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The development and utilization of biomass energy based on the thermochemical conversion of crop biomass to produce hydrogen are of great significance for promoting China's ecological civilization construction, energy revolution, and low-carbon economic development. Henan province is one of the largest agricultural and pasturage provinces in China. Based on the analysis of the status and trends of Henan's biomass energy (BE) development, this paper summarizes the present status of the construction of ecological civilization (CEC) and the factors restricting its development. Challenges in developing biomass energy are analyzed systematically, and strategies and key technical directions for future biomass energy development are discussed. Finally, the paper presents countermeasures and suggestions for CEC based on the development of BE, which will vigorously promote the development and utilization of BE and the process of CEC. This research provides a reference for the further development of BE and CEC in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, global environmental problems such as air pollution and the greenhouse effect have become more and more serious. The utilization of biomass energy not only can promote low-carbon transformation to establish a competitive advantage through value creation under the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality but is also an important force in solving environmental problems. Government subsidy policies play an important role in promoting the development of biomass energy utilization. Taking straw as an example, this paper constructs a straw recycling supply chain system dynamics model consisting of farmers, acquisition stations, power plants, and pyrolysis plants based on a real-world case. Two types of straw processing, namely power generation and pyrolysis, are considered in the model. This paper analyzes the economic and environmental impacts of three subsidy policies, namely the unified rate policy, the linear growth policy, and a two-step policy, by comparing the profit, carbon, and pollution emission reduction benefits of the supply chain under different subsidy scenarios. The result shows that, among the three subsidy policies, the unified rate policy shows the best-promoting effect. The research results and policy implications in this paper could be a reference for governments trying to formulate subsidy policies for developing biomass energy utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Straw, which is characterized by its low cost, large quantity, and rich supply of biomass energy, is often converted into energy that can be utilized in industrial production through pyrolysis technology. This paper examines the pyrolysis experiments of four kinds of straw (rice, wheat, peanut, and corn) from the Henan Province of China, conducted in an air environment with varying temperature-rise rates. Based on the experimental results, an analysis was conducted on the effect of the rate of temperature rise on the degree of straw pyrolysis and the pyrolysis characteristics of each type of straw. The activation energies of the pyrolysis reactions were calculated utilizing the Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS), Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO), and Starink methods. It was concluded that the pyrolysis process of all four types of straw could roughly be classified into three stages: dehydration and drying stage, volatile release stage, and carbonization stage. Among the four types of straw evaluated, rice straw exhibited the most favorable combustion performance, while wheat straw demonstrated the best pyrolysis effect. Increasing the heating rate resulted in a pronounced thermal hysteresis effect during the straw's pyrolysis, as evidenced by the TG and DTG curves shifting toward higher temperatures. The reaction speed increased as the heating rate increased, and the amount of residual carbon displayed an upward trend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to present the advances related to the biotechnological application of lipases Y. lipolytica, presenting their properties and more efficient ways to use them in different industrial applications. Waste treatment and bioremediation highlight recent studies and advances and the interest in large-scale applications in the food sector and biofuel production. The USA and China, two major world powers in industy, are of utmost importance in the search for the improvement in the development and properties of a controlled system for the large-scale production of a significant number of applications of lipase from Y. lipolytica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides information on the undergraduate research papers on agricultural and applied economics that secured second and third place. Zeke Bryant of University of Georgia, secured second place for "An Analysis of U.S. Tariffs on Chinese Solar Cells." Heather Hatzenbuhler of University of Georgia, secured third place for his research on "Biofuels: Rational, Policy Failures and a Way Forward for the State of Georgia."

This work investigates the decarbonization potential of large-scale implementation of BECCS (in the form of biomass co-firing and post-combustion amine-based CO2 capture) in over 150 existing coal-fired power plants in China, combining GIS-based geospatial analysis of biomass availability from agricultural residues and modelling of the techno-environmental performance of the retrofitted power plants. Using a 500-m resolution map of cropland in China, the availability of residual biomass at a radius of 25–100 km from each power plant is estimated. The biomass yield is then matched with the required input for a set of co-firing scenarios, identified by the optimal mix of different co-firing ratios (10%, 25%, and 40%) and increasing % of total plant's capacity to be retrofitted with the chosen BECCS system. Power generation performance and required biomass for the retrofitted plants are modelled in the Integrated Environmental Control Model (IECM). According to the results, the total decarbonization potential of the modelled large-scale implementation of BECCS ranges from 0.3 to 1.8 Gt CO2/yr (15–81% of BAU emissions), depending on the biomass collection radius. The Chinese provinces of Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, and Henan have the most potential for BECCS implementation, while coal-rich regions (e.g. Inner Mongolia) or highly developed coastal areas (Guangdong, Zhejiang) are constrained by local biomass availability. Overall, this work demonstrates the significant potential of the sustainable large-scale implementation of BECCS in China and provides suggestions to policymakers to include this technology in the portfolio of solutions towards carbon neutrality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to achieve the goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutralization, we must vigorously develop renewable energy. As one of the important renewable energy sources, the development and utilization of biomass energy has a high cost, and it is difficult to compete with traditional fossil energy in the early stage of development. Therefore, it is necessary for the government to escort the development of the biomass energy industry through legal means. First of all, on the basis of fully analyzing the development prospects of China's biomass energy, the article sorts out the laws and regulations related to biomass energy in China, and finds the shortcomings. Secondly, this paper draws on the institutional experience of the United States, Brazil, Sweden and other countries with relatively developed biomass energy industry, and provides suggestions for improvement from three aspects: law, policy and administrative system, with a view to supporting China's development of biomass energy industry and realizing the "dual carbon target" theoretically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Straw is considered to be a renewable resource for bioenergy and biomaterial. However, about 70% of straw is burned in fields, which causes serious air pollution in China. In this study, a life cycle assessment (LCA) model, together with emergy evaluation, was built to compare four straw applications after harvest vs. direct burning, including bioethanol (BE), combined heat and power plant (CHP), corrugated base paper (CP), and medium-density fiberboard (MDF). The results showed that BE and MDF would avoid greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 82% and 36%, respectively, while CHP and CP would emit 57% and 152% more GHG, respectively, compared with direct straw burning. Bioethanol had the highest renewability indicator (RI) of 47.7%, and MDF obtained the greatest profit of 657 Yuan·bale-1. The applications CHP and CP had low RI (< 10.3%) and profit (< 180 Yuan·bale-1). Due to water recycling and electrical power as a coproduct, BE had the lowest value (3 ? 