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Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the patients who received simultaneous subretinal tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and bevacizumab for submacular hemorrhages secondary to neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Methods: This retrospective study included patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with simultaneous subretinal tPA and subretinal bevacizumab with 18% SF6 tamponade. Anatomical and functional results of the patients before surgery and at the 1st, 6th, and 12th months after surgery, additional treatments, and complications after PPV were evaluated. Results: Eight eyes of eight patients were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 72.38±92.3. The mean time from the onset of symptoms to treatment was 5.13±1.88 days. The patients' mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 2.23±0.14 logMAR at baseline. Mean BCVA increased significantly at 1st, 6th, and 12th months to 1.68±0.47 logMAR, 1.58±0.49 logMAR, and 1.51±0.58 logMAR, respectively (p=0.001 at all). The mean central foveal thickness (CFT) in measurable patients was 836.8±627.02 µm at baseline. Mean CFT decreased significantly to 370.13±66.13 µm in the 1st month, 373.38±78.33 µm in the 6th month, and 367.75±116.43 µm in the 12th month (p<0.05). The maximum measurable subretinal hemorrhage height at baseline was 814.2±556.45 µm. The mean number of anti-VEGFs performed for 12 months after surgery was 4.13±2.1. At month 12, the ellipsoid zone could not be detected in 6 (75%) patients. Conclusion: Administration of subretinal bevacizumab and subretinal tPA effectively removes subretinal hemorrhage under the fovea. Intravitreal anti-VEGF treatment must be continued, as choroidal neovascular membrane activity continues after surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To evaluate and compare the effects of hybrid contact lenses (HCLs) and mini-scleral contact lenses (MSCLs) on visual acuity, spherical equivalent, topographic astigmatism, and higher-order aberrations (HOAs) in eyes with advanced keratoconus. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 43 eyes of 27 patients diagnosed with advanced keratoconus fit hybrid contact lenses (AirFlex®) and mini-scleral contact lenses (Mini-misa®). Pre-fitting examinations included best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), spherical equivalent, topographic findings (topographic astigmatism, maximum keratometry, mean keratometry, central corneal thickness, thinnest corneal thickness, and corneal HOAs. Post-fitting examinations included lens corrected visual acuity, spherical equivalent, topographic astigmatism, corneal HOAs, and contact lens-related discomfort symptoms. Results: Mean BCVA (log MAR) improved significantly from 0.65±0.27 to 0.14±0.09 with HCL and 0.58±0.25 to 0.15±0.13 with MSCL (p<0.05). The mean spherical equivalent and topographic astigmatism measurements decreased significantly in both groups (p<0.05). Eight patients in the HCL group experienced lens-related discomfort. Root-mean square HOA decreased significantly in both groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: Significant improvements in visual acuity, spherical equivalent, topographic astigmatism, and HOAs were observed with both lenses. However, higher patient comfort with scleral lenses may lead to higher compliance in patients with advanced keratoconus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome (ARS) is a genetic disease affecting multiple organ systems. In the eye, it is associated with anterior segment dysgenesis with a high risk for glaucoma. Dental anomalies, cardiovascular malformations, hypospadias, and craniofacial abnormalities are other associated systemic conditions. Five years old monozygotic twin brothers with ARS were referred to Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, ophthalmology clinic for iris abnormalities. At presentation, pathognomonic components of ARS were found in both patients, including iris anomaly (corectopia, iris hypoplasia, and iris strands in Scwalbe’s ring), oligodontia, hypodontia, hypospadias, and periumbilical skin fold. Intraocular pressure was within normal ranges in both of the patients. Patients were followed up in the glaucoma unit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To evaluate and compare the effects of hybrid contact lenses (HCLs) and mini-scleral contact lenses (MSCLs) on visual acuity, spherical equivalent, topographic