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Focuses on the University of Cambridge's plans to purchase scientific writings of Sir Isaac Newton from the Earl of Macclesfield at an auction in England. Intention of the university to unite the papers with their existing collection of Newton's works; Contribution from the United Kingdom Heritage Lottery Fund toward the purchase.

Highlights the recipients of the Fulker Award for the year 2000 presented at the Behavior Genetics Association Meeting in Cambridge, England. Lon R. Cardon; Goncalo R. Abecasis; Annual Prize.

Information about several papers discussed in the 9th and 10th of the Pugwash Conferences in Science and World Affairs which were held in Cambridge on August 25-30, and in London, England on September 3-7, 1962. The conference gathered 60 scientists from 18 countries. The papers presented by Western scientists and the statements emanating from the conferences have shown no evidence of partisan inspiration.

In growing recognition of the affordability problems in high-cost locations in England, particularly for those working in the public sector, the Government has advised local planning authorities to assess locally the housing needs of key workers and make provision for them. However, little guidance exists with regard to defining key workers and key-worker housing or how to undertake a local assessment of housing needs for this particular section of the community. The purpose of this paper is to help inform this debate through the use of a case study that focused on the nature and extent of the key-worker problem in Cambridge. Drawing together evidence from published statistics on the affordability problems that exist in the city as well as extensive surveys with employers and employees in the area, the paper suggests that there is a case to include policies for key-worker housing in the Cambridge Local Plan. It also suggests adopting a broad definition of key workers to allow planners the freedom to tackle the problems locally. Finally, it suggests that to meet key-worker aspirations, key-worker housing should be defined broadly to include not just subsidised rented housing, but also shared ownership, discounted market ownership and fixed equity tenure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents some comments on the paper The Production Function and the Theory of Capital by economist Joan Robinson published in 1953. His paper was written near the start of the postwar revival of interest in the problems of economic growth and the pattern of income distribution over time. The first puzzle is to find a unit in which capital may be measured as a number, that is, an index, which is independent of relative prices and distribution, so that it may be inserted in a production function where along with labour, also suitably measured, it may explain the level of national output. Furthermore, in a perfectly competitive economy in which there is perfect foresight, this unit must be such that the partial derivative of output with respect to capital equals the reward to capital and the corresponding partial derivative of out- put with respect to labour equals the wage of labour. Moreover, there is a need to analyse a system of production in which capital-produced means of production is an aid to labour and analyse distribution in a capitalist economy in which the institutions are such that property in value capital means that its owners share in the distribution of the national income by receiving profits on their invested capital, where the amount of these profits is related to the technical characteristics of the system of production.

The text currently known as the Aramaic Levi Document was first discovered in the Cambridge Genizah collection at the very end of the nineteenth century. The Cambridge fragment was soon joined by another fragment from the same tenth-century manuscript in the Oxford Genizah collection at the Bodleian Library, and these fragments were later supplemented by fragments of the same composition found among the Dead Sea Scrolls. The present paper publishes a third fragment of the same Genizah manuscript, this time from the Manchester Genizah collection (fragment no. P 1185, measuring 12.8 x 11.4 cm). The new fragment covers parts of the story of the destruction of Shechem by Jacob's sons after the rape of Dinah, and sheds new light on Aramaic Levi's version of these events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses, first, the kind of Newtonian methodology Malthus had been exposed to at Cambridge; secondly, the views on algebra and the doctrine of proportions he inherited from MacLaurin and the contribution of his colleague Bewick Bewin in devising a special role for this doctrine in the moral sciences; thirdly, Malthus's ideas on language and the reasons for rejection of an artificial language for political economy. Then it discusses his idea of political economy as a moral science and his claims to be Adam Smith's true heir. The conclusion is that Hollander is right when he contends that Malthus's and Ricardo's methods, as contrasted with their methodologies, were just two opposite poles within one spectrum, but also that the Cantabrigian and Scottish tradition provided staple for a design of a moral and political science alternative to the Unitarian and the Benthamite programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Masonry structures may be modelled as an assembly of linearly elastic bodies (individual bricks or stone-blocks) in unilateral frictional contact. Such models generally constitute a formidable computational challenge owing to the need to resolve interactions between individual bodies, such as detection of crack and openings and the resolution of non-linear equations governing the contact. Even for medium size structures, the large number of blocks from which they are assembled renders a full direct simulation of such structures practically impossible. In this paper, an adaptive multi-scale technique for the modelling of large-scale dynamic structures is implemented and applied to the computer simulation of Clare College Bridge, in Cambridge, UK. The adaptive multi-scale approach enables us to carry out simulations at a complexity normally associated with the cost of modelling the entire structure by a simple continuum model whilst incorporating small scale effects, such as openings of gaps and slippage between individual masonry units, using a systematic and locally optimal criterion. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Professor W. B. Reddaway (known to friends and colleagues as Brian Reddaway) was an exceptional economist who had a huge influence on how economics in Cambridge has been taught and researched. He held leadership positions in the Faculty of Economics and Politics at Cambridge for 25 years, between 1955 and 1980. The main purpose of this paper is to explain Reddaway's method and his distinct approach to economics. It also briefly reviews his life and times. The words in the title summarise his philosophy of research, as will become clear in the paragraphs which follow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the treatment of ontology offered by critical realism. It addresses much of the material elaborated upon in two editions of this journal. Three main groups of criticisms are made here of the critical realist treatment of open systems. It is argued that critical realism, particularly in the project in economics emanating from Cambridge, UK, tends to define systems in terms of events. This definition is shown to be problematic. The exemplar of a closed system provided by critical realism of the solar system is shown to be flawed in that it is not closed according to the closure conditions identified by critical realism. Second, the negativity of the definitions adopted is problematic for heterodox traditions attempting to build positive programmes. Furthermore, the dualism of the definitions is also inconsistent with Dow's approach, which has ramifications for the coherence of post Keynesianism. Third, the definitions tend to polarize open and closed systems and ignore the degrees of openness evident in reality. The polarization of systems leads to polarized methodology and unsustainable arguments to reject so-called “closed-systems methods.” [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple-day food records or 24-hour recalls are currently used as “reference” instruments to calibrate food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) and to adjust findings from nutritional epidemiologic studies for measurement error. The common adjustment is based on the critical requirements that errors in the reference instrument be independent of those in the FFQ and of true intake. When data on urinary nitrogen level, a valid reference biomarker for nitrogen intake, are used, evidence suggests that a dietary report reference instrument does not meet these requirements. In this paper, the authors introduce a new model that includes, for both the FFQ and the dietary report reference instrument, group-specific biases related to true intake and correlated person-specific biases. Data were obtained from a dietary assessment validation study carried out among 160 women at the Dunn Clinical Nutrition Center, Cambridge, United Kingdom, in 1988–1990. Using the biomarker measurements and dietary report measurements from this study, the authors compare the new model with alternative measurement error models proposed in the literature and demonstrate that it provides the best fit to the data. The new model suggests that, for these data, measurement error in the FFQ could lead to a 51% greater attenuation of true nutrient effect and the need for a 2.3 times larger study than would be estimated by the standard approach. The implications of the results for the ability of FFQ-based epidemiologic studies to detect important diet-disease associations are discussed. Am J Epidemiol 2001;153:394–403. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Focuses on the papers from the Third Workshop on Models and Algorithms for Planning and Scheduling Problems that was held at Queens' College in Cambridge, England. Emphasis of the workshop on the new and interesting developments in the areas of planning and scheduling; Details on the event's non-academic program; Issues discussed in the event.

