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Promoting the ESG concept is of great significance for the realization of the 'Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality' Goals and ESG has gradually become a comprehensive system for evaluating sustainable development. Based on the 2015 ESG ratings of SynTao Green Finance as a quasi-natural experiment and based on the panel data of China's A-share listed companies from 2010 to 2020, this study deeply explores the impact of ESG ratings on the continuous innovation ability of enterprises by constructing a multi-temporal double-difference model and a triple-difference model. The results show that ESG ratings can significantly enhance firms' continuous innovation ability, a conclusion supported by a series of robustness tests. The positive impact of ESG ratings is more prominent for firms with low market attention, state-owned enterprises, and firms with high digital transformation. The impact mechanism suggests that ESG ratings advance firms' ability to continuously innovate by increasing employment, improving employee income, and enhancing firm value. It is further found that ESG ratings are more effective in enhancing the continuous innovation ability of heavy polluters and capital – and technology-intensive firms than other firms. The findings of the study help to promote the sustainable development of enterprises and realize the synergy between ESG construction and high-quality development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of problem of large work amount and error-prone of pipeline layout using 2D software, advantages and disadvantages of 3D software used in domestic design field were analyzed, and Solidworks software was proposed to apply to design of large capacity and long distance coal pipeline. The application of Solidworks software in schematic design stage, preliminary design stage and construction drawing stage of coal pipeline was introduced in detail.

SUMMARY: The moss Physcomitrium patens is crucial for studying plant development and evolution. Although the P. patens genome includes genes acquired from bacteria, fungi and viruses, the functions and evolutionary significance of these acquired genes remain largely unclear. Killer protein 4 (KP4) is a toxin secreted by the phytopathogenic fungus Ustilago maydis that inhibits the growth of sensitive target strains by blocking their calcium uptake. Here, we show that KP4 genes in mosses were acquired from fungi through at least three independent events of horizontal gene transfer. Two paralogous copies of KP4 (PpKP4‐1 and PpKP4‐2) exist in P. patens. Knockout mutants ppkp4‐1 and ppkp4‐2 showed cell death at the protonemal stage, and ppkp4‐2 also exhibited defects in tip growth. We provide experimental evidence indicating that PpKP4‐1/2 affects P. patens protonemal cell development by mediating cytoplasmic calcium and that KP4 genes are functionally conserved between P. patens and fungi. The present study provides additional insights into the role of horizontal gene transfer in land plant development and evolution. Significance Statement: Plants are intimately associated with fungi. However, it remains largely unclear how fungi may have affected the biology of plant partners through genetic integration (e.g. horizontal gene transfer) following organismal interaction. In the present study, we show that KP4 genes in mosses were acquired from fungi through at least three independent horizontal gene transfer events and that the acquired KP4 genes affect the protonemal development of mosses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives The secondary products of lipid oxidation are one of the main factors inducing protein oxidation. The effects of oxidation treatment with malondialdehyde (MDA) on the immunoreactivity of amandin and its digestion were studied. Materials and Methods The rabbit IgG binding ability of amandin was analyzed by western blotting, and the changes in amandin oxidation and immunoreactivity during digestion of amandin with different degrees of oxidation were investigated in combination with an almond allergen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Alteration of linear epitopes of amandin by oxidation was investigated by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results The results showed that the immunoreactivity of amandin was significantly reduced after 1 mmol/L MDA and 100 mmol/L MDA treatment. However, the 1 mmol/L MDA treatment was owing to cleavage of linear epitope peptide in amandin and oxidation of the active amino acid. The 100 mmol/L MDA treatment was due to aggregation of amandin and significant decrease in its solubility. Oxidation also reduced digestibility of amandin and significantly affected immunoreactivity during digestion. LC-MS/MS also identified four oxidation-prone methionine sites (aa 264–274, 298–308, 220–240, and 275–297) in gamma conglutinin 1. Conclusions MDA treatment reduced the immunoreactivity of amandin. MDA treatment also led to protein aggregation, which slowed down the digestion of amandin and altered the immunoreactivity of amandin during digestion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of different glycosylation degrees on molecular structure and foaming property of egg white protein (EWP) was investigated using ball milling‐assisted glycosylation. The results showed the foaming ability (FA) and foam stability (FS) of EWP improved when the degree of glycosylation was increased. In particular, FA of ball milling‐assisted glycosylation of EWP enhanced by 39.9% and 28.8%, and the FS increased by 28.7% and 24.0% compared with EWP and ball milling egg white protein (BE) at 150 min of reaction. Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) analysis could reflect the grafting degree of EWP and glucose molecules from the side. When EWP was fully grafted with glucose, endogenous fluorescence and free sulfhydryl groups indicated that tertiary structure of EWP was depolymerized, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed the secondary structure tended to change from order to disorder. The results of this study indicated that ball milling‐assisted glycosylation modification was a practical method to improve the foaming property of EWP. Practical Application: EWP has great FA and FS, making it indispensable in the baking industry. In this study, ball milling‐assisted glycosylation was used to improve the foaming property of EWP, and the molecular structure of EWP with different degrees of glycosylation was fully resolved. The results demonstrated that ball milling, as a physical pretreatment, can fully unfold the structure of EWP. When sugar molecules were fully grafted, the particle size of EWP reduced, solubility increased, and the stability of system improved, thus enhancing the foaming property of EWP. The results can provide theoretical basis for improving the foaming property of EWP and provide a reference value for its industrial application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strigolactones (SLs) and karrikins (KARs) are butenolides that influence multiple aspects of plant growth and development. D14 and KAI2 are members of the α/β-fold hydrolase superfamily and act as receptors of SLs and KARs, as well as of unidentified endogenous KAI2-ligands (KLs). Phylogenetic analyses suggest that plant KAI2 was derived from bacterial RsbQ via horizontal gene transfer (HGT) before the emergence of streptophytes. The D14/KAI2 and RsbQ proteins share conserved tertiary structures and functional features. In this opinion article, we suggest that the acquisition of RsbQ by plant cells was fundamental to the formation of butenolide sensing systems. Recruitment of additional signal transduction components and gene duplication subsequently led to versatile butenolide signaling systems throughout land plants. Strigolactones (SLs) are not only phytohormones that play multiple roles in plant growth and development, but also rhizosphere signals for communication between plants and microbes. Karrikins (KARs) are exogenous compounds generated from burning vegetation which can stimulate seed germination. They contain a butenolide moiety similar to that of SLs. The KAR receptor KAI2 is believed to normally recognize endogenous karrikin-like compounds referred to as KAI2-ligands (KLs). The KAI2 signaling pathway influences various developmental and physiological processes in plants. The duplication and differentiation of KAI2 in seed plants led to the evolution of the SL receptor gene family D14. The perception and signaling of KLs by KAI2 is commonly considered to be a major innovation during the early evolution of land plants, but the origin of KAI2 and SL/KL signaling system is unclear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pulse signal analysis plays an important role in promoting the objectification of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Like electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, wrist pulse signals are mainly caused by cardiac activities and are valuable in analyzing cardiac diseases. A large number of studies have reported ECG signals can distinguish gender characteristics of normal healthy subjects using entropy complexity measures, consistently showing more complexity in females than males. No research up to date, however, has been found on examining gender differences with wrist pulse signals of healthy subjects on entropy complexity measures. This paper is aimed to fill in the research gap, which could, in turn, provide a deeper insight into the pulse signal and might identify potential differences between ECG signals and pulse signals. In particular, several complementary entropy measures with corresponding refined composite multiscale versions are established to perform the analysis for the filtered TCM pulse signals. Experimental results reveal that regardless of entropy measures used, there is no statistically significant gender difference in terms of entropy complexity, indicating that the pulse signal holds less gender characteristics than the ECG signal. In view of these findings, wrist pulse signals could be likely to provide different pieces of information to ECG signals. The present study is the first to quantitatively evaluate gender differences in healthy pulse signals with measures of entropy complexity and more importantly; we expect this study could make contribution to the ongoing pulse intelligent diagnosis and objective analysis, further facilitating the modernization of TCM pulse diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this communication, the liquid metal alloy (LMA) is utilized to design a metasurface with switchable reflection phases, which serves as the superstrate of an