1011 sej·Yuan-1) of EmPM (emergy per unit money profit); the EmPM value of CP was 18.6 times higher than that of BE. The four straw applications would also greatly reduce particles emission (57 to 98%) to air. BE was judged to be the most environmentally friendly application among the four straw applications. Imposing a carbon tax would encourage investment in BE, but discourage the applications CHP and CP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy consumption and CO2 emissions have been increasing continuously over the past few decades in China and there is a pressing need to replace the fossil fuel‐based economy with an efficient low‐carbon system, tailor‐made to future requirements. China is starting an energy transition with the aim of building an energy system for the future. China has made tremendous progress in increasing the amount of renewable energy and reducing the cost of renewable energy over the last 20 years. According to the 14th 5 year plan, China aims to incorporate 20% of renewable energy to the primary energy mix and attain 27% reduction in CO2 emissions. Bioenergy crops constitute a significant proportion of biomass‐based bioenergy and have recently been promoted by the Chinese Government to help overcome food and fuel conflict. Steps are being taken to promote bioenergy crops on marginal lands in China, and various regions across the country with soil marginality have been evaluated for bioenergy crop cultivation. The present paper reviews the status of bioenergy in China and the potential status of marginal lands from different regions of China. It also elaborates on some of the policies, subsidies and incentives allocated by the Chinese Government for the promotion of biomass‐based energy. Land management and plant improvement strategies were discussed, which are effective in making marginal lands suitable for bioenergy crop cultivation. Managing planting strategies, intercropping and crop rotation are effective management practices used in China for the utilization of marginal lands. A national investigation is desirable for creating an inventory of technical and economic potential of biomass feedstocks that could be planted on marginal lands. This would assist with highlighting the pros and cons of using marginal lands for bioenergy production and effective policy making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global efforts to develop renewable energy include a focus on biofuels, especially algal‐based biofuels. As the world's largest developing country, China is striving to develop a range of renewable energy sources. Here, we performed an informatics analysis to monitor the development of microalgal biofuels in China by analyzing energy policies related to microalgal biomass and biofuel production and funding inputs and scientific research projects in this field. China has already made substantial contributions to the microalgal biofuel industry worldwide. Despite recent declines in research and investment due to the overall economic environment, microalgal energy research and applications technologies have tremendous prospects. We summarize progress in research on microalgal biomass and biofuel production, focusing on microalgal culture patterns and the production of energy, including efforts in China to promote the industrialization of microalgal biofuels. Finally, we explore possible solutions to bottlenecks that must be overcome before microalgal biofuels can be widely used and discuss future prospects. In addition to serving as a theoretical reference for researchers and decision makers in China and beyond, the information presented in this review article can be used to guide the industrialization of microalgal‐based biofuel production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Minimum volume of straw should be retained in collecting wheat straw in order to obtain sustainable agricultural biomass energy and measure the energy utilization potential of wheat straw when considering ecological balance. Based on relevant literature, this paper calculates the minimum, medium, and maximum volume of wheat straw retention in various types of soil and designs three different scenarios of minimum, medium, and maximum wheat straw retention. Taking Henan province in China as a case, this paper calculates the potential of wheat straw for energy utilization using linear regression method and scenario analysis, with consideration of influencing factors such as the harvest coefficient and combustion ratio of wheat straw. The results show that the energy utilization potential of wheat straw in Henan province in 2020, 2030, 2050 are 13.77, 16.48, 22.54 million tons of coal equivalent (TCEs), respectively, in the minimum retention scenario, assuming that wheat straw is not directly used for combustion. Excessive straw left in the field causes resource waste and produces CH4 and other greenhouse gases. This paper finds that energy potential of wheat straw for energy utilization is limited when ecological balance is considered, however, it is beneficial to the sustainable development of crop biomass energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black carbon (BC) aerosols have a considerable impact on humans because they not only cause environmental pollution and reduce visibility but also harm human health. During the heating season in northern China, a large amount of coal is burned for heating, producing a large amount of BC. There are few studies on BC properties during the heating season. In this paper, BC is measured optically, so it is referred to as equivalent black carbon (EBC). This paper investigated EBC properties in depth during the heating and nonheating seasons of a typical urban environment in China with two years of EBC measurements. The results show that: (1) EBC aerosol concentrations during the heating season were significantly higher than those during the nonheating season. (2) The main sources of EBC aerosols throughout the year are liquid sources. During the heating season, solid sources (coal and biomass combustion) are dominant. (3) The proportion of brown carbon (BrC) produced by biomass energy during the heating season is greater than that during the nonheating season. (4) The resulting backward trajectory indicates that a large portion of the high EBC aerosol concentration sources originate from northern and northwestern China. Our results reveal that the characteristics and sources of EBC in the urban environment of northern China vary widely, suggesting that different measures should be taken to reduce BC aerosol concentrations during heating and nonheating seasons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes the network data envelopment analysis (DEA) model accounting for negative externalities and applies it for decomposition of profit inefficiency in the biomass-agriculture circular system (Bio-AG system). A circular structure of the Bio-AG system which is different from the previously applied network structures is assumed. Since the negative externalities (i.e., pollutant emissions from the biomass industry) occur in the Bio-AG system, the property rights are taken into consideration to model the externalities-adjusted profits. Therefore, the changes in profits due to changes in the property rights (assuming no property rights, allocating property rights to agricultural sector, and allocating property rights to biomass power generation sector) are quantified. Further, the decomposition shows that the biomass power generation sector is less affected by technical inefficiency if contrasted to allocative inefficiency in terms of the profit loss. The findings suggest that the biomass power generation technology influences the profits of the biomass industry. What is more, the inefficient allocation of resources is now the key factor undermining performance of the biomass industry. Therefore, the