239 results on '"Xiaolin Xu"'
Search Results
2. Research on a Lightweight Method for Maize Seed Quality Detection Based on Improved YOLOv8
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Siqi Niu, Xiaolin Xu, Ao Liang, Yuliang Yun, Li Li, Fengqi Hao, Jinqiang Bai, and Dexin Ma
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YOLOv8 ,object detection ,lightweighting ,maize seed ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,TK1-9971 - Abstract
Seeds are the most basic and important means of production for agriculture. During the production and processing of seeds, they may undergo potential mechanical damages and mildew alterations, which might jeopardize their germination viability. Hence, checking the quality of seeds before sowing is of paramount importance for the benefit of the sower and the safety of agricultural production. In order to achieve an efficient detection of maize seed quality, our experiment assembled a dataset composed of 2,128 seeds with four different health statuses of maize: healthy, broken, moth-eaten, and mildewed. In this paper, we proposed a lightweight maize seed quality detection model for small objects based on improved YOLOv8: I-YOLOv8. Firstly, we introduced a multi-scale attention mechanism called EMA to efficiently retain information across channels and reduce computational load. Next, we chosen the SPD-Conv module for low-resolution images and small objects, and applied it to the backbone, which addressed the loss of fine-grained information and the less efficient learning of feature representations present in YOLOv8. Lastly, we reduced the large detection layer, which directed the network to pay more attention to the location, channel, and dimensional information of smaller objects, and we also replaced the loss function with WIoUv3. We validated our model using ablation studies and compared it with YOLOv5, YOLOv6, and YOLOv8. The mAP (Mean Average Precision) of the improved model I_YOLOv8 reaches 98.5%, which is 6.7% higher than YOLOv8. The average recognition time per image was 163.9fps, a boost of 5.2fps compared to YOLOv8. This study lays a theoretical foundation for the efficient, convenient, and rapid detection of maize quality, while also offering a technical basis for advancing automated maize quality detection means.
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- 2024
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3. Nanoparticles (NPs)-mediated Siglec15 silencing and macrophage repolarization for enhanced cancer immunotherapy
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Xiaodi Liu, Qi Zhang, Yixia Liang, Shiyu Xiong, Yan Cai, Jincheng Cao, Yanni Xu, Xiaolin Xu, Ye Wu, Qiang Lu, Xiaoding Xu, and Baoming Luo
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Nanoparticles ,Tumor-associated macrophages ,Macrophage repolarization ,T cell infiltration ,T cell proliferation ,Cancer immunotherapy ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 - Abstract
T cell infiltration and proliferation in tumor tissues are the main factors that significantly affect the therapeutic outcomes of cancer immunotherapy. Emerging evidence has shown that interferon-gamma (IFNγ) could enhance CXCL9 secretion from macrophages to recruit T cells, but Siglec15 expressed on TAMs can attenuate T cell proliferation. Therefore, targeted regulation of macrophage function could be a promising strategy to enhance cancer immunotherapy via concurrently promoting the infiltration and proliferation of T cells in tumor tissues. We herein developed reduction-responsive nanoparticles (NPs) made with poly (disulfide amide) (PDSA) and lipid-poly (ethylene glycol) (lipid-PEG) for systemic delivery of Siglec15 siRNA (siSiglec15) and IFNγ for enhanced cancer immunotherapy. After intravenous administration, these cargo-loaded could highly accumulate in the tumor tissues and be efficiently internalized by tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). With the highly concentrated glutathione (GSH) in the cytoplasm to destroy the nanostructure, the loaded IFNγ and siSiglec15 could be rapidly released, which could respectively repolarize macrophage phenotype to enhance CXCL9 secretion for T cell infiltration and silence Siglec15 expression to promote T cell proliferation, leading to significant inhibition of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) growth when combining with the immune checkpoint inhibitor. The strategy developed herein could be used as an effective tool to enhance cancer immunotherapy.
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- 2023
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4. The Role of Community-Based Rehabilitation and Community-Based Inclusive Development in Facilitating Access to Justice for Persons with Disabilities Globally
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Heather Michelle Aldersey, Xiaolin Xu, Venkatesh Balakrishna, Maholo Carolyne Sserunkuma, Alaa Sebeh, Zambrano Olmedo, Reshma Parvin Nuri, and Ansha Nega Ahmed
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Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Community-based rehabilitation (CBR) is a multi-sectoral strategy that addresses the human rights and inclusion of persons with disabilities. Justice is a core component within the social pillar of the CBR Matrix, however, there is limited understanding of how CBR and Community-Based Inclusive Development (CBID) programs are implementing this component globally. The CBR Global Network and partners facilitated five online dialogues in different regions of the world to understand current practices and the future of the field as it relates to justice, choice, and power in CBR/CBID. Analysis was completed both deductively and inductively, to explore the trends and issues and any similarities or differences in practice across the regions. Participants discussed (i) challenges in policy implementation and law enforcement; (ii) the role of CBR/CBID programs; (iii) the role of family (as both facilitator and barrier to accessing justice); and (iv) engagement of people with disabilities. Findings detail important experiences of the CBR/CBID stakeholders around the globe, and may inform future funding, practice, and advocacy.
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- 2023
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5. Effect of different surgical approaches on the survival and safety of Siewert type II esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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Hongyang Zheng, Xingmei Yin, Tiewen Pan, Xiandong Tao, Xiaolin Xu, and Zhenjia Li
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Transthoracic ,Transabdominal ,Siewert type II ,Esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma ,Meta-analysis ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Abstract Background Whether a transthoracic (TT) procedure by a thoracic surgeon or a transabdominal (TA) by a gastrointestinal surgeon is best for Siewert type II esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma (EGJA) remains unknown. Survival and perioperative outcomes were compared between the two groups in this meta-analysis to clarify this argument. Methods We searched 7 databases for eligible studies comparing TT and TA procedures for Siewert type II EGJA. The final analyzed endpoints included intraoperative and hospitalization outcomes, recurrence, complication, and survival. Results Seventeen studies involving 10,756 patients met the inclusion criteria. The TA group had higher rates of overall survival (OS) (HR: 1.31 [1.20 ~ 1.44], p
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- 2023
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6. Association between multimorbidity and informal long-term care use in China: a nationwide cohort study
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Shu Chen, Yafei Si, Katja Hanewald, Bingqin Li, Chenkai Wu, Xiaolin Xu, and Hazel Bateman
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Multimorbidity ,Informal long-term care ,Socio-economic disparities ,Regional disparities ,Economic burden ,Geriatrics ,RC952-954.6 - Abstract
Abstract Background The impact of multimorbidity on long-term care (LTC) use is understudied, despite its well-documented negative effects on functional disabilities. The current study aims to assess the association between multimorbidity and informal LTC use in China. We also explored the socioeconomic and regional disparities. Methods The study included 10,831 community-dwelling respondents aged 45 years and older from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study in 2011, 2015, and 2018 for analysis. We used a two-part model with random effects to estimate the association between multimorbidity and informal LTC use. Heterogeneity of the association by socioeconomic position (education and income) and region was explored via a subgroup analysis. We further converted the change of informal LTC hours associated with multimorbidity into monetary value and calculated the 95% uncertainty interval (UI). Results The reported prevalence of multimorbidity was 60·0% (95% CI: 58·9%, 61·2%) in 2018. We found multimorbidity was associated with an increased likelihood of receiving informal LTC (OR = 2·13; 95% CI: 1·97, 2·30) and more hours of informal LTC received (IRR = 1·20; 95% CI: 1·06, 1·37), ceteris paribus. Participants in the highest income quintile received more hours of informal LTC care (IRR = 1·62; 95% CI: 1·31, 1·99). The estimated monetary value of increased informal LTC hours among participants with multimorbidity was equivalent to 3·7% (95% UI: 2·2%, 5·4%) of China’s GDP in 2018. Conclusion Our findings substantiate the threat of multimorbidity to LTC burden. It is imperative to strengthen LTC services provision, especially among older adults with multimorbidity and ensure equal access among those with lower income.
