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423 results on '"Zaidi, Anita K. M."'

1. Spatiotemporal variation in risk of Shigella infection in childhood: a global risk mapping and prediction model using individual participant data

Author

Badr, Hamada S, Colston, Josh M, Nguyen, Nhat-Lan H, Chen, Yen Ting, Burnett, Eleanor, Ali, Syed Asad, Rayamajhi, Ajit, Satter, Syed M, Van Trang, Nguyen, Eibach, Daniel, Krumkamp, Ralf, May, Jürgen, Adegnika, Ayola Akim, Manouana, Gédéon Prince, Kremsner, Peter Gottfried, Chilengi, Roma, Hatyoka, Luiza, Debes, Amanda K, Ateudjieu, Jerome, Faruque, Abu S G, Hossain, M Jahangir, Kanungo, Suman, Kotloff, Karen L, Mandomando, Inácio, Nisar, M Imran, Omore, Richard, Sow, Samba O, Zaidi, Anita K M, Lambrecht, Nathalie, Adu, Bright, Page, Nicola, Platts-Mills, James A, Mavacala Freitas, Cesar, Pelkonen, Tuula, Ashorn, Per, Maleta, Kenneth, Ahmed, Tahmeed, Bessong, Pascal, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Mason, Carl, Mduma, Estomih, Olortegui, Maribel P, Peñataro Yori, Pablo, Lima, Aldo A M, Kang, Gagandeep, Humphrey, Jean, Ntozini, Robert, Prendergast, Andrew J, Okada, Kazuhisa, Wongboot, Warawan, Langeland, Nina, Moyo, Sabrina J, Gaensbauer, James, Melgar, Mario, Freeman, Matthew, Chard, Anna N, Thongpaseuth, Vonethalom, Houpt, Eric, Zaitchik, Benjamin F, and Kosek, Margaret N

Published
2023
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2. Infectious aetiologies of neonatal illness in south Asia classified using WHO definitions: a primary analysis of the ANISA study

Author

Arvay, Melissa L, Shang, Nong, Qazi, Shamim A, Darmstadt, Gary L, Islam, Mohammad Shahidul, Roth, Daniel E, Liu, Anran, Connor, Nicholas E, Hossain, Belal, Sadeq-ur Rahman, Qazi, El Arifeen, Shams, Mullany, Luke C, Zaidi, Anita K M, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Soofi, Sajid B, Shafiq, Yasir, Baqui, Abdullah H, Mitra, Dipak K, Panigrahi, Pinaki, Panigrahi, Kalpana, Bose, Anuradha, Isaac, Rita, Westreich, Daniel, Meshnick, Steven R, Saha, Samir K, and Schrag, Stephanie J

Published
2022
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3. Diarrhoeal disease and subsequent risk of death in infants and children residing in low-income and middle-income countries: analysis of the GEMS case-control study and 12-month GEMS-1A follow-on study

Author

Levine, Myron M, Nasrin, Dilruba, Acácio, Sozinho, Bassat, Quique, Powell, Helen, Tennant, Sharon M, Sow, Samba O, Sur, Dipika, Zaidi, Anita K M, Faruque, Abu S G, Hossain, M Jahangir, Alonso, Pedro L, Breiman, Robert F, O'Reilly, Ciara E, Mintz, Eric D, Omore, Richard, Ochieng, John B, Oundo, Joseph O, Tamboura, Boubou, Sanogo, Doh, Onwuchekwa, Uma, Manna, Byomkesh, Ramamurthy, Thandavarayan, Kanungo, Suman, Ahmed, Shahnawaz, Qureshi, Shahida, Quadri, Farheen, Hossain, Anowar, Das, Sumon K, Antonio, Martin, Saha, Debasish, Mandomando, Inacio, Blackwelder, William C, Farag, Tamer, Wu, Yukun, Houpt, Eric R, Verweiij, Jaco J, Sommerfelt, Halvor, Nataro, James P, Robins-Browne, Roy M, and Kotloff, Karen L

Published
2020
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5. The incidence, aetiology, and adverse clinical consequences of less severe diarrhoeal episodes among infants and children residing in low-income and middle-income countries: a 12-month case-control study as a follow-on to the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS)

Author

Kotloff, Karen L, Nasrin, Dilruba, Blackwelder, William C, Wu, Yukun, Farag, Tamer, Panchalingham, Sandra, Sow, Samba O, Sur, Dipika, Zaidi, Anita K M, Faruque, Abu S G, Saha, Debasish, Alonso, Pedro L, Tamboura, Boubou, Sanogo, Doh, Onwuchekwa, Uma, Manna, Byomkesh, Ramamurthy, Thandavarayan, Kanungo, Suman, Ahmed, Shahnawaz, Qureshi, Shahida, Quadri, Farheen, Hossain, Anowar, Das, Sumon K, Antonio, Martin, Hossain, M Jahangir, Mandomando, Inacio, Acácio, Sozinho, Biswas, Kousick, Tennant, Sharon M, Verweij, Jaco J, Sommerfelt, Halvor, Nataro, James P, Robins-Browne, Roy M, and Levine, Myron M

Published
2019
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6. The global burden of typhoid and paratyphoid fevers: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Author

