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This paper summarized the treatment and nursing experience of a patient with insomnia of disharmony between spleen and stomach type. Based on the routine nursing care, meridian massage combined with five-element music therapy was carried out to improve the sleep quality of the patient. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score (PSQI) decreased after treatment, and the insomnia-related symptoms were relieved。 (本文总结1例脾胃不和型失眠患者的治疗和护理经验。在加强常规护理的基础上, 通过实施经穴推拿联合五音疗法, 有效降低患者匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)评分, 改善失眠症状。)

AbstractWhile online learning was widely adopted by schools during the COVID-19 pandemic globally, little is known about its effects on preschool children’s development in China. Using a unique dataset collected in Yunnan Province, China in 2020, with a sample of 11,990 children aged 3–5 years from 285 kindergartens, we provide the first comprehensive assessment of socioeconomic inequalities in access to online learning and its association with early childhood development (ECD). The study demonstrates significant inequalities in access to online learning. Particularly, preschoolers with rural household residential registration (Hukou), lower maternal schooling, and lower family income are less likely to have access to online learning than their counterparts. Regression results based on the Generalized Linear Model (GLM) and the Instrumental Variable (IV) method show that access to online learning is positively associated with a child’s ECD score. The empirical evidence of the unequal access to online learning and its possible consequence in ECD during the pandemic has policy implications that the ever-widening developmental gap for those lacking access to online learning needs to be addressed accordingly when the pandemic is over. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the role of body fat percentage (BFP) changes in diabetes remission (DR) and the association between baseline body composition and its changes after bariatric surgery. Methods: We analyzed 203 patients with type 2 diabetes who underwent Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass. Body composition was measured using a gold‐standard‐derived predictive equation and magnetic resonance imaging. Body composition changes were calculated as 100 × (baseline value – follow‐up value)/baseline value. We verified the results in a laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy cohort with 311 patients. Results: Compared with non‐remission patients in the Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass cohort, those who achieved DR showed a higher baseline fat‐free mass index (FFMI) and experienced the most significant changes in BFP (p < 0.001). In comparative analyses, BFP changes were significantly better than BMI changes in identifying short‐ and long‐term DR. Linear regression analysis identified FFMI as the most significant baseline variable correlated with BFP changes (p < 0.001). Baseline BMI was positively correlated with changes in BFP but negatively correlated with changes in FFMI. These findings were replicated in the laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy cohort. Conclusions: BFP changes determine DR after bariatric surgery, and baseline FFMI is crucial for BFP changes. A low initial BMI is associated with a smaller BFP reduction and greater FFMI loss after bariatric surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The evidence on the effects of extreme meteorological conditions and high air pollution levels on incidence of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is limited. Moreover, results of the available studies are inconsistent. Further investigations are imperative to elucidate the specific issue. Methods: Data on the daily cases of HFMD, meteorological factors and air pollution were obtained from 2017 to 2022 in Jining City. We employed distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) incorporated with Poisson regression to explore the impacts of extreme meteorological conditions and air pollution on HFMD incidence. Results: We found that there were nonlinear relationships between temperature, wind speed, PM2.5, SO2, O3 and HFMD. The cumulative risk of extreme high temperature was higher at the 95th percentile (P95th) than at the 90th percentile(P90th), and the RR values for both reached their maximum at 10-day lag (P95th RR = 1.880 (1.261–2.804), P90th RR = 1.787 (1.244–2.569)), the hazardous effect of extreme low temperatures on HFMD is faster than that of extreme high temperatures. The cumulative effect of extreme low wind speeds reached its maximum at 14-day lag (P95th RR = 1.702 (1.389-2.085), P90th RR = 1.498(1.283–1.750)). The cumulative effect of PM2.5 concentration at the P90th was largest at 14-day lag (RR = 1.637 (1.069–2.506)), and the cumulative effect at the P95th was largest at 10-day lag (RR = 1.569 (1.021–2.411)). High SO2 concentration at the P95th at 14-day lag was associated with higher risk for HFMD (RR: 1.425 (1.001–2.030)). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that high temperature, low wind speed, and high concentrations of PM2.5 and SO2 are associated with an increased risk of HFMD. This study not only adds insights to the understanding of the impact of extreme meteorological conditions and high levels of air pollutants on HFMD incidence but also holds practical significance for the development and enhancement of an early warning system for HFMD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extensive empirical research has emphasized the benefits of integrating Online Teaching Video Cases (OTVCs) into pre-service preschool teacher education. However, there is a research gap concerning the perceptions and needs of pre-service preschool teachers regarding OTVCs. This cross-sectional study, therefore, investigated pre-service preschool teachers' perceptions of usefulness and need pertaining to OTVCs and examined potential differences across course year levels. A self-designed questionnaire survey was completed by 744 participants from the Shandong Province (China), with a focus on five domains: actors showcased in the OTVCs, OTVC-mediated activities, learning facilitators, situations requiring OTVCs, and areas for improvement. The results revealed that the participants identified expert teacher demonstrations and collaborative learning experiences with peers and instructors as the most useful types of OTVCs. They expressed the need for OTVCs to assist them with job preparation and a desire to learn content knowledge and engage with larger communities of preschool practitioners. Interestingly, the findings revealed significant differences among participants of different year levels, with Year 3 participants finding OTVCs more useful and necessary in most domains. These findings will help preschool teacher educators improve the responsiveness of OTVC-based instruction, thereby providing online video resources tailored to the preferences and needs of pre-service preschool teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In situ surface wind observation is a critical meteorological data source for various research