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1. Gender Differences in Information Technology Usage: A U.S.-Japan Comparison. Working Paper 2004-2

Author

Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, Ono, Hiroshi, and Zavodny, Madeline

Abstract

This study examines whether there are differences in men's and women's use of computers and the Internet in the United States and Japan and how any such gender gaps have changed over time. The authors focus on these two countries because information technology is widely used in both, but there are substantial differences in institutions and social organizations. They use microdata from several surveys during the 1997-2001 period to examine differences and trends in computer and Internet usage in the two countries. Their results indicate that there were significant gender differences in computer and Internet usage in both countries during the mid-1990s. By 2001, these gender differences had disappeared or were even reversed in the United States but remained in Japan. People not currently working have lower levels of IT use and skills in both countries regardless of gender, but working women in Japan have lower levels of IT use and skills than working men, a difference that generally does not occur in the United States. This finding suggests that employment status per se does not play a large role in the gender gap in Japan, but type of employment does. The prevalence of nonstandard employment among female workers in Japan accounts for much of the gender gap in IT use and skills in that country. (Contains 11 footnotes and 6 tables.)

Published
2004

2. Paper chases the electronic age.

Subjects
TECHNOLOGICAL innovations, PAPER industry, ECONOMIC demand, OPTICAL disks, COMPUTERS, ECONOMIC history
Abstract

The article offers information on the impact of the electronic technologies to the paper industry in the U.S. It presents the growing threats of electronics to the optimism for the paper industry including the possible replacement of optical discs for storing of information, computers will replaced typewriter, and video systems will replaced directories. It mentions that the demand for papers such as carbon and mimeograph papers declined due to the technological change.

Published
1982

3. Proceedings of the International Association for Development of the Information Society (IADIS) International Conference on Cognition and Exploratory Learning in Digital Age (CELDA) (Madrid, Spain, October 19-21, 2012)

Author

International Association for Development of the Information Society (IADIS)

Abstract

The IADIS CELDA 2012 Conference intention was to address the main issues concerned with evolving learning processes and supporting pedagogies and applications in the digital age. There had been advances in both cognitive psychology and computing that have affected the educational arena. The convergence of these two disciplines is increasing at a fast pace and affecting academia and professional practice in many ways. Paradigms such as just-in-time learning, constructivism, student-centered learning and collaborative approaches have emerged and are being supported by technological advancements such as simulations, virtual reality and multi-agents systems. These developments have created both opportunities and areas of serious concerns. This conference aimed to cover both technological as well as pedagogical issues related to these developments. The IADIS CELDA 2012 Conference received 98 submissions from more than 24 countries. Out of the papers submitted, 29 were accepted as full papers. In addition to the presentation of full papers, short papers and reflection papers, the conference also includes a keynote presentation from internationally distinguished researchers. Individual papers contain figures, tables, and references.

Published
2012

4. Invited Guest or Wedding Crasher?: School Librarians' Involvement in National Initiatives

Author

International Association of School Librarianship (IASL), School Library Association of Queensland Inc. (SLAQ), and Everhart, Nancy

Abstract

Nationwide education initiatives are underway in various parts of the world, including a push for national curricula in the U.S. and Australia. In Australia, school librarians have been invited guests to provide input into the integration of digital/information literacy across curriculum areas. Conversely, U.S., school librarians crashed the wedding by actively responding to the Common Core Standards initiative by highlighting areas where information literacy skills, dispositions, responsibilities and assessments are integrated--even though they weren't asked. Other examples of successful and not so successful national school librarian involvement to infuse 21st century skills and implications for professional practice are discussed.

Published
2010

5. Advocates Say Paper Ballots Are the Safest... cheapest and fastest way to fix vulnerable systems before the midterms.

Author

Newkirk, Margaret

Subjects
ELECTION security measures, VOTING, PAPER, VOTING machines, COMPUTERS, GEORGIA state politics & government, FOREIGN electoral interference
Abstract

The article discusses advocates' attitudes that paper ballots for U.S. voting is allegedly more secure than computerized voting in elections, including in regard to the potential foreign election interference. An overview of the use of computerized voting machines in Georgia elections is provided.

Published
2018

6. Education and Training for a Technological World. Information Series No. 267.

Author

Ohio State Univ., Columbus. National Center for Research in Vocational Education. and Lemons, C. Dale

Abstract

Today, this country is facing awesome challenges. Technology is changing all aspects of life, while work force requirements shift rapidly, swelling the numbers of workers who need to be retrained. At the same time, information technologies are creating changes in the automated office. Higher-level literacy is required for most workers in this sector. As the economy moves from an industrial to an information base, the mass educational approach designed to turn out productive workers for industry is no longer deemed appropriate. Rather, education for the future must be improved; not only must schools reemphasize the basics, they must expand the traditional curriculum to include communications, higher-level problem-solving skills, and scientific and technological literacy. Whereas only 7 percent of this country's new jobs will be in high-technology occupations, programs to train workers for these jobs must be designed and implemented quickly if the United States is to compete in the international marketplace of the new global economy. Educators at all levels should cooperate to provide their students with higher levels of mathematics, language, science, and computer literacy skills, along with critical thinking and reasoning skills. (This paper provides information about and examples of the types of programs needed to prepare persons for the new technological jobs that are emerging.) (KC)