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- 2023
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7. Immunization coverage, knowledge, satisfaction, and associated factors of non-National Immunization Program vaccines among migrant and left-behind families in China: evidence from Zhejiang and Henan provinces
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Yaguan Zhou, Duanhui Li, Yuan Cao, Fenhua Lai, Yu Wang, Qian Long, Zifan Zhang, Chuanbo An, and Xiaolin Xu
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Non-National Immunization Program vaccines ,Migrant family ,Left-behind family ,Immunization coverage ,Immunization knowledge ,Immunization satisfaction ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Background Migrant and left-behind families are vulnerable in health services utilization, but little is known about their disparities in immunization of non-National Immunization Program (NIP) vaccines. This study aims to evaluate the immunization coverage, knowledge, satisfaction, and associated factors of non-NIP vaccines among local and migrant families in the urban areas and non-left-behind and left-behind families in the rural areas of China. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in urban areas of Zhejiang and rural areas of Henan in China. A total of 1648 caregivers of children aged 1–6 years were interviewed face-to-face by a pre-designed online questionnaire, and their families were grouped into four types: local urban, migrant, non-left-behind, and left-behind. Non-NIP vaccines included Hemophilus influenza b (Hib) vaccine, varicella vaccine, rotavirus vaccine, enterovirus 71 vaccine (EV71) and 13-valent pneumonia vaccine (PCV13). Log-binomial regression models were used to calculate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the difference on immunization coverage of children, and knowledge and satisfaction of caregivers among families. The network models were conducted to explore the interplay of immunization coverage, knowledge, and satisfaction. Logistic regression models with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were used to estimate the associated factors of non-NIP vaccination. Results The immunization coverage of all non-NIP vaccines and knowledge of all items of local urban families was the highest, followed by migrant, non-left-behind and left-behind families. Compared with local urban children, the PRs (95% CIs) for getting all vaccinated were 0.65 (0.52–0.81), 0.29 (0.22–0.37) and 0.14 (0.09–0.21) among migrant children, non-left-behind children and left-behind children, respectively. The coverage-knowledge-satisfaction network model showed the core node was the satisfaction of vaccination schedule. Non-NIP vaccination was associated with characteristics of both children and caregivers, including age of children (> 2 years-OR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.07–2.68 for local urban children; 2.67, 1.39–5.13 for migrant children; 3.09, 1.23–7.76 for non-left-behind children); and below caregivers’ characteristics: family role (parents: 0.37, 0.14–0.99 for non-left-behind children), age (≤ 35 years: 7.27, 1.39–37.94 for non-left-behind children), sex (female: 0.49, 0.30–0.81 for local urban children; 0.31, 0.15–0.62 for non-left-behind children), physical health (more than average: 1.58, 1.07–2.35 for local urban children) and non-NIP vaccines knowledge (good: 0.45, 0.30–0.68 for local urban children; 7.54, 2.64–21.50 for left-behind children). Conclusions There were immunization disparities in non-NIP vaccines among migrant and left-behind families compared with their local counterparts. Non-NIP vaccination promotion strategies, including education on caregivers, and optimization of the immunization information system, should be delivered particularly among left-behind and migrant families. Graphical Abstract
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- 2023
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8. Drug Combination Nanoparticles Containing Gemcitabine and Paclitaxel Enable Orthotopic 4T1 Breast Tumor Regression
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Jesse Yu, Xiaolin Xu, James Ian Griffin, Qingxin Mu, and Rodney J. Y. Ho
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gemcitabine ,paclitaxel ,drug-combination ,nanoparticles ,breast cancer ,lymphatic delivery ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Early diagnosis, intervention, and therapeutic advancements have extended the lives of breast cancer patients; however, even with molecularly targeted therapies, many patients eventually progress to metastatic cancer. Recent data suggest that residual breast cancer cells often reside in the lymphatic system before rapidly spreading through the bloodstream. To address this challenge, an effective drug combination composed of gemcitabine (G) and paclitaxel (T) is administered intravenously in sequence at the metastatic stage, but intravenous GT infusion may limit lymphatic GT drug accessibility and asynchronous drug exposure in cancer cells within the lymph. To determine whether co-localization of intracellular gemcitabine and paclitaxel (referred to as GT) could overcome these limitations and enhance the efficacy of GT, we have evaluated a previously reported GT drug-combination formulated in nanoparticle (referred to as GT-in-DcNP) evaluated in an orthotopic breast tumor model. Previously, with indocyanine green-labeled nanoparticles, we reported that GT-in-DcNP particles after subcutaneous dosing were taken up rapidly and preferentially into the lymph instead of blood vessels. The pharmacokinetic study showed enhanced co-localization of GT within the tumors and likely through lymphatic access, before drug apparency in the plasma leading to apparent long-acting plasma time-course. The mechanisms may be related to significantly greater inhibitions of tumor growth—by 100 to 140 times—in both sub-iliac and axillary regions compared to the equivalent dosing with free-and-soluble GT formulation. Furthermore, GT-in-DcNP exhibited dose-dependent effects with significant tumor regression. In contrast, even at the highest dose of free GT combination, only a modest tumor growth reduction was notable. Preliminary studies with MDA-231-HM human breast cancer in an orthotopic xenograft model indicated that GT-in-DcNP may be effective in suppressing human breast tumor growth. Taken together, the synchronized delivery of GT-in-DcNP to mammary tumors through the lymphatic system offers enhanced cellular retention and greater efficacy.
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- 2024
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9. Corrigendum: Genetic liability for diet-derived circulating antioxidants, oxidative stress, and risk of osteoarthritis: a Mendelian randomization study
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Yidan Tang, Xiaolin Xu, Shuangyi Zhang, Weishuang Kong, Weiyi Zhang, and Tao Zhu
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antioxidant ,oxidative stress ,osteoarthritis ,causal effect ,Mendelian ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 - Published
- 2024
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10. Bioinspired Structural Composite Flexible Material with High Cushion Performance
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Zhiqiang Zhuang, Zhihui Qian, Xu Wang, Xiaolin Xu, Boya Chen, Guangsheng Song, Xiangyu Liu, Lei Ren, and Luquan Ren
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cushioning performance ,impact force ,integrated bionic strategy ,structural composite flexible materials ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Impacts occur everywhere, and they pose a serious threat to human health and production safety. Flexible materials with efficient cushioning and energy absorption are ideal candidates to provide protection from impacts. Despite the high demand, the cushioning capacity of protective materials is still limited. In this study, an integrated bionic strategy is proposed, and a bioinspired structural composite material with highly cushioning performance is developed on the basis of this strategy. The results demonstrated that the integrated bionic material, an S‐spider web‐foam, has excellent energy storage and dissipation as well as cushioning performance. Under impact loading, S‐spider web‐foam can reduce peak impact forces by a factor of 3.5 times better than silicone foam, achieving unprecedented cushioning performance. The results of this study deepen the understanding of flexible cushioning materials and may provide new strategies and inspiration for the preparation of high‐performance flexible cushioning materials.
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- 2024
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11. Synergistic Effect of Cardiometabolic Multimorbidity and Depression on Longitudinal Cognitive Decline: Results from two Longitudinal Asian Elderly Cohorts
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Xuhao Zhao, Yifan Yan, Eddie Chong, Narayan aswamy Venket asubra manian, Changzheng Yuan, Christopher Chen, Xiaolin Xu, and Xin Xu
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Specialties of internal medicine ,RC581-951 ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Introduction: Cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) and depression are risk factors for cognitive decline and dementia. We investigated the independent and synergistic associations of CMM and depression on longitudinal cognitive deterioration in two Asian cohorts of elderly at varying cognitive status with differed underlying neuropathology. Methods: Eligible memory clinic (Harmonization) and stroke patients (Coast) aged ≥50 completed cognitive and clinical assessments at baseline and up to 5 follow-up visits in 6 years. Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs), including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, stroke and other cardiovascular diseases were assessed. Presence of CMM was defined as having two or more CMDs. Depression was defined by Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) of ≥5. Biomarkers including cerebral beta-amyloid, cerebrovascular disease and ApoE genotype, were assessed by MRI and laboratory tests. Cognitive outcomes included cognitive trajectory patterns identified by the group-based trajectory model (GBTM) and the rate of change of global cognitive z-score. Multivariable logistic models and mixed models were conducted to assess the associations of CMM(+) and depression(+) with longitudinal cognitive decline. Stratification analysis by demographics and biomarkers was conducted. Results: Among a total of 809 (Harmonization: 586, Coast: 223) participants, three cognitive trajectories were identified by the GBTM in each cohort. CMM(+) was independently associated with longitudinal cognitive decline. There was a significant interaction among CMM, depression and time with longitudinal cognition in both cohorts (ps of β(CMM*depression*time) < 0.05). Compared with reference group, CMM(+) and depression(+) were associated with patterns of rapid decline (OR=3.58, =95%CI=(1.64,7.81)) and slow decline (OR=3.32, 95%CI=(1.20,9.19)) in Harmonization, and decline/low stable (OR=4.01, 95%CI=(1.03,15.50)) in Coast. Participants with CMM(+) and depression(+) had a 0.24 (95%CI= -0.49, -0.01) and 0.13 (95%CI=-0.24,-0.01) units decline per year on global cognitive z-scores in Harmonization and Coast, respectively, compared with those with CMM(-) and depression(-). The combined effect between CMM and depression was more pronounced among older and male participants, as well as APOEε4 carriers. Discussion: Our study demonstrated a synergistic effect between CMM and depression on longitudinal cognitive decline among elderly with differed underlying neuropathology. Targeting both CMM and depression in preventing cognitive decline may lead to greater effectiveness.
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- 2024
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12. Constructing models for Crohn's disease diagnosis and prediction of infliximab non-response based on angiogenesis-related genes
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Chenwei Zheng, Xiangbo Chen, Yujing Ke, Xiaolin Xu, Chao Wu, and Lingling Jiang
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Crohn’s disease ,bioinformatics analysis ,machine learning ,infliximab ,angiogenesis ,prediction model ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
BackgroundAngiogenesis response plays a crucial role in the occurrence and development of Crohn’s disease (CD) and may involve the mechanism of infliximab non-response. However, the role of angiogenesis-related genes in Crohn’s disease has not been comprehensively studied. This study aimed to explore the expression profiles of angiogenesis-related genes in CD patients and construct models for disease diagnosis and prediction of infliximab non-response.MethodsCD-related microarray datasets were collected from the GEO database. Unsupervised consensus clustering analysis was performed based on differentially expressed angiogenesis-related genes to divide CD samples into two distinct clusters. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was conducted on the clusters to identify angiogenesis-related module. Based on the differentially expressed genes in the module, machine learning algorithms were employed to further identify hub genes and construct a disease diagnostic model. Subsequently, treatment outcome-related genes were extracted from these hub genes, and a predictive model for infliximab non-response in CD patients was ultimately built.ResultsBased on angiogenesis-related genes, we identified two distinct CD clusters (C1 and C2). Compared to C1, the metabolic pathways in C2 were significantly upregulated, and there was a higher abundance of cell clusters such as M1 macrophages and plasma cells. Additionally, C2 showed a poorer response to infliximab. Furthermore, a predictive model for infliximab non-response in CD patients was constructed based on the hub genes, and it was successfully validated using an external dataset.ConclusionComprehensive analysis of angiogenesis-related genes revealed different clusters of CD, which exhibited differential response rates to infliximab. The construction of models provides a reference for disease diagnosis and drug selection, aiding in clinical decision-making.
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- 2024
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13. Community-based rehabilitation/community based inclusive development functioning during the COVID-19 pandemic: A secondary analysis of qualitative data.
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Ansha Nega Ahmed, Reshma Parvin Nuri, Xiaolin Xu, Venkatesh Balakrishna, Alaa Sebeh, Carolyne Maholo, and Heather Michelle Aldersey
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
IntroductionThe coronavirus (COVID-19) became a global pandemic in March 2020 and impacted nations worldwide not only because of the disease but also because the containment measures-imposed created ripple effects for the populations in each country. The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately affected vulnerable groups, such as persons with disabilities. This study aimed to understand the impact of COVID-19 on the function of Community-Based Rehabilitation (CBR)/Community-Based Inclusive Development (CBID) across nations and for their target communities-persons with disabilities. The current article also described some measures CBR/CBID programs took in light of service closure to facilitate access to needed services for persons with disabilities.MethodsWe conducted a secondary analysis of qualitative data to understand the impact of COVID-19 on the functioning of CBR/CBID programs and their target communities. The original qualitative data were collected through online dialogues among CBR/CBID partners across five regions of the world, facilitated for understanding of their practices on five other topics.FindingsCOVID-19 significantly impacted the function of CBR/CBID programs across the world. Many services were halted due to public health measures, such as maintaining social distancing or lockdowns. The COVID-19 pandemic also had a negative impact on access to health, education and livelihood support for persons with disabilities. Additionally, many people with disabilities did not have access to COVID-19 related information and services like vaccines. However, we found that technology played a significant role in revitalizing CBR/CBID programs during COVID-19. CBR/CBID service providers across five regions used online platforms to disseminate information about COVID-19. Professionals also used technology to provide rehabilitation and educational services to people with disabilities through online platforms.ConclusionOur findings suggest that technology can play a vital role in continuing many services (e.g., CBR/CBID) that cannot be offered in person during crises like COVID-19. However, it is important to remember that technology may not be accessible to many individuals with disabilities, specifically those who reside in rural areas and who experience adverse situations like financial constraints. Additionally, many persons with disabilities may not have the necessary knowledge and skills to use technology. CBR personnel must consider that before adopting technology to provide services under CBR programs.