Stanaway, Jeffrey D, Reiner, Robert C, Blacker, Brigette F., Goldberg, Ellen M, Khalil, Ibrahim A., Troeger, Christopher E, Andrews, Jason R, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Crump, John A, Im, Justin, Marks, Florian, Mintz, Eric, Park, Se Eun, Zaidi, Anita K M, Abebe, Zegeye, Abejie, Ayenew Negesse, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Ali, Beriwan Abdulqadir, Amare, Azmeraw T., Atalay, Hagos Tasew, Avokpaho, Euripide F G A, Bacha, Umar, Barac, Aleksandra, Bedi, Neeraj, Berhane, Adugnaw, Browne, Annie J, Chirinos, Jesus L., Chitheer, Abdulaal, Dolecek, Christiane, El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa, Eshrati, Babak, Foreman, Kyle J., Gemechu, Abdella, Gupta, Rahul, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Henok, Andualem, Hibstu, Desalegn Tsegaw, Hoang, Chi Linh, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Iyer, Veena J, Kahsay, Amaha, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khang, Young-Ho, Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan, Melku, Mulugeta, Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mokdad, Ali H, Nachega, Jean B, Naheed, Aliya, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, Nguyen, Long Hoang, Nguyen, Nam Ba, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Nirayo, Yirga Legesse, Pangestu, Tikki, Patton, George C, Qorbani, Mostafa, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rana, Saleem M, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Roba, Kedir Teji, Roberts, Nicholas L S, Rubino, Salvatore, Safiri, Saeid, Sartorius, Benn, Sawhney, Monika, Shiferaw, Mekonnen Sisay, Smith, David L, Sykes, Bryan L., Tran, Bach Xuan, Tran, Tung Thanh, Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna, Vu, Giang Thu, Vu, Linh Gia, Weldegebreal, Fitsum, Yenit, Melaku Kindie, Murray, Christopher J L, and Hay, Simon I.

Published
2019
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8. Rotavirus Infection and Disease in a Multisite Birth Cohort: Results From the MAL-ED Study

Author

Etiology, Risk Factors, and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development (MAL-ED) Network Investigators, Mohan, Venkata Raghava, Karthikeyan, Ramanujam, Babji, Sudhir, McGrath, Monica, Shrestha, Sanjaya, Shrestha, Jasmin, Mdumah, Estomih, Amour, Caroline, Samie, Amidou, Nyathi, Emanuel, Haque, Rashidul, Qureshi, Shahida, Yori, Pablo Peñataro, Lima, Aldo A. M., Bodhidatta, Ladaporn, Svensen, Erling, Bessong, Pascal, Ahmed, Tahmeed, Seidman, Jessica C., Zaidi, Anita K. M., Kosek, Margaret N., Guerrant, Richard L., Gratz, Jean, Platts-Mills, James A., Lang, Dennis R., Gottlieb, Michael, Houpt, Eric R., and Kang, Gagandeep

Published
2017

12. Norovirus Infection and Acquired Immunity in 8 Countries: Results From the MAL-ED Study

Author

Etiology, Risk Factors, and interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development Project (MAL-ED) Network Investigators, Rouhani, Saba, Yori, Pablo Peñataro, Olortegui, Maribel Paredes, Salas, Mery Siguas, Trigoso, Dixner Rengifo, Mondal, Dinesh, Bodhidatta, Ladaporn, Platts-Mills, James, Samie, Amidou, Kabir, Furqan, Lima, Aldo, Babji, Sudhir, Mason, Carl J., Kalam, Adil, Bessong, Pascal, Ahmed, Tahmeed, Mduma, Estomih, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Lima, Ila, Ramdass, Rakhi, Lang, Dennis, George, Ajila, Zaidi, Anita K. M., Kang, Gagandeep, Houpt, Eric, and Kosek, Margaret N.

Published
2016

14. Neonatal Infections

Author

Merali, Hasan S., Zaidi, Anita K. M., Nelson, Brett D., Gupta, Nupur, editor, Nelson, Brett D., editor, Kasper, Jennifer, editor, and Hibberd, Patricia L., editor

Published
2014
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16. Correction to: Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in children under 5 years of age before introduction of pneumococcal vaccine (PCV10) in urban and rural districts in Pakistan

Author

Nisar, Muhammad Imran, Nayani, Kanwal, Akhund, Tauseef, Riaz, Atif, Irfan, Omar, Shakoor, Sadia, Muneer, Sehrish, Muslim, Sana, Hotwani, Aneeta, Kabir, Furqan, Whitney, Cynthia, Kim, Lindsay, Srinivasan, Velusamy, Ali, Asad, Zaidi, Anita K. M., and Jehan, Fyezah

Published
2019
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18. Risk factors for community-acquired bacterial infection among young infants in South Asia: a longitudinal cohort study with nested case–control analysis

Author

Connor, Nicholas E, primary, Islam, Mohammad Shahidul, additional, Mullany, Luke C, additional, Shang, Nong, additional, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, additional, Zaidi, Anita K M, additional, Soofi, Sajid, additional, Nisar, Imran, additional, Panigrahi, Pinaki, additional, Panigrahi, Kalpana, additional, Satpathy, Radhanath, additional, Bose, Anuradha, additional, Isaac, Rita, additional, Baqui, Abdullah H, additional, Mitra, Dipak K, additional, Sadeq-ur Rahman, Qazi, additional, Hossain, Tanvir, additional, Schrag, Stephanie J, additional, Winchell, Jonas M, additional, Arvay, Melissa L, additional, Diaz, Maureen H, additional, Waller, Jessica L, additional, Weber, Martin W, additional, Hamer, Davidson H, additional, Hibberd, Patricia, additional, Nawshad Uddin Ahmed, A S M, additional, Islam, Maksuda, additional, Hossain, Mohammad Belal, additional, Qazi, Shamim A, additional, El Arifeen, Shams, additional, Darmstadt, Gary L, additional, and Saha, Samir K, additional

