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Osteoporosis is a major health concern worldwide. The present study aimed to identify effective biomarkers for osteoporosis detection. In osteoporosis, 559 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and Foxo signaling pathway. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis showed that green, pink, and tan modules were clinically significant modules, and that six genes (VEGFA, DDX5, SOD2, HNRNPD, EIF5B, and HSP90B1) were identified as “real” hub genes in the protein–protein interaction network, co-expression network, and 559 DEGs. The sensitivity and specificity of the support vector machine (SVM) for identifying patients with osteoporosis was 100%, with an area under curve of 1 in both training and validation datasets. Our results indicated that the current system using the SVM method could identify patients with osteoporosis.

Simple Summary: Weaning is a critical period in the development of piglets. During the weaning period, piglets are prone to weight loss, diarrhea, and even death due to factors such as the environment, feeding management, feed type, and feeding method. Current research indicates that essential oils can positively impact animal nutrition and production due to their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. However, essential oils are quickly metabolized in the upper gastro-intestinal tract, so that the concentrations remaining in the distal small intestine are far too low to improve the intestinal tract. Microencapsulation technology is a relatively new processing method for essential oils. However, there is a scarcity of studies investigating the effects of microencapsulated essential oils (MEO) on growth and intestinal structure in weaned piglets. Consequently, further research on the application of MEO in the diet of weaned piglets is warranted. In this study, we administered varying concentrations of MEO to assess its impact on ADG, ADFI, FCR, diarrhea score, intestinal structure, antioxidant capacity, and other factors in weaned piglets. The aim was to develop new feed additives to enhance intestinal health of weaned piglets. The study investigated the effects of microencapsulated essential oils (MEO) on the growth performance, diarrhea, and intestinal microenvironment of weaned piglets. The 120 thirty-day-old weaned piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire, 8.15 ± 0.07 kg) were randomly divided into four groups and were fed with a basal diet (CON) or CON diet containing 300 (L-MEO), 500 (M-MEO), and 700 (H-MEO) mg/kg MEO, respectively, and data related to performance were measured. The results revealed that MEO supplementation increased the ADG and ADFI in weaned piglets (p < 0.05) compared with CON, and reduced diarrhea rates in nursery pigs (p < 0.05). MEO supplementation significantly increased the duodenum's V:C ratio and the jejunal villi height of weaned piglets (p < 0.05). The addition of MEO significantly increased the T-AOC activity in the jejunum of piglets (p < 0.05), but only L-MEO decreased the MDA concentration (p < 0.01). H-MEO group significantly increases the content of isobutyric acid (p < 0.05) in the piglet colon, but it does not affect the content of other acids. In addition, MEO supplementation improved appetite in the nursery and increased the diversity and abundance of beneficial bacteria in the intestinal microbiome. In conclusion, these findings indicated that MEO supplementation improves growth and intestinal health in weaned piglets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the use of anti‐osteoporotic agents and refracture incidence in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) following percutaneous vertebral augmentation (PVA) and to evaluate the real‐world treatment of patients using denosumab following PVA. This study aims to provide spine surgeons with empirical insights derived from real‐world scenarios to enhance the management of bone health in OVCF patients. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was based on data from the MarketScan and Optum databases from the USA. Female patients aged 55–90 years who underwent PVA for OVCF between January 2013 and March 2020 were included and followed up from the day after surgery. Patients who received at least one dose of denosumab were included in the denosumab cohort and were further divided into the on‐treatment and off‐treatment groups according to whether they received a second dose of denosumab, with follow‐up beginning on the index day (225 days after the first denosumab dose). In this study, the off‐treatment group was considered as the control group. Refracture incidence after PVA, the proportion of patients using anti‐osteoporotic agents in the total study population, and refracture incidence after the index day in the denosumab cohort were analyzed. Results: A total of 13,451 and 21,420 patients from the MarketScan and Optum databases, respectively, were included. In the denosumab cohort, the cumulative incidence of clinical osteoporotic fractures within 3 years after the index day was significantly lower in the on‐treatment group than in the off‐treatment group (MarketScan database: 23.0% vs 39.0%, p = 0.002; Optum database: 28.2% vs 40.0%, p = 0.023). The cumulative incidence of clinical vertebral fractures was also lower in the on‐treatment group than in the off‐treatment group, with a significant difference in the MarketScan database (14.4% vs 25.5%, p = 0.002) and a numerical difference was found in the Optum database (20.2% vs 27.5%, p = 0.084).The proportion of patients using anti‐osteoporotic agents was low at 6 months postoperatively, with only approximately 7% using denosumab and 13%–15% taking oral bisphosphonates. Conclusion: Postmenopausal women have a high refracture rate and a low proportion of anti‐osteoporotic drug use after PVA. Continued denosumab treatment after PVA is associated with a lower risk of osteoporotic and clinical vertebral fractures. Therefore, denosumab may be a treatment option for patients with osteoporosis after PVA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]