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With the rapid development and application of nuclear energy and technology, a large number of radioactive wastewater was produced, which caused potential pollution to the ecological environment. The research on radioactive wastewater treatment is of great significance to environmental protection. Graphene oxide and its composites have attracted much attention in the field of radioactive wastewater treatment because of their high specific surface area, abundant functional groups, strong adsorption capacity and good chemical stability. Recent research status and progress on adsorption of radionuclides in water by graphene oxide and its composites were reviewed. The adsorption capacity, adsorption isothermal model, adsorption thermodynamics, influencing factors and adsorption mechanism of graphene oxide and its composites for radionuclides were introduced. In the end, the problems and challenges faced by the research on graphene oxide and its composites in the treatment of radionuclides in terms of radiation stability and high adsorption selectivity were analyzed. The key research directions for promoting the application of the graphene oxide and its composites in practical radioactive wastewater treatment projects in the future were discussed, such as the perfect industrial system and actively developing a set of matching water treatment processes and equipments.

Porcine sapelovirus (PSV) is a ubiquitous virus in farmed pigs that is associated with SMEDI syndrome, polioencephalomyelitis, and diarrhea. However, there are few reports on the prevalence and molecular characterization of PSV in Fujian Province, Southern China. In this study, the prevalence of PSV and a poetical combinative strain PSV2020 were characterized using real-time PCR, sequencing, and bioinformatics analysis. As a result, an overall sample prevalence of 30.8% was detected in 260 fecal samples, and a farm prevalence of 76.7% was observed in 30 Fujian pig farms, from 2020 to 2022. Noteably, a high rate of PSV was found in sucking pigs. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the full-length genome of PSV2020 was 7550 bp, and the genetic evolution of its ORF region was closest to the G1 subgroup, which was isolated from Asia and America; the similarity of nucleotides and amino acids to other PSVs was 59.5~88.7% and 51.7~97.0%, respectively. However, VP1 genetic evolution analysis showed a distinct phylogenetic topology from the ORF region; PSV2020 VP1 was closer to the DIAPD5469-10 strain isolated from Italy than strains isolated from Asia and America, which comprise the G1 subgroup based on the ORF region. Amino acid discrepancy analysis illustrated that the PSV2020 VP1 gene inserted twelve additional nucleotides, corresponding to four additional amino acids (STAE) at positions 898–902 AAs. Moreover, a potential recombination signal was observed in the 2A coding region, near the 3′ end of VP1, owing to recombination analysis. Additionally, 3D genetic evolutionary analysis showed that all reference strains demonstrated, to some degree, regional conservation. These results suggested that PSV was highly prevalent in Fujian pig farms, and PSV2020, a PSV-1 genotype strain, showed gene diversity and recombination in evolutionary progress. This study also laid a scientific foundation for the investigation of PSV epidemiology, molecular genetic characteristics, and vaccine development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated the structural properties of organic–inorganic lead halide perovskite microwires through joint experimental and theoretical Raman spectroscopy. High‐quality methyl ammonium lead iodide (MAPBI3, MA = CH3NH3+) microwires with tetragonal phases and explicit crystalline orientation were prepared. Raman spectroscopy was used in studying the as‐prepared microwires and determining not only the crystal quality but also crystalline orientation of MAPBI3 with the aid of normal mode calculations. High‐quality structural features were verified by well‐resolved Raman peaks related to the inorganic cage (IPbI stretching and bending modes below 100 cm−1), organic MA cation motions (libration ~150–200 cm−1 and torsional ~200–250 cm−1), a coupled mode of cage and MA cation liberation (~105–110 cm−1), and the almost undetectable degraded signal at 95 cm−1. In micro‐Raman mapping, an intensity ratio of 105 and 95 cm−1 was used for the direct imaging of crystal quality along the microwire. The characterization of the crystalline orientation of MAPBI3 microwires posed a challenge, which can be addressed by using polarized Raman technique with normal mode analysis. We believe that the proposed method can be extended to other organic–inorganic lead halide perovskites with different structures, such as polycrystalline films and single crystals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the multimode photoresponse (PR) features of low-voltage-driven pentacene-based organic