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Big data mining and analytics help uncover hidden patterns and correlations in business. It serves as the optimal tool to interpret the behavior of companies in specific environments. Built on the large amount of data obtained from various sources, this paper examines the relationship between the tone of corporate social responsibility(CSR) reports and the degree of information asymmetry between investors and managers. Python software is used for data collection, text analysis, and word frequency statistics. The results show that the tone of the social responsibility report reduces the degree of information asymmetry, indicating that the tone of the social responsibility report has an incremental information effect. Further analysis shows that the tone of CSR reports significantly reduces information asymmetry in companies with optimistic forecasts and high media attention.

The discovery of antibiotics and pesticides has greatly contributed to the social and economic development of human society but, due to the long-term irrational application, it has led to drug-resistant microorganisms, environmental damage, and other hazards, so the selection of alternative natural, safe, and non-hazardous bioactive substances is an effective solution for this problem. D-limonene is a bioactive compound widely present in various plant essential oils, exhibiting excellent broad-spectrum bioactivity and promising prospects for development and clinical application. This review provides a detailed overview of the biological activities of D-limonene, emphasizing its antimicrobial, anthelmintic, insecticidal, and medicinal potential. While nanoencapsulation technology shows promise in improving the physicochemical properties of D-limonene and enhancing its practical applications, it is also crucial to comprehensively evaluate the potential side effects of D-limonene before use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To date, there has been limited research on the interactive effects of yeast and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on the sensory qualities of navel orange wine. In this study, using Jintang navel orange juice as the raw material, multi-microbial fermentation was conducted with Saccharomyces cerevisiae SC-125 and Angel yeast SY, as well as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum BC114. Single yeast and co-fermentation with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum were used as the control groups. The research aimed to investigate the physicochemical parameters of navel orange wine during fermentation. Additionally, headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HP-SPME-GC-MS) was employed to determine and analyze the types and levels of flavor compounds in the navel orange wines produced through the different fermentation methods. The co-fermentation using the three strains significantly enhanced both the quantity and variety of volatile compounds in the navel orange wine, concomitant with heightened total phenol and flavonoid levels. Furthermore, a notable improvement was observed in the free radical scavenging activity. A sensory evaluation was carried out to analyze the differences among the various navel orange wines, shedding light on the impact of different wine yeasts and co-fermentation with LAB on the quality of navel orange wines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. High stress is associated with coronary heart disease (CHD), but the impact of perceived stress on prognosis with stable CHD remains unclear. This study investigated the impact of high perceived stress (HPS) on cardiovascular events in stable CHD patients. Methods. From March 2015 and December 2020, 2215 stable CHD patients were recruited. The Chinese version of the Perceived Stress Scale-14 (CPSS) was used, with follow-up conducted every 6 months until the occurrence of a cardiovascular event or March 31, 2022. Cardiovascular-related events were used as outcomes, including myocardial infarction, unplanned revascularization, stroke, death, or rehospitalization from angina. Patients were divided into HPS (CPSS ≥ 31) and nonhigh perceived stress (NHPS) groups. The Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plotted, and the log-rank test compared the incidence of adverse events after adjusting for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and clinical information. Results. The recruited CHD population was 59.6 years old on average, 79.6% male, 27.2 points average CPSS, and median follow-up of 47 months. There were 523 HPS patients, with 98 (18.7%) cardiovascular events, and 1692 NHPS patients with 239 (14.1%) cardiovascular events. The log-rank analysis showed that risk of cardiovascular events with HPS was higher than NHPS (P = 0.012). After adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, and clinical information, the HPS group had significantly increased risk of events within 24 months (HR 1.369, 95% CI 1.037-1.807, P = 0.027), but less impact after 24 months. Conclusions. HPS predicts subsequent cardiovascular events in patients with stable CHD within 24 months. Therefore, more attention should be given to CHD patients with HPS, which may improve clinical prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Control of convection plays an important role in heat transfer regulation, bio/chemical sensing, phase separation, etc. Current convection controlling systems generally depend on engineered energy sources to drive and manipulate the convection, which brings additional energy consumption into the system. Here the use of human hand as a natural and sustainable infrared (IR) radiation source for the manipulation of liquid convection is demonstrated. The fluid can sense the change of the relative position or the shape of the hand with the formation of different convection patterns. Besides the generation of static complex patterns, dynamic manipulation of convections can also be realized via moving of hand or finger. The use of such sustainable convections to control the movement of a floating "boat" is further achieved. The use of human hands as the natural energy sources provides a promising approach for the manipulation of liquid convection without the need of extra external energy, which may be further utilized for low‐cost and intelligent