fields. However, data quality is affected by factors such as surface friction changes, station relocations and anemometer updates. Previous methods to address discontinuities have been insufficient, and processing methods have not always adhered to World Meteorological Organization (WMO) World Climate Programme guidelines. We analyzed data discontinuity caused by anemometer changes and station relocations in China's daily in situ near-surface (∼ 10 m) wind speed observations and the impact of the processing methods on wind speed trends. By comparing the wind speed discontinuities with the recorded location changes, we identified 90 stations that showed abnormally increasing wind speeds due to relocation. After removing those stations, we followed a standard quality control method recommended by the World Meteorological Organization to improve the data reliability and applied Thiessen polygons to calculate the area-weighted average wind speed. The result shows that China's recent reversal of wind speed was reduced by 41 % after removing the problematic stations, with an increasing trend of 0.017 m s -1 yr -1 (R2 = 0.64, P < 0.05), emphasizing the importance of robust quality control and homogenization protocols in wind trend assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a new approach involving the use of a mobile manipulator to assist humans with mobility impairments to walk is proposed. First, in order to achieve flexible interaction between humans and mobile manipulators, we propose a variable admittance controller that can adaptively regulate the virtual mass and damping parameters based on the interaction forces and the human motion intention predicted using the fuzzy theory. Moreover, a feedforward velocity compensator based on a designed state observer is proposed to decrease the inertia resistance of the manipulator, effectively enhancing the compliance of the human–robot interaction. Then, the configuration of the mobile manipulator is optimized based on a null-space approach by considering the singularity, force capacity, and deformation induced by gravity. Finally, the proposed assisted walking approach for the mobile manipulator is implemented using the human–robot interaction controller and the null-space controller. The validity of the proposed controllers and the feasibility of assisted human walking are verified by conducting a set of tests involving different human volunteers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research Findings: Online Teaching Video Cases (OTVCs) are an increasingly utilized digital learning resource for training pre-service preschool teachers (PPTs). This study employed an integrated framework integrating the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Expectation Confirmation Model (ECM) to examine the factors that influence PPTs' perceived learning performance and satisfaction, as well as the interactive relationships among these factors. Survey participants (N = 269) were randomly sampled from seven normal universities and colleges in Shandong province (China). A partial least squares structural equation modeling approach was used to test the study's hypotheses. The findings of this study demonstrate that the actual usage of OTVCs significantly affects PPTs' learning performance and subsequent learning satisfaction, which in turn is directly influenced by expectation confirmation and learning performance. Practice or Policy: As such, this study highlights the potential of OTVCs as an effective digital learning resource for PPTs. The proposed framework combining TAM and ECM can largely explain PPTs' learning satisfaction with OTVCs. Teacher educators are encouraged to provide PPTs with applicable video-based instructional cases to optimize their learning experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the education field, professional learning communities (PLCs) are regarded as an effective method for fostering professional development for teachers, enhancing student learning and achievement, and promoting school reform. Quality leadership and management are understood to be essential for schools to become effective PLCs. Mainly proposed by Western scholars, existing PLC frameworks explicitly or implicitly assume that PLCs should be initiated and led by teachers themselves, following a bottom-up approach. The goal of this conceptual overview paper is to challenge certain taken-for-granted core principles of Western PLC frameworks by analyzing the current approach to PLCs adopted by preschools in mainland China, which follow a top-down leadership and management approach. We review multiple research streams, including policy frameworks and regulations, as well as the most relevant conceptual, theoretical, and empirical studies published in recent years. After reviewing China's core socio-cultural traditional values, we describe the recent policies that have mandated the establishment and implementation of PLCs in Chinese preschools. We then review several recent studies that demonstrate that, despite profound differences to Western frameworks, PLCs in Chinese preschools are effective in benefitting teachers and highly regarded by the relevant stakeholders. The literature shows that Chinese preschools enact culturally situated versions of PLCs, characterized by some standard PLC principles (e.g., shared vision, collaboration, and collective responsibility) alongside features that resonate with Confucian values (e.g., strong hierarchical structure, guidance of external experts, internal leadership support, and greater emphasis on ecological support rather than personal agency and autonomy). We conclude that Chinese preschools merit international attention, as their approach to leadership and management allow us to reconsider certain core principles of Western PLC frameworks. Future directions for PLC policy and practice are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, Mg–Y–Sm–Zn–Zr alloy samples are prepared using selective laser melting (SLM). The effect of the scanning strategy on pore defects and microhardness is investigated. Pore defects are classified into lack of fusion (LOF) defects, gas pore (GP) and keyhole (KH) defects, and irregular pore (IRP) defects according to lengths and roundness. The LOF defect is caused by powder accumulation, spheroidization, droplet solidification preferentially, and pore defects accumulation. The recoil pressure causes the GP and KH defect, and different remelting zones affect its release. The filling behavior of LOF defects at different layer rotation angles and the connection of GPs and KH defects will form IRP defects. The microhardness test shows that the average microhardness is inversely proportional to porosity. The island size of 4 × 4 mm eases the accumulation of powder at the island boundaries, prevents spheroidization, and facilitates adequate spreading of droplets. The layer rotation angle of 67° inhibits the accumulation of pore defects and facilitates the filling of pore defects. The sample with the maximum densification (98.53%) and the highest average microhardness value (95.64 HV) is obtained under this scanning strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]