Published
2022
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22. Microbiologic Methods Utilized in the MAL-ED Cohort Study

Author

Houpt, Eric, Gratz, Jean, Kosek, Margaret, Zaidi, Anita K. M., Qureshi, Shahida, Kang, Gagandeep, Babji, Sudhir, Mason, Carl, Bodhidatta, Ladaporn, Samie, Amidou, Bessong, Pascal, Barrett, Leah, Lima, Aldo, Havt, Alexandre, Haque, Rashidul, Mondal, Dinesh, Taniuchi, Mami, Stroup, Suzanne, McGrath, Monica, and Lang, Dennis

Published
2014
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23. Shigella Isolates From the Global Enteric Multicenter Study Inform Vaccine Development

Author

Livio, Sofie, Strockbine, Nancy A., Panchalingam, Sandra, Tennant, Sharon M., Barry, Eileen M., Marohn, Mark E., Antonio, Martin, Hossain, Anowar, Mandomando, Inacio, Ochieng, John B., Oundo, Joseph O., Qureshi, Shahida, Ramamurthy, Thandavarayan, Tamboura, Boubou, Adegbola, Richard A., Hossain, Mohammed Jahangir, Saha, Debasish, Sen, Sunil, Faruque, Abu Syed Golam, Alonso, Pedro L., Breiman, Robert F., Zaidi, Anita K. M., Sur, Dipika, Sow, Samba O., Berkeley, Lynette Y., O'Reilly, Ciara E., Mintz, Eric D., Biswas, Kousick, Cohen, Dani, Farag, Tamer H., Nasrin, Dilruba, Wu, Yukun, Blackwelder, William C., Kotloff, Karen L., Nataro, James P., and Levine, Myron M.

Published
2014
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25. Antibiotic resistance—the need for global solutions

Author

Laxminarayan, Ramanan, Duse, Adriano, Wattal, Chand, Zaidi, Anita K M, Wertheim, Heiman F L, Sumpradit, Nithima, Vlieghe, Erika, Hara, Gabriel Levy, Gould, Ian M, Goossens, Herman, Greko, Christina, So, Anthony D, Bigdeli, Maryam, Tomson, Göran, Woodhouse, Will, Ombaka, Eva, Peralta, Arturo Quizhpe, Qamar, Farah Naz, Mir, Fatima, Kariuki, Sam, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Coates, Anthony, Bergstrom, Richard, Wright, Gerard D, Brown, Eric D, and Cars, Otto

Published
2013
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26. Spatiotemporal variation in risk of Shigella infection in childhood: a global risk mapping and prediction model using individual participant data

Author

Badr, Hamada S., primary, Colston, Josh M., additional, Nguyen, Nhat-Lan H., additional, Chen, Yen Ting, additional, Ali, Syed Asad, additional, Rayamajhi, Ajit, additional, Satter, Syed M., additional, Van Trang, Nguyen, additional, Eibach, Daniel, additional, Krumkamp, Ralf, additional, May, Jürgen, additional, Adegnika, Ayola Akim, additional, Prince Manouana, Gédéon, additional, Kremsner, Peter Gottfried, additional, Chilengi, Roma, additional, Hatyoka, Luiza, additional, Debes, Amanda K., additional, Ateudjieu, Jerome, additional, Faruque, Abu S. G., additional, Hossain, M. Jahangir, additional, Kanungo, Suman, additional, Kotloff, Karen L., additional, Mandomando, Inácio, additional, Nisar, M. Imran, additional, Omore, Richard, additional, Sow, Samba O., additional, Zaidi, Anita K. M., additional, Lambrecht, Nathalie, additional, Adu, Bright, additional, Page, Nicola, additional, Platts-Mills, James A., additional, Freitas, Cesar Mavacala, additional, Pelkonen, Tuula, additional, Ashorn, Per, additional, Maleta, Kenneth, additional, Ahmed, Tahmeed, additional, Bessong, Pascal, additional, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., additional, Mason, Carl, additional, Mduma, Estomih, additional, Olortegui, Maribel P., additional, Yori, Pablo Peñataro, additional, Lima, Aldo A. M., additional, Kang, Gagandeep, additional, Humphrey, Jean, additional, Ntozini, Robert, additional, Prendergast, Andrew J., additional, Okada, Kazuhisa, additional, Wongboot, Warawan, additional, Langeland, Nina, additional, Moyo, Sabrina J., additional, Gaensbauer, James, additional, Melgar, Mario, additional, Freeman, Matthew, additional, Chard, Anna N., additional, Thongpaseuth, Vonethalom, additional, Houpt, Eric, additional, Zaitchik, Benjamin F., additional, and Kosek, Margaret N., additional

Published
2022
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27. Pneumococcal Carriage in Infants Post-PCV10 Introduction in Pakistan: Results from Serial Cross-Sectional Surveys

Author

Shahid, Shahira, primary, Khan, Amala, additional, Nisar, Muhammad Imran, additional, Khalid, Farah, additional, Qazi, Muhammad Farrukh, additional, Ahmed, Sheraz, additional, Kabir, Furqan, additional, Hotwani, Aneeta, additional, Muneer, Sahrish, additional, Ali, Syed Asad, additional, Whitney, Cynthia G., additional, Zaidi, Anita K. M., additional, and Jehan, Fyezah, additional