government should adopt measures to improve the allocation of resources and prevent excessive investments or development of less efficient technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chinese herbal medicine has a long history spanning more than 2000 years, and it is widely used to prevent and treat diseases in China and even in Southeast Asia. Given the popularity of Chinese herbal medicine and the continuous development of the pharmaceutical industry, large amounts of Chinese medicine residues are produced in China every year. Chinese medicine residues are mainly made up of medicinal plant materials intended for human utilization that are subsequently discharged, lost, degraded or contaminated. The traditional methods of disposal of Chinese medicine residues include incineration, stacking and burying. However, these methods not only affect the ecological environment but also cause a great waste of Chinese medicine residues. In the past few years, the utilization of Chinese medicine residues for industry and environment protection has aroused widespread concern. Extensive studies have explored Chinese medicine residues, especially with regard to energy generation applications. In this work, the origin, chemical composition and potential of Chinese medicine residues in terms of energy generation, paper making, composite material preparation, re-extraction of bioactive components and environmental protection are summarized. This review is aimed at providing an overview of the current progress on the utilization of Chinese medicine residues for industry and environment protection and discussing the existing problems and future development. • Developing biomass energy is a promising solution for Chinese medicine residue. • Chinese medicine residue is a potential material for producing paper and composite. • Re-extraction of bioactive components is necessary for Chinese medicine residue. • Chinese medicine residue can be used to curb environmental pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we develop an agent-based model to explore a feasible way of simultaneously providing sufficient food and bioenergy feedstocks in China. Concerns over the competition for agricultural land resources between food and bioenergy supply hinder the further development of bioenergy, especially in China, the country that needs tofeed the world's largest population. Prior research has suggested the introduction of energy crops and reviewed the resulting agricultural land use change in China. However, there is a lack of quantitative studies which estimate the value, contribution, and impact of bioenergy for specific conditions at the county level and provide adequate information to guide local practices. Tofill this gap, we choose the Jiangsu Province in China as a case study, build up a spatial-agent dynamic model of agricultural land use, and perform a sensitivity analysis for important parameters. The simulation results show that straw from conventional crops generally dominates Jiangsu's biomass supply with a contribution above 85%. The sensitivity analyses reveal severe consequences of bioenergy targets for local land use. For Jiangsu Province, reclaimed mudflats, an alternative to arable lands for energy crop plantation, help to secure the local biomass supply and to alleviate the land use conflict between food and biomass production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of the most important renewable and sustainable energy sources, the forest biomass energy resource has always been the focus of attention of scholars and policy makers. However, its potential is still uncertain in China, especially with respect to its spatial distribution. In this paper, the quantity and distribution of Chinese forest biomass energy resources are explored based mainly on forestry statistics data rather than forest resource inventory data used by most previous studies. The results show that the forest biomass energy resource in China was 169 million tons in 2010, of which wood felling and bucking residue (WFBR),wood processing residue (WPR), bamboo processing residue, fuel wood and firewood used by farmers accounted for 38%, 37%, 6%, 4% and 15%, respectively. The highest resource was located in East China, accounting for nearly 39.0% of the national amount, followed by the Southwest and South China regions, which accounted for 17.4% and 16.3%, respectively. At the provincial scale, Shandong has the highest distribution, accounting for 11.9% of total resources, followed by Guangxi and Fujian accounting for 10.3% and 10.2%, respectively. The actual wood-processing residue (AWPR) estimated from the actual production of different wood products (considering the wood transferred between regions) showed apparent differences from the local wood processing residue (LWPR), which assumes that no wood has been transferredbetween regions. Due to the large contribution of WPR to total forestry bioenergy resources, the estimation of AWPR will provide a more accurate evaluation of the total amount and the spatial distribution of forest biomass energy resources in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomass energy is one of the most important renewable energy sources. Full utilization of this energy helps to optimize agricultural development, improve our living environment, and replace some non-renewable energy sources, thereby promoting the eco-environment across the country. However, biomass energy has not been extensively utilized in rural areas of China. Many farmers are not very enthusiastic about the use of biomass energy. Many scholars have tried to boost the willingness of farmers to utilize biomass energy. Therefore, this paper collects the relevant data from six aspects, namely, environmental factor, cost factor, income factor, behavior factor, policy factor, and personal factor, and constructs a binary logistic regression model. On this basis, the driving and influencing factors of biomass energy utilization were empirically analyzed from the perspective of farmers. The results show that the development of biomass energy is mainly affected by the farmers' awareness of national energy strategy, the relevant costs of biomass utilization, and the attitude of family members and village committee. The research provides an important reference for further promotion of biomass energy, elevation of its utilization efficiency, and optimization of energy structure in rural China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a major technical route to utilize biomass energy, biomass combustion power generation (BCPG) has been shown to be of environmental and economic significance. According to the operating experience, the installed capacity has a decisive impact on the operation and economic return of BCPG projects. In China, an installed capacity of either 30 MW or 12 MW is often chosen for constructing a BCPG project. To explore which one is more suitable for China, this paper uses actual operating data to compare the operation performance and techno-economics of two representative BCPG projects with an installed capacity of 30 MW and 12 MW. The results show that the operation situation and electricity production of the 30 MW project are better than those of the 12 MW project. The 30 MW project has a lower biomass consumption than the 12 MW project to produce per unit of electricity. The Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of the 30 MW project is greater than the industry benchmark in China and is almost three times the IRR of the 12 MW project. Therefore, it is recommended to construct BCPG projects with installed capacity of 30 MW in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small-scale bio-energy projects have been launched in rural areas of China and are considered as alternatives to fossil-fuel energy. However, energetic and environmental evaluation of these projects has rarely been carried out, though it is necessary for their long-term development. A village-level biomass gasification project provides an example. A hybrid life-cycle assessment (LCA) of its total nonrenewable energy (NE) cost and associated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is presented in this paper. The results show that the total energy cost for one joule of biomass gas output from the project is 2.93 J, of which 0.89 J is from nonrenewable energy, and the related GHG emission cost is 1.17 × 10-4 g CO2-eq over its