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Insofar as numerous ecotourism destinations host indigenous communities, these sites add emphasis to sustainable tourism's cultural dimension alongside its environmental one. Especially noteworthy is the interplay between formal and informal institutions for decision-making regarding ecotourist infrastructure. Contemporary literature advocating participation seldom concerns the often-substantial role played by informal institutions, preferring to focus on formal institutions. As a result, even well-meaning formal institutions meant to encourage participation can be undermined by disregarding established informal institutions that retain contemporary relevance in governance-related matters. In this article, we redress this imbalance by analyzing six distinct projects undertaken in the Philippine mountain retreat of Sagada between 1994 and 2013, focusing on formal/informal institutional interplay in decision-making. That formal institutions do not always dominate informal ones has wider implications for initiatives designed to encourage community participation. To this end, we develop a typological theory which identifies factors affecting informal institutions' adaptations to formal ones:goodnessoffit,retrofitting,decouplingandbricolage. These adaptations have policymaking implications for helping to promote indigenous people's rights to self-determination in sustainable contexts. Sagada's backdrop also provides a useful vantage point in discerning how international rights conventions filter down to local-level implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The art of sending remittances overlaps with migration, technological innovation and marketing – three of globalization's driving forces. All things being equal, the role of innovation with regard to remittances is to reduce transaction costs in making these transfers. Yet, other aspects of the marketing mix come into play apart from the price of sending remittances such as product user-friendliness, the location of senders and beneficiaries, and the promotion of these technologies. In this article, I assess the state of the remittance art in terms of meeting the needs of remittance senders and beneficiaries and future directions that this domain may take due to further diffusion of innovations. Remittance technologies represent a promising direction in which cutting edge technology is harnessed to focus on developing world concerns. By enlisting the talents of the world's foremost product and service designers, private sector initiatives such as these can play a role in helping ease poverty's penalties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social entrepreneurship has received substantial general attention, though formal research interest in the concept has been more limited. I propose using the capabilities approach as a unifying theoretical framework in comprehending the concept. This approach is useful in evaluating and then linking the causal, motivational, behavioural and directive dimensions of social entrepreneurship. Consequently, an illustrative theoretical framework is developed to guide future research that is cognizant of the similarities and differences between conventional and social entrepreneurship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]