Published
2022
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28. The Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS) of Diarrheal Disease in Infants and Young Children in Developing Countries: Epidemiologic and Clinical Methods of the Case/Control Study

Author

Kotloff, Karen L., Blackwelder, William C., Nasrin, Dilruba, Nataro, James P., Farag, Tamer H., van Eijk, Annemieke, Adegbola, Richard A., Alonso, Pedro L., Breiman, Robert F., Faruque, Abu Syed Golam, Saha, Debasish, Sow, Samba O., Sur, Dipika, Zaidi, Anita K. M., Biswas, Kousick, Panchalingam, Sandra, Clemens, John D., Cohen, Dani, Glass, Roger I., Mintz, Eric D., Sommerfelt, Halvor, and Levine, Myron M.

Published
2012
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29. Diagnostic Microbiologic Methods in the GEMS-1 Case/Control Study

Author

Panchalingam, Sandra, Antonio, Martin, Hossain, Anowar, Mandomando, Inacio, Ochieng, Ben, Oundo, Joseph, Ramamurthy, T., Tamboura, Boubou, Zaidi, Anita K. M., Petri, William, Houpt, Eric, Murray, Patrick, Prado, Valeria, Vidal, Roberto, Steele, Duncan, Strockbine, Nancy, Sansonetti, Philippe, Glass, Roger I., Robins-Browne, Roy M., Tauschek, Marija, Svennerholm, Ann-Marie, Kotloff, Karen L., Levine, Myron M., and Nataro, James P.

Published
2012
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31. Taking on Typhoid: Eliminating Typhoid Fever as a Global Health Problem.

Author

Chen, Jessie, Long, Jessica E, Vannice, Kirsten, Shewchuk, Tanya, Kumar, Supriya, Steele, A Duncan, and Zaidi, Anita K M

Subjects
TYPHOID fever, COVID-19 pandemic, ENDEMIC diseases, WORLD health
Abstract

Typhoid fever is a significant global health problem that impacts people living in areas without access to clean water and sanitation. However, collaborative international partnerships and new research have improved both knowledge of the burden in countries with endemic disease and the tools for improved surveillance, including environmental surveillance. Two typhoid conjugate vaccines (TCVs) have achieved World Health Organization prequalification, with several more in the development pipeline. Despite hurdles posed by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, multiple TCV efficacy trials have been conducted in high-burden countries, and data indicate that TCVs provide a high degree of protection from typhoid fever, are safe to use in young children, provide lasting protection, and have the potential to combat typhoid antimicrobial resistance. Now is the time to double down on typhoid control and elimination by sustaining progress made through water, sanitation, and hygiene improvements and accelerating TCV introduction in high-burden locations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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32. Randomized trial of amoxicillin vs. placebo for pneumonia in Pakistan

Author

Jehan, Fyezah, Nisar, Muhammad Imran, Kerai, Salima, Balouch, Benazir, Brown, Nick, Rahman, Najeeb, Rizvi, Arjumand, Shafiq, Yasir, and Zaidi, Anita K M

Subjects
Amoxicillin, Humans, Pakistan, Pneumonia, Child, Article, Anti-Bacterial Agents
Abstract

BACKGROUND World Health Organization (WHO) recommends oral amoxicillin in fast breathing pneumonia while recent trial evidence indicates that non-treatment might be non-inferior. METHODS A double blind randomized parallel placebo-controlled non-inferiority trial was conducted in slums of Karachi, Pakistan. Children 2-59 months at primary health care centres fulfilling WHO criteria for fast-breathing pneumonia without danger signs were randomized to three days of placebo (test treatment) or amoxicillin using WHO weight bands. Primary outcome was cumulative treatment failure from randomization to completion of 3 days of treatment. A priori non-inferiority margin was set based on treatment failure of 3.5% in amoxicillin and 1.75% in placebo arm (NI margin of 1.75%). RESULTS Between November 9 2014 and November 30 2017, 4002 children were randomized; placebo (n=1999) and amoxicillin (n=2,003). Per protocol failure rates for placebo group were 4.9 % (995/ 1927) and amoxicillin group were 2.6 %( 51/1929); difference 2.23 %( Upper bound of 95 % CI 3.24; P Value

Published
2020

35. Enhanced Diagnosis of Pneumococcal Meningitis with Use of the Binax NOW Immunochromatographic Test of Streptococcus pneumoniae Antigen: A Multisite Study

Author

Moïsi, Jennifer C., Sana, Samir K., Falade, Adegoke G., Njanpop-Lafourcade, Berthe-Marie, Oundo, Joseph, Zaidi, Anita K. M., Afroj, Shirin, Bakare, R. A., Buss, Julie K., Lasi, Razzaq, Mueller, Judith, Odekanmi, A. A., Sangaré, Lassana, Scott, J. Anthony G., Knoll, Maria Deloria, Levine, Orin S., and Gessner, Bradford D.