Published
1984

7. Tech Tools in Pandemic-Transformed Information Literacy Instruction: Pushing for Digital Accessibility.

Author

Rybin Koob, Amanda, Ibacache Oliva, Kathia Salomé, Williamson, Michael, Lamont-Manfre, Marisha, Hugen, Addie, and Dickerson, Amelia

Subjects
COMPUTER software, SCHOOL environment, CELL phones, COMPUTERS, DIGITAL technology, MOBILE apps, INFORMATION literacy, INTERNET access, ACCESS to information, TEACHING aids, ASSISTIVE technology, EDUCATIONAL technology, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, COVID-19 pandemic, AMERICANS with Disabilities Act of 1990, VIDEO recording, GRAPHICAL user interfaces, EDUCATION
Abstract

Inspired by pandemic-transformed instruction, this paper examines the digital accessibility of five tech tools used in information literacy sessions, specifically for students who use assistive technologies such as screen readers. The tools are Kahoot!, Mentimeter, Padlet, Jamboard, and Poll Everywhere. First, we provide an overview of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and digital accessibility definitions, descriptions of screen reading assistive technology, and the current use of tech tools in information literacy instruction for student engagement. Second, we examine accessibility testing assessments of the five tech tools selected for this paper. Our data show that the tools had severe, significant, and minor levels of digital accessibility problems, and while there were some shared issues, most problems were unique to the individual tools. We explore the implications of tech tools' unique environments as well as the importance of best practices and shared vocabularies. We also argue that digital accessibility benefits all users. Finally, we provide recommendations for teaching librarians to collaborate with campus offices to assess and advance the use of accessible tech tools in information literacy instruction, thereby enhancing an equitable learning environment for all students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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8. Academic Libraries: 2010. First Look. NCES 2012-365

Author

National Center for Education Statistics (ED), Phan, Tai, Hardesty, Laura, Hug, Jamie, and Sheckells, Cindy

Abstract

This report presents tabulations for the 2010 Academic Libraries Survey (ALS) conducted by the U.S. Department of Education's National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), within the Institute of Education Sciences. The 2010 ALS population included postsecondary institutions with all of the following: total library expenditures that exceed $10,000; an organized collection of printed or other materials, or a combination thereof; a staff trained to provide and interpret such materials as required to meet the informational, cultural, recreational, or educational needs of the clientele; an established schedule in which services of the staff are available to the clientele; and the physical facilities necessary to support such a collection, staff, and schedule. Some of the findings include: (1) Academic libraries loaned some 11.2 million documents to other libraries in fiscal year 2010 (table 1). Academic libraries also borrowed approximately 10.2 million documents from other libraries and commercial services. Documents from commercial services accounted for about 176,000 of those documents borrowed; (2) The majority of academic libraries, 2,362, were open between 60-99 hours during a typical week in fall of 2010 (derived from table 2). Another 564 academic libraries were open 100 or more hours per typical week; (3) In fiscal year 2010, academic libraries conducted approximately 34.6 million information services to individuals, including computer searches (table 3); (4) At the end of fiscal year 2010, there were 227 academic libraries that held at least 1 million or more books, serial backfiles, and other paper materials including government documents (table 4); (5) Academic libraries held approximately 158.7 million e-books and about 1.8 million electronic reference sources and aggregation services; (6) Academic libraries reported 88,943 full-time equivalent (FTE) staff working in academic libraries during the fall of 2010 (table 7); (7) Just under half of academic libraries, 1,739, had total expenditures of $500,000 or more in fiscal year 2010 (derived from table 8). Another 581 academic libraries had total expenditures under $100,000 (derived from table 8); (8) During fiscal year 2010, academic libraries spent about $3.4 billion on salaries and wages, representing approximately 50 percent of total library expenditures (table 9); (9) Academic libraries spent approximately $152.4 million for electronic books, serial backfiles, and other materials in fiscal year 2010 (table 10). Expenditures for electronic current serial subscriptions totaled about $1.2 billion. During fiscal year 2010, academic libraries spent approximately $142.7 million for computer hardware and software (table 11); (10) In fall of 2010, about 41 percent of academic libraries reported providing documents digitized by staff (table 12); (11) Over half (54 percent) reported providing technology to assist patrons with disabilities in fall of 2010 (table 12); (12) During fiscal year 2010, some 72 percent of academic libraries reported that they supported virtual reference services (table 13); and (13) During fiscal year 2010, about 32 percent of academic libraries reported that they utilized instant messaging applications (table 13). Appended are: (1) Technical Notes; (2) Glossary; and (3) Survey Questionnaire and Instructions. (Contains 37 tables and 1 footnote.)

