researchers. Thinking style is major component of cognitive style. Thinking styles is based on the work done by R.J. Sternberg (1994) on 'mental self government'. Central to this theory is the notion that people manage their everyday activity, and their work field responsibilities by using thirteen (13) different thinking styles in a way that feel comfortable in it. Tables 13 thinking styles under 5 sections (Sternberg)

The objective of this study is to analyze the developmental changes in the speech of children and adult. We quantified speech in terms of the mean power across 10 frequency bins between 0–2000 Hz in the population of 90 children (4–8 years old) and 27 adults. We found that with age, the harmonic structures in the speech increases, as the power spectra of adult is more distributed and has peaks at higher frequency bins than the younger children. To further support our findings, we have performed classification by different classification techniques and found the significant differences in the power spectra's of children and adults. This result can be used as a database for Indian children for doing comparative studies to find out speech abnormalities in the children with speech, language or brain disorder.

Speech is the primary means of human communication. Speech production starts in early ages and matures as children grow. People with intellectual or learning disabilities have deficit in speech production and faces difficulties in communication. These people need tailor-made therapies or trainings for rehabilitation to lead their lives independently. To provide these special trainings , it is important to know the exact nature of impairment in the speech through acoustic analysis. This study calculated the spectro-temporal features relevant to brain structures, encoded at short and long timescales in the speech of 82 subjects including 32 typically developing children, 20 adults and 30 participants with intellectual disabilities (severity ranges from mild to moderate). The results revealed that short timescales, which encoded information like formant transition in typically developing group were significantly different from intellectually disabled group, whereas long timescales were similar amongst groups. The short timescales were significantly different even within typically developing group but not within intellectually disabled group. The findings suggest that the features encoded at short timescales and ratio (short/long) play a significant role in classifying the group. It is shown that the classifier models with good accuracy can be constructed using acoustic features under investigation. This indicates that these features are relevant in differentiating normal and disordered speech. These classification models can help in early diagnostics of intellectual or learning disabilities.