astigmatism, and higher-order aberrations (HOAs) in eyes with advanced keratoconus., Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 43 eyes of 27 patients diagnosed with advanced keratoconus fit hybrid contact lenses (AirFlex®) and mini-scleral contact lenses (Mini-misa®). Pre-fitting examinations included best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), spherical equivalent, topographic findings (topographic astigmatism, maximum keratometry, mean keratometry, central corneal thickness, thinnest corneal thickness, and corneal HOAs. Post-fitting examinations included lens corrected visual acuity, spherical equivalent, topographic astigmatism, corneal HOAs, and contact lens-related discomfort symptoms., Results: Mean BCVA (log MAR) improved significantly from 0.65±0.27 to 0.14±0.09 with HCL and 0.58±0.25 to 0.15±0.13 with MSCL (p<0.05). The mean spherical equivalent and topographic astigmatism measurements decreased significantly in both groups (p<0.05). Eight patients in the HCL group experienced lens-related discomfort. Root-mean square HOA decreased significantly in both groups (p<0.05)., Conclusion: Significant improvements in visual acuity, spherical equivalent, topographic astigmatism, and HOAs were observed with both lenses. However, higher patient comfort with scleral lenses may lead to higher compliance in patients with advanced keratoconus., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: None declared., (Copyright: © 2022 by Beyoglu Eye Training and Research Hospital.)

Purpose: To compare the outcomes of treatment with intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) versus observation in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR)., Methods: In a retrospective comparative study, records of 45 patients with CSCR were reviewed. Twenty-two patients received IVB (1.25 mg/0.05 ml) while 23 subjects were observed. All subjects underwent measurement of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and intraocular pressure (IOP), dilated fundus examination and optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging at baseline and follow up visits. Outcome measures included central macular thickness (CMT) and BCVA in logarithm of minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) notations., Results: Mean age was 44.1 ± 9.3 (range: 24 to 64) years and mean follow-up period was 10.4 ± 11.2 (range: 3 to 43; median: 6) months. All patients demonstrated resolution of neurosensory detachment and improvement in visual acuity. At final visit, there was no significant difference in mean CMT between the IVB and observation groups (275 vs 284 μm, P> 0.05). Mean baseline logMAR visual acuity was 0.38 ± 0.24 in the IVB group which improved to 0.24 ± 0.31 at final follow-up (P = 0.011); mean baseline logMAR visual acuity was 0.42 ± 0.28 in the observation group and improved to 0.12 ± 0.18 (P = 0.001). Visual improvement was more marked in the observation group (0.30 vs 0.14 logMAR, P< 0.05) and mean final visual acuity was also significantly better (P = 0.05)., Conclusion: There was no significant difference between IVB injection and observation in terms of anatomical outcomes of treatment for CSCR. In terms of visual outcomes, observation was superior to IVB injection.

Aim: To describe the clinical characteristics of Turkish patients with intermediate uveitis (IU) and to investigate the effect of clinical findings and complications on final visual acuity (VA)., Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of patients with IU who had at least 6mo of follow-up and were older than 16y., Results: A total of 78 eyes of 45 patients were included in the study and the mean follow-up period was 19.4mo. The mean age at the time of presentation was 42.9s. Systemic disease associations were found in 17.7% of cases; sarcoidosis (8.8%) and multiple sclerosis (6.6%) were the most common diseases. Recurrence rate (odds ratio=45.53; 95%CI: 2.181-950.58), vitritis equals to or more than 3+ cells (odds ratio=57.456; 95%CI: 4.154-794.79) and presenting with VA less than 20/40 (odds ratio=43.81; 95%CI: 2.184-878.71) were also found as high risk factors for poor final VA. At the last follow-up examination, 67.9% of eyes had VA of 20/40 or better., Conclusion: IU is frequently seen at the beginning of the fourth decade of life. The disease is most commonly idiopathic in adult Turkish patients. Patients with severe vitritis at presentation and patients with frequent recurrences are at high risk for poor visual outcome.