45,304 results
Search Results
52. Open and Responsible Data Governance for Digital Sequence Information: Policy Paper in View of the Ongoing Process under the Convention for Biological Diversity to Establish a Benefit-Sharing Mechanism for Digital Sequence Information
- Author
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Klünker, Irma and Weizenbaum Institute for the Networked Society - The German Internet Institute
- Subjects
Technology (Applied sciences) ,Science ,Naturwissenschaften ,geistiges Eigentum ,data access ,Biodiversität ,Technology Assessment ,genetics ,Datenspeicherung ,Technikfolgenabschätzung ,Genetik ,Natural Science and Engineering, Applied Sciences ,biodiversity ,Technik, Technologie ,data storage ,Datenzugang ,copyright ,data exchange ,intellectual property ,Naturwissenschaften, Technik(wissenschaften), angewandte Wissenschaften ,Benefit-Sharing ,Digital Sequence Information ,Urheberrecht ,Biotechnik ,Datenaustausch ,ddc:500 ,ddc:600 ,biotechnology - Abstract
Open and Responsible Data Governance is a promising concept to help operationalize the FAIR and CARE principles for DSI-specific data governance. While the CARE principles ensure indigenous data sovereignty is respected, the FAIR principles ensure that monetary benefits from the use of DSI are generated and form a part of resource mobilization for the conservation of biodiversity.
- Published
- 2023
53. Meta-analysis contrasting freshwater biodiversity in forests and oil palm plantations with and without riparian buffers.
- Author
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Rojas-Castillo OA, Kepfer Rojas S, Juen L, Montag LFA, Carvalho FG, Mendes TP, Chua KWJ, Wilkinson CL, Amal MNA, Fahmi-Ahmad M, and Jacobsen D
- Subjects
- Animals, Forests, Agriculture, Fresh Water, Conservation of Natural Resources methods, Biodiversity
- Abstract
The expansion of oil palm plantations has led to land-use change and deforestation in the tropics, which has affected biodiversity. Although the impacts of the crop on terrestrial biodiversity have been extensively reviewed, its effects on freshwater biodiversity remain relatively unexplored. We reviewed the research assessing the impacts of forest-to-oil palm conversion on freshwater biota and the mitigating effect of riparian buffers on these impacts. We searched for studies comparing taxa richness, species abundance, and community composition of macroinvertebrates, amphibians, and fish in streams in forests (primary and disturbed) and oil palm plantations with and without riparian buffers. Then, we conducted a meta-analysis to quantify the overall effect of the land-use change on the 3 taxonomic groups. Twenty-nine studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. On average, plantations lacking buffers hosted 44% and 19% fewer stream taxa than primary and disturbed forests, respectively. Stream taxa on plantations with buffers were 24% lower than in primary forest and did not differ significantly from disturbed forest. In contrast, stream community composition differed between forests and plantations regardless of the presence of riparian buffers. These differences were attributed to agrochemical use and altered environmental conditions in the plantations, including temperature changes, worsened water conditions, microhabitat loss, and food and shelter depletion. On aggregate, abundance did not differ significantly among land uses because increases in generalist species offset the population decline of vulnerable forest specialists in the plantation. Our results reveal significant impacts of forest-to-oil palm conversion on freshwater biota, particularly taxa richness and composition (but not aggregate abundance). Although preserving riparian buffers in the plantations can mitigate the loss of various aquatic species, it cannot conserve primary forest communities. Therefore, safeguarding primary forests from the oil palm expansion is crucial, and further research is needed to address riparian buffers as a promising mitigation strategy in agricultural areas., (© 2023 The Authors. Conservation Biology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society for Conservation Biology.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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54. Marine latitudinal diversity gradients are generally absent in intertidal ecosystems.
- Author
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Thyrring J and Harley CDG
- Subjects
- Oceans and Seas, Ecosystem, Biodiversity
- Abstract
Current latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) meta-analyses have failed to distinguish one of the most widespread marine habitats, the intertidal zone, as a separate system despite it having unique abiotic challenges and spatially compressed stress gradients that affect the distribution and abundance of resident species. We address this issue by revisiting published literature and datasets on LDGs since 1911 to explore LDG patterns and their strengths in intertidal benthic, subtidal benthic, and pelagic realms and discuss the importance of recognizing intertidal ecosystems as distinct. Rocky shorelines were the most studied intertidal ecosystem encompassing 64.2% of intertidal LDG studies, and 62.9% of studies focused on assemblage composition, while the remaining 37.1% of studies were taxa specific. While our analyses confirmed LDGs in subtidal benthic and pelagic realms, with a decrease in richness toward the poles, we found no consistent intertidal LDGs in any ocean or coastline across hemispheres or biodiversity unit. Analyzing intertidal and subtidal zones as separate systems increased the strength of subtidal benthic LDGs relative to analyses combining these systems. We demonstrate that in intertidal ecosystems across oceans in both hemispheres, a latitudinal decrease in species richness is not readily apparent, which stands in contrast with significant LDG patterns found in the subtidal realm. Intertidal habitat heterogeneity, regional environmental variability and biological interactions can create species-rich hot spots independent of latitude, which may functionally outweigh a typical latitudinal decline in species richness. Although previous work has shown weaker LDGs in benthic than pelagic systems, we demonstrate that this is caused by combining subtidal and intertidal benthic ecosystems into a single benthic category. Thus, we propose that subtidal and intertidal ecosystems cannot be combined into one entity as the physical and biological parameters controlling ecosystem processes are vastly different, even among intertidal ecosystems. Thus, the intertidal zone offers a unique model system in which hypotheses can be further tested to better understand the complex processes underlying LDGs., (© 2023 The Authors. Ecology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Ecological Society of America.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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55. Vegetation assessments under the influence of environmental variables from the Yakhtangay Hill of the Hindu-Himalayan range, North Western Pakistan.