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- 2024
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14. Maduramicin-guided nanotherapy: A polymeric micelles for targeted drug delivery in canine mammary tumors
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Xinhao Song, Mengjuan Lin, Tian Fang, Jiahao Gong, Junqi Wang, Shasha Gao, Xiaolin Xu, Xin Lv, Xiuge Gao, Junren Zhang, Shanxiang Jiang, and Dawei Guo
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Maduramicin ,Canine mammary tumors ,Polymer micelles ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 - Abstract
Canine mammary tumors (CMT) can severely compromise the life quality of the affected dogs through local recurrence, distant metastases and ultimately succumb to death. Recently, more attention has been given to the potential antimetastatic effect of maduramicin (MAD) on breast cancer. However, its poor aqueous solubility and toxicity to normal tissues limit its clinical application. Therefore, to address the drawbacks of MAD and enhance its anticancer and antimetastatic effects, MAD-loaded TPGS polymeric micelles (MAD-TPGS) were prepared by a thin-film hydration technique. The optimized MAD-TPGS exhibited excellent size distribution, stability and improved water solubility. Cellular uptake assays showed that TPGS polymer micelles could enhance drug internalization. Moreover, TPGS synergistically improved the cytotoxicity of MAD by targeting mitochondrial organelles, improving reactive oxygen species levels and reducing the mitochondrial transmembrane potential. More importantly, MAD-TPGS significantly impeded the metastasis of tumor cells. In vivo results further confirmed that, in addition to exhibiting excellent biocompatibility, MAD-TPGS exhibited greater antitumor efficacy than free MAD. Interestingly, MAD-TPGS displayed superior suppression of CMT metastasis via tail vein injection compared to oral administration, indicating its suitability for intravenous delivery. Overall, MAD-TPGS could be applied as a potential antimetastatic cancer agent for CMT.
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- 2024
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15. Healthy lifestyles in relation to cardiometabolic diseases among schoolteachers: A cross‐sectional study
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Liyan Huang, Mengjie He, Jie Shen, Yiying Gong, Hui Chen, Xiaolin Xu, Geng Zong, Yan Zheng, Chao Jiang, Baohong Wang, Ronghua Zhang, and Changzheng Yuan
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healthy lifestyle ,cardiometabolic diseases ,schoolteachers ,cross‐sectional study ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Background We aimed to explore the associations of adherence to an overall healthy lifestyle with cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) among schoolteachers in China. Methods We conducted a cross‐sectional analysis among 2983 teachers (aged 39.8 ± 9.3 years, 73.8% women) in Zhejiang Province, China. A healthy lifestyle score (0–7) was constructed based on seven low‐risk factors: healthy diet, noncurrent smoking, noncurrent drinking, regular exercise, normal body mass index (BMI), adequate sleep duration, and limited sedentary behavior. CMDs included self‐reported hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, and stroke. Multivariable‐adjusted logistic regression models were used to evaluate the associations between healthy lifestyle and CMD. Results A total of 493 (16.5%) participants had at least one CMD, with hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes being the three leading CMDs. Each point increment in a healthy lifestyle score was associated with 20% lower odds of having CMD (p‐trend
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- 2023
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16. Comparison of day surgery between varicose veins with and without superficial venous thrombosis below knee: a propensity score-matched analysis
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Jiatang Xu, Xiaolin Xu, Jing Tian, Minyi Huang, Zuqi Xia, Xianghui Luo, Junmeng Zheng, and Kai Huang
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Varicose veins ,Day surgery ,Superficial venous thrombosis ,Propensity score matching ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Abstract
Abstract Objectives Development of endovenous treatment and sclerotherapy technology makes it feasible for clinicians to treat varicose veins (VV) through day surgery (DS). Superficial venous thrombosis (SVT) of lower extremities is a common complication of VV. This study aimed to investigate whether the existence of SVT below knee affect the safety and efficacy of DS for VV patients. Methods This is a single-center retrospective study. Clinical data of 593 VV patients was retrospectively analyzed. Raw data were matched by the using of propensity score matching model. Operation time, technical failure, postoperative DVT, skin burns, saphenous nerve injury, subcutaneous induration, and bleeding were compared between the groups. Also, we compared VV recurrence, SVT formation, DVT events and the change of VCSS score with 12 months. Results Fifty-nine patients complicated with SVT below knee were matched with 118 patients had VV only. Perioperative and follow-up outcomes were similar in both groups except for the number of incisions (median = 6 [5, 7] VS median = 4 [4, 5], P
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- 2023
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17. Development and validation of a nomogram to predict the recurrence of eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma
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Zihan Nie, Jialu Geng, Xiaolin Xu, Ruiheng Zhang, and Dongmei Li
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eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma ,nomogram ,prediction ,recurrence ,survival ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Abstract Purpose Eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma (SGC) is a malignancy with fatal risk, high recurrence rate, and pagetoid spread. Thus, recurrence risk prediction and prompt treatment are extremely important. This study aimed to develop a nomogram to predict SGC recurrence based on potential risk factors. Methods We conducted a retrospective study to train and test a nomogram based on the clinical data of 391 patients across our hospital (304) and other grass‐roots hospitals (87). After Cox regression, predictors included in the nomogram were selected, and sensitivity, specificity, concordance index (C‐index), etc., were calculated to test their discrimination ability. Results After a median follow‐up period of 4.12 years, SGC recurred in 52 (17.11%) patients. The 1‐, 2‐, and 5‐year recurrence‐free survival rates were 88.3%, 85.4%, and 81.6%, respectively. We examined five risk factors, such as lymph node metastasis at initial diagnosis (hazard ratio [HR], 2.260; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.021–5.007), Ki67 (HR, 1.036; 95% CI, 1.020–1.052), histology differentiation degree (HR, 2.274; 95% CI, 1.063–4.865), conjunctival pagetoid infiltration (HR, 2.100; 95% CI, 1.0058–4.167), and orbital involvement (HR, 4.764; 95% CI, 1.436–15.803). The model had good discrimination in both internal and external test sets. The model had good discrimination in both internal and external test sets. The sensitivity of the internal test and external test set were 0.722 and 0.806, respectively, and specificity of the internal test and external test set were 0.886 and 0.893, respectively. Conclusion We examined the potential risk factors for eyelid SGC recurrence and constructed a nomogram, which complements the TNM system in terms of prediction, indicating that our nomogram has the potential to reach clinical significance. This nomogram has the potential to assist healthcare practitioners in promptly detecting patients who are at an elevated risk and in tailoring clinical interventions to meet their individualized needs.
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- 2023
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18. Association of birth and childhood weight with risk of chronic diseases and multimorbidity in adulthood
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Yue Zhang, Yaguan Zhou, Yangyang Cheng, Rodrigo M. Carrillo-Larco, Muhammad Fawad, Shu Chen, and Xiaolin Xu
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Medicine - Abstract
Abstract Background Little is known about the relationship between early life body size and occurrence of life-course multiple chronic diseases (multimorbidity). We aim to evaluate associations of birth weight, childhood body size, and their changes with the risks of chronic diseases and multimorbidity. Methods This prospective cohort study included 246,495 UK Biobank participants (aged 40–69 years) who reported birth weight and childhood body size at 10 years old. Birth weight was categorized into low, normal, and high; childhood body size was reported as being thinner, average, or plumper. Multimorbidity was defined as having two or more of 38 chronic conditions retrieved from inpatient hospital data until 31 December, 2020. The Cox regression and quasi-Poisson mixed effects models were used to estimate the associations. Results We show that 57,071 (23.2%) participants develop multimorbidity. Low birth weight (hazard ratio [HR] 1.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.26–1.33), high birth weight (HR 1.02, 95% CI > 1.00–1.05), thinner (HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.18–1.23) and plumper body size (HR 1.06, 95% CI 1.04–1.09) are associated with higher risks of multimorbidity. A U-shaped relationship between birth weight and multimorbidity is observed. Changing to be thinner or plumper is associated with multimorbidity and many conditions, compared to changing to be average. Conclusions Low birth weight, being thinner and changing to have a thinner body size in childhood are associated with higher risks of developing multimorbidity and many chronic conditions in adulthood. Early monitoring and maintaining a normal body size in childhood could have life-course benefits for preventing multimorbidity above and beyond individual conditions.
