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This paper proposed an environmental RF energy acquisition system based on GSM-1800 and WiFi frequency bands. The system consists of a dual-frequency circularly polarized antenna, a dual-frequency rectifier circuit and a load. The impedance bandwidth of the circular polarization antenna is 1 GHz～2.6 GHz, and the axial ratio bandwidth is 1.78 GHz～1.96 GHz and 2.37 GHz～2.59 GHz. The designed dual-frequency rectifier has a maximum RF-DC efficiency of 44% when the 1.825 GHz single-frequency input is 10 dBm. In the case of 2.45 GHz input power of 8 dBm, the highest RF-DC efficiency is 49%. When the dual-frequency input power is 7.5 dBm, the maximum RF-DC conversion efficiency is 53% and the DC voltage is 1.73 V. Placing the designed dual-band energy harvesting system near the router and the phone being called, an LED light can be lit to realize its energy harvesting function.

In this study, we aimed to identify suitable herbicides for quinoa fields in Anhui Province and explore the value of their potential application in order to achieve the sustainable weed management of the crop and tackle the global issue of unregistered herbicides in quinoa fields. Employing a pre-emergence seed soaking method, we evaluated the effects of different herbicides, such as anilofos, prometryn, pendimethalin, and atrazine on the germination inhibition rate of quinoa seeds, as well as their impacts on the growth indicators of quinoa seedlings. Our findings show that, while these herbicides initially suppressed quinoa seed germination, this effect decreased over time, allowing for the successful germination of all seeds, suggesting the existence of a recovery mechanism in quinoa. An increase in herbicide concentration was correlated with significant decreases in the germination vigor and index of quinoa seeds, along with a decrease in plant height, root length, and fresh weight. Notably, anilofos, prometryn, pendimethalin, and atrazine demonstrated significant inhibitory effects on quinoa seedlings, thus providing critical insights into the sensitivity of quinoa to these chemicals. Greenhouse pot experiments showed that pre-emergence herbicides, such as napropamide, pretilachlor, s-metolachlor, and anilofos, and post-emergence herbicides, including fluroxypyr, penoxsulam, clethodim, quizalofop-P-ethyl, oxaziclomefone, metamifop, benzobicyclon, nicosulfuron, and pinoxaden, are safe for quinoa and suitable for further field trials, broadening the options for integrated weed management strategies. The results of the mixture experiments indicated that penoxsulam and metamifop are safe for quinoa at a ratio of 1:4.6, and their combined activities against dominant weeds in quinoa fields in Anhui Province, such as Digitaria sanguinalis, Cyperus iria, and Amaranthus viridis, were higher than those of single-agent doses, with fresh weight inhibition rates ranging from 66.98% to 92.16% and selectivity indexes ranging from 176.88 to 3282.17. Therefore, this mixture offers a promising approach to enhanced weed control in a sustainable manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most available neutralizing antibodies are ineffective against highly mutated SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants. Therefore, it is crucial to develop potent and broad-spectrum alternatives to effectively manage Omicron subvariants. Here, we constructed a high-diversity nanobody phage display library and identified nine nanobodies specific to the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD). Five of them exhibited cross-neutralization activity against the SARS-CoV-2 wild-type (WT) strain and the Omicron subvariants BA.1 and BA.4/5, and one nanobody demonstrated marked efficacy even against the Omicron subvariants BQ.1.1 and XBB.1. To enhance the therapeutic potential, we engineered a panel of multivalent nanobodies with increased neutralizing potency and breadth. The most potent multivalent nanobody, B13-B13-B13, cross-neutralized all tested pseudoviruses, with a geometric mean of the 50% inhibitory concentration (GM IC50) value of 20.83 ng/mL. An analysis of the mechanism underlying the enhancement of neutralization breadth by representative multivalent nanobodies demonstrated that the strategic engineering approach of combining two or three nanobodies into a multivalent molecule could improve the affinity between a single nanobody and spike, and could enhance tolerance toward escape mutations such as R346T and N460K. Our engineered multivalent nanobodies may be promising drug candidates for treating and preventing infection with Omicron subvariants and even future variants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Backfat thickness (BF) is closely related to the service life and reproductive performance of sows. The dynamic monitoring of sows' BF is a critical part of the production process in large-scale pig farms. This study proposed the application of a hybrid CNN-ViT (Vision Transformer, ViT) model for measuring sows' BF to address the problems of high measurement intensity