Published
2011

9. Stakeholders in Student Success: Public-Private Partnerships Strengthening K-12 Education

Author

Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars and Nader, Jacqueline

Abstract

Ensuring that every child grows up with a strong education is a deeply rooted American value. Over time, however, the basic preparation that American students need to succeed in the world has changed. Now, with a competitive global economy and the importance of technology in the fields of health, energy, and engineering, the United States must improve its education system to give all students, regardless of ethnic or economic background, the skills to face these challenges and seize the opportunities available to them. With this objective in mind and with a generous grant from the Petrie Foundation, the Program on Science, Technology, America, and the Global Economy (STAGE) has brought together leading thinkers from the worlds of business, government, and the classroom in order to discuss the best possible ways to move the U.S. education system forward. This report is a resource for educational stakeholders, presenting a collection of initiatives and policies that have been making gains in student achievement and can be expanded to improve the U.S. education system, especially if they continue to engage all segments of the population--from the government to the private sector to teachers and parents. The first section describes two multi-panel conferences, which were held at the Wilson Center with a follow-up session on Capitol Hill, to outline some of the most innovative and measurably-successful educational programs across the country. The first conference, held on February 27, 2008, focused on programs that have created new approaches to in-class instruction and after-school activities, with the goal of inspiring students and bringing their knowledge into the 21st century. The second conference took place on May 6, 2008, with a complementary Hill discussion the next day, to examine initiatives aimed at teacher support, including excellent undergraduate degree programs and professional development opportunities. The next section of the report summarizes the key findings of additional conferences and seminars, which were held to address national education issues and possible areas of reform. The first of these was in November of 2007, sponsored by the STAGE Program and the Wilson Center's Asia Program, to compare mathematics and science education in the U.S. with that of Japan, China, and Korea. Then, in April of 2008, three members of the U.S. Department of Education's National Mathematics Advisory Panel came to the Center to present their report on the current status of and need for reform in K-12 mathematics education, especially in the approach to pre-algebra and algebra subjects. Finally, in June 2008, the STAGE Program partnered with the National Center on Women in Information Technology, the Computing Research Association, and the Association of Computing Machinery to examine the role that a stronger K-12 computer science focus could play in preparing students for the future economy. These seminars had the combined effect of presenting possible system changes in education, including the implementation of national benchmarks, more in-depth textbooks, more effective teacher certification, and a greater commitment to the research of how various policies and administrative decisions affect student outcomes. They also questioned the traditional teaching of core K-12 subjects and pushed for more applicable and substantive classes that are cross-disciplinary in nature and more connected to the real world. This report also includes a section on the experiences and perceptions of dedicated leaders in education, who give significant insights into how this country might improve its schools. Finally, the report details the STAGE Program's future plans to continue to act as a forum for an ongoing dialogue on national education. (Contains 22 endnotes.) [Funding for this paper was provided by the Petrie Foundation.]

Published
2008

10. Applying the French Minitel Model to U.S. Consumer Videotex: The Case of the Electronic Directory Service.

Author

Dupagne, Michel

Abstract

In view of the recent deregulatory developments in the United States' telecommunications industry, it is useful to reassess the issue of consumer videotex, especially as it relates to the implementation of electronic directory services. The success of the French videotex network Minitel relies on 10 principles: (1) cost of terminals; (2) no-frills terminals; (3) understanding the needs and wants of videotex users; (4) proper timing of introduction; (5) centralized authority to manage the videotex system; (6) organizing competition in a favorable regulatory environment; (7) long-range goals orientation; (8) consolidated billing policy; (9) single-standard system; and (10) individualized mass medium. To examine how major U.S. telecommunications companies perceive the establishment of an electronic directory service, a mail survey was sent to 12 executives in charge of planning and development in seven Regional Bell Operating Companies and five independent telephone companies. Ten returned completed questionnaires. Findings indicated that the Bell Companies are very likely to offer electronic white and yellow pages in the near future, while the independent companies seemed unlikely to do so; that telecommunications companies perceived it as unlikely that they will supply low-cost terminals for electronic white pages in the near future; and that the endorsement of a common standard is not likely. (Three tables of data are included and 101 references are attached.) (SR)

Published
1989

11. THE TENTH ACM GEORGE E. FORSYTHE STUDENT PAPER COMPETITION.

Author

Schweppe, Earl J.

Subjects
COMPUTERS, AWARDS, UNIVERSITIES & colleges, COLLEGE teachers, CONTESTS
Abstract

The article reports that the tenth annual George E. Forsythe Award is being presented to two winning papers this year: "An Empirical Study of Insertion and Deletion in Binary Search Trees" by Jeffrey L. Eppinger of Carnegie-Mellon University and "Optimal Paths in Graphs with Stochastic or Multidimensional Weights" by Ronald Prescott Loui of Harvard. The competition memorializes George E. Forsythe, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) President 1964-1966 and leader in the development of Computer Science as a separate discipline. This tenth competition was coordinated by a committee of graduate students from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, with C.L. Liu as faculty advisor, James Peterson, Carl Uhrik, and Norman Josephson were cochairmen of the student judging and refereeing committee.