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- 2023
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19. Non-interfacial self-assembly of synthetic protocells
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Xiaolin Xu, Wencai Guan, Xiaolei Yu, Guoxiong Xu, and Chenglong Wang
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Non-interfacial self-assembly ,Protocell ,mRNA vaccine ,Cancer immunotherapy ,Calcium homeostasis ,Medical technology ,R855-855.5 - Abstract
Abstract Background Protocell refers to the basic unit of life and synthetic molecular assembly with cell structure and function. The protocells have great applications in the field of biomedical technology. Simulating the morphology and function of cells is the key to the preparation of protocells. However, some organic solvents used in the preparation process of protocells would damage the function of the bioactive substance. Perfluorocarbon, which has no toxic effect on bioactive substances, is an ideal solvent for protocell preparation. However, perfluorocarbon cannot be emulsified with water because of its inertia. Methods Spheroids can be formed in nature even without emulsification, since liquid can reshape the morphology of the solid phase through the scouring action, even if there is no stable interface between the two phases. Inspired by the formation of natural spheroids such as pebbles, we developed non-interfacial self-assembly (NISA) of microdroplets as a step toward synthetic protocells, in which the inert perfluorocarbon was utilized to reshape the hydrogel through the scouring action. Results The synthetic protocells were successfully obtained by using NISA-based protocell techniques, with the morphology very similar to native cells. Then we simulated the cell transcription process in the synthetic protocell and used the protocell as an mRNA carrier to transfect 293T cells. The results showed that protocells delivered mRNAs, and successfully expressed proteins in 293T cells. Further, we used the NISA method to fabricate an artificial cell by extracting and reassembling the membrane, proteins, and genomes of ovarian cancer cells. The results showed that the recombination of tumor cells was successfully achieved with similar morphology as tumor cells. In addition, the synthetic protocell prepared by the NISA method was used to reverse cancer chemoresistance by restoring cellular calcium homeostasis, which verified the application value of the synthetic protocell as a drug carrier. Conclusion This synthetic protocell fabricated by the NISA method simulates the occurrence and development process of primitive life, which has great potential application value in mRNA vaccine, cancer immunotherapy, and drug delivery. Graphical Abstract
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- 2023
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20. Target Finder of Transcription Factor (TFoTF): a novel tool to predict transcription factor‐targeted genes in cancer
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Fanchen Wang, Xiaolin Xu, Xin Li, Jia Yuan, Xuzhu Gao, Chenglong Wang, Wencai Guan, and Guoxiong Xu
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gene expression ,position weight matrices ,STAT1 ,transcriptional regulation ,tumorigenesis ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) are key players in the regulation of gene transcription in mammalian cells. Although high‐throughput screening can be used to identify differentially expressed genes between comparable groups, the precision of the corresponding datasets is far from optimal. Here, we establish Target Finder of Transcription Factor (TFoTF), a method for the prediction of TF‐targeted genes from genomic and cancer‐related transcriptomic data. TFoTF can identify potential TF‐targeted genes in large cancer datasets and efficiently estimate correlations between TFs and their targeted genes with a significant level of specificity, sensitivity, and precision. Overall, TFoTF is an easy‐to‐use tool that can be utilized to generate testable hypotheses in the context of cancer research projects.
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- 2023
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21. Enhanced In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Ivermectin-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers against Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus via Improved Intracellular Delivery
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Xiaolin Xu, Shasha Gao, Qindan Zuo, Jiahao Gong, Xinhao Song, Yongshi Liu, Jing Xiao, Xiaofeng Zhai, Haifeng Sun, Mingzhi Zhang, Xiuge Gao, and Dawei Guo
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ivermectin ,antivirus ,nanostructured lipid carriers ,porcine epidemic diarrhea virus ,intracellular delivery ,Pharmacy and materia medica ,RS1-441 - Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is an acute enteric coronavirus, inducing watery diarrhea and high mortality in piglets, leading to huge economic losses in global pig industry. Ivermectin (IVM), an FDA-approved antiparasitic agent, is characterized by high efficacy and wide applicability. However, the poor bioavailability limits its application. Since the virus is parasitized inside the host cells, increasing the intracellular drug uptake can improve antiviral efficacy. Hence, we aimed to develop nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) to enhance the antiviral efficacy of IVM. The findings first revealed the capacity of IVM to inhibit the infectivity of PEDV by reducing viral replication with a certain direct inactivation effect. The as-prepared IVM-NLCs possessed hydrodynamic diameter of 153.5 nm with a zeta potential of −31.5 mV and high encapsulation efficiency (95.72%) and drug loading (11.17%). IVM interacted with lipids and was enveloped in lipid carriers with an amorphous state. Furthermore, its encapsulation in NLCs could enhance drug internalization. Meanwhile, IVM-NLCs inhibited PEDV proliferation by up to three orders of magnitude in terms of viral RNA copies, impeding the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and mitigating the mitochondrial dysfunction caused by PEDV infection. Moreover, IVM-NLCs markedly decreased the apoptosis rate of PEDV-induced Vero cells. Hence, IVM-NLCs showed superior inhibitory effect against PEDV compared to free IVM. Together, these results implied that NLCs is an efficient delivery system for IVM to improve its antiviral efficacy against PEDV via enhanced intracellular uptake.
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- 2024
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22. Identification of RAC1 in promoting brain metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma using single-cell transcriptome sequencing
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Mingyu Chen, Hanyue Li, Xiaolin Xu, Xunxia Bao, Lei Xue, Xinghao Ai, Jian Xu, Ming Xu, Yong Shi, Timing Zhen, Jie Li, Yi Yang, Yang Ji, Zhiliang Fu, Kaichen Xing, Tao Qing, Qiubo Wang, Ping Zhong, and Sibo Zhu
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Cytology ,QH573-671 - Abstract
Abstract This study aims to give a new perspective to the biomarkers in the lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) brain metastasis, pathways involved and potential therapeutics. We performed a comprehensive single-cell level transcriptomic analysis on one LUAD patient with circulating tumor cells (CTCs), primary tumor tissue and metastatic tumor tissue using scRNA-seq approach to identify metastasis related biomarkers. Further scRNA-seq were performed on 7 patients to validate the cancer metastatic hallmark. with single cells collected from either metastatic or primary LUAD tissues. Pathological and functional studies were also performed to evidence the critical role of RAC1 in the LUAD metastasis. Hallmark gene was verified based on immunohistochemistry staining, cytological experiment, survival information from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and staining results from Human Protein Atlas (HPA) databases. PCA analysis revealed that CTCs were in the intermediate place between the metastatic group and primary group. In the unsupervised clustering analysis CTCs were closer to one of the metastatic tumor cells, implying heterogeneity of the metastatic tumor and origin of the CTCs were from metastatic site. Transitional phase related gene analysis identified RAC1 was enriched in metastatic tumor tissue (MTT) preferred gene set functioning as regulated cell death and apoptosis as well as promoted macromolecule organization. Compared with normal tissue, expression levels of RAC1 increased significantly in LUAD tissue based on HPA database. High expression of RAC1 predicts worse prognosis and higher-risk. EMT analysis identified the propensity of mesenchymal state in primary cells while epithelial signals were higher in the metastatic site. Functional clustering and pathway analyses suggested genes in RAC1 highly expressed cells played critical roles in adhesion, ECM and VEGF signaling pathways. Inhibition of RAC1 attenuates the proliferation, invasiveness and migration ability of lung cancer cells. Besides, through MRI T2WI results, we proved that RAC1 can promote brain metastasis in the RAC1-overexpressed H1975 cell burden nude mouse model. RAC1 and its mechanisms might promote drug design against LUAD brain metastasis.
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- 2023
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23. Development of the health literacy assessment instrument for chronic pain patients: A Delphi study
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Siqing Chen, Meijuan Cao, Jing Zhang, Lili Yang, Xiaolin Xu, and Xingwei Zhang
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chronic pain ,delphi technique ,evaluation ,health literacy ,instruments ,Nursing ,RT1-120 - Abstract
Abstract Aim To develop health literacy assessment instrument for patients with chronic pain. Design Qualitative methods based on Delphi technique, assessed against the CREDES checklist. Methods A 2‐round Delphi method was adopted in this study. The panel consisted of 19 experts. Results The health literacy assessment instrument for chronic pain patients was constructed, which contained 3 dimensions (functional health literacy, interactive health literacy and critical health literacy) and 41 items. The positive coefficients of two rounds Delphi were 100.00% and 89.5%, respectively. The authority coefficient of experts was 0.848 and 0.858, respectively. The coordination coefficients of dimension and items were 0.222 and 0.364, respectively. Conclusions The health literacy assessment instrument dimensions and items for patients with chronic pain based on a Delphi method are valid. This instrument is suitable for investigating the health literacy level of patients with chronic pain.
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- 2023
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24. Genetic liability for diet-derived circulating antioxidants, oxidative stress, and risk of osteoarthritis: a Mendelian randomization study
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Yidan Tang, Xiaolin Xu, Shuangyi Zhang, Weishuang Kong, Weiyi Zhang, and Tao Zhu
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antioxidant ,oxidative stress ,osteoarthritis ,causal effect ,Mendelian ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 - Abstract
BackgroundAlthough well-documented, the causal relationships between diet-derived circulating antioxidants, oxidative stress, and osteoarthritis (OA) are equivocal. The objective of this study is to employ two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate possible causal relationships among dietary-derived circulating antioxidants, oxidative stress damage indicators, and OA risk.MethodsSingle-nucleotide polymorphisms for diet-derived circulating antioxidants (ascorbate, β-carotene, lycopene, retinol, and α-and γ-tocopherol), assessed as absolute levels and metabolites, as well as oxidative stress injury biomarkers (GSH, GPX, CAT, SOD, albumin, and total bilirubin), were retrieved from the published data and were used as genetic instrumental variables. Summary statistics for gene–OA associations were obtained from publicly available and two relatively large-scale GWAS meta-analyses to date. The inverse-variance weighting method was utilized as the primary MR analysis. Moreover, multivariable MR was used to determine if mediators (BMI and smoking) causally mediated any connection. Furthermore, for each exposure, MR analyses were conducted per outcome database and then meta-analyzed.ResultsGenetically predicted absolute retinol level was causally associated with hip OA risk [odds ratios (ORs) = 0.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.24–0.68, FDR-corrected p = 0.042]. Moreover, genetically predicted albumin level was causally associated with total OA risk (OR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.75–0.86, FDR-corrected p = 2.20E-11), as well as the risk of hip OA (OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.68–0.84, FDR-corrected p = 1.38E-06) and knee OA (OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.76–0.89, FDR-corrected p = 4.49E-06). In addition, MVMR confirmed that the effect of albumin on hip OA is independent of smoking initiation, alcoholic drinks per week, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity levels but may be influenced by BMI.ConclusionEvidence from our study supports a potentially protective effect of high levels of retinol and albumin on OA risk.