designed life cycle of 20 years. To provide equivalent effective calorific value for cooking work, the utilization of one joule of biomass gas will lead to more life cycle NE cost by 0.07 J and more GHG emissions by 8.92 × 10-5 g CO2-eq compared to natural gas taking into consideration of the difference in combustion efficiency and calorific value. The small-scale bio-energy project has fallen into dilemma, i.e., struggling for survival, and for a more successful future development of village-level gasification projects, much effort is needed to tide over the plight of its development, such as high cost and low efficiency caused by decentralized construction, technical shortcomings and low utilization rate of by-products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Energy is important for China and for the whole world. Previously, the huge investment in energy-related research and commercialisation made it possible for China to cooperate with its international partners in various channels, and programs involving international cooperation and co-published papers increased annually. In this paper, through the review of intergovernmental cooperation programs and bibliometric analysis of the top energy journals, it was found that: (1) intergovernmental cooperation and non-governmental cooperation are two effective channels for energy R&D. (2) In these two channels, most participants of international cooperation are universities and institutes, and the most important partner countries are the US, Japan, and European Countries. (3) Industries began to be involved in international cooperation gradually. (4) For different areas, the degree of cooperation is not the same. Some areas have been more fruitful in cooperation, some are just beginning hydrogen energy, fuel energy and applied energy are the main co-publication areas with Chinese involvement; while wind energy, solar energy, fuel cells and bio-energy are new areas for China and there has not been so much co-publication until now. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Microalgal biofuel research in China has made noticeable progress, and algae cultivation for biofuel production is considered to be an important contribution to Greenhouse Gas (GHG) mitigation and energy security. In this paper, the algal biofuel potentiality in China was reviewed from the points of view of algal biodiversity, algal culture collection, GHGs (especially CO2) mitigation, and the availability of the required sunlight, wastewater and land resources. The cultivation of microalgae utilizing power plants gas with large amounts of CO2 and wastewaters from urban households, industry and animal husbandry are suitable for large scale production in China. Land is hardly a limitation for algae cultivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid progress of socio-economic development and urbanization in China, a wide variety of literature has focused on the phenomenon of energy-consumption disparity, which in turn could be related to numerous fundamental energy dilemmas that China must deal with now or soon, including energy use inefficiency, regional energy shortage, insufficient use of green energy, etc. However, in most cases, only a tendency scenario is discussed, while identifying which factors are more likely to affect the improvement of energy supply/use has not yet been fully explored. Therefore, this paper attempts to explore differences in energy consumption in specific, household-level aspects. Based on the information provided by Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS2015), the Gini coefficient and the Lorentz asymmetry coefficient are used to measure the difference among various categories of energy type and end use within and between different geographical sub-groups. The findings show that: (1) household energy-consumption behaviors exhibit a complicated effect on the overall level of energy-consumption difference; (2) from the supply side, energy users show the most significant difference in biomass energy consumption, while from the demand side, the contribution of space heating to the difference in total energy consumption is the highest; (3) a great urban–rural difference in energy consumption is generally observed with its difference within rural areas being much greater than in urban areas; (4) the eastern, middle and western regions weight differently in explaining the overall difference of energy consumption. These findings provide meaningful materials and references for policymakers in China to understand the overall situation of individual energy consumption to a great extent, and to locate key points to reform the current energy policy framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With rapid economic development and tremendous population growth, emerging economies are facing huge pressure to conserve energy and reduce emissions. Although governmental authorities have formulated numerous relevant policies, a considerable number of farmers have yet to actively take energy-saving measures. Consequently, it is imperative to investigate how institutions (i.e., environmental regulations and informal institutions) affect the clean energy utilization behaviors (CEUBs) of farmers (e.g., biomass energy, natural gas, and solar energy) for better aligning governance strategies. Drawing on institutional theory, we explore the underlying influencing mechanisms of the institutional constraints on farmers' CEUBs using survey data collected from Central China. The double hurdle model results reveal that both environmental regulations (e.g., incentivizing regulations, binding regulations) and informal institutions (e.g., value orientation) have positive impacts on farmers' adoption of CEUBs. Informal institutions were found to have stronger influences on farmers' CEUBs than formal regulations. Interestingly, the interactions between two institutional constraints primarily have substitutionary effects on the natural gas and solar energy using behaviors of farmers. The interaction effects of the two institutional constraints on biomass energy using behavior are complementary. Consequently, this study sheds new light on guiding farmer CEUBs and better aligning formal and informal energy strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent times, there has been a growing demand for the use of biomass as an alternative energy due to its sustainable nature. At present, anaerobic digestion and gasification has been proven as a promising technology for exploiting this energy from biomass. This review aims to provide a comprehensive and detailed analysis of the combination of anaerobic and gasification technology as a hybrid system for sustainable waste-to-energy generation. This review reveals that both anaerobic digestion and biomass gasification have been successfully demonstrated as technologies for energy recovery. However, to improve the conversion efficiency in both technologies, the utilization of an intensifier, additive, and enhancer will be required. Moreover, temperature has been identified as a major factor affecting the technologies and should be considered. The bibliometric study conducted revealed that China is the leading country and has set the pace for other countries to follow suit. Subsequently, waste-to-energy research could be easily implemented on a global scale. This study recommends an experimental study of anaerobic digestion and gasification as a hybrid system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lignocellulosic biomasses are used in several applications, such as energy production, materials, and biofuels. These applications result in increased consumption and waste generation of these materials. However, alternative uses are being developed to solve the problem of waste generated in the industry. Thus, research is carried out to ensure the use of these biomasses as enzymatic support. These surveys can be accompanied using the advanced bibliometric analysis tool that can help determine the biomasses used and other perspectives on the subject. With this, the present work aims to carry out an advanced bibliometric analysis approaching the main studies related to the use of lignocellulosic biomass as an enzymatic support. This study will be carried out by highlighting the main countries/regions that carry out productions, research areas that involve the theme, and future trends in these areas. It was observed that there is a