- Author
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Ullah H, Khan SM, Jaremko M, Jahangir S, Ullah Z, Ali I, Ahmad Z, and Badshah H
- Subjects
- Pakistan, Plants, Soil chemistry, Ecosystem, Biodiversity
- Abstract
Vegetation structures and dynamics are the result of interactions between abiotic and biotic factors in an ecosystem. The present study was designed to investigate vegetation structure and species diversity along various environmental variables in the Yakhtangay Hills of the Hindu-Himalayan Mountain Pakistan, by using multivariate statistical analysis. Quadrat quantitative method was used for the sampling of vegetation. PC-ORD version 5 software was used to classify the vegetation into different plants communities using cluster analysis. The results of regression analysis among various edaphic variables shows that soil organic matter, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, CaCO
3 and moisture contents shows a significant positive correlation with species abundance, while the soil pH has inverse relationship with plant species abundance. Similarly, species richness increases with increase in soil organic matter, CaCO3 and moisture contents, while decrease with increase in soil pH, total dissolved solids and electrical conductivity (p < 0.05). The vegetation was classified into four major plant communities and their respective indicators were identified using indicator species analysis. Indicator species analysis reflects the indicators of the study area are mostly the indicators to the Himalayan or moist temperate ecosystem. These indicators could be considered for micro-habitat conservation and respective ecosystem management plans not only in the study area but also in other region with similar sort of environmental conditions., (© 2022. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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56. The valorization of GMOs and the de-valorization of farmers’ contributions to biodiversity—Synthesis paper
- Author
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Wesley Tourangeau and Chelsea Smith
- Subjects
gmos ,biodiversity ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 ,Social Sciences - Abstract
Genetically modified organisms (GMOs)are deeply contested with respect to their implications for food security and environmental sustainability. The three papers in this section effectively capture the present-day focal points of the debates over the undeniably vast topic area of genetic resources and agricultural biotechnology and their implications for food security and the environment. Noah Zerbe outlines the value of (and contestation over) plant genetic materials and rights to their use. Matthew Schnurr explores the current push into a second wave of genetically modified (GM) crops, particularly focused on developing countries. And Taarini Chopra looks back at 20 years of experience with commercialized GM crops, focusing on GM technology’s consistent failure to address issues of food security.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
57. On the publication date of the paper 'Tropische Cenocoelioniden und Braconiden aus der Sammlung des Ungarischen National- Museums. II.' by Gy. Szépligeti (Insecta, Hymenoptera)
- Author
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Madl, Michael
- Subjects
Biodiversity ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Madl, Michael (2022): On the publication date of the paper "Tropische Cenocoelioniden und Braconiden aus der Sammlung des Ungarischen National- Museums. II." by Gy. Szépligeti (Insecta, Hymenoptera). Linzer biologische Beiträge 54 (1): 243-246, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7507400
- Published
- 2022
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58. Critical phenomena in Rock-Paper-Scissors model
- Author
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Silva, Ricardo Rodrigues Justino da and Santos, Francisco Ednilson Alves dos
- Subjects
Formação de padrões ,Rock-Paper-Scissors Model ,Population dynamics ,Modelo Rock-Paper-Scissors ,Critical exponents ,Biodiversidade ,FISICA [CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA] ,Pattern formation ,Expoentes críticos ,Biodiversity ,Fenômenos críticos ,Dinâmica de populações ,Critical phenomena - Abstract
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) This present work was developed with the purpose of analyzing critical phenomena in the Rock-Paper-Scissors model, consisting of three species and the empty site, initially distributed randomly in a square lattice, in which an active cell can interact with only one of its four neighbors (passive cells). The possible interactions are classified as motion (active and passive switch their positions), reproduction (active reproduces filling an empty site), or predation (active predates the passive generating an empty site). In summary, it is a cyclic interaction model with no privileged direction, however it shows signatures of a continuous phase transition from the diversity (symmetric phase) to uniformity (non symmetric phase). This way, we were motivated to study this type of system and analyze how the variation of one of its control parameters, the reproduction parameter µ, influences the system when µ → µc, where µc is the critical reproduction, and by performing numerical experiments identify to which universality class of the Rock-Paper-Scissors model with three species and the empty site belongs. O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o propósito de analisar fenômenos críticos no modelo Rock-Paper-Scissors, constituído por três espécies e o espaço vazio, distribuídos inicialmente de maneira aleatória numa rede quadrada, em que uma célula ativa pode interagir com apenas um de seus quatro vizinhos próximos (células passivas), onde as possíveis interações são: movimentação (célula ativa e passiva trocam de lugar), reprodução (célula ativa preenche um espaço vazio) e predação (célula ativa elimina a célula passiva, criando um espaço vazio). Em suma, trata-se de um modelo com interação cíclica sem direção privilegiada, mas que apresenta assinaturas de uma transição de fase contínua do estado de diversidade (fase simétrica) para o de uniformidade (fase assimétrica). Com isso, fomos motivados a estudar esse tipo de sistema e analisar como a variação de um de seus parâmetros de controle, a reprodução µ, influencia o sistema quando µ → µc, sendo µc a reprodução crítica. E a partir da realização de experimentos numéricos calcular os expoentes críticos do sistema. Por fim, amparados na teoria abordada nos primeiros capítulos desse presente trabalho, tentar identificar qual a classe de universalidade que o modelo Rock-Paper-Scissors com três espécies e o espaço vazio pertence. CAPES: Código do Financiamento 001
- Published
- 2019
59. Effects of management objectives and rules on marine conservation outcomes.
- Author
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Ban NC, Darling ES, Gurney GG, Friedman W, Jupiter SD, Lestari WP, Yulianto I, Pardede S, Tarigan SAR, Prihatiningsih P, Mangubhai S, Naisilisili W, Dulunaqio S, Naggea J, Ranaivoson R, Agostini VN, Ahmadia G, Blythe J, Campbell SJ, Claudet J, Cox C, Epstein G, Estradivari, Fox M, Gill D, Himes-Cornell A, Jonas H, Mcleod E, Muthiga NA, and McClanahan T
- Subjects
- Animals, Coral Reefs, Oceans and Seas, Fishes, Conservation of Natural Resources, Biodiversity
- Abstract
Understanding the relative effectiveness and enabling conditions of different area-based management tools is essential for supporting efforts that achieve positive biodiversity outcomes as area-based conservation coverage increases to meet newly set international targets. We used data from a coastal social-ecological monitoring program in 6 Indo-Pacific countries to analyze whether social, ecological, and economic objectives and specific management rules (temporal closures, fishing gear-specific, species-specific restrictions) were associated with coral reef fish biomass above sustainable yield levels across different types of area-based management tools (i.e., comparing those designated as marine protected areas [MPAs] with other types of area-based management). All categories of objectives, multiple combinations of rules, and all types of area-based management had some sites that were able to sustain high levels of reef fish biomass-a key measure for coral reef functioning-compared with reference sites with no area-based management. Yet, the same management types also had sites with low biomass. As governments advance their commitments to the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework and the target to conserve 30% of the planet's land and oceans by 2030, we found that although different types of management can be effective, most of the managed areas in our study regions did not meet criteria for effectiveness. These findings underscore the importance of strong management and governance of managed areas and the need to measure the ecological impact of area-based management rather than counting areas because of their designation., (© 2023 The Authors. Conservation Biology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society for Conservation Biology.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
60. Creating conservation strategies with value-focused thinking.
- Author
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Martin DM, Goldstein JG, Smith DR, Musengezi J, Rountree JG, Galgamuwa GAP, Craig A, Dietz M, and Kerr C
- Subjects
- Humans, Conservation of Natural Resources methods, Biodiversity
- Abstract
Biodiversity and human well-being strategies are only as good as the set of ideas people think about. We evaluated value-focused thinking (VFT), a framework that emphasizes creating objectives and strategies that are responsive to the objectives. We performed a proof-of-concept study of VFT with 6 conservation planning teams at a global conservation organization. We developed a package of materials related to VFT, including meeting-session agendas, a virtual facilitation template, facilitator's guide, and evaluation questionnaires. We used these materials to test whether VFT applied in a group setting resulted in high-quality conservation strategies and participant satisfaction and whether our materials were scalable, meaning that someone newly trained in VFT could facilitate planning meetings that resulted in high-quality strategies and participant satisfaction, as compared with an experienced VFT facilitator. Net response indicated positive compelling, feasible, creative, and representative ratings for the conservation strategies per team. Participants indicated satisfaction overall, although satisfaction was greater for objectives than for strategies. Among the participants with previous conservation planning experience, all were at least as satisfied with their VFT strategies compared with previously developed strategies, and none were less satisfied (p = 0.001). Changes in participant satisfaction were not related to facilitator type (experienced or inexperienced with VFT) (p > 0.10). Some participants had a preconceived sense of shared understanding of important values and interests before participating in the study, which VFT strengthened. Our results highlight the advantages of structuring the development and evaluation of conservation planning frameworks around VFT., (© 2023 The Authors. Conservation Biology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society for Conservation Biology.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