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- 2023
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25. Progression and trajectory network of age-related functional impairments and their combined associations with mortality
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Hui Chen, Binghan Wang, Rongxia Lv, Tianjing Zhou, Jie Shen, Huan Song, Xiaolin Xu, Yuan Ma, and Changzheng Yuan
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health sciences ,age ,bioinformatics ,association analysis ,Science - Abstract
Summary: Age-related functional impairments (ARFIs) contribute to the loss of independence in older adults, but their progressions, interrelations, and combined relations with mortality are largely unknown. We conducted a prospective study among 17,914 participants in the Health and Retirement Study (2000–2020). The incidence rates of visual impairment, hearing impairment, physical frailty, and cognitive impairment increased exponentially with age, while those of restless sleep and depression increased relatively slowly. These ARFIs were associated with each other in temporal sequence and constituted a hazard network. We observed a dose-response relationship between the number of ARFIs and mortality risk, and the dyads involving physical frailty demonstrated the strongest associations with mortality. Our findings may assist in the identification of individuals at higher mortality risk and highlight the potential for future investigations to explore the impact of multiple ARFIs in aging.
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- 2023
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26. Crosstalk between septic shock and venous thromboembolism: a bioinformatics and immunoassay analysis
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Zhishu Li, Chaolan Wang, Xu Zhang, Xiaolin Xu, Meng Wang, and Lixia Dong
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bioinformatics ,inflammation ,sepsis ,venous thromboembolism ,immunology ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
BackgroundHerein, we applied bioinformatics methods to analyze the crosstalk between septic shock (SS) and venous thromboembolism (VTE), focusing on the correlation with immune infiltrating cells.MethodsExpression data were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, including blood samples from SS patients (datasets GSE64457, GSE95233, and GSE57065) and VTE patients (GSE19151). We used the R package “limma” for differential expression analysis (p value
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- 2023
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27. Serum/plasma biomarkers and the progression of cardiometabolic multimorbidity: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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Yichen Jin, Ziyuan Xu, Yuting Zhang, Yue Zhang, Danyang Wang, Yangyang Cheng, Yaguan Zhou, Muhammad Fawad, and Xiaolin Xu
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biomarker ,cardiometabolic multimorbidity ,type 2 diabetes mellitus ,coronary heart disease ,stroke ,systematic review ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
BackgroundThe role of certain biomarkers in the development of single cardiometabolic disease (CMD) has been intensively investigated. Less is known about the association of biomarkers with multiple CMDs (cardiometabolic multimorbidity, CMM), which is essential for the exploration of molecular targets for the prevention and treatment of CMM. We aimed to systematically synthesize the current evidence on CMM-related biomarkers.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Ebsco for relevant studies from inception until August 31st, 2022. Studies reported the association of serum/plasma biomarkers with CMM, and relevant effect sizes were included. The outcomes were five progression patterns of CMM: (1) no CMD to CMM; (2) type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) followed by stroke; (3) T2DM followed by coronary heart disease (CHD); (4) T2DM followed by stroke or CHD; and (5) CHD followed by T2DM. Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS) was used to assess the quality of the included studies. A meta-analysis was conducted to quantify the association of biomarkers and CMM.ResultsA total of 68 biomarkers were identified from 42 studies, which could be categorized into five groups: lipid metabolism, glycometabolism, liver function, immunity, and others. Lipid metabolism biomarkers were most reported to associate with CMM, including TC, TGs, HDL-C, LDL-C, and Lp(a). Fasting plasma glucose was also reported by several studies, and it was particularly associated with coexisting T2DM with vascular diseases. According to the quantitative meta-analysis, HDL-C was negatively associated with CHD risk among patients with T2DM (pooled OR for per 1 mmol/L increase = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.77–0.82), whereas a higher TGs level (pooled OR for higher than 150 mg/dL = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.10–1.75) was positively associated with CHD risk among female patients with T2DM.ConclusionCertain serum/plasma biomarkers were associated with the progression of CMM, in particular for those related to lipid metabolism, but heterogeneity and inconsistent findings still existed among included studies. There is a need for future research to explore more relevant biomarkers associated with the occurrence and progression of CMM, targeted at which is important for the early identification and prevention of CMM.
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- 2023
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28. 'I’m Not Asking for Special Treatment, I’m Asking for Access': Experiences of University Students with Disabilities in Ghana, Ethiopia and South Africa
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Dureyah Abrahams, Beata Batorowicz, Peter Ndaa, Sumaya Gabriels, Solomon M. Abebe, Xiaolin Xu, and Heather M. Aldersey
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disability ,education ,inclusion ,university ,accessibility ,Vocational rehabilitation. Employment of people with disabilities ,HD7255-7256 - Abstract
It is often challenging for youth with disabilities to access university education in Africa, and for those who manage to make it to university, while there, their experiences are still not barrier-free. The purpose of this study was to uncover the experiences of the barriers and facilitators to inclusion for youth with disabilities in universities in South Africa, Ghana and Ethiopia. This qualitative project applied a critical, participatory research approach to exploring youth experiences. Youth with disabilities and their colleagues conducted seven focus group discussions, with an average of five students in each focus group, and we used a qualitative descriptive method to analyze data. The findings uncovered similarities and differences in the barriers and facilitators to inclusive education among students with disabilities across all sites. Participants noted limited financial support and university services, and how inaccessible spaces and harmful attitudes are all barriers that hinder their access to education and inclusion. The identified facilitators include support systems and self-directed facilitation. Although the students self-advocated and reported some support to assist in their inclusion in university, it was still insufficient. Notably, some universities are making a concerted effort toward inclusion and accessibility, but more work needs to be done.
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- 2023
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29. Co–HOAT Complexes Change Their Antibacterial and Physicochemical Properties with Morphological Evolution
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Xiaolin Xu, Mengna Ding, Shiwen Yu, Fujian Lv, Yun Zhang, Yingchun Miao, Zhenfeng Bian, and Hexing Li
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Co–HOAT coordination compounds ,lipid peroxidation ,sterilization ,morphological evolution and theoretical calculation ,Chemical technology ,TP1-1185 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Antibacterial coordination compounds have attracted tremendous attention ascribed to their excellent designability. However, how the morphological evolution of these complexes influences their antibacterial and physicochemical properties has never been investigated based on proposed mechanisms. Thus, a series of Co–HOAT coordination compounds synthesized from inorganic to organic cobalt sources were prepared. We propose that with the same HOAT ligand, inorganic Co–HOAT nanosheets possess higher sterilization rates compared with organic Co–HOAT nanoparticles. This is explained by the different steric hindrance of cobalt sources. Relatively small steric hindrance could lead to ample active positions for inorganic cobalt ions to coordinate with both N and O atoms in HOAT. Meanwhile, organic Co2+ ions could only unite with N atoms in HOAT. Furthermore, by theoretical calculation, cobalt ions with adequate coordination sites are beneficial for developing nanosheet morphologies. Meanwhile, the Co–HOAT complexes with a lower density of electron clouds present higher sterilization rates due to the anchoring effect of electrostatic attraction. The proposed mechanism is that Co2+ released from compounds could cause multiple toxic effects to bacteria anchored by Co–HOATs. Finally, Co–HOATs’ behaviors have excellent antimicrobial properties without environmental limitations. In conclusion, the Co–HOATs appear to be a potential antibacterial catalyst in the antimicrobial field.
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- 2024
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30. Mucosal associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma of the uvea: an analysis of 3 cases
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Zhenyu Wang, Yueming Liu, Jing Mo, Xusheng Cao, Xiaolin Xu, Lin Shen, Hong Wang, and Wenbin Wei
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MALT lymphoma ,Uvea ,Posterior scleritis ,Ophthalmology ,RE1-994 - Abstract
Abstract Background Ocular mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma involving orbit and conjunctiva usually has an indolent clinical course with “salmon patch” mass as typical presentation. This study is to report a series of rare cases and investigate the clinical and pathological features of ocular MALT lymphoma that involved uveal tissue primarily and presented as posterior scleritis. Methods This retrospective, observational study was conducted at Beijing Tongren Hospital. From 2018 to 2020, 3 cases of 3 eyes (2 female patients and 1 male patient) with ocular MALT lymphoma that involved uveal tissue primarily and presented as posterior scleritis were included in the study. All patients had complaints of red eyes with blurred vision. The average age was 56.33 ± 2.08 years old and the average time from initial diagnosis to pathological diagnosis was 3.00 ± 1.73 months. Ophthalmic examinations including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), slit lamp microscope examinations, fundus photography, B-scan ultrasonography, ultrasound biomicroscope (UBM), optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) were conducted. Systemic workups including orbital magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) and blood autoimmune antibody tests were also conducted. Pathological tissue from patients were obtained through surgeries. Biopsy examinations were performed to accurately determine pathological diagnosis. All the information of clinical, imaging and pathological changes were collected and analyzed. Results At the initial diagnosis, the BCVA of involved eyes decreased seriously while the IOP were normal. All involved eyeball showed extensive hyperemia and local thickening in the wall of eyeballs. B-scan ultrasonography showed mass with abundant blood and irregular cysts inside the eyeball wall and in the retrobulbar orbit, surrounding the ocular wall and optic nerve. UBM showed solid lesions with low and medium echo under the conjunctiva and inside the ciliary body of 2 cases. OCT showed posterior polar wavy rise of RPE and local neuroepithelial detachment in all cases. FFA and ICGA showed vascular abnormalities (patch-like strong fluorescence and fluorescence leakage) and local thickening in retina and choroid (Rectangle-like weak fluorescence below the macula). The posterior wall of the eyeball was thickened and enhanced in MRI. PET-CT also showed thickening of posterior wall of eyeballs and increased metabolic activity but there was no sign of autoimmune disease. All patients were diagnosed as MALT lymphoma through pathologic examinations of biopsy tissue. Conclusions The onset of primary ocular MALT lymphoma in uvea is hidden. The early clinical manifestations are lack of specificity and misleading. B-scan ultrasonography has characteristic manifestations and is valuable in diagnosis. However, pathological diagnosis through tissue biopsy is irreplaceable.
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- 2022
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31. Exosome-mediated effects and applications in inflammatory diseases of the digestive system
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Xianli Wu, Xiaolin Xu, Yiwei Xiang, Dongdong Fan, Qiming An, Gengyu Yue, Zhe Jin, Jianhong Ding, Yanxia Hu, Qian Du, Jingyu Xu, and Rui Xie
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Exosomes ,Esophagitis ,Gastritis ,Inflammatory bowel disease Hepatitis ,Pancreatitis ,Medicine - Abstract
Abstract Exosomes are membranous vesicles containing RNA and proteins that are specifically secreted in vivo. Exosomes have many functions, such as material transport and signal transduction between cells. Many studies have proven that exosomes can not only be used as biomarkers for disease diagnosis but also as carriers to transmit information between cells. Exosomes participate in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, including the immune response, antigen presentation, cell migration, cell differentiation, and tumour development. Differences in exosome functions depend on cell type. In recent years, exosome origin, cargo composition, and precise regulatory mechanisms have been the focus of research. Although exosomes have been extensively reported in digestive tumours, few articles have reviewed their roles in inflammatory diseases of the digestive system, especially inflammatory-related diseases (such as reflux oesophagitis, gastritis, inflammatory bowel disease, hepatitis, and pancreatitis). This paper briefly summarizes the roles of exosomes in inflammatory diseases of the digestive system to provide a basis for research on the mechanism of inflammatory diseases of the digestive system targeted by exosomes.