cooperation between China, USA, and India, where China holds 28.07% of publications in this area, being the country with the greatest impact in the area. Finally, it is possible to define that the use of these new supports is a trend in the field of biotechnology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of global climate change and energy security pressures, biomass power generation has been regarded as an effective way to supplement the energy supply, reduce fossil fuel consumption, and alleviate environmental pollutants. This paper presents an integrated modeling framework to address the regional biomass power generation planning to facilitate biomass utilization in developing countries. By combining the geographic information system, multi-criteria decision-making approach, as well as the type-2 fuzzy inexact programming method, the proposed integrated framework could assist the optimal decision-making for the specific site and size selection of biomass power plants in the whole region as well as the optimal operation strategies under deep uncertainties. The proposed modeling framework is applied to the particular context of Henan, an agricultural province in China with great biomass potential. The results suggested that biomass power plants with a total capacity of 2.4 GW could be established, which could satisfy 6% of local electricity consumption and avoid 18.51 Mt of carbon emissions. The sensitivity analysis of the main economic parameters indicated that lower investment and operation costs were essential to stimulate the utilization of local biomass energy. A higher feed-in tariff is not encouraged due to the limited incentive effect but is a heavy burden for the government. Furthermore, the optimal strategies for biomass power generation planning under uncertainties could be suggested for different decision makers with various risk preferences to achieve a tradeoff between system cost and risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an improved hybrid MADM method based on interval Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) and interval regret theory are put forward to evaluate five renewable energy alternatives for Fujian province, China. Firstly, the volatility of the evaluation information and the subjectivity of experts or stakeholders are taken into account. Second, political factors are further considered based on existing research. Third, the influence of the subjective initiative of decision makers on the decision result has been paid attention to. Furthermore, the result of the analysis shows that the extended regret theory method should set different parameters to reflect the preferences of decision makers. The ranking results of renewable energy are different with different parameter settings. For example, when α = 0.1 , δ = 0.1 , the priority of clean energy in Fujian Province is hydropower, followed by wind energy, solar energy, geothermal energy, and biomass energy. Sensitivity analysis indicates that the model possesses good serviceability. Based on considering different parameter settings, the Fujian government should invest, in order of priority, in these renewable energy sources to obtain benefits. And the projects related to these renewable energy sources should be evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomass is the fourth largest energy source in the world; it is easy to store and can be converted into various kinds of renewable energies. The biomass cogeneration system is an important way to utilize biomass energy, especially in northern China. At present, there are many problems in biomass power plants in China, such as high latent heat loss of chimney and cooling towers, low power generation efficiency, and thermal efficiency. In order to solve this problem, this paper introduces low vacuum circulating water heating technology in the biomass cogeneration system, and expounds the differences between China and Western countries in biomass power plants. Based on this background, the technology is redesigned and reformed to make it more suitable for the biomass fuel varieties in the power plant location, and realize the localization of technology and the expansion of scale. The application of this improved technology in China's biomass cogeneration project is analyzed. Based on the biomass cogeneration project in the DC County of China, the analysis confirms that the designed low vacuum circulating water heating technology is suitable for biomass power generation projects with agricultural and forestry wastes as raw materials, and its application can greatly improve the heat utilization efficiency of the whole cogeneration system. At the same time, in order to estimate the possibility of profitable investment when the key financial parameters change, the financial risk is analyzed. The results show that the probability of 90% net present value (NPV) in 15 years is between 355.28 million RMB and 623.96 million RMB, and the internal rate of return can reach 17.7%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has abundant biomass resources, which are difficult to collect and thus are underutilized. However, the potential estimation of biomass energy can result in a comprehensive understanding of bioenergy resources in order to establish a technology roadmap for the region's bioenergy development. Therefore, it is essential to estimate the potential of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei biomass resources and bioenergy utilization. In this paper, the amount of main biomass resources for possible energy use and bioenergy utilization are calculated based on a statistical data estimation method for crop residues; human, poultry, and livestock manure; and municipal solid wastes. On the basis of biomass resources and bioenergy utilization potential, the technology roadmap is established. The results show that the amount for available biomass energy use is unevenly distributed in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and the largest amount of resources is crop residues (36.52 million tons or 18.26 million tons coal equivalent). The biogas from human, poultry, and livestock manure and densified solids from crop residue technology roadmap is suitable for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The biomass stoves have been applied thousands of years in Chinese rural areas, while the thermal efficiency of the traditional biomass stove is low and redundant heat is utilized inadequately. In this paper, the multifunctional biomass stove which has the heat collector inside was designed and transformed based on the structure analysis of the traditional biomass stoves. Furthermore, the related performance indicators were proposed, which are applicable for the multifunctional biomass stove. In addition, the multifunctional biomass stove was compared with the traditional biomass stove in the thermal performance by testing. The results which were obtained by synthesizing the performance indicators showed that the thermal efficiency of the multifunctional biomass stove was 30.79% higher than the traditional biomass stove based on the kang surface temperature. The multifunctional biomass stove had a preferable thermal performance than the traditional biomass stove. Thus, the multifunctional biomass stove can reduce the energy consumption and is applicable in rural buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomass, such as agricultural straw, can be converted into briquette fuel using technology to expand the possible applications of biomass and improve biomass utilization efficiency. The major machines required in a briquette fuel system, such as those used for drying, chopping, briquetting, and cooling, have become more efficient. However, a biomass briquetting fuel system requires special machines to reach a high character index, and all units in the system must match and be combined to produce an optimum system that satisfies multiple objectives, such as economy, environmental protection, stability, and large-scale operation. In this paper, a mathematical model for a synthesized evaluation was established according to theories of grey relational analysis (GRA) and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). This model was used to select a biomass briquette fuel (BBF) system scheme considering hierarchies of economy, cleanliness and environmental protection, production capacity, product quality, and production stability, along