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Phycocyanin 620 (PC620) is the outermost light-harvesting complex in phycobilisome of cyanobacteria, engaged in light collection and energy transfer to the core antenna, allophycocyanin. Recently, long-lived exciton–vibrational coherences have been observed in allophycocyanin, accounting for the coherent energy transfer [Zhu et al., Nat. Commun. 15, 3171 (2024)]. PC620 has a nearly identical spatial location of three α84–β84 phycocyanobilin pigment pairs to those in allophycocyanin, inferring an existence of possible coherent energy transfer pathways. However, whether PC620 undergoes coherent or incoherent energy transfer remains debated. Furthermore, accurate determination of energy transfer rates in PC620 is still necessary owing to the spectral overlap and broadening in conventional time-resolved spectroscopic measurements. In this work, the energy transfer process within PC620 was directly resolved by polarization-controlled two dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) and global analysis. The results show that the energy transfer from α84 to the adjacent β84 has a lifetime constant of 400 fs, from β155 to β84 of 6–8 ps, and from β155 to α84 of 66 ps, fully conforming to the Förster resonance energy transfer mechanism. The circular dichroism spectrum also reveals that the α84–β84 pigment pair does not form excitonic dimer, and the observed oscillatory signals are confirmed to be vibrational coherence, excluding the exciton–vibrational coupling. Nodal line slope analysis of 2DES further reveals that all the vibrational modes participate in the energy dissipation of the excited states. Our results consolidate that the ultrafast energy transfer process in PC620 is incoherent, where the twisted conformation of α84 is suggested as the main cause for preventing the formation of α84–β84 excitonic dimer in contrast to allophycocyanin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the dynamics of excited-state vibrational energy relaxation in photosynthetic pigments is crucial for elucidating the mechanisms underlying energy transfer processes in light-harvesting complexes. Utilizing advanced femtosecond broadband transient fluorescence (TF) spectroscopy, we explored the excited-state vibrational dynamics of Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) both in solution and within the light-harvesting complex II (LHCII). We discovered a vibrational cooling (VC) process occurring over ∼6 ps in Chl-a in ethanol solution following Soret band excitation, marked by a notable ultrafast TF blueshift and spectral narrowing. This VC process, crucial for regulating the vibronic lifetimes, was further elucidated through the direct observation of the population dynamics of higher vibrational states within the Qy electronic state. Notably, Chl-a within LHCII demonstrated significantly faster VC dynamics, unfolding within a few hundred femtoseconds and aligning with the ultrafast energy transfer processes observed within the complex. Our findings shed light on the complex interaction between electronic and vibrational states in photosynthetic pigments, underscoring the pivotal role of vibrational dynamics in enabling efficient energy transfer within light-harvesting complexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of the e-commerce industry, RMFS is prevalent in the modern logistic center. As for this advanced system, robots can apply two following strategies: all-time following and non-following in a task. Alltime following strategy means that robot follows the picking rack until the task is completed, and non-following strategy refers to that robot will leave the rack to perform other tasks when the rack is queued at the workstation, and the robot will be dispatched when the rack needs to be moved. For the robot scheduling problem under two kinds of following strategies, aiming at the shortest total time for the robot to complete the wave tasks, the robot scheduling models under two kinds of following strategies are designed. The simulation experimental platform under two kinds of following strategies are designed based on genetic algorithm, and the system performance of all-time following strategy and non- following strategy is compared through simulation experiments. The decision-making curve of the following strategy based on the shortest total time is obtained, and it is proved that selecting the appropriate following strategy, which is combined with the specific working conditions, can effectively improve the operation efficiency of the picking system. The application following strategy curve can help enterprises to choose robot following strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polylactic acid (PLA) has attracted increasing interest as a sustainable plastic because it can be degraded into CO2 and H2O in nature. However, this process is sluggish, and even worse, it is a CO2‐emitting and carbon resource waste process. Therefore, it is highly urgent to develop a novel strategy for recycling post‐consumer PLA to achieve a circular plastic economy. Herein, we report a one‐pot photoreforming route for the efficient and selective amination of PLA waste into value‐added alanine using CoP/CdS catalysts under mild conditions. Results show the alanine production rate can reach up to 2.4 mmol gcat−1 