Published
2009
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36. Serotype-specific effectiveness against pneumococcal carriage and serotype replacement after ten-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV10) introduction in Pakistan

Author

Nisar, Muhammad Imran, primary, Jehan, Fyezah, additional, Shahid, Shahira, additional, Ahmed, Sheraz, additional, Shakoor, Sadia, additional, Kabir, Furqan, additional, Hotwani, Aneeta, additional, Muneer, Sahrish, additional, Khalid, Farah, additional, Muhammad, Sajid, additional, Althouse, Benjamin M., additional, Hu, Hao, additional, Whitney, Cynthia G., additional, Ali, Asad, additional, Zaidi, Anita K. M., additional, Omer, Saad B., additional, and Iqbal, Najeeha, additional

Published
2022
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37. Associations Between Eight Earth Observation‐Derived Climate Variables and Enteropathogen Infection: An Independent Participant Data Meta‐Analysis of Surveillance Studies With Broad Spectrum Nucleic Acid Diagnostics

Author

Colston, Josh M., primary, Zaitchik, Benjamin F., additional, Badr, Hamada S., additional, Burnett, Eleanor, additional, Ali, Syed Asad, additional, Rayamajhi, Ajit, additional, Satter, Syed M., additional, Eibach, Daniel, additional, Krumkamp, Ralf, additional, May, Jürgen, additional, Chilengi, Roma, additional, Howard, Leigh M., additional, Sow, Samba O., additional, Jahangir Hossain, M., additional, Saha, Debasish, additional, Imran Nisar, M., additional, Zaidi, Anita K. M., additional, Kanungo, Suman, additional, Mandomando, Inácio, additional, Faruque, Abu S. G., additional, Kotloff, Karen L., additional, Levine, Myron M., additional, Breiman, Robert F., additional, Omore, Richard, additional, Page, Nicola, additional, Platts‐Mills, James A., additional, Ashorn, Ulla, additional, Fan, Yue‐Mei, additional, Shrestha, Prakash Sunder, additional, Ahmed, Tahmeed, additional, Mduma, Estomih, additional, Yori, Pablo Penatero, additional, Bhutta, Zulfiqar, additional, Bessong, Pascal, additional, Olortegui, Maribel P., additional, Lima, Aldo A. M., additional, Kang, Gagandeep, additional, Humphrey, Jean, additional, Prendergast, Andrew J., additional, Ntozini, Robert, additional, Okada, Kazuhisa, additional, Wongboot, Warawan, additional, Gaensbauer, James, additional, Melgar, Mario T., additional, Pelkonen, Tuula, additional, Freitas, Cesar Mavacala, additional, and Kosek, Margaret N., additional

Published
2022
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38. Antimicrobial Resistance in Pneumococcal Carriage Isolates from Children under 2 Years of Age in Rural Pakistan

Author

Nisar, Muhammad Imran, primary, Shahid, Shahira, additional, Jehan, Fyezah, additional, Ahmed, Sheraz, additional, Shakoor, Sadia, additional, Kabir, Furqan, additional, Hotwani, Aneeta, additional, Munir, Sahrish, additional, Khalid, Farah, additional, Muhammad, Sajid, additional, Whitney, Cynthia G., additional, Ali, Asad, additional, Zaidi, Anita K. M., additional, Omer, Saad B., additional, and Iqbal, Najeeha, additional

Published
2021
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39. Exploring terminology for puerperal sepsis and its symptoms in urban Karachi, Pakistan to improve communication, care-seeking, and illness recognition.

Author

Kalbarczyk, Anna, Mir, Fatima, Ariff, Shabina, Ali Nathwani, Apsara, Kazi, Momin, Kaur, Gurpreet, Yousuf, Farheen, Hirani, Farzeen, Sultana, Shazia, Bartlett, Linda A., Lefevre, Amnesty E., Bhutta, Shereen, Soofi, Sajid, Zaidi, Anita K. M., and Winch, Peter J.

Subjects
SEMANTICS, HEALTH services accessibility, COUNSELING, FEVER, PAIN, RESEARCH methodology, HELP-seeking behavior, LANGUAGE & languages, INTERVIEWING, MEDICAL care costs, SEPSIS, INFECTION, PUERPERAL disorders, PATIENTS' attitudes, CONTENT mining, PREECLAMPSIA, MEDICAL protocols, VAGINA, COMPARATIVE studies, TERMS & phrases, COMMUNICATION, HEALTH attitudes, PUERPERIUM, DECISION making, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, DEVELOPING countries, DELIVERY (Obstetrics), INDUSTRIAL research, ALGORITHMS, SYMPTOMS
Abstract

Puerperal sepsis is an important cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Awareness of local terminology for its signs and symptoms may improve communication about this illness, what actions to take when symptoms appear, timely care seeking, and clinical outcomes. This formative research aimed to improve recognition and management of postpartum sepsis in Pakistan by eliciting local terms used for postpartum illnesses and symptoms. We conducted 32 in-depth interviews with recently delivered women, their relatives, traditional birth attendants, and health care providers to explore postpartum experiences. Terms for symptoms and illness are used interchangeably (i.e. bukhar, the Urdu word for fever), many variations exist for the same term, and gradations of severity for each term as not associated with different types of illnesses. The lack of a designated term for postpartum sepsis in Urdu delays care-seeking and proper diagnosis, particularly at the community level. Ideally, a common lexicon for symptoms and postpartum sepsis would be developed but this may not be feasible or appropriate given the nature of the Urdu language and local understandings of postpartum illness. These insights can inform how we approach educational campaigns, the development of clinical algorithms that focus on symptoms, and counselling protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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42. Full breastfeeding protection against common enteric bacteria and viruses: results from the MAL-ED cohort study

