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Simple Summary: Muscle strength increases with age, and the period in which the increase in muscle mass is highest is the growth and development period in adolescents. In this context, the improvement of muscle power and muscle strength in adolescents can be achieved with the development of simple motor skills. Research on the relationship between biological maturation, muscle strength, and muscle power was limited in adolescents, and this research will make an important contribution to the literature. In this research, the relationship between biological maturation and muscle strength and power was investigated. In conclusion, biological maturation was found to be significantly associated with muscle strength and power in adolescents. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between adolescents' biological maturation level and their muscle power, as well as their overall muscle strength. Overall, 691 adolescents (414 boys and 277 girls) aged 12.01–11.96 (measured for body mass, body height as well as vertical jump, muscle power, and muscle strength). There was a statistically significant difference in terms of average right and left grip strength, vertical jump, and power in the late maturation group. For the body height and vertical jump averages in male adolescents, it was observed that the body height and vertical jump averages in the late group were significantly lower than in the early and on-time maturation groups. For female adolescents' chronological age, sitting height, body mass, BMI, left and right grip strength, and power averages were found to be significantly higher compared with the on-time group (p < 0.05). It was established that biological maturation has a substantial link with vertical jump height and power, as well as grip strength on the right and left hands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between adolescents’ biological maturation level and their muscle power, as well as their overall muscle strength. Overall, 691 adolescents (414 boys and 277 girls) aged 12.01–11.96 (measured for body mass, body height as well as vertical jump, muscle power, and muscle strength). There was a statistically significant difference in terms of average right and left grip strength, vertical jump, and power in the late maturation group. For the body height and vertical jump averages in male adolescents, it was observed that the body height and vertical jump averages in the late group were significantly lower than in the early and on-time maturation groups. For female adolescents’ chronological age, sitting height, body mass, BMI, left and right grip strength, and power averages were found to be significantly higher compared with the on-time group (p < 0.05). It was established that biological maturation has a substantial link with vertical jump height and power, as well as grip strength on the right and left hands.

The article includes the results of the biogroup structure analysis as well as research results of the influence of horizontal arrangement of trees on the peculiarities of the commodity composition of pine forest stand by the types of forest site conditions: fresh (B2 ) and wet (B3 ) subors, as well as a wet sudubrav (C3 ) – and, correspondingly, by the types of forest: fresh (B2 ) and wet (B3 ) oak and pine subors, as well as a wet oak and pine sudubrav (D2 ). It is established that the biogroup type of horizontal arrangement prevails. There have been found out differences in forming pure pine and mixed biogroups in the studied forests tands, as well as differences in the commodity structure of forest stands as a whole and corresponding biogroups. Biogroups get consolidated as they become older, and their amount increases without any participation of Scotch pine trees; moreover, the number of isolated trees is diminishing; middle-aged forest stands are characterized by pure biogroups of Scotch pine trees; as biogroups become consolidated, pine trees come into closer contact with other arboreal species, which results in the formation of mixed biogroups. Реферат. Представлены результаты анализа структуры биогрупп, а также исследования влияния горизонтального расположения деревьев на особенности товарной структуры сосновых древостоев в типах лесорастительных условий: свежем (В2 ) и влажном (В3 ) суборах, а также влажном сугруде (С3 ) – и, соответственно, в типах леса: свежем (д-С В2 ) и влажном (д-С В3 ) дубово-сосновых суборах, а также влажном дубово-сосновом сугруде (д-С D2 ). Установлено, что преобладает биогрупповой тип горизонтального строения. Выявлены отличия в формировании чистых сосновых и смешанных биогрупп в исследуемых древостоях, а также отличия в товарной структуре как древостоев в целом, так и соответствующих биогрупп. С увеличением возраста происходит укрупнение биогрупп, а их количество без участия сосны обыкновенной увеличивается; кроме того, уменьшается количество отдельно стоящих деревьев; для средневозрастных древостоев характерны чистые биогруппы из сосны обыкновенной; при укрупнении биогрупп сосна вступает в более тесную связь с другими древесными породами, что приводит к образованию смешанных биогрупп.

In a 184-year-old stand of Scots pine Рinus sylvestris L. of the 1st class of bonitet on two plots on an area of 2.2 ha with a stand height of 32.1 and 33.5 m, average diameters of 39.8 and 42.1 cm, and a fullness of 0.91 and 0.95, candidates for plus trees (hereinafter referred to as candidates) with an excess of 30 % in diameter were studied. All live (735 pieces), and fall away trees for 14 years were plotted on the plan with an accuracy of ± 10–35 cm. To determine the age, we took cores from 40 trees with diameters of 30–61 cm. On one of the two sites, the feeding area of 326 trees aged ≈ 170 years and the maximum feed area was 79.9, the minimum was 5.1, the average value was (25.8 ± 0.58) m2. The average area of their nutrition was 19.7 % larger in the sample of 18 candidates, than in the sample of ordinary trees, but the difference is not significant. Polygons represented the area that the tree inherited at the age of 170 years and it was used as a factor determining the size of the tree in 184 years. It was found that it affected the diameter of trees with a force of 7.7 % and to the height of the trunk with a strength of 0.0–2.4 %. The age of the trees ranged from 173 to 195 years, candidates were both from 174 years to 193 years. Probably, either they had rapid growth due to genetics, or there are exceptionally favorable places in the biotope, where the pine settled later and not only caught up with its neighbors, but also reached an outstanding size. Perhaps such places may be due to the influence of lithology. It was concluded that for selection purposes, trees of maximum age with the largest feeding area should be rejected from candidates.