h−1, with a high selectivity (>75 %) and excellent stability. Time‐resolved transient absorption spectra (TAS) reveal that CoP can rapidly extract photogenerated electrons from CdS to accelerate proton reduction, favoring hole‐dominated PLA oxidation to coproduce alanine. This study offers an appealing way for upcycling PLA waste and creates new opportunities for green synthesis of amino acids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parametric superfluorescence (PSF), which originated from the optical amplification of vacuum quantum noise, is the primary noise source of femtosecond fluorescence non-collinear optical parametric amplification spectroscopy (FNOPAS). It severely affects the detection limit of FNOPAS to collect the femtosecond time-resolved spectra of extremely weak fluorescence. Here, we report the development of femtosecond fluorescence conical optical parametric amplification spectroscopy (FCOPAS), aimed at effectively suppressing the noise fluctuation from the PSF background. In contrast to traditional FNOPAS configurations utilizing lateral fluorescence collection and dot-like parametric amplification, FCOPAS employs an innovative conical fluorescence collection and ring-like amplification setup. This design enables effective cancellation of noise fluctuation across the entire PSF ring, resulting in an approximate order of magnitude reduction in PSF noise compared to prior FNOPAS outcomes. This advancement enables the resolution of transient fluorescence spectra of 4-dicyanomethylene-2-methyl-6-p-dimethylaminostyryl-4H-pyran (DCM) dye molecules in ethanol, even at an optically dilute concentration of 10−6 mol/l, with significantly enhanced signal-to-noise ratios. This improvement will be significant for extremely weak fluorescence detection on the femtosecond time scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar hydrogen production at a high efficiency holds the significant importance in the age of energy crisis, while the micro‐environment manipulation of active sites on photocatalysts plays a profound role in enhancing the catalytic performance. In this work, a series of well‐defined single‐site Ni‐grafted TiO2 photocatalysts with unique and specific coordination environments, 2,2′‐bipyridine‐Ni−O−TiO2 (T−Ni Bpy) and 2‐Phenylpyridine‐Ni−O−TiO2 (T−Ni Phpy), were constructed with the methods of surface organometallic chemistry combined with surface ligand exchange for visible‐light‐induced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). A prominent rate of 33.82 μmol ⋅ g−1 ⋅ h−1 and a turnover frequency of 0.451 h−1 for Ni are achieved over the optimal catalyst T−Ni Bpy for HER, 260‐fold higher than those of Ni−O−TiO2. Fewer electrons trapped oxygen vacancies and a larger portion of long‐lived photogenerated electrons (>3 ns, ~52.9 %), which were demonstrated by the electron paramagnetic resonance and femtosecond transient IR absorption, correspond to the photocatalytic HER activity over the T−Ni Bpy. The number of long‐lived free electrons injected from the Ni photoabsorber to the conduction band of TiO2 is one of the determining factors for achieving the excellent HER activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of quantum coherence in light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) as a mechanism to understand the efficiency of the light-harvesting function in natural photosynthetic systems is still debated due to its structural complexity and weak-amplitude coherent oscillations. Here, we revisit the coherent dynamics and clarify different types of coherences in the energy transfer processes of LHCII using a joint method of the high-S/N transient grating and two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy. We find that the electronic coherence decays completely within 50 fs at room temperature. The vibrational coherences of chlorophyll a dominate over oscillations within 1 ps, whereas a low-frequency mode of 340 cm−1 with a vibronic mixing character may participate in vibrationally assisted energy transfer between chlorophylls a. Our results may suggest that vibronic mixing is relevant for rapid energy transfer processes among chlorophylls in LHCII. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the operating efficiency of the cross-aisles shuttle truck system and the responsiveness to the disturbance of the return task, this paper first proposes a dynamic task scheduling process for the shuttle truck, using an event trigger mechanism. Each time a warehouse return task is generated, the corresponding scheduling optimization algorithm is triggered according to the current task combination mode to re-optimize the task sequence. Secondly, a task sequencing model is established under three combined task modes: full outbound / full return tasks, task mode with in-transit return tasks under the compound operation mode, task mode without in-transit return tasks under the compound operation mode. A fast non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm scheduling algorithm with elite strategy for compound operation mode is proposed. Finally, MATLAB was used to compile the simulation experiment system. The simulation analysis results show that the method can effectively improve the system’s operating efficiency, which verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the scheduling method.