bio/chemical sensing and separation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monosaccharide composition analysis is essential to the structural characterization and research into the biological activity of polysaccharides. In this study, a systematic comparison was performed among commonly used monosaccharide composition analysis methods, including colorimetric and chromatographic methods. These were tested on 16 aldoses, ketoses, alditols, amino sugars, and uronic acids. Furthermore, the effect of hydrolysis methods was also investigated. The results showed that the phenol sulfuric acid method is greatly affected by the type of monosaccharide that is used as the reference substance. The determination of uronic acid using sulfuric acid carbazole is less affected by neutral sugars than that method using m-hydroxybiphenyl. The high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method can simultaneously analyze multiple samples and accurately determine the type of uronic acid. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) can provide a good qualitative and quantitative analysis of aldose, amino sugars, and uronic acids, while gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) can detect aldose, ketose, and alditols. Fructose was detected in a large amount in inulin and Codonopsis pilosula after one-step hydrolysis, while it was totally destroyed in two-step hydrolysis. The release of galacturonic acid significantly increased after two-step hydrolysis in pectin and Lycium barbarum, which indicated that one-step hydrolysis is not enough for acidic polysaccharides. The results of this study are beneficial for selecting appropriate hydrolysis and analysis methods in order to accurately analyze the monosaccharide compositions of natural polysaccharides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research utilized Jintang navel oranges as the primary raw material, and employed two distinct yeast strains, Saccharomyces cerevisiae SC-125 and Angel yeast SY, for a dual fermentation approach. Employing single-strain fermentation as the control, this study aims to ascertain the physicochemical markers, alterations in organic acids and amino acids, alongside the antioxidant properties throughout the fermentation process, all within an optimized environment. The characterization of flavor compounds in the navel orange wines subjected to diverse yeast strains and mixed fermentation was conducted using headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HP-SPME/GC-MS). This method facilitated the identification of flavor compound types and concentrations. Moreover, electronic sensory systems including electronic noses and electronic eyes were harnessed to discern distinctions among various navel orange wines. Through these techniques, the research aimed to elucidate the variances induced by different yeast strains during both individual and mixed fermentation processes, shedding light on their impacts on the ultimate quality of navel orange wines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP) is a long-term corporate welfare policy that allows employees to share the profits and growth benefits of the enterprise by owning the ordinary share of the enterprise. It has always been a research hotspot at home and abroad. Sustainable growth refers to the healthy and sustained growth of enterprises. ESOP has been re-implemented in China since 2014. Using dual fixed effects model, this paper empirically analyzes 6940 observations of Chinese listed companies from 2014 to 2018. We study whether ESOP can improve the sustainable growth rate of enterprises by allowing employees to hold equity, linking their personal interests to the interests of enterprises, and thus playing an incentive and supervisory role to effectively reduce enterprise agency costs. In the research process, we find that the data can help us objectively analyze the economic management problems of enterprises. However, when using the data for analysis, the correlation coefficient and significance should be analyzed together.

With the refinement and miniaturization of integrated electronic devices, the requirements for stable operating temperature and antielectromagnetic interference are increasingly high. However, most of the current materials necessitate to develop the intelligent self‐adaptive regulation in response to external field stimuli to gratify the stipulations of different operating environments. Herein, cuttlefish‐inspired smart liquid metal based‐liquid crystal elastomer (LGN‐LCE) dual‐functional material enabling self‐adaptive electromagnetic wave interference shielding and thermal management is presented. Liquid crystal elastomer matrix endows the LGN‐LCE dynamic self‐morphing properties under thermal activation, which leads to the liquid metal network with tunable thermal/electrical conduction. The thermal conductivity of LGN‐LCE can be increased to 10.3 W m−1 K−1 with the rise of surrounding temperature, while the electrical conductivity of LGN‐LCE can be enhanced to 4.3 × 105 S m−1. Such promoted electrical conductivity helps strengthen electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance of LGN‐LCE, and the minimum EMI shielding effectiveness of LGN‐LCE can be improved from 48 to 62 dB within the X‐band. This work may not only pave a new way to rationally design a self‐adaptive EMI shielding and thermal management systems, but also show good prospects for practical applications, including thermal management materials, EMI materials, flexible electronic materials, smart materials, artificial intelligence systems, biomedical, and aerospace applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a sample of Chinese enterprises pledge during the period 2008-2017, this paper investigates the cost management behavior of enterprises during the pledge period of major shareholders’ stock rights. Our findings show that with the increase of the equity pledge rate, the cost stickiness of enterprises is enhanced. Further analysis shows that the behavior that the controlling shareholder invests the equity pledge funds to a third party weakens the cost stickiness of the enterprise. We further contribute to the literature on sticky cost and equity pledge by discussing the strategic choices of major shareholders to avoid risks during the equity pledge period.