61. Protected areas slow declines unevenly across the tetrapod tree of life.
- Author
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Justin Nowakowski A, Watling JI, Murray A, Deichmann JL, Akre TS, Muñoz Brenes CL, Todd BD, McRae L, Freeman R, and Frishkoff LO
- Subjects
- Animals, Birds classification, Amphibians classification, Reptiles classification, Global Warming statistics & numerical data, Biodiversity, Conservation of Natural Resources methods, Conservation of Natural Resources statistics & numerical data, Vertebrates classification, Phylogeny, Endangered Species statistics & numerical data, Endangered Species trends
- Abstract
Protected areas (PAs) are the primary strategy for slowing terrestrial biodiversity loss. Although expansion of PA coverage is prioritized under the Convention on Biological Diversity, it remains unknown whether PAs mitigate declines across the tetrapod tree of life and to what extent land cover and climate change modify PA effectiveness
1,2 . Here we analysed rates of change in abundance of 2,239 terrestrial vertebrate populations across the globe. On average, vertebrate populations declined five times more slowly within PAs (-0.4% per year) than at similar sites lacking protection (-1.8% per year). The mitigating effects of PAs varied both within and across vertebrate classes, with amphibians and birds experiencing the greatest benefits. The benefits of PAs were lower for amphibians in areas with converted land cover and lower for reptiles in areas with rapid climate warming. By contrast, the mitigating impacts of PAs were consistently augmented by effective national governance. This study provides evidence for the effectiveness of PAs as a strategy for slowing tetrapod declines. However, optimizing the growing PA network requires targeted protection of sensitive clades and mitigation of threats beyond PA boundaries. Provided the conditions of targeted protection, adequate governance and well-managed landscapes are met, PAs can serve a critical role in safeguarding tetrapod biodiversity., (© 2023. This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply.)- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
62. Regional Policy Paper on the Biodiversity Information Management and Reporting in Southeast Europe
- Author
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Azra Velagić-Hajrudinović
- Subjects
Information management ,reporting ,business.industry ,Data management ,Biodiversity ,General Medicine ,Regional policy ,regional cooperation ,international biodiversity agreements ,Business ,data management ,South-East Europe ,policy paper ,Environmental planning ,decision making processes ,biodiversity - Abstract
In the region of Southeast Europe (SEE) the obligation to establish and maintain information systems for nature conservation is scarcely mentioned in national legislation and is not adequately covered in legislative documents. Therefore, there is a great need for a more detailed regional policy paper that consists of a set of measures and a template of regulation. A set of measures was proposed and agreed upon among Biodiversity Information Management and Reporting (BIMR)* Regional Platform members and prepared in a way to be feasible, clear, resourceful and adjusted to the national circumstances, thus easier to implement. The regulation tackles all information system aspects in order to improve reporting processes towards the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD, https://www.cbd.int/mechanisms) and other relevant conventions (e.g., exchange and provisioning of the data, access and usage rights, technical and functional requirements/standards, compliance with relevant international standards and European Union (EU) directives such as EU INSPIRE Directive (Infrastructure for spatial information in Europe, https://inspire.ec.europa.eu), Birds (http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/legislation/birdsdirective/index_en.htm) and Habitats Directive (http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/legislation/habitatsdirective/index_en.htm). Capacities and skills of BIMR Regional Platform partner institutions are utilized while other available policy and strategic documents are used for emphasizing BIMR priorities in BIMR policy paper. Stakeholders have an opportunity to express national data gaps and needs through a questionnaire where BIMR priorities are selected at the regional level and presented in a proposed set of measures and regulation. Consultative meetings of the BIMR Regional Platform are used for drafting and preparing the document in a form to be ready for endorsement. The BIMR policy paper will be delivered to the Biodiversity Taskforce (BD TF https://www.rcc.int/docs/443/biodiversity-task-force-of-south-east-europe--technical-and-advisory-body-of-the-regional-working-group-on-environment), an intergovernmental technical and advisory body of the Regional Working Group on Environment (RWGE), which coordinates regional activities, facilitates the implementation of the SEE 2020 Strategy (https://www.rcc.int/pages/86/south-east-europe-2020-strategy) and creates a framework for more efficient implementation of biodiversity policies in the framework of accession to the EU. As a final outcome, the BD TF will report on the BIMR policy paper to the RWGE for further endorsement. Main result: Cooperation between economies is strengthened and their willingness to implement EU standards and fulfill international obligations is fostered by improving the capacities and skills of partner institutions for an active regional exchange, including learning/knowledge transfer and practices. This regional paper enables amplification of BIMR issues in the national legislation by improving the decision-making processes of stakeholders in their own institutions and reporting progress towards international biodiversity agreements. BIMR Regional Platform is a consultative technical group which represents focal points from the Ministries of Environment, Environmental Protection Agencies and Institutes for Nature Conservation from SEE and Croatia. It facilitates consultant work at the national/regional level, communicates and disseminates information on BIMR activities in respective institutions and other biodiversity relevant sectors and initiatives, verifies and presents BIMR deliverables and mobilizes institutional, scientific and technical networks in support of BIMR activities.
- Published
- 2019
63. An Investigation on the Scope of the Concept of Biodiversity in Turkey at High School Geography Curriculum
- Author
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Ince, Ziya and Sahin, Vedat
- Abstract
One of the definitions of biodiversity, which has many definitions, is the differences between living things or the diversity of life forms in the world. According to another definition, biodiversity is a group of wholes formed by genes, species, ecosystems and ecological events in a region. The importance of biodiversity is gradually increasing nowadays where some living species existing on earth are gradually disappearing. In this context, many disciplines have started to work on this subject. Studies in the fields of biology and science are especially important. On the other hand, although some studies have been done on the subject in the field of geography, studies on the place of biodiversity in geography education are limited. Biodiversity; Turkey has not received the place it deserves due to be reduced to just one unit in the Geography Curriculum. Biodiversity, due to the reduction to only one unit in the Geography Curriculum in Turkey, it has not received its deserved place. Because, when the secondary education geography curriculum is examined, it is seen that only in the first unit of 11th grade includes biodiversity. Likewise, there is only one learning outcome directly related to the subject in the Geography Education Program. Document analysis technique, which is one of the qualitative research methods, was used in our research. In the research, the place of biodiversity subject in secondary education geography curriculum was examined. Within this framework, journals, articles, books of academic value and reports containing statistical data that are published regarding to the topic were reviewed. In this context, many resources published in domestic and foreign languages on the internet has been scanned. In conclusion, in order for the biodiversity of what our country has, to be understood in terms of the whole society, this existence must be well known and assimilated. It gains importance to increase the efforts to transfer the biological diversity that exists in our day to future generations. Geography education is one of the most important factors in order to increase the level of awareness in this regard. In this context, it is important to allocate more space for this subject in different units in the secondary education geography curriculum. [This article was presented as a summary paper at the International Battalgazi Scientific Studies Congress, December 18-20, 2020, Malatya.]
- Published
- 2021
64. Erratum and Corrigenda to recent papers on nematode classification, trends and trophic groups
- Author
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HODDA, M.
- Subjects
Biodiversity ,Taxonomy - Abstract
HODDA, M. (2022): Erratum and Corrigenda to recent papers on nematode classification, trends and trophic groups. Zootaxa 5120 (4): 599-600, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5120.4.11, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5120.4.11
- Published
- 2022
65. Trust for Nature: working together to protect biodiversity on private land. [Paper in special issue: FNCV Biodiversity Symposium. Morton, Anne; Presland, Gary and Gibson, Maria (eds)]
- Author
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Cullen, Ben, Inglis, Tiffany, Arbon, Kelly, and Robinson, Doug
- Published
- 2013
66. The open-access journal Biodiversity Observations: report for the period 2010-2022.
- Author
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Underhill, Les G. and Navarro, Rene A.