antenna array to manipulate its scattering features. The proposed metasurface is composed of a silicone rubber etched with microfluidic channels. Hence, its electromagnetic properties can be controlled by the filling of LMA. Simulated results reveal that the injection of LMA shifts the phase of waves reflected from the proposed metasurface by 180° ranging from 8 to 32 GHz. Then, the proposed metasurface covers a slot antenna array to regulate its scattering characteristic. By arranging the filling of LMA with various configurations, the scattering pattern can be switched among four different states with a slight influence on its radiation performance. Fulfilling all microfluidic channels with air, the reference antenna has a normal scattering pattern like a metallic plate. Moreover, by switching the filling area of LMA, monostatic radar cross-section (RCS) reduction is realized in three of these four working states. Finally, we had processed and tested a demonstrated prototype of the slot antenna array along with the proposed metasurface superstrate. Measured results are consistent well with the simulation. An implication of this research is the possibility that manipulating the scattering features of an antenna array without influences on its radiation characteristics by employing LMA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although there is accumulating evidence for the role of foreign genes in plant development and adaptation, many issues remain. A recent study by Wang et al. on a gene of fungal origin in wheatgrass disease resistance highlights the potential application of fungal genes in crop improvement and related areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this communication, a microfluidically frequency- and polarization-reconfigurable slot antenna using liquid metal (LM) is proposed. The polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) structure with narrow-banded microchannels is loaded on the printed circuit board (PCB) of a square slot antenna, providing condition for reconfiguration. The left-hand circular polarization (LHCP), right-hand circular polarization (RHCP), and linear polarization (LP) are achieved by injecting LM into +45° and −45° channels with respect to the $x$ -axis or keeping the channels empty. Three operating frequency bands of LHCP and RHCP states can be realized by filling the microchannels with different lengths. Both states have an overall tuning 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) of 26.42% (2.3–3 GHz). In LP state, the proposed antenna realizes a −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 11.6% (2.03–2.28 GHz). A prototype of the proposed antenna has been fabricated and measured. Good agreement between the simulated and measured results validates the feasibility of this technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant colonization of land has been intimately associated with mycorrhizae or mycorrhizae-like fungi. Despite the pivotal role of fungi in plant adaptation, it remains unclear whether and how gene acquisition following fungal interaction might have affected the development of land plants. Here we report a macro2 domain gene in bryophytes that is likely derived from Mucoromycota, a group that includes some mycorrhizae-like fungi found in the earliest land plants. Experimental and transcriptomic evidence suggests that this macro2 domain gene in the moss Physcomitrella patens, PpMACRO2, is important in epigenetic modification, stem cell function, cell reprogramming and other processes. Gene knockout and over-expression of PpMACRO2 significantly change the number and size of gametophores. These findings provide insights into the role of fungal association and the ancestral gene repertoire in the early evolution of land plants. Plant evolution is intimately associated with fungal partners. Here the authors provide evidence that Physcomitrella patens MACRO2, a gene likely derived from early mycorrhizae-like fungi, was transferred to early land plants and plays an important role in regulating stem cell growth and gametophore development in moss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of low-salt fermentation on quality, volatile compounds, differential metabolites, and the microbial community structure of sour meat were studied. Low-salt fermentation could facilitate the production of volatile compounds, free amino acids, organic acids, and so forth and improve product safety. The results showed that the content of branched-chain amino acids such as valine, leucine, and isoleucine in the low-salt sour meat was respectively 1.50, 1.32, and 1.26 times higher than those in the traditional sour meat. Hexanal, Benzeneacetaldehyde, (E)-2-Heptenal, 1-Octen-3-ol, 1-Hexanol, 1-Butanol, 3-methyl-, and certain ethyl esters were identified as critical volatile flavour compounds for the low-salt sour meat. Lactobacillus , Pediococcus , Staphylococcus , Debaryomyces, Aspergillus , and Mucor were the main genera in the low-salt sour meat. And these microorganisms were closely associated with metabolites that included free amino acids, fatty acids, and nucleotides, which were crucial for the emergence of distinctive sour meat flavors as flavor precursors. In summary, low-salt fermentation can accelerate sour meat maturation, facilitate the oxidation and decomposition of protein and fat, and is more conducive