with 20 other indices, including capital investment, dust content, drying capability, briquette rate, and the machine repair cycle. The most significant factors influencing each hierarchy were analyzed using a sensitivity analysis. Based on the GRA and AHP theories, an optimal scheme was selected for a fully operational 2 × 10 4 t/a cornstalk briquette fuel plant in China. The optimum scheme included six sets of briquetting machines with a capacity of 2 t/h + three sets of chopping machines with a capacity of 5 t/h + six sets of drying machines with a capability of 2 t/h + 1 set of cooling machines with a capacity of 12 t/h. The evaluated indices and weight coefficients were chosen objectively, and the comprehensive and technical performances of the selected BBF system scheme improved. These results provide a reference for the scheme selection and operation of large-scale BBF systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spatial distribution of biomass resources is not uniform. At present, the zoning of biomass energy development suitability is primarily based on resource potential, whereas energy demand is ignored as an important factor affecting the degree of local energy self-sufficiency. Under the constraints of high transportation costs, solar energy with low geographical constraints can be a supplementary energy source for biomass despite its instability. Based on the energy utilization potential of solar energy and biomass resources, this paper evaluates the energy surplus factor (ratio of renewable resource potential to energy demand) of each city in the study area, takes meeting the specific energy surplus factor as the construction prerequisites of biomass combined heat and power (CHP) plants, calculates the biomass resource utilization rate and energy surplus factor in the study area under different conditions, and provides zoning suggestions and data reference for the unified planning of biomass CHP plants. The minimum energy surplus factor that is suitable for the development of biomass energy is set as the construction threshold of biomass CHP plants (The construction threshold is the minimum condition for the construction of biomass CHP plants. Only areas where the energy surplus factor reaches the preset construction threshold are allowed to build biomass CHP plants). The results show that the construction threshold is negatively correlated with the utilization rate of biomass resources. When the construction threshold is less than 1.4, the utilization rate of biomass resources decreases rapidly with the increase of the construction threshold; when the construction threshold is greater than 1.4, the utilization rate of biomass resources decreases slowly and tends to be flat. It is suggested that biomass resources should be developed in different regions and in stages, and priority should be given to developing areas with an energy surplus factor greater than 1.4. Areas with an energy surplus factor of 0.3–1.4 are considered secondary development areas, and areas with an energy surplus factor of less than 0.3 are not recommended for development; these can meet 31% and 59% of the total energy demand and reduce 50319380 tons and 180524400 tons carbon emissions so that the limited construction cost can meet higher energy demand and biomass resource utilization. • Priority development areas are identified based on solar and biomass potential. • Energy surplus factor is calculated to determine the development suitability. • Strategies for zoning and phased planning of biomass resources are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China is a large agricultural country, where agricultural activities and rural life cause a large amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In the process of crop growth, production, and processing, a large number of crop straws and agricultural wasted products are produced, which become one of the important sources of biomass resources. However, few detailed studies focused on the potential of China's agricultural biomass energy conversion and carbon emission reduction, and fewer studies proposed GHG emission reduction strategies from the perspective of making full use of China's agricultural waste resources. In this study, the quantity calculation index of agricultural biomass energy was given, and the GHG emission reduction potential calculation index of agricultural biomass energy was constructed, with which the amount of GHG emissions caused by agricultural waste use in China was measured and the potential of GHG emission reduction caused by agricultural waste use would be easily speculated. Based on the statistical data of China, the quantity and GHG emission reduction potential of agricultural biomass resources in China in the recent 10 years (2009∼2018) were clarified. According to the research, the amount of agricultural waste equivalent to standard coal in China from 2009 to 2018 reached 280,0711 million tons. If all these resources were used to replace coal, a total of 4,474,483 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions could be saved. Assuming that these wastes are anaerobic, carbonized, or fully burned as fuel, CH4 emissions could be reduced by up to 12.024 million tons and N2O emissions by up to 185,000 tons. It can be seen that the effective utilization of agricultural biomass resources can replace coal, reduce backwardness such as land burning, and then reduce CO2, CH4, N2O, and other greenhouse gas emissions, and promote the realization of carbon peak and carbon neutrality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land use and cover change is the key factor affecting terrestrial carbon stocks and their dynamics not only in regional ecosystems but also in urbanized areas. Using the typical fast-growing city of Changzhou, China as a case study, this paper explored the relationships between terrestrial carbon stocks and land cover within an urbanized area. The main objectives were to assess variation in biomass and soil carbon stocks across terrestrial land covers with different intensities of urban development, and quantify spatial distribution and dynamic variation of terrestrial carbon stocks in response to urban land use and cover change. On the basis of accurate spatial datasets derived from a series of Landsat TM images during the years 1986 to 2011 and reliable estimates of urban biomass and soil carbon stocks using the InVEST model, our results showed that carbon stocks per unit area in terrestrial land covers decreased with increasing intensity of urban development. Urban land use and cover change and sealing of the soil surface created hotspots for losses in carbon stocks. Total carbon stocks in Changzhou decreased by about 30% during the past 25 years, representing a 1.5% average annual decrease. We suggested potential policy measures to mitigate negative effects of land use and cover change on carbon stocks in urbanized areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improvement of recovery rates is crucial for the supply chain management of waste cooking oil-to-biofuel conversion. This paper constructs a dynamic game model between biofuel enterprises and recyclers to compare the recycling modes and recycling rate decisions of waste cooking oil-to-biofuel conversion in China and Japan. Results demonstrate that: (1) the recovery rate of Chinese mode with recyclers as price leader is not necessarily lower than that of Japanese mode theoretically, indicating that the collection-storage-transportation integrated mode in several cities led by Chinese government may not be the optimal choice. (2) The subsidies for recyclers have insignificant impact on recovery rate, while the subsidies for biofuel enterprises can significantly improve the recovery rate. (3) Decreasing difficulty coefficient and expanding the market size can greatly improve the recovery rate. Therefore, reforming the beneficiary of subsidies, improving the recycling infrastructure, implementing strict technical and administrative control and creative sales policy of biofuel finished products may benefit the recovery rate in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: China’s forest bioenergy policies are evolving against the backdrop of pressing national energy challenges similar to those faced by OECD countries, and chronic rural energy challenges more characteristic of developing countries. Modern forest bioenergy could contribute to solutions to both of these challenges. However, because of limitations in current technologies and institutions, significant policy and resource commitments would be required to make breakthroughs in either commercializing forest bioenergy or modernizing rural energy systems in China. Given the potential attention, funding, and resource trade-offs between these two goals, we provide an argument for why the focus of China’s forest bioenergy policy should initially be on addressing rural energy challenges. The paper concludes with a discussion on strategies for laying the groundwork for a modern, biomass-based energy infrastructure in rural China. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper develops three scenarios for the management of an existing, low productivity, collective forest plot in Southwest China: continuation of the status quo, transition to sustainable forest management (SFM), and conversion to a short rotation species for producing biomass for electricity generation. We examine how economic incentives vary across the three scenarios and how payments for CO2 sequestration and offsets affect incentives. We find that SFM is risky for forest managers and is highly sensitive to revenues from initial thinning; that carbon revenues can lower some of the risks and improve the economics of SFM; but that carbon revenues are effective in incentivizing management changes only if yield response to thinning is moderately high. Energy production from stem wood is too low value to compete with timber, even with revenues from CO2 offsets. However, conversion of existing forests into short rotation species for timber rather than energy is more profitable than any scenario considered here, highlighting the need for regulatory innovations to balance incentives for timber production with conservation goals. The results underscore the importance of improved public sector regulatory, planning, extension, and analysis capacity, as an enabling force for effective climate policies in China’s forestry sector. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The coal industry is an essential energy industry in China. From 2008 to 2020, the global economic crisis, the policy of de-capacity, and the decline of the coal industry all profoundly affected the development of coal mining areas. This paper combined emergy synthesis and super-efficiency Slacks-Based Measure-Data Envelopment Analysis (SBM-DEA) considering undesirable output to evaluate the eco-efficiency in the Longkou coal mining area's circular economy industrial chain from 2008 to 2020. This research finds that the eco-efficiency in the coal mining area was 0.73 in 2008 and then showed an upward trend from 2008 to 2020. The eco-efficiency was relatively effective in 2011, 2013–2016, 2018–2020. Due to the progress in mining technology and the decline in waste emission, the eco-efficiency showed an upward trend, and the peak eco-efficiency value was 1.26 in 2019. The circular industrial chain contributed a lot to the high eco-efficiency in general. The eco-efficiency in 2012, 2017 was low owing to the recession of the coal industry and the overcapacity of coal. According to the analysis results, the coal mining areas should develop circular economy, cleaner production, and extend the circular economy industrial chain. In addition, the coal mining areas ought to expand enterprise-scale, develop new energy industries (e.g., biomass energy, wind energy, photovoltaic power generation). • Evaluated eco-efficiency in the coal mining area's circular economy industrial chain. • Emergy synthesis combines undesirable super-efficiency SBM-DEA is verified. • Eco-efficiency showed an upward trend from 2008 to 2020. • The recession of coal industry and overcapacity of coal affected eco-efficiency. • Coal mining area should develop circular economy, cleaner production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Effective spatial planning is crucial for cost-effectively and sustainably developing biomass energy resources due to the diffuse nature of biomass and high transportation cost. Using the spatial analysis technology, economic models and scenario analysis, this paper presents a spatial planning framework to identify the appropriate developing areas of biomass energy at regional level. The methodology is applied in a case study of Fujian Province, China. Firstly, spatial distribution of two kinds of biomass resources and the technical potential, i.e. the amount of power generation from agricultural and forestry residues in each supply area, were estimated by incorporating the spatial data and the statistical data. The results indicate that total technical potential of agricultural and forestry residues is estimated at 25.13TWhy−1, equivalent to approximately 19% of total electricity consumption in Fujian in 2010. In the second step, the economic analysis assesses the cost of biomass generation for each supply area on the basis of current market conditions. Ranking of the supply areas is then performed by using the priority development index (PDI), which can measure the priority of each biomass supply area by combining several influencing indicators. Finally, the selection of supply areas for power plants can be carried out according to its order in PDI until the total planed capacity in the region is met. The priority of the subregions and the corresponding cost of biomass generation for different planning scenarios can be explicitly visualized. The methodology can be applied to a wide area and can support the local authorities to define and implement a strategy for future biomass energy development. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Biomass, a renewable, sustainable and carbon dioxide neutral resource, has received widespread attention in the energy market as an alternative to fossil fuels. Thermal–chemical conversion of biomass to produce biofuels is a promising technology with many commercial applications. This paper reviewed the state-of-the-art research and development of thermal–chemical conversion of biomass in China with a special focus on gasification, pyrolysis, and catalytic transformation technologies. The advantages and disadvantages, potential of future applications, and challenges related to these technologies are discussed. Conclusively, these transformation technologies for the second-generation biofuels with using non-edible lignocellulosic biomass as feedstocks show prosperous perspective for commercial applications in near future. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Pistacia chinensis Bunge is one of ideal species for producing biodiesel. The tree has several outstanding characters: drought resistance, tolerance to cold climate, poor, acid or alkaline soils and widely distributed in China. These characters make P. chinensis as a prospective energy plant of second generation to substitute fossil fuels, solve energy crisis and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, its basic agronomic properties, biological characters and the taxonomic classification of the species are less known. In this paper, we described its distribution, basic morphology and biological characteristics, multiple uses and problems for large scale cultivation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Recently, studies of microalgae in China have increased a lot because of their obvious advantages over other biological fuels. In this paper, the combustion behavior of Chlorella vulgaris (a genus of unicellular green microalgae) was investigated in a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) from room temperature to 800°C in O2/N2 atmospheres. The effects of different oxygen concentrations (20, 50, 60, 80vol.%) and different heating rates (10, 20 and 40°Cmin−1) on the combustion processes of C. vulgaris had been studied. The results indicated that the combustion processes of C. vulgaris could be divided into three stages. The oxygen concentrations and heating rates had important effects on the main combustion processes of C. vulgaris. The iso-conversional method involving Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO) and the Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS) methods were used for the kinetic analysis of the main combustion process. The results indicated that, when the oxygen concentration varied from 20 to 80vol.