- Subjects
OPEN access publishing ,ELECTRONIC journals ,BIODIVERSITY - Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
67. EJNI Briefing Paper November 2022
- Author
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Hough, Alison, Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest, and European Climate Foundation
- Subjects
Climate ,Access rights ,Paris Agreement ,Biodiversity ,Department of Business and Hospitality TUS Midlands ,EU Green Deal - Abstract
In response to the ever-worsening climate and biodiversity crises, that have seen widespread disruptive weather events and environmental degradation on an unprecedented scale, as well as producing tens of millions of “climate refugees”, the EU developed a new environmental policy “The EU Green Deal”. The EU Green Deal” (2019) set the ambitious target of making Europe the first climate neutral continent by 2050, and to reduce emissions by 55% by 2030, in order to meet their NDC’s under the Paris Agreement. A key element of this is the “Fit for 55” work package (July 2021) legislative proposals. This is the most comprehensive revision of the EU environment and climate acquis in the history of the EU. It represents an unprecedented opportunity to bring the EU into compliance with its international law obligations, and secure the effectiveness of EU environmental law, by introducing environmental “access rights” into the legislative proposals. Environmental “Access Rights” is the collective term for rights such as access to justice, public participation and access to information required by international law, the Aarhus Convention.
- Published
- 2022
68. Unlocking Nature-Smart Development : An Approach Paper on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
- Author
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World Bank Group
- Subjects
DEVELOPMENT PARTNERSHIPS ,GREEN PROJECTS ,CLIMATE FINANCE ,CLIMATE CHANGE ,WORLD BANK GROUP PORTFOLIO ,BIODIVERSITY ,ECOSYSTEM SERVICES ,ACCESS TO DRINKING WATER ,LAND USE ,SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT - Abstract
Unlocking Nature-Smart Development: An Approach Paper on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services is part of a series of papers by the World Bank Group that outlines the development challenges and opportunities associated with blue and green biodiversity and ecosystem services. The paper makes the case that the rapid global decline in nature is a development issue and proposes six global response areas intended to guide governments and inform broader discussions on how to integrate nature into development agendas. As countries formulate a set of new global biodiversity targets, this paper also offers insights that could inform the design and implementation of the post-2020 global biodiversity framework, as well as the World Bank Group’s ongoing support to this agenda.
- Published
- 2021
69. A brief review of the stony coral (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia) papers published by Zootaxa in its first 20 years
- Author
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Rosemarie C. Baron-Szabo and Stephen D. Cairns
- Subjects
Cnidaria ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,biology ,Coral Reefs ,Fossils ,Coral ,Scleractinia ,Biodiversity ,Coral reef ,Anthozoa ,biology.organism_classification ,Genealogy ,Taxon ,Animals ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Periodicals as Topic ,Reef ,Phylogeny ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Taxonomy - Abstract
In the 20 year history of Zootaxa, thirty-two papers have been published having Scleractinia as its primary focus. Twenty-four of the 32 scleractinian papers deal with Recent taxa, most of which belonging to shallow-water, reef corals. The 8 publications dealing with fossil Scleractinia include 3 monographic works, three papers discussing nomenclatural issues of individual taxa, and 2 papers deal with various aspects of select genera.
- Published
- 2021
70. Papers published in Zootaxa concerning Nematoda from 2001 to 2020
- Author
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Mike Hodda
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Nematoda ,Phylum ,010607 zoology ,Zoology ,Biodiversity ,Biology ,Bibliometrics ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Nematode ,Single species ,Animals ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Periodicals as Topic ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Taxonomy - Abstract
In the first twenty years of the publication of Zootaxa, nearly 500 papers on nematodes have been published, ranging from complete classifications of the entire phylum to single species descriptions, revisions, catalogues and faunal checklists. In terms of species descriptions, this has represented a substantial and increasing proportion of all descriptions of new nematode species. A total of 488 authors have published, with over 20 authors contributing at a rate of more than one paper every two years.
- Published
- 2021
71. Nature-Based Solutions for Improving Resilience in the Caribbean : 360° Resilience Background Paper
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Valero, Sara, Miranda, Juan Jose, and Murisic, Maja
- Subjects
CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT ,CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION ,COASTAL ECOSYSTEM ,SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ,BIODIVERSITY ,NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ,COASTAL RESILIENCE ,NATURAL DISASTER ,NATURE-BASED SOLUTION ,GREEN RECOVERY - Abstract
Sustainable management of environment and natural resources is essential for the long-term and sustainable growth of key economic sectors, such as fisheries, forestry or tourism, across the Caribbean. In addition to being important generators of GDP and beneficial to the human well-being overall, natural resources also provide a range of ecosystem services that play a critical role in the Caribbean countries’ efforts to reduce disaster risks and adapt to mounting climate change risks. The region is facing a number of challenges in this area, including the climate change impacts, limited access to financing, and narrow fiscal space, among others. Such challenges are being exacerbated by the unprecedented health, economic and social impacts of COVID-19 pandemic. However, with great challenges come great opportunities, including to grow and shift the development pathway into a green recovery, based on the richness of the natural resources and biodiversity that this region possesses.
- Published
- 2021
72. Identifying socioeconomic and biophysical factors driving forest loss in protected areas.
- Author
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Powlen KA, Salerno J, Jones KW, and Gavin MC
- Subjects
- Humans, Mexico, Population Density, Socioeconomic Factors, Conservation of Natural Resources methods, Biodiversity
- Abstract
Protected areas (PAs) are a commonly used strategy to confront forest conversion and biodiversity loss. Although determining drivers of forest loss is central to conservation success, understanding of them is limited by conventional modeling assumptions. We used random forest regression to evaluate potential drivers of deforestation in PAs in Mexico, while accounting for nonlinear relationships and higher order interactions underlying deforestation processes. Socioeconomic drivers (e.g., road density, human population density) and underlying biophysical conditions (e.g., precipitation, distance to water, elevation, slope) were stronger predictors of forest loss than PA characteristics, such as age, type, and management effectiveness. Within PA characteristics, variables reflecting collaborative and equitable management and PA size were the strongest predictors of forest loss, albeit with less explanatory power than socioeconomic and biophysical variables. In contrast to previously used methods, which typically have been based on the assumption of linear relationships, we found that the associations between most predictors and forest loss are nonlinear. Our results can inform decisions on the allocation of PA resources by strengthening management in PAs with the highest risk of deforestation and help preemptively protect key biodiversity areas that may be vulnerable to deforestation in the future., (© 2023 The Authors. Conservation Biology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society for Conservation Biology.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
73. Evaluating the potential of biodiversity offsets to achieve net gain.
- Author
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Souza BA, Rosa JCS, Campos PBR, and Sánchez LE
- Subjects
- Forests, Mining, Brazil, Ecosystem, Conservation of Natural Resources, Biodiversity
- Abstract
Evaluating the outcomes and tracking the trajectory of biodiversity offsets is essential to demonstrating their effectiveness as a mechanism to conciliate development and conservation. We reviewed the literature to determine the principles that should underpin biodiversity offset planning and the criteria for offset evaluation at the project level. According to the literature, the core principles of equivalence, additionality, and permanence are used as criteria to evaluate conservation outcomes of offsets. We applied the criteria to evaluate offsets of a large iron ore mining project in the Atlantic Forest in Brazil. We examined equivalence in terms of the amount of area per biodiversity value affected and fauna and flora similarity, additionality in terms of landscape connectivity, and permanence in terms of guarantees to ensure protection and restoration offsets lasting outcomes. We found an offset ratio (amount of affected area:offset area) of 1:1.8 for forests and 1:2 for grasslands. Ecological equivalence (i.e., similarity between affected and offset areas) was found for forested areas, but not for ferruginous rupestrian grasslands or for fauna. Landscape metrics showed that connectivity improved relative to the preproject situation as a result of locating restoration offsets in the largest and best-connected forest patch. Permanence of offsets was addressed by establishing covenants and management measures, but financial guarantees to cover maintenance costs after mine closure were lacking. Offsets should be equivalent in type and size, provide conservation outcomes that would not be obtained without them (additionality), and be lasting (permanence). To monitor and evaluate offsets, it is necessary to determine how well these 3 principles are applied in the planning, implementation, and maintenance of offsets. Achieving measurable conservation outcomes from offsets is a long-term endeavor that requires sustained management support, and is information intensive. Thus, offsets require ongoing monitoring and evaluation as well as adaptive management., (© 2023 The Authors. Conservation Biology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society for Conservation Biology.)