Published
1983

12. Computing Surveys Student Tutorial Paper Contest.

Subjects
CONTESTS, COMPUTERS, STUDENTS, INTERNET in education
Abstract

The newly formed U.S.-based Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) Student Activities Committee is working with the editors of Computing Surveys to provide an exciting publishing venue for students - the Computing Surveys Student Tutorial Paper Contest. This contest provides an excellent opportunity for students to develop their writing and tutorial skills. Papers should be substantive tutorials of 5,000 - 12,000 words that examine topics in computer science at a level understandable by senior undergraduates. Submissions will initially be judged by a panel of students who will recommend between 5 and 10 papers to a panel selected by the editors. The editors' panel will then select the best paper among these for publication in Computing Surveys. Runners-up will be given honorable mention. Submissions are due by June 30, 1997. For more information, contact Contest Project Leader, John Cavazos (cavazos@cs. umass.edu), and/or see the Contest Announcement on the student web site, www.acm. org/student/.

Published
1997

13. Teaching Multimedia Data Protection through an International Online Competition

Author

Battisti, F., Boato, G., Carli, M., and Neri, A.

Abstract

Low-cost personal computers, wireless access technologies, the Internet, and computer-equipped classrooms allow the design of novel and complementary methodologies for teaching digital information security in electrical engineering curricula. The challenges of the current digital information era require experts who are effectively able to counteract piracy, forgery, copyright infringement, and so on. Digital watermarking is one possible technique for fighting piracy, which consists of the insertion of invisible but robust information to protect the data. In this paper, a new teaching approach, designed for testing student skills and progressing in multimedia data protection, is presented. This consists of a distributed security game where students compete by first using the developed watermarking techniques and then attacking each other's methods, thus verifying their robustness. Groups of students from different universities and countries play against each other, trying to compromise other teams' hiding systems while protecting their own data from attacks. The proposed methodology can be considered as an appealing approach for stimulating learning, cooperation, and team competition. The effectiveness of the teaching method is verified by a student survey and their academic results. (Contains 4 tables and 2 figures.)

Published
2011
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14. US election: Ghosts in the machine.

Author

Lindley, David

Subjects
ELECTRONIC voting, ELECTRONIC data processing, VOTING machines, ELECTRONIC equipment, VOTING, COMPUTERS
Abstract

The article discusses electronic voting machines, particularly the direct recording electronic (DRE) devices. The device translates a voter's choice into electronic data. Computer scientists Avi Rubin and Dan Wallach recommended that DRE systems should generate voter-verified audit trails on which a voter could check that his or her vote had been cast correctly. The DRE system was put in place in the May 2006 primary elections in Ohio. However, it was not a great success and a Ohio study showed that almost 10% of the paper records were useless or absent because the printers jammed, ran out of paper or overprinted.

Published
2008
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15. professional activities.

Subjects
ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc., COMPUTERS, CONFERENCES & conventions, OFFICE practice automation, COMPUTER graphics, COMPUTER input-output equipment
Abstract

The article focuses on issues of interest to the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) members. The ACM chapters, which will host the ACM 1981 Annual Conference from November 9 to 11, 1981 in Los Angeles, California, will sponsor a professional development seminar after the conference. A call has been issued for participation in the Office Automation Conference to be held from April 5 to 7, 1982 in San Francisco, California. The 9th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques, to be held from July 26 to 30, 1982 in Boston, Massachusetts, has issued a call for papers.

Published
1981

16. Communications Technology in the Future of Higher Education in the United States.

Author

Washington Univ., St. Louis, MO. Center for Development Technology. and Morgan, Robert P.

Abstract

An examination is made of the potential role of communications media and technology in the future of higher education in the United States (U.S.). The status of U.S. higher education is reviewed, important trends are identified, and the rationale for increased technological utilization is discussed. This is followed by a description of selected examples and uses of large-scale electronic technology in American higher education and by a review of experiments and demonstrations involving television and computer and information networks. Particular attention is also devoted to experiments and future developments involving communications satellites. Projects in the Pacific area and Alaska, as well as forthcoming experiments in the Rocky Mountain states and in Appalachia, are described, with emphasis upon developments which might aid in resource sharing and in expanding access to higher education. The paper concludes with some brief comments concerning forecasts of the future utilization of technology in higher education and some suggestions concerning the role of communications media in the proposed World University. (Author)

Published
1973

17. North American Perspective: Computing and Networks in Canada and the United States. Proceedings of the EDUCOM Fall Conference, October 16-18, 1974, Toronto, Ontario.

Author

Interuniversity Communications Council (EDUCOM), Princeton, NJ.

Abstract

Further developing a theme that has characterized several recent EDUCOM conferences, the 1974 EDUCOM Fall Conference focused on "Computing and Networks in Higher Education." Included in the conference program were papers and discussions on approaches to solving the organizational and financial problems of networking used in both the United States and Canada. The specific topical sections were: (1) national computing policies, (2) integrating CATV and computing instruction, (3) computers and the learning process, (4) networking for instruction, (5) management of systems and institutions, and (6) communication and innovation. (Author/DGC)

Published
1974

18. Computer Contribution Act of 1983. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Select Revenue Measures of the Committee on Ways and Means. House of Representatives, Ninety-Eighth Congress, First Session, on H.R.701 (San Francisco, California).