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- 2022
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32. Lipid-coated albumin-paclitaxel nanoparticles loaded with sorcin-siRNA reverse cancer chemoresistance via restoring intracellular calcium ion homeostasis
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Chenglong Wang, Xiaolin Xu, Peipei Zhang, Shuhan Xiong, Jia Yuan, Xuzhu Gao, Wencai Guan, Fanchen Wang, Xin Li, Hongjing Dou, and Guoxiong Xu
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Drug resistance ,Malignant tumor ,Nanoparticle ,Reversal ,TGF-β signaling ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Medical technology ,R855-855.5 - Abstract
Abstract Chemoresistance is often a cause of the failure of chemotherapy in cancer treatment. Sorcin (SRI) is a soluble resistance-related calcium-binding protein involved in chemoresistant processes and is overexpressed in many chemoresistant cancer cells, including paclitaxel (PTX)-resistant ovarian cancer. Increased SRI can reduce the concentration of calcium ions in the cytosol and mitochondria and the decrease of calcium ion concentration prevents the occurrence of apoptosis. Here we examined the SRI expression in multiple cancers using a human TissueArray and found that SRI expression was significantly higher in malignant tumor tissues. Furthermore, SRI was overexpressed, while intracellular calcium concentration was decreased, in chemoresistant cancer cells. To restore intracellular calcium homeostasis and overcome chemoresistance, we developed lipid-coated albumin-PTX nanoparticles loaded with SRI-siRNA (LANP-PTX-siSRI) for PTX and SRI-siRNA co-delivery. LANP-PTX-siSRI had dual-target roles in the regulation of SRI and the delivery of PTX into chemoresistant cells. The LANP-PTX-siSRI inhibited the expression of SRI and enhanced intracellular calcium, leading to the induction of apoptosis and the inhibition of the growth of PTX-resistant cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the mechanism study revealed that the overexpression of SRI was associated with an impaired TGF-β signaling pathway. The administration of TGF-β1 inhibited two calcium-binding proteins SRI and S100A14. In conclusion, our data unveil that restoring intracellular calcium ion homeostasis via reducing SRI expression can reverse chemoresistance. Thus, the fabricated LANP-PTX-siSRI has a potentially therapeutical application.
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- 2022
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33. Eucommia ulmoides extract attenuates angiotensin II-induced cardiac microvascular endothelial cell dysfunction by inactivating p53
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Liye Hu, Xiaolin Xu, and Xunli Xiao
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Eucommia ulmoides extract. Angiotensin II ,Cardiac microvascular endothelial cell ,p53 activation ,Dysfunction ,Pharmacy and materia medica ,RS1-441 - Abstract
Abstract Angiotensin II (AngII) causes endothelial dysfunction. Eucommia ulmoides extract (EUE) is documented to manipulate AngII, but its impact on cardiac microvascular endothelial cell (CMVEC) function remains unknown. This study determines the effects of EUE on AngII-treated CMVECs. CMVECs were treated with different concentrations of AngII or EUE alone and/or the p53 protein activator, WR-1065, before AngII treatment, followed by examinations of the apoptotic, migratory, proliferative, and angiogenic capacities and nitric oxide (NO), p53, von Willebrand factor (vWF), endothelin (ET)-1, endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels. AngII induced CMVEC dysfunction in a concentration-dependent manner. EUE enhanced the proliferative, migratory, and angiogenic capacities and NO, MnSOD, and eNOS levels but repressed apoptosis and vWF and ET-1 levels in AngII-induced dysfunctional CMVECs. Moreover, AngII increased p53 mRNA levels, p-p53 levels in the nucleus, and p53 protein levels in the cytoplasm and diminishes HIF-1α and VEGF levels in CMVECs; however, these effects were counteracted by EUE treatment. Moreover, WR-1065 abrogated the mitigating effects of EUE on AngII-induced CMVEC dysfunction by activating p53 and decreasing HIF-1α and VEGF expression. In conclusion, EUE attenuates AngII-induced CMVEC dysfunction by upregulating HIF-1α and VEGF levels via p53 inactivation.
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- 2023
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34. Sleep Problems Associate With Multimorbidity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
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Yaguan Zhou, Yichen Jin, Yi Zhu, Weiwei Fang, Xiaochen Dai, Carmen Lim, Shiva Raj Mishra, Peige Song, and Xiaolin Xu
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multimorbidity ,sleep duration ,aging ,insomnia ,sleep problems ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Objectives: To summarize the evidence on the association between sleep problems and multimorbidity.Methods: Six electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, and Wan fang) were searched to identify observational studies on the association between sleep problems and multimorbidity. A random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals for multimorbidity.Results: A total of 17 observational studies of 133,575 participants were included. Sleep problems included abnormal sleep duration, insomnia, snoring, poor sleep quality, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and restless legs syndrome (RLS). The pooled ORs (95% CIs) for multimorbidity were 1.49 (1.24–1.80) of short sleep duration, 1.21 (1.11–1.44) of long sleep duration and 2.53 (1.85–3.46) for insomnia. The association of other sleep problems with multimorbidity was narratively summarized due to limited number of comparable studies.Conclusion: Abnormal sleep duration and insomnia are associated with higher odds of multimorbidity, while the evidence on association of snoring, poor sleep quality, obstructive sleep apnea and restless legs syndrome with multimorbidity remains inconclusive. Interventions targeting sleep problems should be delivered for better management of multimorbidity.
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- 2023
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35. Multi-Channel Time-Domain Boring-Vibration-Enhancement Method Using RNN Networks
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Xiaolin Xu, Juhu Li, and Huarong Zhang
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beamforming ,multi-channel ,boring vibration signal ,self-attention mechanism ,denoising ,Science - Abstract
The larvae of certain wood-boring beetles typically inhabit the interior of trees and feed on the wood, leaving almost no external traces during the early stages of infestation. Acoustic techniques are commonly employed to detect the vibrations produced by these larvae while they feed on wood, significantly increasing detection efficiency compared to traditional methods. However, this method’s accuracy is greatly affected by environmental noise interference. To address the impact of environmental noise, this paper introduces a signal separation system based on a multi-channel attention mechanism. The system utilizes multiple sensors to receive wood-boring vibration signals and employs the attention mechanism to adjust the weights of relevant channels. By utilizing beamforming techniques, the system successfully removes noise from the wood-boring vibration signals and separates the clean wood-boring vibration signals from the noisy ones. The data used in this study were collected from both field and laboratory environments, ensuring the authenticity of the dataset. Experimental results demonstrate that this system can efficiently separate the wood-boring vibration signals from the mixed noisy signals.
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- 2023
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36. Correction: Non-interfacial self-assembly of synthetic protocells
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Xiaolin Xu, Wencai Guan, Xiaolei Yu, Guoxiong Xu, and Chenglong Wang
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Medical technology ,R855-855.5 - Published
- 2023
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37. Sulforaphane improves cognitive dysfunction after surgery and anesthesia in mice: The role of Keap1-Nrf2 signaling
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Dongyu Hua, Ailin Luo, Zifeng Wu, Chaoli Huang, Shan Li, Xiaolin Xu, Jiali Xu, Chun Yang, Di Wang, and Cunming Liu
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Sulforaphane ,Keap1-Nrf2 signaling ,POCD ,Anesthesia ,Surgery ,Mouse ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Anesthesia and surgery are likely causing cognitive dysfunction in patients, especially the elderly. However, the underlying pathogenic mechanisms largely remain unclear. Accumulating evidence suggest that signaling between Kelch-like erythroid cell-derived protein with CNC homology (ECH)-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) plays an important role in the pathogenesis and treatment of brain dysfunction, while sulforaphane (SFN), a natural compound acting as an Nrf2 agonist, can improve brain function. In the present study, we used 9-month-old mice to perform tibial fracture surgery under isoflurane general anesthesia. Hierarchical cluster analysis of Morris water maze test (MWMT) analysis was performed to classify mice into post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) versus non-POCD phenotypes. Expression levels of Keap1 and Nrf2 were significantly decreased in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), hippocampus and liver, but not in the nucleus accumbens, muscle and gut of POCD mice compared to control and non-POCD mice. Interestingly, both pretreatment and posttreatment with SFN significantly improved the abnormal behaviors of mice in the MWMT, in parallel with the up-regulated levels of Keap1-Nrf2 signaling in the mPFC, hippocampus and liver. In conclusion, these results suggest that decreased Keap1-Nrf2 signaling in the mPFC, hippocampus and liver may contribute to the onset of POCD, and that SFN exerts facilitating effects on POCD symptoms by increasing Keap1-Nrf2 signaling.
