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Climatologies, which depict mean fields of oceanographic variables on a regular geographic grid, and atlases, which provide graphical depictions of specific areas, play pivotal roles in comprehending the societal vulnerabilities linked to ocean acidification (OA). This significance is particularly pronounced in coastal regions where most economic activities, such as commercial and recreational fisheries and aquaculture industries, occur. In this paper, we unveil a comprehensive data product featuring coastal ocean acidification climatologies and atlases, encompassing the fugacity of carbon dioxide, pH on the total scale, total hydrogen ion content, free hydrogen ion content, carbonate ion content, aragonite saturation state, calcite saturation state, Revelle factor, total dissolved inorganic carbon content, and total alkalinity content. These variables are provided on 1° × 1° spatial grids at 14 standardized depth levels, ranging from the surface to a depth of 500 m, along the North American ocean margins, defined as the region between the coastline and a distance of 200 nautical miles (∼370 km) offshore. The climatologies and atlases were developed using the World Ocean Atlas (WOA) gridding methods of the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) based on the recently released Coastal Ocean Data Analysis Product in North America (CODAP-NA), along with the 2021 update to the Global Ocean Data Analysis Project version 2 (GLODAPv2.2021) data product. The relevant variables were adjusted to the index year of 2010. The data product is available in NetCDF (https://doi.org/10.25921/g8pb-zy76 , Jiang et al., 2022b) on the NOAA Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0270962.html (last access: 15 July 2024). It is recommended to use the objectively analyzed mean fields (with "_an" suffix) for each variable. The atlases can be accessed at https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/synthesis/nacoastal.html (last access: 15 July 2024). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climatologies, which depict mean fields of oceanographic variables on a regular geographic grid, and atlases, which provide graphical depictions of specific areas, play pivotal roles in comprehending the societal vulnerabilities linked to ocean acidification (OA). This significance is particularly pronounced in coastal regions where most economic activities related to commercial and recreational fisheries as well as aquaculture industries occur. In this paper, we unveil a comprehensive data product featuring coastal climatologies and atlases for ten OA indicators, including fugacity of carbon dioxide, pH on the total scale, total hydrogen ion content, free hydrogen ion content, carbonate ion content, aragonite saturation state, calcite saturation state, Revelle Factor, total dissolved inorganic carbon content, and total alkalinity content. These indicators are provided on 1°×1° degree spatial grids at 14 standardized depth levels, ranging from the surface to a depth of 500 meters, along the North American ocean margins – defined as the region between the coastline and a distance of 200 nautical miles (∼370 km) offshore. The climatologies and atlases were developed using the World Ocean Atlas (WOA) gridding methods of the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), based on the recently released Coastal Ocean Data Analysis Product in North America (CODAP-NA), along with the 2021 update to the Global Ocean Data Analysis Project version 2 (GLODAPv2.2021) data product. The relevant variables were adjusted to the index year of 2010. The data product is available in NetCDF (DOI: 10.25921/g8pb-zy76) at the NOAA Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0270962.html. It is recommended to use the objectively analyzed mean fields (with '_an' suffix) for each variable. The atlases can be accessed at: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/synthesis/nacoastal.html. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Food literacy (FL) is important as the ability to consider the unique aspects of food in our lives, society, and environment. The main objectives of this study were as follows: (1) to revisit the definition of FL, considering the cultural, relational, and ecological aspects that were often neglected in previous research, and (2) to develop a measurement tool for adults. Methods: Expert workshops, the Delphi survey, the test–retest survey, and one-on-one interviews were conducted. The content validity ratio was calculated from the Delphi survey. The correlation coefficient of each item was measured twice, and the Cronbach's alpha was calculated. Results: This study proposed a new definition of FL, including future-oriented values, and suggested three main domains with 33 items: (1) 14 questions in nutrition and safety FL (Cronbach's α = 0.877, average correlation coefficient = 0.70), (2) 8 questions in cultural and relational FL (Cronbach's α = 0.705, average correlation coefficient = 0.71), and (3) 11 questions in socio-ecological FL (Cronbach's α = 0.737, average correlation coefficient = 0.61). Conclusions: This newly developed questionnaire should be tested in different populations; however, this questionnaire can be a basis for measuring and improving FL for healthy, joyful, and sustainable diets for adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the roles played by model resolution and microphysics parameterizations in the wellknown uncertainties or errors in simulations of clouds, precipitation, and their interactions with aerosols by the numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. For this investigation, we used cloud-system-resolving model (CSRM) simulations as benchmark simulations that adopt high-resolution and full-fledged microphysical processes. These simulations were evaluated against observations, and this evaluation demonstrated that the CSRM simulations can function as benchmark simulations. Comparisons between the CSRM simulations and the simulations at the coarse resolutions that are generally adopted by current NWP models indicate that the use of coarse resolutions as in the NWP models can lower not only updrafts and other cloud variables (e.g., cloud mass, condensation, deposition, and evaporation) but also their sensitivity to increasing aerosol concentration. The parameterization of the saturation process plays an important role in the sensitivity of cloud variables to aerosol concentrations. while the parameterization of the sedimentation process has a substantial impact on how cloud variables are distributed vertically. The variation in cloud variables with resolution is much greater than what happens with varying microphysics parameterizations, which suggests that the uncertainties in the NWP simulations are associated with resolution much more than microphysics parameterizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Korean Health Eating Index (KHEI) of young adults was the lowest compared to other age groups. Food Literacy (FL) is the ability to keep a healthy eating habits for an individual and can be an important tool for preventing chronic diseases among young adults. The objectives of this study were to classify the types of dietary behaviors among young adults based on their food intake behaviors and to explore the level of FL according to those types. We conducted an online cross-sectional survey of representative sample of 1,059 young adults (19 to 39 years) in South Korea in 2021. FL questionnaire was comprised of 33 questions with 5-point scale. The total FL scores were calculated by adding all the responses and multiplied by 0.61 to make the highest score to be 100. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to classify the key characteristics of dietary behaviors, using 19 behavior questions such as frequencies of eating three meals and night snacking, frequency of using take-outs, cooking at home, and emotional eating. Statistical analysis was conducted using STATA/SE 17.0. Four types of dietary behaviors were extracted using PCA: healthy, trendy, convenient and emotional eating. Each participant had tendency scores for four eating types: the higher score meaning higher tendency of having that specific eating type. The FL scores increased from Q1(55.4) to Q5(67.8) according to the quintiles of their healthy diet tendency scores after adjusting for sex and age. The FL scores by the tendency of trendy diet, which is characterized by trying trendy diet such as intermittent fasting, increased from Q1(59.1) to Q5(66.9). In contrast, the higher tendency for emotional diet was associated with lower FL scores(Q1 = 62.5, Q5 = 59.8). Korean young adult population had different levels of FL according to their eating characteristics. It is important to develop targeted nutrition education programs for improving FL among young adults with unhealthy eating practices such as higher tendency of emotional eating. Ministry of Food and Drug Safety; Government of Seoul; National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education. (2021R1I1A306024811, 2021R1A6A1A03044501) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food literacy(FL) is originally derived from health literacy and includes personal skills and knowledge in various aspects of food consumption. Recently, the authors have proposed a broader definition of FL, including the ability to select food by considering community, society, and the environment as well as individual functional competency. It consists of nutrition and safety (NS), cultural and relational (CS), and socio-ecological (SE) domains. To identify the level of FL among Seoul citizens and the association with food intake and happiness in life Cross-sectional study using a representative sample of 4,039 citizens FL questionnaire was comprised of 33 questions. Happiness in life, satisfaction on food, and importance of food on pursuing happiness were measured with a scale of 0 (most negative) to 10 (most positive). Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were performed to analyze the distribution of FL scores according to the sociodemographic factors. The analysis was conducted using Stata/SE 17.0. Men, students, people who are 18-29 years or 70 years and older had the lowest scores for all domains of FL. The highest quartile group of the NS scores had higher probabilities of consuming adequate servings of vegetables(Q4 vs. Q1, OR = 1.69) and fruits(Q4 vs. Q1, OR = 1.83), which both showed significant linear trends (P <0.001). Also, as the overall FL score increased, the happiness in life increased by 0.92(Q4 vs. Q1) points, the satisfaction on food increased by 1.13(Q4 vs. Q1) points, and the importance of food on pursuing happiness increased by 0.87(Q4 vs. Q1) points. All of three domains of FL showed a linear increase with happiness, satisfaction, and importance of food after controlling for various sociodemographic factors (P < 0.001). This study identified the vulnerable groups of FL and found that FL is closely related to happiness in life and food-related life satisfaction after controlling for other covariates. It is necessary to develop a program to improve FL especially for vulnerable groups for happier and more satisfactory life. Government of Seoul; National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education(2021R1I1A306024811, 2021R1A6A1A03044501) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]