Author

Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. House Committee on Ways and Means.

Abstract

This hearing on legislation designed to encourage contributions of computers and computer equipment to elementary and secondary schools emphasizes California's experience with a state-level program. Testimony is included from the following witnesses: Kay Pacheco, Alameda County Office of Education; Michael D. Rashkin, Apple Computer, Inc.; Barbara Bowen, Apple Education Foundation; David Bossen, Measurex Corp. on behalf of the American Electronics Association; Edmund G. Brown, Jr., National Commission on Industrial Innovation; Fern Burch, on behalf of Glenn T. Seaborg, Lawrence Hall of Science, University of California, Berkeley; Michael D. Schuetz, California Federation of Teachers, Committee on Computer Technology and Education; Del A. Weber, California Teachers Association; Bobby Goodson and LeRoy Finkel, Computer-Using Educators, Inc.; Alwine Fenton and Young Kim, Eden Gardens Elementary School, Hayward, California; Louis J. Goins, Baden High School, South San Francisco; Gary Gubitz, Hewlett-Packard Co.; Thomas Heineman. Livermore Valley Joint Unified School District; Lillian Heller, Kaypro Corp.; Emery Rogers Hewlett-Packard Foundation, National Grants Review Board; Joan Targ, Interactive Sciences, Inc.; and Chris Thacker, Jordan Middle School, Palo Alto, California. Statements are included from Donald Devine, Association of Data Processing Services Organizations; Sala Burton, California Congressional Representative; and Tandy Corporation/Radio Shack. (LMM)

Published
1983

19. Information Technology R&D: Critical Trends and Issues.

Author

Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. Office of Technology Assessment.

Abstract

This Office of Technology Assessment report on the current state of research and development in the telecommunications industry in the United States examines four specific areas of research as case studies: computer architecture, artificial intelligence, fiber optics, and software engineering. It discusses the structure and orientation of some selected foreign programs as they challenge traditional U.S. market leadership in some areas of computers and communications. Finally, it examines a set of issues that were raised in the course of the study: manpower, institutional change, the new research organizations that grew out of Bell Laboratories, and the implications of trends in overall science and technology policy. Following an introduction and summary of the report, individual chapters address the following topics: (1) the environment for research and development in information technology in the United States; (2) selected case studies in information technology research and development; (3) effects of deregulation and divestiture on research; (4) education and human resources for research and development; (5) new roles for universities in information technology research and development; (6) foreign information technology research and development; (7) information technology research and development in the context of U.S. science and technology policy; and (8) technology and industry. (JB)

Published
1985

20. New Transactions on Information and System Security.

Subjects
COMPUTERS, COMMUNICATION & technology, COMPUTER security, REPORT writing
Abstract

This article presents information regarding the submission invited by U.S.-based Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) to its new Transactions on Information and System Security (TISSEC), to debut in early 1998. TISSEC will publish original, archival-quality research papers and technical notes in all areas of information and system security including technologies, systems, applications, and policies. Ravi Sandhu, a professor at George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia is the Editor-in-Chief. Members of the editorial board have been listed. Papers should have practical relevance to the construction, evaluation, application, or operation of secure systems. Theoretical papers will be accepted only if there is convincing argument for practical significance of the results. TISSEC will start as a traditional, paper-based journal with future evolution to electronic distribution media expected. The editorial board is committed to a turnaround time comparable to that of research conferences while ensuring archival journal quality.

Published
1997

21. Virtual JAM, Then and Now.

Subjects
EDITORIALS, COMPUTER science, COMPUTERS, PERIODICALS, PUBLISHING
Abstract

Recounts the editorials published in the July 1997 issue of the Communications journal of the Association for Computing Machinery in the United States. Publication of 'virtual Journal for All Members'; Criticisms on the journal; Classification of papers appearing as Technical Contributions.

Published
1982

22. PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES.

Subjects
SPECIAL events, COMPUTER systems, COMPUTERS, CYBERNETICS
Abstract

The article presents a calendar of events related to computers. The 1985 National Computer Conference will be held on July 15 to 18 in Chicago, Illinois. The Artificial Intelligence in Economics and Management workshop will be held on March 12 to 14, 1985, in Zurich, Switzerland. The World Conference on Computers in Education (WCCE) will be held on July 29 to August 2, 1985, in Norwolk, Virginia.

Published
1984

23. Technology and industrial agglomeration: Evidence from computer usage.

Author

Wheeler, Christopher H.