The article discusses the highlights of the winter and annual general meeting of the British Ecological Society in the Botany School in Cambridge, England from January 4-5, 1961. In the first paper, titled "Aquatic and Swamp Vegetation in Scotland," D. H. N. Spence discussed the results of a study of lochs. In his presentation, titled "Dormancy in the Freshwater Copepoda," J. P. Smyly explored the function of resting-stages as an ecological adaptation to allow species to survive.

The article offers information about the British Ecological Society' spring meeting held in Cambridge, England from March 27-29, 1957. The section reports on various papers presented at the event, including information on several sessions held during the meeting. Nearly fifty members and guests gathered for the meeting.

Information on several papers discussed at the 27th annual meeting of the British Ecological Society that was held in 1941 at the Botany School in Cambridge, England, is presented. Topics include the secretaries' report for the year 1940, the recent expansion in the research staffs of the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, and the recent observations of the soils of lowland topical regions. The symposium featured notable persons including P. W. Richards, G. E. Blackman and M. F. Mare.

Information about several papers discussed at a symposium "War and Peace in the Qajar Era" at Corpus Christi College in Cambridge, England in 2005 is presented. The International Qajar Studies Association (IQSA) conducted the symposium focusing on the themes of photography. There are 17 papers that discuss during the conference with keynote speeches of Dr. Rudi Matthee and Dr. Homa Katouzian.

The article highlights a conference titled "The Islamic Manuscript: A Conference on Conservation, Cataloguing, Accessibility, Copyright and Digitization," held on July 4 to 6, 2005, at King's College in Cambridge, England. The purpose of the conference was to asses the current threat to the preservation and the recording of the numerous and priceless manuscripts which are under threat worldwide. At the conference, Imtiaz Ahmad presented two papers on the current situation.

The article discusses the highlights of the Islamic Manuscript II: A Conference to Establish the Islamic Manuscript Association" at Emmanuel College in Cambridge University in England from August 7 to 9, 2006. The topics discussed include manuscript preservation and the semantic web, proposals for a conservation training curriculum, and collaborative systems for paper expertise and history. The speakers featured include Sara Sharaf and Ayman Fuad Sayyid of the Thesaurus Islamicus Foundation.

Based on Cambridge University Press's experiences, this paper provides an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of using XML to index books prior to typesetting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information on several papers discusses at the annual meeting of the British Ecological Society held at Claire College in Cambridge, England on January 7, 1940. Portraits of many plants of particular interest, including oxslip, primrose and cowslip, series of colored lantern-slides and photographs taken on Agfa color film with a Leica camera was presented.

This article reports on the receipt of University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England Professor of Applied Economics David Newbery of the Outstanding Contributions to the Profession of Energy Economics Award in 2002 from the International Association for Energy Economics (IAEE). The Award was presented to Newbery at the IAEE Prague Conference in 2003. University of Cambridge has been the locus of his academic career, but he has spent time at other academic institutions, with organizations such as the World Bank, and has served on several commissions. His publication and research record is indeed prodigious, much of it relating to taxation, regulation, transportation, commodity pricing, cost-benefit analysis, resources, and especially of late, electricity. Here he has been spearheading research on electricity markets, dealing with the thorny problems of market liberalization, regulation, restructuring and privatization. His contributed paper on energy tax policy is indicative of his long term interest in this topic, an interest that dates back at least to the mid-1980s.