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- 2022
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38. A cross-sectional analysis about bacterial vaginosis, high-risk human papillomavirus infection, and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in Chinese women
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Xiaolin Xu, Yichan Zhang, Liqun Yu, Xingxian Shi, Min Min, Lijuan Xiong, Jia Pan, Peipei Liu, Guizhen Wu, and Guolan Gao
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a genital infection that frequently presents in women infected with human papillomavirus (HPV), but the correlation between BV, HPV and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) development is still elusive. We organized a cross-sectional analysis which enrolled 624 participants and obtained 423 samples of vaginal secretions from them, including 193 HPV-negative samples and 230 HR-HPV-positive samples. We used 16S rRNA sequencing to measure the vaginal microbiota diversity in women with different BV, HPV and CIN status, and then calculated risk factors for CIN by logistic regression. We found that the diversity of vaginal microbiota was significantly increased after BV, HPV and BV-infected CIN group. The Observed species and Chao1 index of H.C group showed little difference with normal group, while its Shannon index was considerable higher than normal group. L. iners enriched in HPV infection group compared with others significantly. BV (OR = 0.358; 95% CI = 0.195–0.656; P
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- 2022
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39. N6-methyladenosine related gene expression signatures for predicting the overall survival and immune responses of patients with colorectal cancer
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Lili Yu, Lijuan Wang, Jing Sun, Xuan Zhou, Yeting Hu, Lidan Hu, Yazhou He, Chunqing Lin, Jie Chen, Xiaolin Xu, Malcolm G. Dunlop, Evropi Theodoratou, Kefeng Ding, and Xue Li
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colorectal cancer ,prognostic risk score ,gene expression ,overall survival ,immune responses ,Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification has been demonstrated to exhibit a crucial prognostic effect on colorectal cancer (CRC). Nonetheless, potential mechanism of m6A in survival rate and immunotherapeutic response remains unknown. Here we investigated the genes associated with m6A regulators and developed a risk score for predicting the overall survival (OS) of CRC patients. RNA-seq transcriptomic profiling data of COAD/READ samples were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO)- Cox regression analysis was conducted to identify the m6A-related gene expression signatures and the selected genes were inputted into stepwise regression to develop a prognostic risk score in TCGA, and its predictive performance of CRC survival was further validated in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets. According to our results, the risk score comprising 18 m6A-related mRNAs was significantly associated with CRC survival in both TCGA and GEO datasets. And the stratified analysis also confirmed that high-risk score acted as a poor factor in different age, sex, T stage, and tumour, node, metastasis (TNM) stages. The m6A-related prognostic score in combination with clinical characteristics yielded time-dependent area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs) of 0.85 (95%CI: 0.79–0.91), 0.84 (95%CI: 0.79–0.90) and 0.80 (95%CI: 0.71–0.88) for the prediction of the 1-, 3-, 5-year OS of CRC in TCGA cohort. Furthermore, mutation of oncogenes occurred more frequently in the high-risk group and the composition of immune cells in tumour microenvironment (TME) was significantly distinct between the low- and high-risk groups. The low-risk group had a lower microsatellite instability (MSI) score, T-cell exclusion score and dysfunction score, implying that low-risk patients may have a better immunotherapy response than high-risk patients. In summary, a prognostic risk score derived from m6A-related gene expression signatures could serve as a potential prognostic predictor for CRC survival and indicator for predicting immunotherapy response in CRC patients.
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- 2023
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40. The pan-cancer landscape of abnormal DNA methylation and intratumor microorganisms
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Ping Zhou, Simon L. Lu, Liang Chang, Baoying Liao, Ming Cheng, Xiaolin Xu, Xin Sui, Fenting Liu, Mingshu Zhang, Yinxue Wang, Rui Yang, Rong Li, Heng Pan, and Chao Zhang
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Intratumor Microorganisms ,TCGA ,Methylation ,Microenvironment ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Microorganisms play very important roles in carcinogenesis, tumor progression, and resistance upon treatment. Due to the challenge of accurately acquiring samples and quantifying low-biomass tissue microorganisms, most studies have focused on the effect of gut microorganisms on cancer treatments, especially the efficacy of immunotherapy. Although recent publications reveal the potential interactions between intratumor microorganisms and the immune microenvironment, whether and to what extent the intratumor microorganism could affect progression and treatment outcome remain controversial. This study is aiming to evaluate the associations among intratumor microorganisms, DNA methylation cancer driver genes, immune response, and clinical outcomes from a pan-cancer perspective, using 6,876 TCGA samples across 21 cancer types. We revealed that tumor microorganism dysbiosis is closely associated with the abnormal tumor methylome and/or tumor microenvironment, which might serve to enhance the proliferation ability and fitness for the therapy of tumors. These findings shed the light on a better understanding of the interactions between tumor cells and carcinogens during and after tumor formation, as well as microorganism-associated methylation alterations that could further serve as biomarkers for clinical outcome assessment.
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- 2023
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41. Mean systolic blood pressure above the control threshold in people with treated uncontrolled hypertension: a pooled, cross-sectional analysis of 55 national health surveysResearch in context
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Rodrigo M. Carrillo-Larco, Wilmer Cristobal Guzman-Vilca, Xiaolin Xu, and Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz
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Hypertension ,Noncommunicable diseases ,Global health ,Health metrics ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Summary: Background: The hypertension care cascade has been characterized worldwide, yet it has not been quantified how far above the blood pressure control threshold people with uncontrolled treated hypertension are. We summarized the mean systolic blood pressure (SBP; mmHg) in people treated for hypertension but SBP not 130/80 mmHg were included. We quantified the mean SBP overall and by socio-demographic (sex, age, urban/rural location, education) and cardiometabolic (current smoking, self-reported diabetes) risk factors. Findings: The lowest SBP was observed in Kuwait (146.6; 95% CI: 143.8–149.4 mmHg) and the highest in Libya (171.9; 95% CI: 167.8–176.0 mmHg). In 29 countries, the SBP was higher in men, and SBP tended to be higher in older groups except in six countries. In 17 countries, the SBP was higher in rural than in urban sites, for example in Turkmenistan the SBP was 162.3 (95% CI: 158.4–166.2) mmHg in rural versus 151.6 (95% CI: 148.7–154.4) mmHg in urban areas. In 25 countries, the SBP was higher in adults with no education, for example in Benin the SBP in people without formal education was 175.3 (95% CI: 168.8–181.9) mmHg versus 156.4 (95% CI: 148.8–164.0) mmHg in people with higher education. Interpretation: Stronger interventions to improve and secure access to effective management are needed in most countries and specific groups, to reach hypertension control in people with hypertension already receiving antihypertensive medication. Funding: The Wellcome Trust International Training Fellowship (214185/Z/18/Z).
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- 2023
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42. Social relationship satisfaction and accumulation of chronic conditions and multimorbidity: a national cohort of Australian women
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Mark Jones, Gita D Mishra, Xiaolin Xu, and Julianne Holt-Lunstad
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Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
Background Social relationships are associated with mortality and chronic conditions. However, little is known about the effects of social relationship satisfaction on multiple chronic conditions (multimorbidity).Aims To examine whether social relationship satisfaction is associated with the accumulation of multimorbidity.Methods Data from 7 694 Australian women who were free from 11 chronic conditions at 45–50 years of age in 1996 were analysed. Five types of social relationship satisfaction (partner, family members, friends, work and social activities) were measured approximately every 3 years and scored from 0 (very dissatisfied) to 3 (very satisfied). Scores from each relationship type were summed to provide an overall satisfaction score (range: ≤5–15). The outcome of interest was the accumulation of multimorbidity in 11 chronic conditions.Results Over a 20-year period, 4 484 (58.3%) women reported multimorbidities. Overall, the level of social relationship satisfaction had a dose–response relationship with the accumulation of multimorbidities. Compared with women reporting the highest satisfaction (score 15), women with the lowest satisfaction (score ≤5) had the highest odds of accumulating multimorbidity (odds ratio (OR)= 2.35, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.94 to 2.83) in the adjusted model. Similar results were observed for each social relationship type. Other risk factors, such as socioeconomic, behavioural and menopausal status, together explained 22.72% of the association.Conclusions Social relationship satisfaction is associated with the accumulation of multimorbidity, and the relationship is only partly explained by socioeconomic, behavioural and reproductive factors. Social connections (eg, satisfaction with social relationships) should be considered a public health priority in chronic disease prevention and intervention.
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- 2023
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43. The synthesis and highly effective antibacterial properties of Cu-3, 5-dimethy l-1, 2, 4-triazole metal organic frameworks
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Xiaolin Xu, Mengna Ding, Kaiquan Liu, Fujian Lv, Yingchun Miao, Yanmi Liu, Ying Gong, Yuning Huo, and Hexing Li
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Cu-3,5-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazole MOFs ,electrostatic interaction ,sterilization ,inhibition-zone diameter ,Staphylococcus Aureus ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
The influence of metal ions, the state of metal salt, and ligands on the sterilization ability of (Metalorganic frameworks) MOFs to effectively achieve sterilization has been investigated in this study. Initially, the MOFs were synthesized by elements of Zn, Ag, and Cd for the same periodic and main group of Cu. This illustrated that the atomic structure of Cu was more beneficial for coordinating with ligands. To further induce the maximum amount of Cu2+ ions in the Cu-MOFs to achieve the highest sterilization, various Cu-MOFs synthesized by the different valences of Cu, various states of copper salts, and organic ligands were performed, respectively. The results demonstrated that Cu-MOFs synthesized by 3, 5-dimethyl-1, 2, 4-triazole and tetrakis (acetonitrile) copper(I) tetrafluoroborate presented the largest inhibition-zone diameter of 40.17 mm towards Staphylococcus Aureus (S. aureus) under dark conditions. The proposed mechanism of Cu (Ⅱ) in MOFs could significantly cause multiple toxic effects, such as the generation of reactive oxygen species, and lipid peroxidation in S. aureus cells, when the bacteria was anchored by the Cu-MOFs via electrostatic interaction. Finally, the broad antimicrobial properties of Cu-MOFs against Escherichia coli (E. coli), Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii), and S. aureus were demonstrated. In conclusion, the Cu-3, 5-dimethyl-1, 2, 4-triazole MOFs appeared to be potential antibacterial catalysts in the antimicrobial field.
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- 2023
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44. Solid Fuel Use and the Progression of Multimorbidity in Middle-Aged Chinese Participants: A Prospective Cohort Study
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Tingting Wu, Yue Zhang, Yaguan Zhou, Zifan Zhang, Yangyang Cheng, Xiangtong Liu, and Xiaolin Xu
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multimorbidity ,cohort study ,Chinese ,household air pollution ,solid fuel use ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to examine the association of solid fuel use for cooking and heating with the progression of multimorbidity.Methods: A total of 5,437 participants from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were included. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations of the independent and joint effects of solid fuel use for cooking and heating with the progression of multimorbidity.Results: The proportion of participants reporting solid fuel use for both cooking and heating was 59.0% at baseline. Solid fuel use for both cooking and heating was associated with the progression of multimorbidity (adjusted OR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.19–1.70), compared with clean fuel use for both.Conclusion: Solid fuel use for cooking and heating play an important role in the progression of multimorbidity. Therefore, solid fuel reduction should be considered in developing multimorbidity control and prevention programmes.