Subjects
INDUSTRIAL concentration, INDUSTRIAL productivity, COMPUTERS, METROPOLITAN areas, WAGES, LABOR
Abstract

Although the association between industrial agglomeration and productivity has been widely examined and documented, little work has explored the possibility that these ‘external’ productivity shifts are the product of more advanced technologies. This paper offers a look at this hypothesis using data on individual-level computer usage across a sample of U.S. metropolitan areas over the years 1984, 1989, 1993 and 1997. The results indicate that, for a wide array of industries at the two, three, and four digit SIC level, an industry's scale within a metropolitan area is positively associated with the frequency of computer use by its workers. However, in spite of these observable differences in workplace technology, I also find that estimated localization effects on wages are largely not explained by computer usage. Even after controlling for computer use, there remain significant own-industry scale effects in labour earnings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2009
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24. Automation takes hold in printing industry.

Subjects
COMPUTERS, TYPESETTING, PRINTING industry, NEWSPAPERS
Abstract

The article focuses on how computers are replacing typesetting in the printing industry in the U.S. The "Los Angeles Times" reported it is producing 50 columns of type each day with an RCA 301. "Oklahoma City Times" and "Oklahoman" are using an International Business Machine Corp. 1620 computer. Other papers are also reported to be considering the use of computers.

Published
1963

25. Algorithms.

Author

Paciorek, Kathleen A. and Fosdick, L. D.

Subjects
ALGORITHMS, COMPUTERS, ELECTRONIC systems, FORTRAN, COMPUTER programming
Abstract

The article presents several research papers relating to algorithms. The paper "Greatest Common Divisor of n Integers and Multipliers" presents an algorithm which calculates the greatest common divisor, IGCD, of n integers. Details of the method and comparisons to other algorithms are also given. The algorithm is a new version of the Euclidean algorithm for n integers. The n-1 calculations of the greatest common divisor of two integers is accomplished by means of a modified version of the Blankinship algorithm. The paper "Exponential Integral Ei (x)" presents the results of one phase of research carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under Contract NAS7-100, sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. It presents an algorithm which was compiled and executed without any modification on a UNIVAC 1108 computer. An unfortunate precedent has been set in several recent algorithms of using an illegal FORTRAN construction.

Published
1970

26. GUEST EDITORIAL: INTORDUCTION TO THE SPECIAL SECTION.

Subjects
SOFTWARE engineering, CONFERENCES & conventions, COMPUTERS, ELECTRONIC systems
Abstract

The Symposium on Foundations in Software Engineering is an annual conference sponsored by Association for Computing Machinery, a computer portal and dedicated to the presentation of innovative research results contributing to an engineering discipline for software systems. This special section of the July 1998 issue of the journal IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering features three of the best papers from the fourth symposium, held in October 1996 in San Francisco, California. During its first half-decade, research results presented at this conference have covered engineering research topics. However, a number of distinguishing properties tend to characterize the best of the papers and have helped set the standards for high-quality software engineering research. The three papers in this special section illustrate these properties. One of the critical challenges for software engineering research is to find practical tools that help system builder restructure existing systems. Mark Moriconi was general chair for the symposium and deserves considerable credit for its success.

Published
1998
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27. Standardization from Below: Science and Technology Standards and Educational Software.

Author

Fleischmann, Kenneth R.

Subjects
EDUCATIONAL technology, DISSECTION, SIMULATION software, SCHOOL centralization, EDUCATION, COMPUTER software, GOVERNMENT policy
Abstract

Education in the United States is becoming increasingly standardized, with the standards being initiated at the national level and then trickling down to the state level and finally the local level. Yet, this top-down approach to educational standards carries with it significant limitations, such as loss of local autonomy and restrictions on the creativity of educational software designers. This paper reports findings from a study of the design and use of frog dissection simulations used in middle school and high school biology classes. The paper builds on the existing literatures on science and technology standards in education, using interviews, participant observation, and content analysis guided by grounded theory. The results highlight the ways that top-down educational standards constrain science teachers and software designers. The discussion presents an alternative to the topdown regime of educational standards, namely, a bottom-up approach of standardization from below. Finally, the conclusion argues that local control of educational experiences in the form of standardization from below can improve upon the traditional regime of top-down standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007

28. Industry and World News.

Subjects
RIGHT of privacy, CONTESTS, MANAGEMENT information systems, COMPUTERS, EXHIBITIONS
Abstract

The article provides updates concerning the Association for Computing Machinery as of November 1979. Privacy legislation has been submitted to the U.S. Congress. Papers are invited for the Society for Management Information Systems Award Competition. The U.S. Department of Commerce will sponsor a Computer Exhibition in Taipei, Taiwan in January 1980.

Published
1979

29. General News and Notes.

Subjects
COMPUTERS, VIDEO display terminals, ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc., DESIGN
Abstract

Reports developments on computer technology in the United States as of March 1985. Registration of the microchip design by the U.S. Copyright Office for the original semiconductor designs; Implementation of technology dissemination by the Federal agencies; Inauguration of the workshops on the proper use of video display terminals by the Computer and Business Equipment Manufacturers Association.