In this work, ultrafast carrier dynamics of mechanically exfoliated 1T-TiSe2 flakes from the high-quality single crystals with self-intercalated Ti atoms are investigated by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. The observed coherent acoustic and optical phonon oscillations after ultrafast photoexcitation reveal the strong electron–phonon coupling in 1T-TiSe2. The ultrafast carrier dynamics probed in both visible and mid-infrared regions indicate that some photogenerated carriers localize near the intercalated Ti atoms and form small polarons rapidly within several picoseconds after photoexcitation due to the strong and short-range electron–phonon coupling. The formation of polarons leads to a reduction of carrier mobility and a long-time relaxation process of photoexcited carriers for several nanoseconds. The formation and dissociation rates of the photoinduced polarons are dependent on both the pump fluence and the thickness of TiSe2 sample. This work offers new insights into the photogenerated carrier dynamics of 1T-TiSe2, and emphasizes the effects of intercalated atoms on the electron and lattice dynamics after photoexcitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalytic generation of •OH from O3 is an intriguing avenue for aqueous organics degradation due to the high utilization of photogenerated electrons, but ambiguous information about charge transfer and surface‐active sites hinders the optimization of photocatalysts. In this work, a series of cobalt single‐atom catalysts (SACs) anchored on graphitic carbon nitride to improve •OH generation from O3 via electron reduction and catalytic activation dual pathway is synthesized. Various characterization and density functional theory calculations reveal that cobalt single atoms can introduce trap states for holes, which improve the light‐harvesting ability and accelerate the transfer of electrons and holes. Meanwhile, Co single atoms can also act as active sites to accelerate ozone decomposition and produce •OH directly. Particularly, the influence of different surface densities of Co single atoms on photogenerated electron supply and surface reaction is disclosed. A higher density of Co provided more active sites for O3 catalytic activation, but the narrowed distance between oxidation and reduction centers reduces the supply of available electrons by worsening the charge recombination. This work offers an atomic‐level correlation of the isolated metal density and photocatalytic properties, and can scientifically guide the design of high‐performance photocatalysts for organic synthesis and water purification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All‐solid‐state Z‐Scheme photocatalysts have attracted significant attention due to their great potential for solar fuel production. However, delicately coupling two individual semiconductors with a charge shuttle by a material strategy remains a challenge. Herein, we demonstrate a new protocol of natural Z‐Scheme heterostructures by strategically engineering the component and interfacial structure of red mud bauxite waste. Advanced characterizations elucidated that the hydrogen‐induced formation of metallic Fe enabled the effective Z‐Scheme electron transfer from γ‐Fe2O3 to TiO2, leading to the significantly boosted spatial separation of photo‐generated carriers for overall water splitting. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first Z‐Scheme heterojunction based on natural minerals for solar fuel production. Thus our work provides a new avenue toward the utilization of natural minerals for advanced catalysis applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the inhibitory effect and mechanism of theaflavin (TF1), human hepatoma carcinoma Bel-7402 cells were treated with different concentrations of TF1. Cell viability was detected by CCK8 and cell proliferation was detected by colony formation assay. Cell migration was detected by cell wound healing experiment and transwell chamber assay. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Apoptosis-related proteins (Bax, Bcl-2, PARP), migration related proteins (E-cad, N-cad, Vimentin, MMP9) and signaling pathway related proteins (TGF-β, Smad3, p-smad3) were detected by western blot. The results show that different concentrations of TF1 could inhibit the proliferation and migration of Bel-7402 cells and promote their apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. The higher the dose, the stronger the inhibition effect (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the expression levels of Bax and E-cad proteins in the experimental group were higher, while the expression levels of Bcl-2, PARP, N-cad, Vimentin, MMP9, TGF-β, Smad3 and p-smad3 were lower (P<0.05). In conclusion, TF1 could inhibit the proliferation and migration of Bel-7402 cells and promote their apoptosis through TGF-β signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrate is an important raw material for chemical fertilizers, but it is industrially manufactured in multiple steps at high temperature and pressure, urgently motivating the design of a green and sustainable strategy for nitrate production. We report the photosynthesis of nitrate from N2 and O2 on commercial TiO2 in a flow reactor under ambient conditions. The TiO2 photocatalyst offered a high nitrate yield of 1.85 μmol h−1 as well as a solar‐to‐nitrate energy conversion efficiency up to 0.13 %. We combined reactivity and in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to elucidate the mechanism of nitrate formation and unveil the special role of O2 in N≡N bond dissociation. The mechanistic insight into charge‐involved N2 oxidation was further demonstrated by in situ transient absorption spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance. This work exhibits the mechanistic origin of N2 photooxidation and initiates a potential method for triggering inert catalytic reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]