Edible and medicinal plants (EMPs) are widely used but are easily infected by harmful fungi which produce mycotoxins. Herein, 127 samples from 11 provinces were collected to investigate 15 mycotoxins based on geographic, demographic, processing, and risk characteristics. A total of 13 mycotoxins were detected, and aflatoxin B1 (0.56~97.00 μg/kg), deoxynivalenol (9.41~1570.35 μg/kg), fumonisin B1 (8.25~1875.77 μg/kg), fumonisin B2 (2.74~543.01 μg/kg), ochratoxin A (0.62~19.30 μg/kg), and zearalenone (1.64~2376.58 μg/kg) occurred more frequently. Mycotoxin levels and species were significantly different by region, types of EMPs, and method of processing. The margin of exposure (MOE) values was well below the safe MOE (10,000). AFB1 exposure from Coix seed and malt consumption in China was of high health concern. The hazard Index (HI) method showed the range of 113.15~130.73% for malt, indicating a public health concern. In conclusion, EMPs should be concerned because of the cumulative effects of co-occurred mycotoxins, and safety management strategies should be developed in follow-up studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Symmetric conjugated molecules can be broken through suitable synthetic strategies to construct novel asymmetric molecules, which can largely broaden the material library. In the field of organic solar cells, fused‐ring electron acceptors (FREAs) with the A‐DA'D‐A type backbone structure have attracted much attention and enabled power conversion efficiencies (PCE) exceeding 18%. Among them, Y6 is one of the most classic FREAs that can derive many symmetric and asymmetric molecules and exhibit unique optoelectronic properties. Thus, in this review, the focus is on the recent progress of Y6‐derived asymmetric FREAs containing a dipyrrolobenzothiadiazole segment, which can be classified as the following three categories: asymmetric end group, asymmetric central core and asymmetric side chain. The relationship of the molecular structure, optoelectronic properties, and device performance is discussed in detail. Finally, the future design directions and challenges faced by this kind of photovoltaic materials are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. The purpose of this research was to use a new method the human and bar combination barycenter to exposit the differences between successful and failed characteristics of snatch attempts in competition. Try to establish an effective biomechanical method that can uncover the main factors for the failed snatch. The obtained results will provide valuable information for weightlifters to improve the success rate in snatch by altering their technical issues accordingly. Methods. A 3-D video analysis method was used to compare the characteristics of the heaviest successful and failed attempts of ten elite weightlifters in the men's 73 kg category. The video was captured under competitive conditions at the 2019 World Weightlifting Championships, the 2019 Asian Weightlifting Championships, and the 2020 China Olympic Trial. The video data were digitized using the SIMI°Motion7.50 3-D system (Germany). Results. Significant difference (P > 0.05) was not found between the successful and failed attempts in the parameters, such as the maximal vertical rising velocity, the maximal vertical height, and the vertical displacement of the barbell. The maximal descending acceleration of the human body, the time duration, the angles of the hip, and knee joints were no significant difference. However, significant differences were found in the variation of the human and bar combination barycenter on the X -axis in the inertial ascent stage and the squat support stage (t = 2.862 , P < 0.05 ; t = 3.376 , P < 0.05). Conclusions. A probable cause of the failed snatch is that the displacement of human and bar combination barycenter on the X -axis is not enough to reach the position for supporting barbell during the inertial ascent stage and the squat support stage. The reason is that the strength of reclining of torso at the end of the force phase is insufficient. Insufficient knee flexion in the knee flexion phase (M 2), which leads to a lower maximum vertical velocity of barbell, may be an indirect factor leading to the failed snatch. The cumulative variation of human and bar combination barycenter on the X -axis can effectively determine the technical characteristics between the success and failure in snatch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]