Published
1985

30. General News and Notes.

Subjects
ELECTRONIC industries, COMPUTERS, TELECOMMUNICATIONS laws & regulations
Abstract

The article presents news related to electronic industries. The National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) has begun a study of long-range international telecommunications and information goals of the United States, examining specific policies necessary to promote those goals and the strategies for achieving them. NTIA will also conduct a review of the structures, procedures and mechanisms that the United States uses to develop international telecommunications and information policy. According to a National Science Foundation panel, a program coordinated by the Federal Government is needed to stimulate the U.S. development and use of supercomputers. The panel's report recommended that the program be coordinated within the Federal Government by an interagency policy committee assisted by an interdisciplinary advisory panel, with necessary funding exceeding the current level of supercomputer R&D expenditures. Papers are solicited for a special issue of the "IEEE Transactions on Computers" covering reliable and fault-tolerant computing to be published in July 1984.

Published
1983

31. A Computer-Assisted System for the Routing and Scheduling of Street Sweepers.

Author

Bodin, Lawrence D. and Kursh, Samuel J.

Subjects
STREET cleaners, SANITATION workers, SCHEDULING, COMPUTERS, PRODUCTION scheduling, COMPUTER assisted instruction, ALGORITHMS
Abstract

This paper discusses a computer-assisted method for routing and scheduling street sweepers in a municipality. We present the basic structure of this vehicle routing and scheduling problem, formulate the street-sweeper routing problem, and explain the algorithm. The computer implementation based on this algorithm is then described. Computational experience with the system in New York City and Washington, D.C., is presented and the obstacles to and successes with implementation are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1978
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32. Professional activities.

Subjects
CONFERENCES & conventions, COMPUTER simulation, INFORMATION retrieval, COMPUTER systems, COMPUTERS
Abstract

The article presents information about various events related to computer machinery. Changing Patterns in Information Retrieval will be the theme of the 10th Annual National Information Retrieval Colloquium on May 3-4, 1973, at the Independence Mall Holiday Inn, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The Sixth Annual Simulation Symposium will be held in Tampa, Florida, on March 7-9, 1973. The Symposium provides an excellent opportunity to hear about latest developments in the field of digital computer simulation as well as opportunity to meet informally with other active members of the simulation community. The Second Texas Conference on Computing Systems will be held in Austin on November 12-13, 1973. The conference is an annual forum for the presentation of state-of-the-art practice in computing systems and research results. The second annual Computer Communications Conference will be held on January 24-25, 1973, at California State University, San Jose. Theme of the conference is "Time-Sharing: Past, Present, and Future."

Published
1972

33. A Grammatical Approach to Self-Organizing Robotic Systems.

Author

Klavins, Eric, Ghrist, Robert, and Lipsky, David

Subjects
GRAPH grammars, FORMAL languages, PROGRAMMING languages, COMPUTERS, ROBOTS, MACHINE theory, ROBOTICS research, ELECTRONICS
Abstract

In this paper, we define a class of graph grammars that can be used to model and direct concurrent robotic self-assembly and similar self-organizing processes. We give several detailed examples of the formalism and then focus on the problem of synthesizing a grammar so that it generates a given, prespecified assembly. In particular, to generate an acyclic graph we synthesize a binary grammar (rules involve at most two parts), and for a general graph we synthesize a ternary grammar (rules involve at most three parts). In both cases, we characterize the number of concurrent steps required to achieve the assembly. We also show a general result that implies that no binary grammar can generate a unique stable assembly. We conclude the paper with a discussion of how graph grammars can be used to direct the self-assembly of robotic parts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006
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34. Some Preliminary Findings on Social Stratification in the United States.

Author

Blau, Peter M. and Duncan, Otis Dudley

Subjects
SOCIAL stratification, SOCIAL science research, EDUCATION, ETHNICITY, COMPUTERS
Abstract

This is a preliminary report from a study of occupational mobility in the United States. Objectives of the study are to describe patterns of social mobility in some detail, to estimate the influence of various factors on occupational life chances and to ascertain a few consequences of socio-economic status and mobility, such as their implications for fertility. The present paper reports selected findings pertaining to factors affecting occupational achievement and chances to move away from one's social origins. In particular, researchers examine the significance for occupational attainment of education, ethnic background, community size, migration and parental family. In addition to presenting preliminary substantive findings from this research, this paper also provides an opportunity for illustrating the analytical procedures that have been used. The analysis relies to a large extent on the regression approach. Two major advantages of this approach which prompted this decision to adopt it are that it is a very efficient method of large scale data reduction and that it permits, consequently, the simultaneous examination of interrelations of fairly large numbers of variables, especially if computers are used. Contingency tables containing half a dozen or more variables and many hundreds of cells are too complex to be analyzed by inspection, whereas the regression method permits the analysis of these interrelations.

Published
1966
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35. Don't Take Civil Liberties in the Name of National Security.