caused by the traditional contact measurement of sows' BF and the low efficiency of existing non-contact models for measuring sows' BF. The CNN-ViT introduced depth-separable convolution and lightweight self-attention, mainly consisting of a Pre-local Unit (PLU), a Lightweight ViT (LViT) and an Inverted Residual Unit (IRU). This model could extract local and global features of images, making it more suitable for small datasets. The model was tested on 106 pregnant sows with seven randomly divided datasets. The results showed that the CNN-ViT had a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.83 mm, a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 1.05 mm, a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 4.87% and a coefficient of determination (R-Square, R2) of 0.74. Compared to LviT-IRU, PLU-IRU and PLU-LviT, the CNN-ViT's MAE decreased by more than 12%, RMSE decreased by more than 15%, MAPE decreased by more than 15% and R² improved by more than 17%. Compared to the Resnet50 and ViT, the CNN-ViT's MAE decreased by more than 7%, RMSE decreased by more than 13%, MAPE decreased by more than 7% and R2 improved by more than 15%. The method could better meet the demand for the non-contact automatic measurement of pregnant sows' BF in actual production and provide technical support for the intelligent management of pregnant sows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zhong-yong thinking, a typical value orientation and mode of thought in traditional Chinese culture, has garnered significant scholarly attention. Various cross-sectional studies have explored the relationship between Zhong-yong thinking and innovation; yet, research specifically examining the impact of Zhong-yong thinking on green innovation is scarce. This study adopts the upper echelons theory and theory of manager cognition to investigate the influence of entrepreneurs' Zhong-yong thinking on green innovation while simultaneously considering institutional pressure and enterprise ownership types as boundary conditions. By analyzing 302 questionnaire responses, the empirical results demonstrate a direct positive effect of Zhong-yong thinking on green innovation. Moreover, institutional pressure positively moderates the relationship between Zhong-yong thinking and green innovation. State-owned enterprises exhibit a more significant impact of Zhong-yong thinking on green innovation than non-SOEs. Overall, this study contributes to the theoretical research of Zhong-yong in management disciplines, particularly in the green innovation literature. Its findings also hold implications for the practice of green innovation in enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the COVID-19 outbreak, the scope and market size of flexible employment in sustainable enterprise development have significantly increased worldwide, yet academic literature offer little information about the outcomes and moderators of flexible employment in China. The paper advances current knowledge and empirically addresses this gap by examining the effects of flexible employment on enterprise innovation input and output, with information technology capability and labor regulation as unexplored moderators. Based on data from 1179 manufacturing enterprises in China, this paper uses the OLS method to conduct empirical tests. The results show that (1) flexible employment has positively contributed to sustainable enterprise development by facilitating innovation inputs and outputs; (2) superior enterprise information technology capabilities and strict labor regulations were significant moderating factors in this relationship. The findings provide credible evidence for enterprises to pursue flexible employment as an inexhaustible impetus for sustainable economic and enterprise development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Articular cartilage (AC), a bone-to-bone protective device made of up to 80% water and populated by only one cell type (i.e. chondrocyte), has limited capacity for regeneration and self-repair after being damaged because of its low cell density, alymphatic and avascular nature. Resulting repair of cartilage defects, such as osteoarthritis (OA), is highly challenging in clinical treatment. Fortunately, the development of tissue engineering provides a promising method for growing cells in cartilage regeneration and repair by using hydrogels or the porous scaffolds. In this paper, we review the therapeutic strategies for AC defects, including current treatment methods, engineering/regenerative strategies, recent advances in biomaterials, and present emphasize on the perspectives of gene regulation and therapy of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as circular RNA (circRNA) and microRNA (miRNA). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myocardial infarction (MI) causes peripheral organ injury, in addition to cardiac dysfunction, including in the liver, which is known as cardiac hepatopathy. Aerobic exercise (AE) can effectively improve liver injury, although the mechanism and targets are currently not well established. Irisin, mainly produced by cleavage of the fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), is a responsible for the beneficial effects of exercise training. In this study, we detected the effect of AE on MI-induced liver injury and explored the role of irisin alongside the benefits of AE. Wildtype and Fndc5 knockout mice were used to establish an MI model and subjected to AE intervention. Primary mouse hepatocytes were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), rhirisin, and a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor. The results showed that AE significantly promoted M2 polarization of macrophages and improved MI-induced inflammation, upregulated endogenous irisin protein expression and activated the PI3K/ protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway in the liver of MI mice, while knockout of Fndc5 attenuated the beneficial effects of AE. Exogenous rhirisin significantly inhibited the LPS-induced inflammatory response, which was attenuated by the PI3K inhibitor. These results suggest that AE could effectively activate the FNDC5/irisin-PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, promote the polarization of M2 macrophages, and inhibit the inflammatory response of the liver after MI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pyridotriazoles are an important subclass of azacyclic compounds. Although known in early 1950s, these compounds aroused little attention in synthetic chemistry for a long time. This situation has changed during the past years as ever‐increasing recognitions on their rich properties and reactivities. Particularly, the recent exploration on their potentials as carbene or metal carbene precursors in denitrogenative transformations catalytically or non‐catalytically has met considerable success. A lot of new synthetic approaches towards azacyclic compounds such as indolizines, imidazopyridines, pyridoisoquinolinones and pyridoindoles as well as a wide range of functionalized pyridines have been established based on the transformations of pyridotriazoles. Meanwhile, a considerable number of new reactions are developed for the synthesis of pyridotriazoles. In particular, the development of new transition‐metal catalyzed tandem reactions has enabled selective generation of diverse pyridotriazoles in efficient manners from simple starting materials. This review surveys main advances in this field over the last two decades and aims to provide an up‐to‐date overview on the knowledge of pyridotriazole chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A chemo‐selective copper(I)‐catalyzed oxytrifluoromethylation of N‐Boc‐ynamides with TMSCF3 has been achieved, affording the trifluoromethylated oxazolones in 51–99% yields. The reaction proceeds at room temperature and tolerates a variety of functional groups such as −X, −OMe, alkenyl, and other substituents. The resulting oxazolones provide access to α‐CF3‐substituted amines through decarboxylative reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stress-induced cell death, mainly apoptosis, and its subsequent tissue repair is interlinked although our knowledge of this connection is still very limited. An intriguing finding is apoptosis-induced proliferation (AiP), an evolutionary conserved mechanism employed by apoptotic cells to trigger compensatory proliferation of their neighboring cells. Studies using Drosophila as a model organism have revealed that apoptotic caspases and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling play critical roles to activate AiP. For example, the initiator caspase Dronc, the caspase-9 ortholog in Drosophila, promotes activation of JNK leading to release of mitogenic signals and AiP. Recent studies further revealed that Dronc relocates to the cell cortex via Myo1D, an unconventional myosin, and stimulates production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to trigger AiP. During this process, ROS can attract hemocytes, the Drosophila macrophages, which further amplify JNK signaling cell non-autonomously. However, the intrinsic components connecting Dronc, ROS and JNK within the stressed signal-producing cells remain elusive. Here, we identified LIM domain kinase 1 (LIMK1), a kinase promoting cellular F-actin polymerization, as a novel regulator of AiP. F-actin accumulates in a Dronc-dependent manner in response to apoptotic stress. Suppression of F-actin polymerization in stressed cells by knocking down LIMK1 or expressing Cofilin, an inhibitor of F-actin elongation, blocks ROS production and JNK activation, hence AiP. Furthermore, Dronc and LIMK1 genetically interact. Co-expression of Dronc and LIMK1 drives F-actin accumulation, ROS production and JNK activation. Interestingly, these synergistic effects between Dronc and LIMK1 depend on Myo1D. Therefore, F-actin remodeling plays an important role mediating caspase-driven ROS production and JNK activation in the process of AiP. Author summary: In multicellular organisms, damaged cells are frequently removed via apoptosis, the major form of programmed cell death. Intriguingly, these