Author

Mccormick, Benjamin J. J, Richard, Stephanie A, Murray-Kolb, Laura E, Kang, Gagandeep, Lima, Aldo A. M, Mduma, Estomih, Kosek, Margaret N, Rogawski Mcquade, Elizabeth T, Houpt, Eric R, Bessong, Pascal, Shrestha, Sanjaya, Bhutta, Zulfiqar, Ahmed, Tahmeed, Caulfield, Laura E, Acosta, Angel Mendez, De Burga, Rosa Rios, Chavez, Cesar Banda, Flores, Julian Torres, Olotegui, Maribel Paredes, Pinedo, Silvia Rengifo, Salas, Mery Siguas, Trigoso, Dixner Rengifo, Vasquez, Angel Orbe, Ahmed, Imran, Alam, Didar, Ali, Asad, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Qureshi, Shahida, Rasheed, Muneera Abdul, Soofi, Sajid, Turab, Ali, Yousafzai, Aisha, Zaidi, Anita K. M., Bodhidatta, Ladaporn, Ammu, Geetha, Babji, Sudhir, Bose, Anuradha, George, Ajila T., Hariraju, Dinesh, Jennifer, M Steffi, John, Sushil, Kaki, Shiny, Karunakaran, Priyadarshani, Koshy, Beena, Lazarus, Robin P., Muliyil, Jayaprakash, Ragasudha, Preethi, Raghava, Mohan Venkata, Raju, Sophy, Ramachandran, Anup, Ramadas, Rakhi, Ramanujam, Karthikeyan, Rose, Anuradha, Roshan, Reeba, Sharma, Srujan L., Shanmuga Sundaram, Sundaram, Thomas, Rahul J., Pan, William K., Ambikapathi, Ramya, Carreon, J. Daniel, Doan, Viyada, Hoest, Christel, Knobler, Stacey, McCormick, Benjamin J. J., McGrath, Monica, Miller, Mark A., Psaki, Stephanie, Rasmussen, Zeba, Seidman, Jessica C., Gottlieb, Michael, Lang, Dennis R., Tountas, Karen H., Svensen, Erling, Amour, Caroline, Bayyo, Eliwaza, Mduma, Estomih R., Mvungi, Regisiana, Nshama, Rosemary, Pascal, John, Swema, Buliga Mujaga, Yarrot, Ladislaus, Mason, Carl J., Shamsir Ahmed, Ahmed, Alam, Md Ashraful, Haque, Rashidul, Haque, Umma, Hossain, Md Iqbal, Islam, Munirul, Mahfuz, Mustafa, Mondal, Dinesh, Nahar, Baitun, Tofail, Fahmida, Chandyo, Ram Krishna, Shrestha, Prakash Sunder, Shrestha, Rita, Chandyo, Manjeswori Ulak, Bauck, Aubrey, Black, Robert E., Checkley, William, Lee, Gwenyth O., Schulze, Kerry, Yori, Pablo Peñataro, Ross, A. Catharine, Schaefer, Barbara, Simons, Suzanne, Pendergast, Laura, Abreu, Cláudia B., Costa, Hilda, Di Moura, Alessandra, Filho, José Quirino, Havt, Alexandre, Leite, Álvaro M., Lima, Noélia L., Lima, Ila F., Maciel, Bruna L. L., Medeiros, Pedro H. Q. S., Moraes, Milena, Mota, Francisco S., Oriá, Reinaldo B., Quetz, Josiane, Soares, Alberto M., Mota, Rosa M. S., Patil, Crystal L., Mahopo, Cloupas, Maphula, Angelina, Nyathi, Emanuel, Samie, Amidou, Barrett, Leah, Dillingham, Rebecca, Gratz, Jean, Guerrant, Richard L., Houpt, Eric, Petri, William A., Platts-Mills, James, Rogawski, Elizabeth, Scharf, Rebecca, Rogawski, Elizabeth T., Shrestha, Binob, Rayamajhi, Bishnu Bahadur, and Strand, Tor Arne

Subjects
Diarrhea, medicine.medical_specialty, Breastfeeding, Medicine (miscellaneous), Cryptosporidiosis, Cryptosporidium, Breast milk, medicine.disease_cause, Astrovirus, Cohort Studies, Internal medicine, Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Rotavirus, parasitic diseases, medicine, Escherichia coli, Humans, Nutrition and Dietetics, biology, business.industry, Campylobacter, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Sapovirus, biology.organism_classification, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Breast Feeding, Viruses, Norovirus, Female, business
Abstract

Background Breastfeeding is known to reduce risk of enteropathogen infections, but protection from specific enteropathogens is not well characterized. Objective To estimate the association between full breastfeeding (days fed breast milk exclusively or with non-nutritive liquids) and enteropathogen detection. Design 2,145 newborns were enrolled in eight sites, of whom 1,712 had breastfeeding and key enteropathogen data through 6 months. We focused on eleven enteropathogens: adenovirus 40/41, norovirus, sapovirus, astrovirus, and rotavirus, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), Campylobacter spp, and typical enteropathogenic E. coli as well as entero-aggregative E. coli, Shigella and Cryptosporidium. Logistic regression was used to estimate the risk of enteropathogen detection in stools and survival analysis to estimate the timing of first detection of an enteropathogen. Results Infants with 10% more days of full breastfeeding within the preceding 30 days of a stool sample were less likely to have the three E. Coli and Campylobacter spp detected in their stool (mean odds 0.92���0.99) but equally likely (0.99���1.02) to have the viral pathogens detected in their stool. A 10% longer period of full breastfeeding from birth was associated with later first detection of the three E. Coli, Campylobacter, adenovirus, astrovirus, and rotavirus (mean hazard ratios of 0.52���0.75). The hazards declined and point estimates were not statistically significant at 3 months. Conclusions In this large multi-center cohort study, full breastfeeding was associated with lower likelihood of detecting four important enteric pathogens in the first six months of life. These results also show that full breastfeeding is related to delays in the first detection of some bacterial and viral pathogens in the stool. As several of these pathogens are risk factors for poor growth during childhood, this work underscores the importance of exclusive or full breastfeeding during the first six months of life to optimize early health., Accepted for publication in AJCN