to sour meat fermenting and distinct fermented flavor production. • Salt significantly affected the microbial dynamics during sour meat fermentation. • Salt reduction reduced the pH level and increased the oxidation of sour meat. • Low salt led to more kinds and amount of volatile flavor compounds in sour meat. • Low salt can promote the oxidative degradation of proteins and lipids in sour meat. • Higher levels of free amino acids and fatty acids were observed in low-salt sour meat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundUnfractionated heparin is widely used in the intensive care unit as an anticoagulant. However, weight-based heparin dosing has been shown to be suboptimal and may place patients at unnecessary risk during their intensive care unit stay. ObjectiveIn this study, we intended to develop and validate a machine learning–based model to predict heparin treatment outcomes and to provide dosage recommendations to clinicians. MethodsA shallow neural network model was adopted in a retrospective cohort of patients from the Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care III (MIMIC III) database and patients admitted to the Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH). We modeled the subtherapeutic, normal, and supratherapeutic activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) as the outcomes of heparin treatment and used a group of clinical features for modeling. Our model classifies patients into 3 different therapeutic states. We tested the prediction ability of our model and evaluated its performance by using accuracy, the kappa coefficient, precision, recall, and the F1 score. Furthermore, a dosage recommendation module was designed and evaluated for clinical decision support. ResultsA total of 3607 patients selected from MIMIC III and 1549 patients admitted to the PUMCH who met our criteria were included in this study. The shallow neural network model showed results of F1 scores 0.887 (MIMIC III) and 0.925 (PUMCH). When compared with the actual dosage prescribed, our model recommended increasing the dosage for 72.2% (MIMIC III, 1240/1718) and 64.7% (PUMCH, 281/434) of the subtherapeutic patients and decreasing the dosage for 80.9% (MIMIC III, 504/623) and 76.7% (PUMCH, 277/361) of the supratherapeutic patients, suggesting that the recommendations can contribute to clinical improvements and that they may effectively reduce the time to optimal dosage in the clinical setting. ConclusionsThe evaluation of our model for predicting heparin treatment outcomes demonstrated that the developed model is potentially applicable for reducing the misdosage of heparin and for providing appropriate decision recommendations to clinicians.

BackgroundCOVID-19 cases resurged worldwide in the second half of 2020. Not much is known about the changes in public responses to containment measures from the initial outbreak to resurgence. Monitoring public responses is crucial to inform policy measures to prepare for COVID-19 resurgence. ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess and compare public responses to containment measures during the initial outbreak and resurgence of COVID-19 in China. MethodsWe curated all COVID-19–related posts from Sina Weibo (China’s version of Twitter) during the initial outbreak and resurgence of COVID-19 in Beijing, China. With a Python script, we constructed subsets of Weibo posts focusing on 3 containment measures: lockdown, the test-trace-isolate strategy, and suspension of gatherings. The Baidu open-source sentiment analysis model and latent Dirichlet allocation topic modeling, a widely used machine learning algorithm, were used to assess public engagement, sentiments, and frequently discussed topics on each containment measure. ResultsA total of 8,985,221 Weibo posts were curated. In China, the containment measures evolved from a complete lockdown for the general population during the initial outbreak to a more targeted response strategy for high-risk populations during COVID-19 resurgence. Between the initial outbreak and resurgence, the average daily proportion of Weibo posts with negative sentiments decreased from 57% to 47% for the lockdown, 56% to 51% for the test-trace-isolate strategy, and 55% to 48% for the suspension of gatherings. Among the top 3 frequently discussed topics on lockdown measures, discussions on containment measures accounted for approximately 32% in both periods, but those on the second-most frequently discussed topic shifted from the expression of negative emotions (11%) to its impacts on daily life or work (26%). The public expressed a high level of panic (21%) during the initial outbreak but almost no panic (1%) during resurgence. The more targeted test-trace-isolate measure received the most support (60%) among all 3 containment measures in the initial outbreak, and its support rate approached 90% during resurgence. ConclusionsCompared to the initial outbreak, the public expressed less engagement and less negative sentiments on containment measures and were more supportive toward containment measures during resurgence. Targeted test-trace-isolate strategies were more acceptable to the public. Our results indicate that when COVID-19 resurges, more targeted test-trace-isolate strategies for high-risk populations should be promoted to balance pandemic control and its impact on daily life and the economy.