apoptotic cells can emit signals to induce proliferation of their neighboring cells for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis, a phenomenon termed apoptosis-induced proliferation (AiP). Caspases, a family of cysteine proteases well known to execute apoptosis, also play a critical role to trigger AiP via activation of JNK, a stress response kinase. In this study, we identified the actin cytoskeleton, a dynamic structural network of the cell, as a key mediator of JNK activation in AiP. During this process, actin filaments undergo increased polymerization which depends on LIM domain kinase 1 (LIMK1). Genetically, caspases and LIMK1 work together to promote actin polymerization, which in turn drives production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the subsequent activation of JNK. Therefore, our study discovered a role of actin remodeling in dying cells which mediates the non-apoptotic roles of caspases in AiP and tissue repair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since sow backfat thickness (BFT) is highly correlated with its service life and reproductive effectiveness, dynamic monitoring of BFT is a critical component of large‐scale sow farm productivity. Existing contact measures of sow BFT have their problems including, high measurement intensity and sows' stress reaction, low biological safety, and difficulty in meeting the requirements for multiple measurements. This article presents a two‐dimensional (2D) image‐based approach for determining the BFT of pregnant sows when combined with the backfat growth rate (BGR). The 2D image features of sows extracted by convolutional neural networks (CNN) and the artificially defined phenotypic features of sows such as hip width, hip height, body length, hip height–width ratio, length–width ratio, and waist–hip ratio, were used respectively, combined with BGR, to construct a prediction model for sow BFT using support vector regression (SVR). Following testing and comparison, it was shown that using CNN to extract features from images could effectively replace artificially defined features, BGR contributed to the model's accuracy improvement. The CNN‐BGR‐SVR model performed the best, with R2 of 0.72 and mean absolute error of 1.21 mm, and root mean square error of 1.50 mm, and mean absolute percentage error of 7.57%. The results demonstrated that the CNN‐BGR‐SVR model based on 2D images was capable of detecting sow BFT, establishing a new reference for non‐contact sow BFT detection technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peritoneal fibrosis (PF), a common complication in patients receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD), is primarily caused by the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs). PF is the main reason for patients on PD to withdraw from PD. Effective treatment is unavailable for this complication at present. Elabela (ELA) is a polypeptide hormone secreted by the vascular endothelium and kidney. Peptide hormones ELA and apelin (APLN) have various protective effects on the cardiovascular and urinary systems and have potential therapeutic effects on organ fibrosis. ELA and APLN are less studied in PD population. Here, we aimed to investigate the clinical significance of ELA in patients on PD and to evaluate the therapeutic effect of ELA on EMT of HPMCs. Compared with those in patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease who are not on dialysis, serum ELA levels in patients on PD increased with the improvement of residual renal function at PD duration <36 months and decreased to pre-dialysis levels at PD duration ≥36 months, suggesting that dialysis duration is the main risk factor affecting serum ELA levels in patients on PD. In addition, serum APLN levels decreased in the early stage of PD and recovered to the pre-dialysis level with the prolongation of dialysis time. Notably, serum APLN levels were positively correlated with dialysis duration in patients undergoing PD. To establish the EMT model, we stimulated HPMCs using transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) in cell experiments performed in vitro. ELA-32 treatment reversed the TGF-β1-induced reduction in the expression of the epithelial cell marker and suppressed the expression of mesenchymal cell markers by inhibiting the phosphorylation of SMAD2/3, ERK1/2, and AKT. Therefore, our findings imply that ELA-32 can interfere with the EMT of HPMCs by inhibiting the activation of the TGF-β/SMAD2/3, ERK1/2, and AKT pathways, providing novel insights on the potential therapeutic use of ELA for treating PD-related PF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In China, driven by the national "3060" double carbon targets (i.e., reaching peak carbon emissions by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060), green housing has become one of the major fields to reduce carbon emissions, facilitating the achievement of the double carbon targets. Promoting the growth of green housing is an important way for the real estate industry to achieve low-carbon transformation and improve the