Published
2021

43. Pathogens Associated With Linear Growth Faltering in Children With Diarrhea and Impact of Antibiotic Treatment: The Global Enteric Multicenter Study

Author

Nasrin, Dilruba, primary, Blackwelder, William C, additional, Sommerfelt, Halvor, additional, Wu, Yukun, additional, Farag, Tamer H, additional, Panchalingam, Sandra, additional, Biswas, Kousick, additional, Saha, Debasish, additional, Jahangir Hossain, M, additional, Sow, Samba O, additional, Reiman, Robert F B, additional, Sur, Dipika, additional, Faruque, Abu S G, additional, Zaidi, Anita K M, additional, Sanogo, Doh, additional, Tamboura, Boubou, additional, Onwuchekwa, Uma, additional, Manna, Byomkesh, additional, Ramamurthy, Thandavarayan, additional, Kanungo, Suman, additional, Omore, Richard, additional, Ochieng, John B, additional, Oundo, Joseph O, additional, Das, Sumon K, additional, Ahmed, Shahnawaz, additional, Qureshi, Shahida, additional, Quadri, Farheen, additional, Adegbola, Richard A, additional, Antonio, Martin, additional, Mandomando, Inacio, additional, Nhampossa, Tacilta, additional, Bassat, Quique, additional, Roose, Anna, additional, O’Reilly, Ciara E, additional, Mintz, Eric D, additional, Ramakrishnan, Usha, additional, Powell, Helen, additional, Liang, Yuanyuan, additional, Nataro, James P, additional, Levine, Myron M, additional, and Kotloff, Karen L, additional

Published
2021
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44. A Global Agenda for Typhoid Control—A Perspective from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Author

Carey, Megan E, Diaz, Zoey I, Zaidi, Anita K M, and Steele, A Duncan

Subjects
Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines, Humans, Supplement Articles, Typhoid Fever, Global Health, Poverty, Foundations
Abstract

Recognizing that enteric fever disproportionately affects the poorest and the most vulnerable communities that have limited access to improved sanitation, safe water sources, and optimal medical care, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation has funded efforts to augment global understanding of the disease since the foundation’s inception. At the turn of the century, early efforts focused on characterizing the burden of disease in Asia and evaluating use of the available Vi-polysaccharide vaccines through the Diseases of the Most Impoverished projects at the International Vaccine Institute (IVI). More recent efforts have centered on supporting development of typhoid conjugate vaccines and expanding disease surveillance efforts into Africa, as well as generating a greater understanding of the clinical severity and sequelae of enteric fever in Africa, Asia, and India. The Typhoid Vaccine Accelerator Consortium is playing a critical role in coordinating these and other global efforts for the control of typhoid fever. Here, we outline the scope of support and strategic view of the foundation and describe how, by working through strong partnerships, we can realize a radical reduction of the significance of enteric fever as a global public health problem in the next 10 to 15 years.

Published
2019

45. Additional file 1 of Clinical signs predictive of severe illness in young Pakistani infants

Author

Shahira Shahid, Shiyam Sunder Tikmani, Kanwal Nayani, Munir, Ayesha, Brown, Nick, Zaidi, Anita K. M., Fyezah Jehan, and Nisar, Muhammad Imran

Subjects
ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION, Data_FILES, ComputerApplications_COMPUTERSINOTHERSYSTEMS
Abstract

Additional file 1. Supplementary Figure and Table

Published
2021
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47. Randomized Trial of Amoxicillin for Pneumonia in Pakistan

Author

Jehan, Fyezah, Aziz, Imran, Kerai, Salima, Balouch, Benazir, Brown, Nick, Rahman, Najeeb, Rizvi, Arjumand, Shafiq, Yasir, Zaidi, Anita K. M., Jehan, Fyezah, Aziz, Imran, Kerai, Salima, Balouch, Benazir, Brown, Nick, Rahman, Najeeb, Rizvi, Arjumand, Shafiq, Yasir, and Zaidi, Anita K. M.