BackgroundCOVID-19 is an emerging infectious disease that has created health care challenges worldwide. Pregnant women are particularly affected by this disease. ObjectiveThe aims of this study are to assess the levels of perceived threat (susceptibility, severity, impact), negative emotions (fear, worry), and self-efficacy of pregnant women in China related to COVID-19 and to examine their associations with mental health (depression and anxiety) and personal protective behavior (wearing a face mask). MethodsA total of 4087 pregnant women from China completed a cross-sectional web-based survey between March 3 and 10, 2020. ResultsThe prevalence of probable depression and anxiety was 48.7% (1989/4087) and 33.0% (1347/4087), respectively; 23.8% participants (974/4087) reported always wearing a face mask when going out. Of the 4087 participants, 32.1% (1313) and 36.4% (1490) perceived themselves or their family members to be susceptible to COVID-19 infection, respectively; 3216-3518 (78.7%-86.1%) agreed the disease would have various severe consequences. Additionally, 2275 of the 4087 participants (55.7%) showed self-efficacy in protecting themselves from contracting COVID-19, and 2232 (54.6%) showed efficacy in protecting their family members; 1303 (31.9%) reported a high level of fear of the disease, and 2780-3056 (68.0%-74.8%) expressed worry about various aspects of COVID-19. The results of the multivariate multinominal logistic regression analyses showed that perceived severity, perceived impact, fear, and worry were risk factors for probable depression and anxiety, while self-efficacy was a protective factor. The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that perceived susceptibility was associated with always wearing a face mask. ConclusionsChinese pregnant women showed high levels of mental distress but low levels of personal protective behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. Interventions are needed to promote the mental health and health behavior of pregnant women during the pandemic.

BackgroundMental health problems are prevalent among pregnant women, and it is expected that their mental health will worsen during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the underutilization of mental health services among pregnant women has been widely documented. ObjectiveWe aimed to identify factors that are associated with pregnant women’s intentions to seek mental health services. We specifically assessed pregnant women who were at risk of mental health problems in mainland China. MethodsA web-based survey was conducted from February to March, 2020 among 19,515 pregnant women who were recruited from maternal health care centers across various regions of China. A subsample of 6248 pregnant women with probable depression (ie, those with a score of ≥10 on the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire) or anxiety (ie, those with a score of ≥5 on the 7-item General Anxiety Disorder Scale) was included in our analysis. ResultsMore than half (3292/6248, 52.7%) of the participants reported that they did not need mental health services. Furthermore, 28.3% (1770/6248) of participants felt that they needed mental health services, but had no intentions of seeking help, and only 19% (1186/6248) felt that they needed mental health services and had intentions of seek help. The results from our multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, education level, and gestational age were factors of not seeking help. However, COVID-19–related lockdowns in participants’ cities of residence, social support during the COVID-19 pandemic, and trust in health care providers were protective factors of participants’ intentions to seek help from mental health services. ConclusionsInterventions that promote seeking help for mental health problems among pregnant women should also promote social support from health care providers and trust between pregnant women and their care providers.

BackgroundAlthough lockdown and mandatory quarantine measures have played crucial roles in the sharp decrease of the number of newly confirmed/suspected COVID-19 cases, concerns have been raised over the threat that these measures pose to mental health, especially the mental health of vulnerable groups, including pregnant women. Few empirical studies have assessed whether and how these control measures may affect mental health, and no study has investigated the prevalence and impacts of the use of eHealth resources among pregnant women during the COVID-19 outbreak. ObjectiveThis study investigated (1) the effects of lockdown and mandatory quarantine on mental health problems (ie, anxiety and depressive symptoms), (2) the potential mediation effects of perceived social support and maladaptive cognition, and (3) the moderation effects of eHealth-related factors (ie, using social media to obtain health information and using prenatal care services during the COVID-19 pandemic) on pregnant women in China. MethodsAn online cross-sectional survey was conducted among 19,515 pregnant women from all 34 Chinese provincial-level administrative regions from February 25 to March 10, 2020. ResultsOf the 19,515 participants, 12,209 (62.6%) were subjected to lockdown in their areas of residence, 737 (3.8%) were subjected to mandatory quarantine, 8712 (44.6%) had probable mild to severe depression, 5696 (29.2%) had probable mild to severe anxiety, and 1442 (7.4%) had suicidal ideations. Only 640 (3.3%) participants reported that they used online prenatal care services during the outbreak. Significant sociodemographic/maternal factors of anxiety/depressive symptoms included age, education, occupation, the area of residence, gestational duration, the number of children born, complication during pregnancy, the means of using prenatal care services, and social media use for obtaining health information. Multiple indicators multiple causes modeling (χ214=495.21; P

BackgroundOsteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic, debilitating, and degenerative joint disease. However, it is difficult for patients with knee OA to access conventional rehabilitation when discharging from the hospital. Internet-based rehabilitation is one of the promising telemedicine strategies to provide a means combining monitoring, guidance, and treatment for patients with knee OA. ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis for assessing the effect of internet-based rehabilitation programs on pain and physical function in patients with knee OA. MethodsKeywords related to knee OA and internet-based rehabilitation were systematically searched in the Web of Science, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, Scopus, PEDro (Physiotherapy Evidence Database), CNKI, SinoMed, and WANFANG databases from January 2000 to April 2020. Only randomized controlled trials were included. The authors independently screened the literature. The main outcome measures were focused on pain and physical function. A meta-analysis was performed on the collected data. Review Manager (RevMan, version 5.3) was used for all analyses. ResultsThe systematic review identified 6 randomized controlled trials, 4 of which were included in the meta-analysis, comprising a total of 791 patients with knee OA. The meta-analysis with the fixed-effects model showed that the internet-based rehabilitation programs could significantly alleviate the osteoarthritic pain for patients compared with conventional rehabilitation (standardized mean difference [SMD] –0.21, 95% CI −0.4 to –0.01, P=.04). No significant difference was found in the improvement of physical function in patients with knee OA compared with conventional rehabilitation within 2 to 12 months (SMD –0.08, 95% CI −0.27 to 0.12, P=.43). ConclusionsThis systematic review shows that internet-based rehabilitation programs could improve the pain but not physical function for patients with knee OA. However, there was a very small number of studies that could be included in the review and meta-analysis. Thus, further studies with large sample sizes are warranted to promote the effectiveness of internet-based rehabilitation and to develop its personalized design.

BackgroundInternet addiction has become a major global concern and a burden on mental health. However, there is a lack of consensus on its link to mental health outcomes. ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the associations between internet addiction severity and adverse mental health outcomes. MethodsFirst-year undergraduates enrolled at Sichuan University during September 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2018 were invited to participate in the current study survey, 85.13% (31,659/37,187) of whom fully responded. Young’s 20-item Internet Addiction Test, Patient Health Questionnaire-15, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Symptom Checklist 90, Six-Item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, and Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised were used to evaluate internet addiction, four psychopathologies (high somatic symptom severity, clinically significant depression, psychoticism, and paranoia), serious mental illness, and lifetime suicidality. ResultsThe prevalence of students with mild, moderate, and severe internet addiction was 37.93% (12,009/31,659), 6.33% (2003/31,659), and 0.20% (63/31,659), respectively. The prevalence rates of high somatic symptom severity, clinically significant depression, psychoticism, paranoid ideation, and serious mental illness were 6.54% (2072/31,659), 4.09% (1294/31,659), 0.51% (160/31,659), 0.52% (165/31,659), and 1.88% (594/31,659), respectively, and the lifetime prevalence rates of suicidal ideation, suicidal plan, and suicidal attempt were 36.31% (11,495/31,659), 5.13% (1624/31,659), and 1.00% (315/31,659), respectively. The prevalence rates and odds ratios (ORs) of the four psychopathologies and their comorbidities, screened serious mental illness, and suicidalities in the group without internet addiction were much lower than the average levels of the surveyed population. Most of these metrics in the group with mild internet addiction were similar to or slightly higher than the average rates; however, these rates sharply increased in the moderate and severe internet addiction groups. Among the four psychopathologies, clinically significant depression was most strongly associated with internet addiction after adjusting for the confounding effects of demographics and other psychopathologies, and its prevalence increased from 1.01% (178/17,584) in the students with no addiction to 4.85% (582/12,009), 24.81% (497/2,003), and 58.73% (37/63) in the students with mild, moderate, and severe internet addiction, respectively. The proportions of those with any of the four psychopathologies increased from 4.05% (713/17,584) to 11.72% (1408/12,009), 36.89% (739/2003), and 68.25% (43/63); those with lifetime suicidal ideation increased from 24.92% (4382/17,584) to 47.56% (5711/12,009), 67.70% (1356/2003), and 73.02% (46/63); those with a suicidal plan increased from 2.59% (456/17,584) to 6.77% (813/12,009), 16.72% (335/2003), and 31.75% (20/63); and those with a suicidal attempt increased from 0.50% (88/17,584) to 1.23% (148/12,009), 3.54% (71/2003), and 12.70% (8/63), respectively. ConclusionsModerate and severe internet addiction were strongly associated with a broad group of adverse mental health outcomes, including somatic symptoms that are the core features of many medical illnesses, although clinically significant depression showed the strongest association. This finding supports the illness validity of moderate and severe internet addiction in contrast to mild internet addiction. These results are important for informing health policymakers and service suppliers from the perspective of resolving the overall human health burden in the current era of “Internet Plus” and artificial intelligence.