quality of housing. Meanwhile, the construction industry also can benefit from green housing to achieve its energy conservation and emission reduction targets. Therefore, it is critical to boost and maintain the sustainable growth of the green housing market in China. However, the literature has not focused attention on the market behavior of the green housing market in China. This study proposes a tripartite evolutionary game model to investigate the subject behavior of the green housing market in China. This model consists of three major subjects in a green housing market: developers, consumers, and governments. Based on this model, this study analyzes the stability of the strategy options for each stakeholder and identifies the stable conditions of strategy portfolios to reach the equilibrium points of the game system. The validity of the proposed tripartite evolutionary game model is tested through the simulation of the impacts from various factors on system evolution. According to the impacts of factors and the stable conditions of strategies, this paper puts forward relevant policy suggestions for the healthy and sustainable growth of China's green housing market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cholestasis is caused by intrahepatic retention of excessive toxic bile acids and ultimately results in hepatic failure. Da-Chai-Hu-Tang (DCHT) has been used in China to treat liver and gallbladder diseases for over 1800 years. Here, we demonstrated that DCHT treatment prevented acute intrahepatic cholestasis with liver injury in response to α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) not to bile duct ligation (BDL) induced-extrahepatic cholestasis. ANIT (80 mg/kg) increased serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), direct bilirubin (DBiL), total bilirubin (TBiL), and total bile acids (TBA) which was attenuated by DCHT treatment in a dose-dependent manner. DCHT treatment at high dose of 1.875 g/kg restored bile acid homeostasis, as evidenced by the recovery of the transcription of genes implicated in bile acid biosynthesis, uptake and efflux. DCHT treatment (1.875 g/kg) reversed ANIT-evoked disordered glutathione homeostasis (as determined by GSH/GSSG ratio) and increased in the mRNA levels for Il6 , Il1b and Tnfa associated with liver inflammation. Using network pharmacology-based approaches, we identified 22 putative targets involved in DCHT treatment for intrahepatic cholestasis not extrahepatic cholestasis. In addition, as evidenced by dual-luciferase reporter assays, compounds from DCHT with high affinity of PPARα increased luciferase levels from a PPARα-driven reporter. PPARα agonist fenofibrate was able to mimic the cytoprotective effect of DCHT on intrahepatic cholestasis, which was abolished by the PPARα antagonist GW6471. KEGG enrichment and western blot analyses showed that signaling axes of JNK/IL-6/NF-κB/STAT3 related to PPARα might be the principal pathway DCHT affects intrahepatic cholestasis. Taken together, the present study provides compelling evidence that DCHT is a promising formula against acute intrahepatic cholestasis with hepatotoxicity which works via PPARα activation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fruit color is one of the most important external qualities of pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) fruits. However, the mechanisms that control russet skin coloration in pear have not been well characterized. Here, we explored the molecular mechanisms that determine the russet skin trait in pear using the F1 population derived from a cross between russet skin ('Niitaka') and non-russet skin ('Dangshansu') cultivars. Pigment measurements indicated that the lignin content in the skin of the russet pear fruits was greater than that in the non-russet pear skin. Genetic analysis revealed that the phenotype of the russet skin pear is associated with an allele of the PpRus gene. Using bulked segregant analysis combined with the genome sequencing (BSA-seq), we identified two simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker loci linked with the russet-colored skin trait in pear. Linkage analysis showed that the PpRus locus maps to the scaffold NW_008988489.1: 53297-211921 on chromosome 8 in the pear genome. In the mapped region, the expression level of LOC103929640 was significantly increased in the russet skin pear and showed a correlation with the increase of lignin content during the ripening period. Genotyping results demonstrated that LOC103929640 encoding the transcription factor MYB36 is the causal gene for the russet skin trait in pear. Particularly, a W-box insertion at the PpMYB36 promoter of russet skin pears is essential for PpMYB36- mediated regulation of lignin accumulation and russet coloration in pear. Overall, these results show that PpMYB36 is involved in the regulation of russet skin trait in pear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This letter proposed a filter‐antenna with continuously adjustable center frequency and bandwidth. The proposed filter‐antenna employs a hybrid structure