Abstract

BACKGROUND The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends oral amoxicillin for patients who have pneumonia with tachypnea, yet trial data indicate that not using amoxicillin to treat this condition may be noninferior to using amoxicillin. METHODS We conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled noninferiority trial involving children at primary health care centers in low-income communities in Karachi, Pakistan. Children who were 2 to 59 months of age and who met WHO criteria for nonsevere pneumonia with tachypnea were randomly assigned to a 3-day course of a suspension of amoxicillin (the active control) of 50 mg per milliliter or matched volume of placebo (the test regimen), according to WHO weight bands (500 mg every 12 hours for a weight of 4 to <10 kg, 1000 mg every 12 hours for a weight of 10 to <14 kg, or 1500 mg every 12 hours for a weight of 14 to <20 kg). The primary outcome was treatment failure during the 3-day course of amoxicillin or placebo. The prespecified noninferiority margin was 1.75 percentage points. RESULTS From November 9, 2014, through November 30, 2017, a total of 4002 children underwent randomization (1999 in the placebo group and 2003 in the amoxicillin group). In the per-protocol analysis, the incidence of treatment failure was 4.9% among placebo recipients (95 of 1927 children) and 2.6% among amoxicillin recipients (51 of 1929 children) (between-group difference, 2.3 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.9 to 3.7). Results were similar in the intention-to-treat analysis. The presence of fever and wheeze predicted treatment failure. The number needed to treat to prevent one treatment failure was 44 (95% CI, 31 to 80). One patient (<0.1%) in each group died. Relapse occurred in 40 children (2.2%) in the placebo group and in 58 children (3.1%) in the amoxicillin group. CONCLUSIONS Among children younger than 5 years of age with nonsevere pneumonia, the frequency of treatment failure was higher in the plac

Published
2020
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48. Effect of case management on neonatal mortality due to sepsis and pneumonia

Author

Black Robert, Lee Anne CC, Cousens Simon, Syed Sana, Ganatra Hammad A, Zaidi Anita K M, Bhutta Zulfiqar A, and Lawn Joy E

Subjects
Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background Each year almost one million newborns die from infections, mostly in low-income countries. Timely case management would save many lives but the relative mortality effect of varying strategies is unknown. We have estimated the effect of providing oral, or injectable antibiotics at home or in first-level facilities, and of in-patient hospital care on neonatal mortality from pneumonia and sepsis for use in the Lives Saved Tool (LiST). Methods We conducted systematic searches of multiple databases to identify relevant studies with mortality data. Standardized abstraction tables were used and study quality assessed by adapted GRADE criteria. Meta-analyses were undertaken where appropriate. For interventions with biological plausibility but low quality evidence, a Delphi process was undertaken to estimate effectiveness. Results Searches of 2876 titles identified 7 studies. Among these, 4 evaluated oral antibiotics for neonatal pneumonia in non-randomised, concurrently controlled designs. Meta-analysis suggested reductions in all-cause neonatal mortality (RR 0.75 95% CI 0.64- 0.89; 4 studies) and neonatal pneumonia-specific mortality (RR 0.58 95% CI 0.41- 0.82; 3 studies). Two studies (1 RCT, 1 observational study), evaluated community-based neonatal care packages including injectable antibiotics and reported mortality reductions of 44% (RR= 0.56, 95% CI 0.41-0.77) and 34% (RR =0.66, 95% CI 0.47-0.93), but the interpretation of these results is complicated by co-interventions. A third, clinic-based, study reported a case-fatality ratio of 3.3% among neonates treated with injectable antibiotics as outpatients. No studies were identified evaluating injectable antibiotics alone for neonatal pneumonia. Delphi consensus (median from 20 respondents) effects on sepsis-specific mortality were 30% reduction for oral antibiotics, 65% for injectable antibiotics and 75% for injectable antibiotics on pneumonia-specific mortality. No trials were identified assessing effect of hospital management for neonatal infections and Delphi consensus suggested 80%, and 90% reductions for sepsis and pneumonia-specific mortality respectively. Conclusion Oral antibiotics administered in the community are effective for neonatal pneumonia mortality reduction based on a meta-analysis, but expert opinion suggests much higher impact from injectable antibiotics in the community or primary care level and even higher for facility-based care. Despite feasibility and low cost, these interventions are not widely available in many low income countries. Funding This work was supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation through a grant to the US Fund for UNICEF, and to Saving Newborn Lives Save the Children, through Save the Children US.

Published
2011
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49. Characteristics ofSalmonellaRecovered From Stools of Children Enrolled in the Global Enteric Multicenter Study

Author

Kasumba, Irene N, primary, Pulford, Caisey V, additional, Perez-Sepulveda, Blanca M, additional, Sen, Sunil, additional, Sayed, Nurulla, additional, Permala-Booth, Jasnehta, additional, Livio, Sofie, additional, Heavens, Darren, additional, Low, Ross, additional, Hall, Neil, additional, Roose, Anna, additional, Powell, Helen, additional, Farag, Tamer, additional, Panchalingham, Sandra, additional, Berkeley, Lynette, additional, Nasrin, Dilruba, additional, Blackwelder, William C, additional, Wu, Yukun, additional, Tamboura, Boubou, additional, Sanogo, Doh, additional, Onwuchekwa, Uma, additional, Sow, Samba O, additional, Ochieng, John B, additional, Omore, Richard, additional, Oundo, Joseph O, additional, Breiman, Robert F, additional, Mintz, Eric D, additional, O’Reilly, Ciara E, additional, Antonio, Martin, additional, Saha, Debasish, additional, Hossain, M Jahangir, additional, Mandomando, Inacio, additional, Bassat, Quique, additional, Alonso, Pedro L, additional, Ramamurthy, T, additional, Sur, Dipika, additional, Qureshi, Shahida, additional, Zaidi, Anita K M, additional, Hossain, Anowar, additional, Faruque, Abu S G, additional, Nataro, James P, additional, Kotloff, Karen L, additional, Levine, Myron M, additional, Hinton, Jay C D, additional, and Tennant, Sharon M, additional

Published
2021
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