Egg white is often used in various food products because of its good functional properties such as gelling, foaming and emulsifying. In this article, heat treatment（30, 40, 50, 60 °C, 10 min）was employed to investigate the effects on the functional, physicochemical and molecular properties of thick egg white (KEW) comprehensively. The heat treatment caused the hardness, springiness, viscosity, and particle size of KEW to decrease and then increase. According to the results of surface hydrophobicity, sulfhydryl content and fluorescence spectroscopy, the protein structure expanded and then further aggregated after heat treatment with the exposure of the reactive group. The solubility, foaming capacity and emulsifying capacity of KEW were improved by heat treatment. The result of Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) showed that the heat treatment changed the structure of KEW from ordered to disordered. The heat treatment did not change the protein composition of KEW based on SDS-PAGE. • Heat treatment improved the solubility, foaming property and emulsifying activity of KEW. • Heat treatment changed the secondary structure of KEW from order to disorder. • The changes in functional properties of KEW caused by heating treatment were related to the changes in protein structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smartphones have come a long way over the past 10 years—from containing a simple database of calendar entries and contacts to including a digital camera, digital compass, GPS, and thousands of apps available with the touch of a button on the screen. People like smartphones for many reasons, particularly because of their mobility, friendly user interface, large number of useful applications, interactive games, and higher bandwidth with the help of 3G networks. From a technical point of view, the fundamental reason behind the popularity of smartphones is that they are not only a communications device, but also provide a powerful sensing and computing platform. A growing number of computing tasks previously executed on PCs are now being performed on smartphones. Because of all this, smartphones are increasingly attracting attention from researchers, with research efforts in mobile media streaming, video retargeting, location-based systems, and mobile vision systems, among others. PositionIt, a mobile media-based remote target-localization and tracking system, is one part of a comprehensive system that uses networked smartphones to localize a remote target of interest by fusing data sensed by microphones, cameras, and other embedded sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the modern Chinese semantics, a Chinese sentential semantic mode is built, and then a Chinese tagged corpus, BFS-CTC (Beijing forest studio-Chinese tagged corpus), is built according to the Chinese sentential semantic mode. There are more than ten thousand sentences in the corpus, and the corpus contains six kinds of Chinese syntactic types. Tagging the sentence quickly and conveniently could be implemented by using the self-developed tools. BFS-CTC provides lexical, syntactic and sentential semantic structure tagging information, so that it could be used in comparative analysis of syntactic and semantic, or used for horizontal analysis. In addition, the corpus has good scalability, and it could generate more targeted extension tagged banks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amperometric enzyme biosensors are some of the simplest and cheapest types of medical devices used in the rapid detection of biomarkers that have been developed in the past fifty years. When the concentrations of biomarkers are at micromoles per liter, such as for sarcosine, which was recently discovered as a biomarker for prostate cancer, the response signal of the interferences is huge, and the biosensor is hard to satisfy the requirements of practical applications. In this manuscript, we describe a strategy for synthesizing a surface electronegative organic-inorganic hybrid mesoporous material, which could reduce the interference signal much better than Nafion and Chitosan. We verify that the surface potential of the carrier nanomaterial plays an important role in excluding anionic interferences. We also prepare a sensitive (16.35 μA mM−1), low LOD (0.13 μM) and wide linear range (1–70 μM) amperometric sarcosine biosensor with excellent anti-interference properties. This mesoporous material provides a bio-composite platform for the development of simple amperometric biosensors for detecting micromoles per liter of analytes in serum or urine. • Synthesizing a platinum-supported organic-inorganic hybrid mesoporous material. • The material could exclude interferent much better than Nafion and Chitosan. • The surface potential plays an important role to exclude anionic interferent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]