of a microstrip and quarter‐mode substrate‐integrated waveguide (QSIW). The simulation and test results show that the CF of the filter‐antenna can be continuously tuned between 1.35GHz and 1.472GHz, and the 10‐dB BW is continuously tuned between 30 MHz‐104 MHz. The simulated antenna radiation pattern can maintain good stability in the adjustable range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • The 26S proteasome subunit RPT2a interacts with a SUMO ligase AtMMS21. • The mutants of AtMMS21 and RPT2a have similar root developmental defects. • RPT2a is covalently modified by SUMO3 potentially mediated via AtMMS21. • The protein level of RPT2a and activity of the 26S proteasome are decreased in the AtMMS21 mutant. Abstract The 26S proteasome is a multi-subunit protease controlling most of the cytosolic and nuclear protein turnover, regulating many cellular events in eukaryotes. However, functional modification on this complex remains unclear. Here, we showed a novel mechanism that a SUMO ligase AtMMS21 regulates activity of the 26S proteasome in root development of Arabidopsis. Our in vitro and in vivo data supported that AtMMS21 interacts with RPT2a, a subunit of the 26S proteasome. The mutants of AtMMS21 and RPT2a display similar developmental defect of roots, suggesting their association in this process. In addition, RPT2a is modified by SUMO3, potentially related to AtMMS21. During development, the activity of the 26S proteasome is lower in both mutants of AtMMS21 and RPT2a , compared with that of wild type. Furthermore, the protein level but not the RNA level of RPT2a is decreased in the absence of AtMMS21 , implying stability regulation of the proteasome complex through the AtMMS21-RPT2a interaction. Taken together, the current study would improve our understanding on the regulatory mechanism of the 26S proteasome via protein modification in root development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The annual Zea mays ssp. mexicana L., a member of the teosinte group, is a close wild relative of maize and thus can be effectively used in maize improvement. In this study, an ICE- like gene, ZmmICE1 , was isolated from a cDNA library of RNA-Seq from cold-treated seedling tissues of Zea mays ssp. mexicana L. The deduced protein of ZmmICE1 contains a highly conserved basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain and C-terminal region of ICE -like proteins. The ZmmICE1 protein localizes to the nucleus and shows sumoylation when expressed in an Escherichia coli reconstitution system. In addition, yeast one hybrid assays indicated that ZmmICE1 has transactivation activities. Moreover, ectopic expression of ZmmICE1 in the Arabidopsis ice1-2 mutant increased freezing tolerance. The ZmmICE1 overexpressed plants showed lower electrolyte leakage (EL), reduced contents of malondialdehyde (MDA). The expression of downstream cold related genes of Arabidopsis C-repeat-binding factors ( AtCBF1 , AtCBF2 and AtCBF3) , cold-responsive genes ( AtCOR15A and AtCOR47) , kinesin-1 member gene ( AtKIN1) and responsive to desiccation gene ( AtRD29A) was significantly induced when compared with wild type under low temperature treatment. Taken together, these results indicated that ZmmICE1 is the homolog of Arabidopsis inducer of CBF expression genes ( AtICE1/2) and plays an important role in the regulation of freezing stress response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Worldwide significant amounts of food waste are generated daily causing serious environmental issues, occupying land and requiring expenditure of resources for its treatment. A smart method for handling this food waste problem is the development of novel processes targeting the conversion of this waste into value added products. Although valorization of food waste to biofuels, biochemicals and bio-polymers have been widely investigated, the utilization of food waste streams into biofertiliser has not been intensively reviewed. Conversion of food waste, especially agriculture residues into biofertiliser would reduce its environmental impact, improve nutrition levels of the soil, decrease requirements for synthetic chemical fertiliser and have a direct benefit on food production. This paper reviews recent progress in the field regarding the production of biofertiliser from food waste, using anaerobic digestion, aerobic composting, chemical hydrolysis, in situ degradation and direct burning methods. This review also highlights the latest field applications of biofertiliser derived from various food waste streams. It confirms that the technology for the conversion of food waste to biofertilisers is viable, but the production efficiency could be improved with better process control strategies, strict quality controls, development of a smart product distribution system and adoption of advanced technologies. Field tests have indicated that biofertilisers which are obtained in proper managed AD plants are safe and could partially replace the use of chemical fertilisers in field application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]