- Published
- 2023
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74. Passive monitoring of avian habitat on working lands.
- Author
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Dixon AP, Baker ME, and Ellis EC
- Subjects
- Animals, Agriculture, Animals, Wild, Birds, Ecosystem, Biodiversity
- Abstract
Intensive agricultural landscapes pose a challenge to wildlife managers, policymakers, and landowners hoping to increase the diversity of desired wildlife species, such as grassland birds, which require urgent conservation action. In intensive agricultural landscapes, like those of the Midwestern United States, most land area is privately owned and operated and managed primarily for production. Thus, conducting ecological research in intensive agricultural landscapes requires collaborative approaches aimed at farm owners and operators. Recent advances in acoustic data collection and high-resolution habitat mapping, including low-cost acoustic recorders and satellite remote sensing, may be well positioned to address this challenge by enabling expanded assessments and monitoring of wildlife populations and habitats across regions. This study examined fine-grained habitat characteristics and their relationship with avian biodiversity in intensive agricultural landscapes at 44 agricultural sites across the state of Iowa. Passive acoustic monitoring and manual identification of bird species allowed for measurement of vocalizing bird richness. High-resolution mapping of noncrop vegetation provided detailed information on small noncrop vegetation habitat complexes within row-crop agriculture. Measures of image texture provided characterizations of compositional heterogeneity within noncrop vegetation. General linear Poisson modeling demonstrated robust associations between noncrop vegetation and vocalizing bird richness, yet variation in grassland bird richness was not well predicted by noncrop vegetation. Noncrop vegetation texture demonstrated potential as a predictor of vocalizing bird richness, though not better than or when combined with noncrop vegetated area, indicating it may not be an independent measure of habitat quality. Passive acoustic monitoring resulted in useful data at 44 out of 60 originally selected sites, with some lost to failed recorders and/or collaboration issues. Challenges remain in detecting habitat characteristics that promote grassland birds in row crop landscapes. Working toward probabilistic research design across privately owned working landscapes and incorporating more detailed management practice information would improve the transferability of this approach to farmland management and policy., (© 2023 The Ecological Society of America.)
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- 2023
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- View/download PDF
75. Land clearing laws in Western Australia [Paper in: The Agricultural Industry. Brown, Kevin G. (ed)]
- Author
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Squelch, Joan
- Published
- 2007
76. Engaging Ecosystems
- Author
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Duncan, Susan, Papers, Jerry, and Franzen, Woody
- Abstract
Vertical connections, constructed using inquiry, give students the skills to reach new heights in both their academic and local communities. In this article, the authors present inquiry projects, developed by middle level teachers, to ensure that students use higher-level thinking skills to improve the community. Each project is connected to the previous year's to give students a deeper understanding of how research can help citizens build a sustainable community. Teachers work together to plan field studies and guide students in presenting their findings to others in the community using models, PowerPoint presentations, a web accessible database, and reports from field investigations. The projects are as follows: (1) healthy marine ecosystems--sixth grade; (2) interdisciplinary science: biodiversity and development--seventh grade; and (3) collaborating to create a better biosphere--eighth grade. (Contains 1 figure and 4 online resources.)
- Published
- 2006
77. Special issue of business, strategy, and the environment call for papers business, society, biodiversity, and natural capital deadline June 30, 2020 (see details of conference/workshop at the end of the call for paper)
- Author
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Karen Maas, Delphine Gibassier, and Stefan Schaltegger
- Subjects
Finance ,business.industry ,Strategy and Management ,Political science ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Biodiversity ,Strategic management ,Natural capital ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Business and International Management ,business - Published
- 2019
78. Papers published in Zootaxa concerning Neuropterida
- Author
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David E. Bowles, Xingyue Liu, Agostino Letardi, Letardi, Agostino, Bowles, DAVID E., and Liu, Xingyue
- Subjects
numerosity ,0106 biological sciences ,Megaloptera ,biology ,Neuroptera ,critical aspects ,010607 zoology ,Library science ,Neuropterida ,Biodiversity ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Dozen ,Animals ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Review process ,Periodicals as Topic ,authorship ,Holometabola ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Two Hundreds & Two Noughts. In the first twenty years of the publication of Zootaxa, more than two hundred papers have appeared in this journal that address the Neuropterida, which collectively includes the [Neuroptera+Raphidioptera]+Megaloptera sections (initially “Minor orders” section). A dozen submitted manuscripts were rejected before the review process, and another dozen submissions were rejected following the peer review process. Additional content and general submission history of these contributions is summarized here. These various contributions highlight the growing body of research on the Neuropterida and the importance of Zootaxa as a key journal for publishing and disseminating this research.
- Published
- 2021
79. Under the terms and conditions of the natural environment: it burnt where it snows. [Paper in: Fire Symposium Special Issue. Morton, Anne; Presland, Gary and Gibson, Maria (eds)]
- Author
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Reeves, Mark
- Published
- 2004
80. Victoria's parks, forests and fire: [Paper in: Fire Symposium Special Issue. Morton, Anne; Presland, Gary and Gibson, Maria (eds)]
- Author
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Leonard, Mike
- Published
- 2004
81. Fire in south eastern Australia: a discussion summary and synthesis. [Paper in: Fire Symposium Special Issue. Morton, Anne; Presland, Gary and Gibson, Maria (eds)]
- Author
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New, T. R.
- Published
- 2004
82. Total-Evidence Phylogeny of the New World Polistes Lepeletier, 1836, Paper Wasps (Vespidae, Polistinae, Polistini)
- Author
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James M. Carpenter, Bernardo F. Santos, Sergio Ricardo Andena, Marcio Luiz de Oliveira, and Alexandre Somavilla
- Subjects
Synapomorphy ,Archeology ,History ,Insecta ,Arthropoda ,biology ,Vespidae ,Museology ,Biodiversity ,biology.organism_classification ,Hymenoptera ,Monophyly ,Eumenidae ,Taxon ,Evolutionary biology ,Polistinae ,Animalia ,Polistes ,Subgenus ,Clade ,Taxonomy - Abstract
The genus Polistes is one of the most species-rich and widely distributed groups of social wasps and a model taxon for studies of social behavior. Almost half the Polistes world fauna occurs in the New World, but their classification has been unstable due in part to the scarcity of phylogenetic studies. We investigated the phylogeny of the New World Polistes by combining a previously existing molecular dataset with a new morphological and behavioral matrix for 90 of the 93 New World species. All analyses support a single origin for the New World Polistes. All five traditionally defined New World subgenera (Aphanilopterus, Epicnemius, Fuscopolistes, Onerarius, and Palisotius) were monophyletic, but the relationships among them varied across datasets. Our results, with an expanded phenotypic dataset, improved taxonomic sampling, and enhanced clade support relative to previous studies, strongly support a classification based on five subgenera, which are all diagnosable groups supported by clear morphological synapomorphies. Hence, we propose the revalidation of previously proposed subgenera; we provide a taxonomic account of each subgenus and an identification key to all species of New World Polistes.
- Published
- 2021
83. Taxonomic papers as published products of the biodiversity inventory: if not the Impact Factor (IF) or Quartiles (Q), then what determines their importance estimated on the basis of the Research Interest Score?