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- 2023
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45. Non-Opioid Anesthetics Addiction: A Review of Current Situation and Mechanism
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Liyun Deng, Lining Wu, Rui Gao, Xiaolin Xu, Chan Chen, and Jin Liu
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drug addiction ,substance use disorders ,non-opioid anesthetics ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Drug addiction is one of the major worldwide health problems, which will have serious adverse consequences on human health and significantly burden the social economy and public health. Drug abuse is more common in anesthesiologists than in the general population because of their easier access to controlled substances. Although opioids have been generally considered the most commonly abused drugs among anesthesiologists and nurse anesthetists, the abuse of non-opioid anesthetics has been increasingly severe in recent years. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the clinical situation and potential molecular mechanisms of non-opioid anesthetics addiction. This review incorporates the clinical and biomolecular evidence supporting the abuse potential of non-opioid anesthetics and the foreseeable mechanism causing the non-opioid anesthetics addiction phenotypes, promoting a better understanding of its pathogenesis and helping to find effective preventive and curative strategies.
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- 2023
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46. Mapping white matter structural and network alterations in betel quid-dependent chewers using high angular resolution diffusion imaging
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Weiyuan Huang, Tao Liu, Huijuan Chen, Qingqing Fu, Lili Fu, Xiaolin Xu, Liting Liu, Yihao Guo, Priya S. Balasubramanian, and Feng Chen
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substance dependence ,addiction ,betel quid dependence ,white matter ,high angular resolution diffusion imaging ,automated fiber quantification ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
BackgroundTo evaluate brain white matter diffusion characteristics and anatomical network alterations in betel quid dependence (BQD) chewers using high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI).MethodsThe current study recruited 53 BQD chewers and 37 healthy controls (HC) in two groups. We explored regional diffusion metrics alternations in the BQD group compared with the HC group using automated fiber quantification (AFQ). We further employed the white matter (WM) anatomical network of HARDI to explore connectivity alterations in BQD chewers using graph theory.ResultsBQD chewers presented significantly lower FA values in the left and right cingulum cingulate, the left and right thalamic radiation, and the right uncinate. The BQD has a significantly higher RD value in the right uncinate fasciculus than the HC group. At the global WM anatomical network level, global network efficiency (p = 0.008) was poorer and Lp (p = 0.016) was greater in the BQD group. At the nodal WM anatomical network level, nodal efficiency (p < 0.05) was lower in the BQD group.ConclusionOur findings provide novel morphometric evidence that brain structural changes in BQD are characterized by white matter diffusivity and anatomical network connectivity among regions of the brain, potentially leading to the enhanced reward system and impaired inhibitory control.
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- 2022
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47. Holocene sedimentary of the Pearl River Delta in South China: OSL and radiocarbon dating of cores from Zhuhai
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Penghui Lin, Xiaolin Xu, Chaoyang Yan, Lan Luo, Mahmoud Abbas, and Zhongping Lai
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Pearl River Delta ,optically stimulated luminescence dating ,radiocarbon dating ,sedimentation rate ,global change ,Science ,General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution ,QH1-199.5 - Abstract
Deltaic sediments provide a window for investigating delta development processes and the effects of human activities. Despite the fact that numerous studies have been conducted in the Pearl River Delta (PRD), the chronological data are still very limited, which hinder the detailed interpretation of the sedimentary records. The current study aims to establish high-resolution chronology on two cores from Zhuhai using quartz optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and radiocarbon (14C) dating and, further, to reconstruct the Holocene sedimentary history of the PRD. Core P1-1 has a depth of 79 m and core P3-2 a depth of 60 m. Thirteen quartz OSL samples from P1-1 produced ages between 10.4 and 0.16 ka. Eight OSL and eight 14C ages from P3-2 span from 10.7 to 0.3 ka. The OSL and 14C dates show a good agreement above the depth of 26 m (1.4–0.3 ka), but with discrepancies at depths of 26–54 m. 14C ages (10.7–8.1 ka) are generally older (up to c. 2 ka) than quartz OSL ages, and the discrepancy decreases with depth. The age model shows three phases of the sedimentation process: (1) rapid accumulation rates of 7.48 (P1-1) and 7.52 (P3-2) m/ka between c. 10.7 and 7.5 ka in response to high sea level, (2) followed by a significantly reduced rate of 2.24 m/ka (P1-1) and a depositional hiatus (P3-2) from 7.5 to 2.5 ka as a result of reduced sediment supply and strong scouring by tidal processes, and (3) high sedimentation rates of 8.86 (P1-1) and 9.07 (P3-2) m/ka since 2.5 ka associated with intensive human activities and weakening tidal hydrodynamics. This sedimentary pattern is also evident in many other Asian deltas.
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- 2022
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48. Change of serum uric acid and progression of cardiometabolic multimorbidity among middle aged and older adults: A prospective cohort study
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Duanhui Li, Danyang Wang, Xiaochen Dai, Yujie Ni, and Xiaolin Xu
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cardiometabolic multimorbidity ,diabetes mellitus ,cardiovascular disease ,serum uric acid ,progression ,prospective cohort study ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
BackgroundHyperuricemia is prevalent and associated with individual cardiometabolic diseases, highlighting the potential role of serum uric acid (SUA) in the development and progression of cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM, the coexistence of diabetes, heart disease, or stroke). This study aimed to examine the role of SUA change in the progression of CMM.MethodsThis prospective cohort study used data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, included 4,820 participants aged 45 years or above with three complete surveys at 2011 (baseline), 2015, and 2018. SUA level at survey 2011 and 2015 was used to measure SUA change as keeping or rising to hyperuricemia, and keeping or declining to non-hyperuricemia. CMM progression was defined as the first report of CMM or additional report of cardiometabolic diseases during survey 2015 and 2018. We used logistic regression models to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of SUA change on CMM progression.ResultsDuring the follow-up of around 7 years, 519 (10.8%) of the participants kept or rose to hyperuricemia from survey 2011 to 2015, and 311 (6.5%) experienced CMM progression from survey 2015 to 2018. Participants who kept or rose to hyperuricemia had 1.86 (95% CI, 1.29, 2.68) increased odds of CMM progression compared with those who kept or declined to non-hyperuricemia. Specifically, keeping or rising to hyperuricemia (vs. keeping or declining to non-hyperuricemia) was associated with 2.01 times higher odds (95% CI, 1.18, 3.43) of incident diabetes and 1.67 times higher odds (OR:1.67; 95% CI, 1.15, 2.43) of incident cardiovascular diseases following diabetes.ConclusionKeeping or rising to hyperuricemia was associated with CMM progression, particularly with incident cardiovascular diseases following diabetes. These findings suggest that monitoring SUA change may provide innovative insights into the prevention of CMM, especially in the secondary prevention of CMM (i.e., preventing further progression to cardiovascular diseases among patients with diabetes).
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- 2022
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49. A framework for identification and classification of liver diseases based on machine learning algorithms
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Huanfei Ding, Muhammad Fawad, Xiaolin Xu, and Bowen Hu
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hepatocellular carcinoma ,hepatitis B cirrhosis ,classification ,artificial intelligence ,liver disease ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most commonly seen liver disease. Most of HCC patients are diagnosed as Hepatitis B related cirrhosis simultaneously, especially in Asian countries. HCC is the fifth most common cancer and the second most common cause of cancer-related death in the World. HCC incidence rates have been rising in the past 3 decades, and it is expected to be doubled by 2030, if there is no effective means for its early diagnosis and management. The improvement of patient’s care, research, and policy is significantly based on accurate medical diagnosis, especially for malignant tumor patients. However, sometimes it is really difficult to get access to advanced and expensive diagnostic tools such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET-CT)., especially for people who resides in poverty-stricken area. Therefore, experts are searching for a framework for predicting of early liver diseases based on basic and simple examinations such as biochemical and routine blood tests, which are easily accessible all around the World. Disease identification and classification has been significantly enhanced by using artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in conjunction with clinical data. The goal of this research is to extract the most significant risk factors or clinical parameters for liver diseases in 525 patients based on clinical experience using machine learning algorithms, such as regularized regression (RR), logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), decision tree (DT), and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost). The results showed that RF classier had the best performance (accuracy = 0.762, recall = 0.843, F1-score = 0.775, and AUC = 0.999) among the five ML algorithms. And the important orders of 14 significant risk factors are as follows: Total bilirubin, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), direct bilirubin, hemoglobin, age, platelet, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate transaminase (AST), creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), cholesterol, albumin, urea nitrogen, and white blood cells. ML classifiers might aid medical organizations in the early detection and classification of liver disease, which would be beneficial in low-income regions, and the relevance of risk factors would be helpful in the prevention and treatment of liver disease patients.
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- 2022
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50. Complete remission of Hodgkin’s lymphoma in a pediatric patient with TTN gene mutation treated with brentuximab vedotin combined chemotherapy without anthracyclines: A case report
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Ying Li, Ligang Liu, Hao Sun, Nan Li, Shuang Huang, Alexander Olinger, Xiaolin Xu, Xiaoling Wang, and Yanlong Duan
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TTN gene mutation ,cardiotoxicity ,brentuximab vedotin ,Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) ,TTN ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
IntroductionThere is no guideline for the treatment of Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) in pediatric patients with titin (TTN) gene mutation and heart failure. We explored the feasibility of using brentuximab vedotin (BV) plus chemotherapy without anthracyclines to treat one pediatric HL patient with TTN mutation.Case presentationA 5-year and 7-month male patient was admitted to the hospital due to high fever and shortness of breath. He was diagnosed with stage IV IVB high-risk Hodgkin’s lymphoma (lymphocyte-depleted type) at admission. Echocardiography showed that the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 27%. The gene sequencing revealed a pathogenic variant in the TTN gene. Due to the risk of cardiotoxicity of anthracycline, he received 6 cycles of chemotherapy (no anthracyclines), 4 cycles of them plus BV with dosing 1.8 mg/kg, q3w. The tumor was reduced by 77% after 2 cycles of BV and 4 cycles of chemotherapy. At the end of 4 cycles of BV and six courses of chemotherapy, with complete remission achieved, the tumor was reduced by 85%. After 11 months of follow-up, the patient was still in complete remission with no adverse events reported, and his LVEF improved to 62%.ConclusionThe combination of BV with chemotherapy is effective and well-tolerated for pediatric HL patients with TTN gene mutation.
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- 2022
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