%, the value of activation energy increased respectively from 134.03 to 241.04kJmol−1 by using FWO method and from 134.53 to 242.33kJmol−1 by KAS method. Moreover, the optimal oxygen concentration for C. vulgaris combustion was 25–35vol.%. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Due to issues relating to the sustainability of biofuel production, second generation biofuel has attracted much attention. As a promising feedstock of second generation biodiesel, Jatropha curcas L. (JCL) is being massively planted on marginal land in China, but its viability as a biofuel source has not been systematically assessed. This paper performed a lifecycle assessment of the economic, environmental and energy (3E) performance of the JCL biodiesel, assuming JCL oil is either used for direct blending with diesel or further processed into JCL methyl ester (JME). The results show that, at the current technical levels, the production of JCL biodiesel is financially infeasible, but has positive environmental and energy performance. Despite the additional cost incurred in the transesterification process, the net present value of JME is slightly higher than that of JCL oil when a part of the cost is allocated to the co-product, i.e., glycerin. As compared with that of diesel, the production and consumption of per liter JCL oil and JME can reduce 7.34kg and 8.04kg CO2 equivalent, respectively. The energy balances of both JCL oil and JME are 1.57 and 1.47, respectively, in terms of the ratio of the heat value of biodiesel and that of energy input. The main factors affecting the 3E performance of JCL biodiesel are seed yield, co-product output, and farm energy input. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper assesses the sustainable biomass resource for energy in China. Assessment has been carried out for the following resources: (i) agricultural residues, (ii) forest residues, and (iii) municipal solid waste (MSW). The potential of each resource is estimated for the base years 2008, 2008, and 2007. The energy potentials of these resources in 2008, 2008, and 2007 are estimated to be 14.7, 3.9, and 0.2EJ, respectively. The total potential including the energy of 6.4EJ from the proposed low-input high-diversity (LIHD) grassland biomass on the untilled lands for the base years 1996 is equal to about 30.2% of China’s energy consumption in 2008. Furthermore it is projected that sustainable biomass use for energy will reduce net emissions of green house gases (GHG) of 3276.7 million tonnes, and help in emission-reduction target of China and the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Carbon emissions from rural energy combustion have not been successfully addressed in the existing accounting system since incomplete data of rural energy consumption and exclusion of emissions from combustion of biofuels in the sectoral or national totals to avoid double counting. Presented in this paper were estimations of CO2 emissions from fuel combustions in rural areas of China from 1979 to 2007 and analysis of their contributions to national energy related CO2 emissions, to highlight the important role rural energy plays in regard to climate change and potential capacity for carbon abatement in rural areas. The temporal variations of CO2 emission in rural areas was also analyzed with regard to total emissions, intensity and source structure, which could provide a novel perspective to our GHGs reduction strategies and related policy making. The results showed that the CO2 emissions in rural China have constantly increased from 8.89×108 tons in 1979 to 28.74×108 tons in 2007. Commercial energy has become the dominant force of CO2 emissions in rural China, most of which is mainly derived from the consumption of coal and electricity. The proportion of carbon emissions from rural areas to nationwide underwent an inverted U-curve trend if biomass energy was ignored, with a peak at 47.40% in 2000. The situation becomes absolutely different when considering about biomass. For a long time (from 1979 to 2001), rural energy related carbon emissions has maintained a greatly high proportion in total carbon emissions with a fluctuations between 45.13% and 56.31%. The proportion of carbon emission in rural areas has declined since 2002, but still up 40.99% in 2007. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: To meet the demand of its fast growing economy, China has become already the second largest buyer of crude oil. China is facing critical problems of energy shortage and environment deterioration. Rational and efficient energy use and environment protection are both getting more attention in China. Biomass energy is renewable energy made from biological sources. China''s biomass resources are abundant, which could provide energy for future social and economic development. However technologies for biomass resource conversion in China are still just beginning. In this paper, current biomass resource distribution and technologies of biomass energy, including power generation, biofuel production and biomass-based chemical production are reviewed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The current energy crisis is a worldwide problem, and developing energy from biomass is considered an effective partial solution. Sheyang Saltern is located in a coastal area in East China. The administration of saltern cooperated with our Halophyte Research Lab to create a Five-year Plan of Biomass Energy on Saline Land. In this plan, 3330ha of salt-tolerant oil plants will be planted on the coastal saline land in Sheyang Saltern, including 2664ha of Ricinus communis and 666ha of Kosteletzkya virginica (L.) presl. These plants will produce biomass energy from land that is not fit for common crops, and thus this plan will not affect crop production. Moreover, the biomass of plants will be fully utilized in a hierarchical way, guided by an ecological engineering design. Thus, more outputs and more profits will be gained by applying this plan. This study uses the emergy analysis to predict and analyze the saltern ecosystem''s ecological potential and compare it with an existing system founded in 2007, a 33.3ha field of the two plants in the saltern. Four main emergy indices of the two ecosystems, EYR, EIR, ELR and ESI, are calculated and compared. To better show the system''s ecological potential, we establish a new emergy index-potential yield ratio (PYR). PYR is designed to measure artificial ecosystems’ potential output capacity. It reflects a system''s potential to transform stored emergy into output emergy using ecological engineering technology. The value of the predicted system''s PYR is as great as 225, indicating that the system has a bright future to develop salt-tolerant oil plants. The system''s future ecological potential and additional ways to utilize the two plants – the use of ricin and tuberous roots, etc. are also discussed in this paper. Our results will be helpful to the government''s policy making, and provides useful information for enterprises. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The development of bio-fuel has attracted great attention from various countries, for it can solve the global energy crisis to some extent. However, due to the raw materials of bio-fuel are mainly maize, sugar cane and other crops, the development of bio-fuel industry will inevitably affect food security. This paper observes present studies on the effect of the development of bio-fuel from four aspects, that is, agricultural market, agricultural inputs, agricultural development and family welfare to make some basic work for China''s relevant research and provide reference for the introduction of China''s relevant policies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Energy plants are important resources for bioenergy. China has 1554 species of oil plants, including 154 species with oil content greater than 40% in seeds, and 30 species of shrubs or arbor plants with rich biofuel components. Most of these oil plants grow in the tropical and subtropical zones of China. The richness of oil plants decreases gradually from south to north, from east to west, as well as from lower to higher altitude. This paper focuses on the natural habitats of 10 main biofuel woody plant species and their potential for cultivation under a broad range of environmental conditions. Ecological zoning, availability of the land resources for these plants, and suggestions for developing energy plants were also discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]