- Author
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Oleksiy Bidzilya, Jolanta Rimšaitė, Viktorija Dobrynina, Svetlana Baryshnikova, and Eduardas Budrys
- Subjects
open access ,straipsnio pavadinimas ,Environmental Engineering ,Basis (linear algebra) ,Impact factor ,Biodiversity ,atvira prieiga ,tarptautinis bendradarbiavimas ,plant-insect interactions ,title ,leaf-mining insects ,new taxa ,taksonų diagnostika ,žurnalo reitingas ,Geography ,Quartile ,international collaboration ,Statistics ,diagnostics ,augalų ir vabzdžių sąveika ,journal ranking ,nauji taksonai - Abstract
This study is uniquely based on the Research Interest Score (RGRI) and not on other existing bibliometric criteria for evaluation of published biological inventory products (articles and monographs). RGRI is a ResearchGate.net score that measures scientists’ interest in the publication and is based on its citations, recommendations, and reads. Our data revealed that high RGRI scores of publications were generally not determined by the journal’s Impact Factor (IF) or high quartiles (Q). However, open access to publications undoubtedly creates the strongest preconditions for the rise of RGRI. The importance and popularity of a publications can also be affected by its various other characteristics, for example, international collaboration of authors, ecological issues such as plant-insect interactions, and even the wording of the publication title., Žurnalo citavimo rodiklis (IF) arba aukštos kvartilės (Q1, Q2) nebūtinai nulemia aukštesnes „Research Gate Research Interest“ (RGRI) rodiklio reikšmes, publikacijų populiarumą ir svarbą. Tačiau laisva publikacijų prieiga neabejotinai sudaro didžiausias prielaidas RGRI balo kilimui, t. y. publikacijų skaito-mumui ir cituojamumui. Be atviros prieigos, RGRI rodiklio dydžiui turi įtakos ir įvairios kitos straips-nių charakteristikos. Autorių duomenimis, didžiau-sią reikšmę gali turėti tokie veiksniai kaip tarp-tautinis bendradarbiavimas, ekologinių klausimų nagrinėjimas (pvz., augalų ir vabzdžių sąveika) bei pati straipsnio pavadinimo formuluotė. RGRI ro-diklio reikšmės kinta laike, tačiau nepaisant skirtin-gų starto pozicijų, jų didėjimo tempas nepriklauso nuo to, ar publikacija yra paskelbta aukšto citavimo (IF) žurnale ar nereitinguotame mokslo leidinyje; šiek tiek spartesnis publikacijų RGRI rodiklio didė-jimas pastebimas tarp tų publikacijų, kurios yra lais-vos prieigos. Šiais komercializuoto ir formalizuoto mokslo laikais profesionalūs tyrėjai netiesiogiai, ta-čiau sistemiškai yra skatinami nepublikuoti straips-nių nereitinguotuose žurnaluose arba žurnaluose, neturinčiuose aukštų kvartilių. Straipsnio autoriai mano, kad tai nė kiek neskatina svarbiausio tikslo siekimo – greitesnės biologinės įvairovės inventori-zacijos, netgi tikriausiai daro priešingą poveikį.v
- Published
- 2021
84. A meta-analysis of the ecological and economic outcomes of mangrove restoration.
- Author
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Su J, Friess DA, and Gasparatos A
- Subjects
- Animals, Humans, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Cost-Benefit Analysis methods, Ecosystem, Environmental Restoration and Remediation economics, Environmental Restoration and Remediation methods, Wetlands
- Abstract
Mangrove restoration has become a popular strategy to ensure the critical functions and economic benefits of this ecosystem. This study conducts a meta-analysis of the peer-reviewed literature on the outcomes of mangrove restoration. On aggregate, restored mangroves provide higher ecosystem functions than unvegetated tidal flats but lower than natural mangrove stands (respectively RR' = 0.43, 95%CIs = 0.23 to 0.63; RR' = -0.21, 95%CIs = -0.34 to -0.08), while they perform on par with naturally-regenerated mangroves and degraded mangroves. However, restoration outcomes vary widely between functions and comparative bases, and are mediated by factors such as restoration age, species, and restoration method. Furthermore, mangrove restoration offers positive benefit-cost ratios ranging from 10.50 to 6.83 under variable discount rates (-2% to 8%), suggesting that mangrove restoration is a cost-effective form of ecosystem management. Overall, the results suggest that mangrove restoration has substantial potential to contribute to multiple policy objectives related to biodiversity conservation, climate change mitigation and sustainable development., (© 2021. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2021
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85. Grassroots Approaches for Sustaining Biocultural Diversity and Livelihood Security: Insights from Indian Eastern Himalaya.
- Author
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Singh RK, Singh A, Ksherchokpa L, Rallen O, Taniang B, Lego YJ, Padung E, Kumar A, Tag H, and Mauerhofer V
- Subjects
- Female, Forests, Humans, India, Male, Medicine, Traditional, Biodiversity, Conservation of Natural Resources
- Abstract
Bioculturally significant plants, which have played a key role in sustaining the livelihoods of tribal communities of Arunachal Pradesh, India, are facing threats from changing land use patterns, climatic aberrations and socioeconomic stressors. This study highlights two unique grassroots approaches to conserving these species and their associated cultural knowledge within the traditional land use systems of Arunachal Pradesh: Community Knowledge Gardens (CKGs) and Clan Reserve Forests (CRFs). Four CKGs and one CRF, transformed from existing traditional land use systems, were investigated in three socio-ecologically diverse landscapes of Nyishi, Adi and Monpa communities. Study participants, including both men and women, played an active role in devising locally compatible criteria and protocols for strengthening the conservation of key plant species within their traditional land use systems, through CKG and CRF approaches. A total of 86 plant species, conserved through the CKGs and 44 from the Adi CRF, were identified as having high food, ethnomedicinal and cultural values. The Shannon-Weaver index of richness of plant species conserved was highest in the Nyishi CKG, with a value of 38; while for Adi and Monpa it was 30 and 18, respectively. The pattern of Shannon-Weaver diversity index was in the order of 2.91, 2.64 and 2.63, respectively for the CKGs of these three communities. In comparison to individual CKGs, relatively higher species diversity (3.18) was found in the Adi CRF. Increased sharing of traditional knowledge among the community members, regular incomes and equitable sharing of the tangible and intangible benefits of using plant species were identified as important success indicators of the CKGs and CRF. In addition to providing valuable insights on biocultural knowledge and enabling the participants to strengthen their existing local land use practices for conserving valued plant biodiversity, the study outcomes have the potential to inform and strengthen the policies on environmental sustainability.
- Published
- 2021
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86. Call for Papers
- Author
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GREENSTONE, MATTHEW H.
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
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87. Institutional design for biodiversity conservation [Revised version of paper presented to the Industry Economics Conference, Melbourne Business School, June 2001.]
- Author
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Clarke, Harry
- Published
- 2002
88. Citation Patterns of a Controversial and High-Impact Paper: Worm et al. (2006) “Impacts of Biodiversity Loss on Ocean Ecosystem Services”.
- Author
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Branch, Trevor A.