phototransistors (OPTs) are reported by utilizing poly(4-vinylphenol) (PVP)-based gate dielectrics containing spiropyran-merocyanine (SP-MC) photochromic materials. In general, pentacene-based OPTs respond to visible light but cannot sense ultraviolet (UV) light. Incorporating SP-MC molecules provides pentacene-based OPTs with the functions of not only sensing UV light but also exhibiting different response modes to UV and visible light and thus can be used to distinguish UV and visible light sources. When the as-prepared OPTs are exposed to UV light, they can simulate the characteristics of typical paired-pulse facilitation and long-term potentiation properties as observed in photonic synaptic devices. The corresponding UV photovoltaic effects in the as-prepared OPTs are investigated in joint experimental measurements and theoretical calculations. We found large amounts of MC molecules in the prepared PVP:SP blend-based dielectrics in the dark, showing that pentacene-based OPTs have unique PR features in contrast to gate dielectrics that contained only SP. MC is an isoform of SP that is typically triggered by irradiation with UV light. Theoretical calculation results indicate that the MC form has large dipole moment features during photoexcitation and several charge transfer states exist, leading to easy separation of photogenerated charges. By contrast, SP does not have the above characteristics. Accordingly, a unique PR mechanism between UV and visible light of the present OPTs is drawn. Several distinct PR types of the as-prepared pentacene-based OPTs expand the functionality of the devices, enhancing their potential for further diverse applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sheng-ji Hua-yu(SJHY) formula is one of the most useful Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the treatment of the delayed diabetic wound. However, elucidating the related molecular biological mechanism of how the SJHY Formula affects excessive inflammation in the process of re-epithelialization of diabetic wound healing is a task urgently needed to be fulfilled. The objectives of this study is to evaluate the effect of antagonisic expression of pro-/anti-inflammatory factors on transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β) superfamily (activin and follistatin) in the process of re-epithelialization of diabetic wound healing in vivo, and to characterize the involvement of the activin/follistatin protein expression regulation, phospho-Smad (pSmad2), and Nuclear factor kappa B p50 (NF-kB) p50 in the diabetic wound healing effects of SJHY formula. Methods: SJHY Formula was prepared by pharmaceutical preparation room of Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine. Diabetic wound healing activity was evaluated by circular excision wound models. Wound healing activity was examined by macroscopic evaluation. Activin/follistatin expression regulation, protein expression of pSmad2 and NF-kB p50 in skin tissue of wounds were analyzed by Real Time PCR, Western blot, immunohistochemistry and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Results: Macroscopic evaluation analysis showed that wound healing of diabetic mice was delayed, and SJHY Formula accelerated wound healing time of diabetic mice. Real Time PCR analysis showed higher mRNA expression of activin/follistatin in diabetic delayed wound versus the wound in normal mice. Western Blot immunoassay analysis showed reduction of activin/follistatin proteins levels by SJHY Formula treatment 15 days after injury. Immunohistochemistry investigated the reduction of pSmad2 and NF-kB p50 nuclear staining in the epidermis of diabetic SJHY versus diabetic control mice on day 15 after wounding. H&E staining revealed that SJHY Formula accelerated re-epithelialization of diabetic wound healing. Conclusion: The present study found that diabetic delayed wound healing time is closely related to the high expression level of activin/follistatin, which leads to excessive inflammation in the process of re-epithelization. SJHY Formula accelerates re-epithelialization and healing time of diabetic wounds through decreasing the high expression of activin/follistatin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low-dimensional organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites possess unique microstructural, optical, and electrical properties and offer great application prospects in other fields in addition to optoelectronics. In this study, one-dimensional methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI 3) nanowires (NWs) were fabricated using an antisolvent-assisted solution method with the addition of phenethylammonium iodide (PEAI). The effects of PEAI on the crystal growth, morphology and microstructure, photoluminescence (PL), and photoresponse performance of the NWs were investigated. The results showed that the addition of the appropriate amount of PEAI transformed the morphology of MAPbI 3 from micron-scale wires to elongated NWs with a high-aspect ratio. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, scanning Kelvin probe microscopy, PL, and time-resolved PL spectroscopic characterizations were conducted, and the results confirmed that PEAI improved the microstructural properties of the as-prepared NWs and manifested surface passivation. The PEAI-treated MAPbI 3 NWs devices also exhibited a superior photoresponsivity as photodetectors compared with the untreated MAPbI 3 microwires devices. This study proposed a simple and effective method that can improve the microstructural and photoelectrical properties of low-dimensional MAPbI 3 crystals, which have a broad application potential for next-generation optoelectronic devices or detectors. • Nanowire-shaped MAPbI 3 with superior microstructural features were fabricated. • A novel approach of adding PEAI was presented to improve MAPbI 3 crystal properties. • PEAI-modified nanowires with larger crystallite size and smaller microstrain were obtained. • Emission and photoresponse properties were improved after PEAI treatment. • PEAI has a remarkable effect on the growth of low-dimensional MAPbI 3 crystals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskite microwires have a larger surface-to-volume ratio and better photoelectric conversion efficiency than perovskite films. The degree of crystallization also affects the optoelectrical performances of perovskite microwires. Laser annealing was regarded as a tool for crystallization. High light absorption induced fast heating process. A 405 nm violet laser located near the absorption peak of typical perovskite films was employed as the annealing laser. In an in situ experimental design, the annealing laser beam was combined into the micro Raman measurement system. Real-time information of the annealing and crystallization was provided. Many excellent works were done, and typically needed offline optoelectronic measurements. An mW-level continuous-wave laser beam can provide enough kinetic energy for crystalline in perovskite microwires. The thermal distribution of the perovskite microwire under the annealing laser beams was considered here. Polarized Raman signals can provide evidence of the perovskite microwires crystallization. This work offered the novel approach of an on-site, real-time laser-induced thermal annealing design for perovskite microwires. This approach can be used in other material procedures. Intensity-dependent conditions were crucial for the annealing processes and analyzed in detail. The substrate effect was found. This proposed scheme provided integrated novel, scalable, and highly effective designs of perovskite-based devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cement manufacturing industry, a resource- and energy-intensive sector, took up more than 15% of total greenhouse gas emissions in China, thus finding a clean technology option for sustainable development is essential. CO 2 curing has emerged as a promising novel method for large-scale carbon sequestration and mechanical properties improvement of cement-based composites. Currently, a body of related works is mainly investigated in the laboratory, and understandings of the behaviors of CO 2 -cured cement-based composites are still less than complete, including, 1) the CO 2 storage potential has plenty of room for improvement due to the influence mechanism of variables factors remains unclear; 2) previous evaluations were mostly based on the subsets of individual result rather than an integrated dataset; 3) whether CO 2 curing is suitable for the manufacturing process of reinforced concrete. Therefore, this paper presents a comprehensive overview covering a wide range of parameters as well as fabrication, mechanical (compressive strength), and environmental (CO 2 uptake value) performances on the basis of a correct understanding of the differences between active and passive carbonation reactions. Notably, the influences of critical factors, including those less understood, e.g., types of curing setup (flow-able, enclosed, and others), components of binder, and aggregate/binder ratio, are also analyzed and the corresponding mechanisms discussed to achieve satisfied curing efficiency. Besides, corrosion-related challenges are also be pointed out to convince the widespread acceptance of this technology. Finally, based on this paper, limitations of existing research are identified and future scope on CO 2 curing regime is proposed. • 170 studies related to CO 2 /carbonation-cured cement-based composites are analyzed. • The differences between active/passive-carbonation together with reaction mechanisms are expounded. • Fabrication and influence factors on engineering and environmental properties are systematically reviewed. • CO 2 -cured cement-based composites exhibit excellent resistance to aggressive conditions. • The challenges and opportunities in the CO 2 curing method are innovatively discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]