- Subjects
MARINE ecology ,MARINE biodiversity ,SPECIES diversity ,POPULATION biology ,POPULATION dynamics ,BIOLOGICAL extinction ,FISHERIES - Abstract
Citation patterns were examined for Worm et al. 2006 (Science 314∶787–790), a high-impact paper that focused on relationships between marine biodiversity and ecosystem services. This paper sparked much controversy through its projection, highlighted in the press release, that all marine fisheries would be collapsed by 2048. Analysis of 664 citing papers revealed that only a small percentage (11%) referred to the 2048 projection, while 39% referred to fisheries collapse in general, and 40% to biodiversity and ecosystem services. The 2048 projection was mentioned more often in papers published soon after the original paper, in low-impact journals, and in journals outside of fields that would be expected to focus on biodiversity. Citing papers also mentioned the 2048 projection more often if they had few authors (28% of single-author papers vs. 2% of papers with 10 or more authors). These factors suggest that the more knowledgeable the authors of citing papers were about the controversy over the 2048 projection, the less likely they were to refer to it. A noteworthy finding was that if the original authors were also involved in the citing papers, they rarely (1 of 55 papers, 2%) mentioned the 2048 projection. Thus the original authors have emphasized the broader concerns about biodiversity loss, rather than the 2048 projection, as the key result of their study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
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- View/download PDF
89. From ashes to understanding: Opinion papers on fire and a call for papers for a Special Issue in Flora
- Author
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Davi Rodrigo Rossatto, Gerhard E. Overbeck, Hermann Heilmeier, Fernando A. O. Silveira, Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), and TU Bergakad Freiberg
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Functional ecology ,Ecology ,Fire regime ,business.industry ,Environmental resource management ,Fire management ,Biodiversity ,Plant Science ,Vegetation ,Disturbance ,Wildfire ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Ecosystem services ,Fire-prone ,Geography ,Disturbance (ecology) ,Deforestation ,Ecosystem ,Fire-sensitive ,business ,Vegetation fire ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-10T17:34:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-07-01 In the recent past, wildfires have received much attention both by science and by the media, especially in relation to deforestation, degradation and climate change and when affecting fire-sensitive ecosystems. On the other hand, fire is a natural process in many ecosystems, in particular those to be considered fire-dependent; here, maintaining natural fire regimes is important to maintain biodiversity and ecosystem services. In many regions of the world we are still in the need for a better understanding of fire effects on plant populations, communities and ecosystems. For instance, responses of individuals and populations to heat and fire can differ among distinct fire-prone ecosystems, and community level responses often vary depending on historical disturbance regimes or the fire regime as such. Effects on ecosystem processes, e.g. on carbon cycles, can vary greatly in scale and are even more difficult to predict. This adds up to uncertainties regarding appropriate fire management strategies, both in fire-prone and fire-sensitive ecosystems. Here, we introduce a set of opinion papers on fires in Brazil and a forthcoming Virtual Special Issue of Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants on Fire and vegetation, with contributions expected from a broad range of topics related to fire, plants, and vegetation. This special issue will contribute to the development not only of more knowledge on fire effects on plants and vegetation, but also to advances in fire management policies in different ecosystems around the world. The main issue, after all, is to go beyond simple classification of fires as 'good' or 'bad', but rather to develop strategies to deal with changing fire regimes and their effects in a dynamic world increasingly modified by human actions. Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Dept Bot, Av Bento Goncalves 9500, BR-91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Ctr Ecol Synth & Conservat, Dept Genet Ecol & Evolucao, Av Antonio Carlos 6627, BR-31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias Agr & Vet, Dept Biol, Via Acesso Prof Paulo Donato Castellane S-N, BR-14884000 Jaboticabal, Brazil TU Bergakad Freiberg, Inst Biosci, Leipziger Str 29, D-09599 Freiberg, Germany Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias Agr & Vet, Dept Biol, Via Acesso Prof Paulo Donato Castellane S-N, BR-14884000 Jaboticabal, Brazil
- Published
- 2020
90. Data paper: Land snails and slugs at the Natural Park of the Serralada Litoral (Barcelona, Spain)
- Author
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V. Bros
- Subjects
occurrence dataset ,biodiversity ,terrestrial gastropods ,catalonia ,protected ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
The population of molluscs at the Natural Park of the Serralada Litoral (Barcelona, Spain, NE Iberian Peninsula) was assessed, contributing to the conservation plan. A wildlife inventory was conducted based on fieldwork.
- Published
- 2013
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91. Stakeholder Perceptions Can Distinguish 'Paper Parks' from Marine Protected Areas.
- Author
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Relano, Veronica, Mak, Tiffany, Ortiz, Shelumiel, and Pauly, Daniel
- Abstract
While numerous Marine Protected Areas (MPA) have been created in the last decades, their effectiveness must be assessed in the context of the country's biodiversity conservation policies and must be verified by local observations. Currently, the observations of local stakeholders, such as those from non-governmental organizations (NGOs), academics, government civil servants, journalists, and fishers, are not considered in any MPA database. The Sea Around Us has added observations from local stakeholders to address this gap, adding their perspectives to its reconstructed fisheries catch database, and to at least one MPA in each country's Exclusive Economic Zone. It is important to pursue and incentivize stakeholder knowledge sharing to achieve a better understanding of the current level of marine protection, as this information is a valuable addition to the existing MPA databases. To address this gap, we demonstrated that personal emails containing a one-question questionnaire about the fishing levels in an MPA are an excellent way to gather data from local stakeholders, and that this works especially well for respondents in NGOs, academia, and governments. Of the stakeholders who replied to our personalized email, 66% provided us with the fishing level of the MPA that we asked for. The paper also presents how to access this information through the Sea Around Us website, which details in anonymized form the most common fishing levels for each selected MPA, as perceived or observed by different local stakeholder groups. This information is a unique and novel addition to a website that is concerned with marine conservation and contributes to a more accurate and inclusive discourse around MPAs. This information also helps to identify the gaps that need to be addressed to turn 'paper parks' (i.e., MPAs that are legally designated but not effective) into effective MPAs, which can contribute to climate-resilient 'blue economies'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
92. Taxonomic papers on Collembola in Zootaxa, 2001 to 2020
- Author
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Penelope Greenslade and Wanda Maria Weiner
- Subjects
Ecology ,Animals ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Biodiversity ,Periodicals as Topic ,Biology ,Research findings ,Arthropods ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Taxonomy ,%22">Collembola - Abstract
We summarise here publications on Collembola in the journal Zootaxa over the years 2001 to 2020 and include numbers and nationalities of authors and referees. We also list numbers of new species and genera described. For a relatively small pool of taxonomists, we conclude their output has been considerable and Zootaxa has provided a useful vehicle in which to publish their research findings. Of interest, is the shift away from a Eurocentric origin of authors to a Chinese and Brazilian one. Reasons for this change are suggested.
- Published
- 2021
93. Bacterial community diversity in paper mills processing recycled paper
- Author
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Ingela Noredal Throbäck, Sara Hallin, Allana Welsh, Ulf Granhall, Karin Hjort, and Mikael Hansson
- Subjects
DNA, Bacterial ,Paper ,Library ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Bioengineering ,Biology ,DNA, Ribosomal ,complex mixtures ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Actinobacteria ,RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ,Botany ,Environmental Microbiology ,Cluster Analysis ,Mill ,Bacterial phyla ,Phylogeny ,Bacteria ,business.industry ,Brevundimonas ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,food and beverages ,Bacteroidetes ,Paper mill ,Biodiversity ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,biology.organism_classification ,DNA Fingerprinting ,Restriction fragment length polymorphism ,business ,Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Paper mills processing recycled paper suffer from biofouling causing problems both in the mill and final product. The total bacterial community composition and identification of specific taxa in the process water and biofilms at the stock preparation and paper machine areas in a mill with recycled paper pulp was described by using a DNA-based approach. Process water in a similar mill was also analyzed to investigate if general trends can be found between mills and over time. Bacterial community profiles, analyzed by terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP), in process water showed that the dominant peaks in the profiles were similar between the two mills, although the overall composition was unique for each mill. When comparing process water and biofilm at different locations within one of the mills, we observed a separation according to location and sample type, with the biofilm from the paper machine being most different. 16S rRNA gene clone libraries were generated and 404 clones were screened by RFLP analysis. Grouping of RFLP patterns confirmed that the biofilm from the paper machine was most different. A total of 99 clones representing all RFLP patterns were analyzed, resulting in sequences recovered from nine bacterial phyla, including two candidate phyla. Bacteroidetes represented 45% and Actinobacteria 23% of all the clones. Sequences with similarity to organisms implicated in biofouling, like Chryseobacterium spp. and Brevundimonas spp., were recovered from all samples even though the mill had no process problems during sampling, suggesting that they are part of the natural paper mill community. Moreover, many sequences showed little homology to as yet uncultivated bacteria implying that paper mills are interesting for isolation of new organisms, as well as for bioprospecting.
- Published
- 2010
94. Reconstruction of ancient microbial genomes from the human gut.
- Author
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Wibowo MC, Yang Z, Borry M, Hübner A, Huang KD, Tierney BT, Zimmerman S, Barajas-Olmos F, Contreras-Cubas C, García-Ortiz H, Martínez-Hernández A, Luber JM, Kirstahler P, Blohm T, Smiley FE, Arnold R, Ballal SA, Pamp SJ, Russ J, Maixner F, Rota-Stabelli O, Segata N, Reinhard K, Orozco L, Warinner C, Snow M, LeBlanc S, and Kostic AD
- Subjects
- Anti-Bacterial Agents administration & dosage, Bacteria classification, Bacteria genetics, Chronic Disease, Developed Countries, Developing Countries, Diet, Western, History, Ancient, Humans, Industrial Development trends, Methanobrevibacter classification, Methanobrevibacter genetics, Methanobrevibacter isolation & purification, Mexico, Sedentary Behavior, Southwestern United States, Species Specificity, Symbiosis, Bacteria isolation & purification, Biodiversity, Biological Evolution, Feces microbiology, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Genome, Bacterial genetics, Host Microbial Interactions
- Abstract
Loss of gut microbial diversity
1-6 in industrial populations is associated with chronic diseases7 , underscoring the importance of studying our ancestral gut microbiome. However, relatively little is known about the composition of pre-industrial gut microbiomes. Here we performed a large-scale de novo assembly of microbial genomes from palaeofaeces. From eight authenticated human palaeofaeces samples (1,000-2,000 years old) with well-preserved DNA from southwestern USA and Mexico, we reconstructed 498 medium- and high-quality microbial genomes. Among the 181 genomes with the strongest evidence of being ancient and of human gut origin, 39% represent previously undescribed species-level genome bins. Tip dating suggests an approximate diversification timeline for the key human symbiont Methanobrevibacter smithii. In comparison to 789 present-day human gut microbiome samples from eight countries, the palaeofaeces samples are more similar to non-industrialized than industrialized human gut microbiomes. Functional profiling of the palaeofaeces samples reveals a markedly lower abundance of antibiotic-resistance and mucin-degrading genes, as well as enrichment of mobile genetic elements relative to industrial gut microbiomes. This study facilitates the discovery and characterization of previously undescribed gut microorganisms from ancient microbiomes and the investigation of the evolutionary history of the human gut microbiota through genome reconstruction from palaeofaeces.- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
95. Impact of climate change on biodiversity, agriculture and health: a call for papers
- Author
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Viroj, Tangcharoensathien, Naoko, Yamamoto, Rapeepong, Suphanchaimat, Hathaichanok, Sukbut, and Somtanuek, Chotchoungchatchai
- Subjects
Conservation of Natural Resources ,Climate Change ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Humans ,Agriculture ,Biodiversity - Published
- 2022
96. Effects of Paper Mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera) Leaf Extract on Growth Performance and Fecal Microflora of Weaned Piglets
- Author
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Shengzhang Shui, Dong Wang, Sui Xiaodong, Yingyu Su, Mingjie Chai, Wu Hongbin, Yulong Yin, and Guoshun Chen
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Diarrhea ,Globulin ,Article Subject ,Swine ,Weaning ,Feed conversion ratio ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Antioxidants ,03 medical and health sciences ,Feces ,Animal science ,Lactobacillus ,Animals ,Cluster Analysis ,Phylogeny ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,biology ,Bacteria ,Plant Extracts ,Glutathione peroxidase ,0402 animal and dairy science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,Biodiversity ,Broussonetia ,biology.organism_classification ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Plant Leaves ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,biology.protein ,Metabolome ,Medicine ,Morus ,Roseburia ,Research Article - Abstract
The paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera) leaf is rich in alkaloids and flavonoids, which has high medicinal and feeding value. We aimed to analyze the effects of B. papyrifera leaf extract on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune functions, and fecal microflora of weaned piglets. Thirty healthy, 28-day-old piglets were randomly assigned to three groups and fed with a basal diet supplemented with 0, 150, and 300 g/t B. papyrifera leaf extract for 42 days (control group, group I, and group II) separately. The result revealed that the final weight of piglets in group II was higher than the other groups, and the diarrhea rate in this group was 62.9% lower than in the control group. The feed conversion ratio in group I was significantly lower than the other two groups. Higher blood urine nitrogen concentration was noted in group II, higher glutathione peroxidase and catalase in group II, higher superoxide dismutase in the control group, and higher immune globulins (Ig) IgG, IgA, and IgM in group II. There was no significant difference in community richness and community diversity among the three groups of fecal samples. The relative level of Roseburia was higher in groups I and II, while Lactobacillus was higher in the control group. In conclusion, supplementation with B. papyrifera leaf extract at a certain dosage can increase growth performance and antioxidant capacity of weaned piglets, reduce the occurrence of diarrhea, enhance immune functions and disease resistance, and affect the composition of fecal microflora.
- Published
- 2020
97. Ecological Citizenship Education and the Consumption of Animal Subjectivity
- Author
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Spannring, Reingard
- Abstract
The unfolding of the ecological disaster has led authors to reconsider the position of the human subject and his/her relationship with the earth. One entry point is the concept of ecological citizenship, which emphasizes responsibility, community, and care. However, the discourse of ecological citizenship often reduces the human subject to a critical consumer-citizen and citizenship education to the production of such a subject. The position outlined in this paper provides a more fundamental critique of consumption as a way of being in and relating to the world. In particular, it foregrounds objectification, commodification, and its impacts on human and nonhuman subjectivity and the possibility of care within a multi-species community. The paper brings animal-sensitive work in environmental education research and political theory into dialogue with a more general critique of culture and pedagogy in consumer society. From this perspective, ecological citizenship education seeks to liberate human and nonhuman beings from predetermined behavioral results and functions, and opens the time and space for the subjectification of human and nonhuman citizens within the complex dynamics of a multi-species community. With this proposition, the paper contributes to an ecocentric understanding of ecological citizenship education that builds on the continuity of life and subjective experience.
- Published
- 2019
98. Community safety and biodiversity challenges: [Paper in: Fire Symposium Special Issue. Morton, Anne; Presland, Gary and Gibson, Maria (eds)]
- Author
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Bull, Helen
- Published
- 2004
99. No net loss of biodiversity or paper offsets? A critical review of the French no net loss policy.
- Author
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Quétier, Fabien, Regnery, Baptiste, and Levrel, Harold
- Subjects
BIODIVERSITY ,NET losses ,OFFSET (Accounting) ,ENVIRONMENTAL policy ,ECOSYSTEM management - Abstract
Highlights: [•] Offsetting development impacts could help achieve no net loss of biodiversity. [•] France recently geared its legislation on offsetting towards no net loss. [•] New guidance promises improved offset design and implementation. [•] Institutional arrangements for delivering offsets are either poor or lacking. [•] Appropriate institutional arrangements are necessary to avoid paper offsets. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
100. Systematics, bionomy, and metamorphosis of Coleoptera (Insecta): Papers celebrating the 80 birthday of Cleide Costa
- Author
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Casari, Foreword from the editors Sônia A. and Biffi, Gabriel
- Subjects
Coleoptera ,Insecta ,Arthropoda ,Elateridae ,Animalia ,Biodiversity ,Taxonomy ,Cerophytidae - Abstract
Casari, Foreword from the editors Sônia A., Biffi, Gabriel (2020): Systematics, bionomy, and metamorphosis of Coleoptera (Insecta): Papers celebrating the 80 birthday of Cleide Costa. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 60 (1): 1-23, DOI: 10.11606/1807-0205/2020.60.special-issue.01, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2020.60.special-issue.01
- Published
- 2020
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