Author

Beroset, Edward J., Jaros, John, Date, C.J., Plotkin, Robert, Simkin, Rick, Moran, Thomas W., Kawabata, Hugh, Funk, Jason, Valckenaers, Paul, Rinker, Bob, de Chameaux, Dennis, and Mateescu, Gabriel

Subjects
COMPUTERS, CIVIL rights, LAW enforcement, PUBLIC interest, NATIONAL security
Abstract

The article focuses on the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) and cases dealing with civil liberty. The ACM is an international scientific and educational organization, sewing both professional and public interests. It has been held that there is no such thing as overzealous enforcement of liberties. This is not acceptable to those who subscribe to ACM Code of Ethics, section 1.7 concerning respect for the privacy of others as a moral imperative. The exception is solely in cases where it is evidence for the violation of law, organizational regulations, or this Code. In these cases, the nature or contents of that information must be disclosed only to proper authorities. In the Zacarias Moussaoui case, the FBI was denied permission to access private data not by the custodians of the data but by the custodians of the law itself, the judiciary; because they lacked probable cause. The Fourth Amendment, which holds that the right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

Published
2002

36. ACM Announces New SIG on Multimedia; First Conference Planned in August.

Subjects
CONFERENCES & conventions, COMPUTERS, ADULT education workshops, MULTIMEDIA systems
Abstract

This article presents an announcement for the formation of Special Interest Group (SIG) on multimedia. The SIC Board recently gave preliminary approval for the formation of a new SIC on multimedia. This coincided with the very positive response to Multimedia 1993, the first Association for Computing Machinery International Conference on Multimedia held at Anaheim, California. More than 200 papers have been submitted to Multimedia 1993. The conference, which will be co-located with SIGGRAPH 1993, was an exciting event with top-quality papers, a series of helpful courses, and three special workshops on distributed, medical and sound processing applications. Complimentary membership in the SIC on multimedia was being offered to all those who attend the 1993 Multimedia Conference.

Published
1993

37. U.S. Computer Export Control Policies: Value Conflicts and Policy Choices.

Author

Goodman, S. E.

Subjects
COMPUTERS, EXPORT controls, COMPUTER peripherals, COMPUTER input-output equipment, COMPUTER storage devices, GOVERNMENT policy
Abstract

The formulation of a balanced and effective export control policy for computer products and know-how has been an Important and difficult task for both the U.S. Government and the computing community. External pressures force national security concerns to conflict with the values and interests of private enterprise and academic freedom. This paper has two primary objectives: the first is to present the computing community with a reasonably equitable and detailed perspective on this important public policy problem; the second is to present and analyze a range of policy choices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1982
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38. Trajectories of Electrical Engineering and Computer Engineering Students by Race and Gender.

Author

Lord, Susan M., Layton, Richard A., and Ohland, Matthew W.

Subjects
ENGINEERING education, ELECTRICAL engineering, COMPUTER engineering, CURRICULUM, DECISION making, SEX differences (Biology), ENGINEERING students
Abstract

Electrical engineering (EE) is one of the largest engineering disciplines. Computer engineering (CpE) has a similar curriculum, but different demographics and student outcomes. Using a dataset from universities in the U.S. that includes over 70\,000 students who majored in engineering, this paper describes the outcomes for students matriculating in and migrating into EE and CpE so as to inform the decision making of faculty, department heads, and deans. Although men consistently outnumber women in EE and CpE, the rates of matriculation and six-year graduation vary by race and gender. EE is the most popular choice for Asian and Black students (males and females) at matriculation, but while Asians graduate at high rates, Blacks (particularly males) are not retained. Retention is higher in EE than in CpE despite the similarity of the curricula. Graduation rates are lower than expected for women of all races in CpE and for Hispanic women in EE. By the third semester, some students of all races and genders have left their matriculation major, but others have migrated in from other majors, compensating for some of this loss. CpE students are more likely than EE students to switch to another major. Trajectories of EE and CpE students are racialized and distinct. CpE loses more students and attracts fewer students than EE. These findings illustrate the importance of disaggregating by engineering major as well as race and gender to improve recruitment and retention overall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2011
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39. A mixed method study of the merits of e-prescribing drug alerts in primary care.

Author

Lapane, Kate L., Waring, Molly E., Schneider, Karen L., Dubé, Catherine, Quilliam, Brian J., and Dubé, Catherine

Subjects
MEDICAL care, PRIMARY care, DRUG side effects, DRUG prescribing, MEDICAL research, MEDICAL technology, MEDICAL informatics, CLINICAL trials, MEDICATION error prevention, ATTITUDE (Psychology), DRUG therapy, COMPUTERS, FOCUS groups, PHARMACY databases, COMPUTERS in medicine, NURSE practitioners, GENERAL practitioners, PHYSICIANS' assistants, PRIMARY health care, RESEARCH funding, ACQUISITION of data, HEALTH care reminder systems, POLYPHARMACY
Abstract

Objectives: The objective of this paper was to describe primary care prescribers' perspectives on electronic prescribing drug alerts at the point of prescribing.Design: We used a mixed-method study which included clinician surveys (web-based and paper) and focus groups with prescribers and staff.Participants: Prescribers (n = 157) working in one of 64 practices using 1 of 6 e-prescribing technologies in 6 US states completed the quantitative survey and 276 prescribers and staff participated in focus groups.Measurements: The study measures self-reported frequency of overriding of drug alerts; open-ended responses to: "What do you think of the drug alerts your software generates for you?"Results: More than 40% of prescribers indicated they override drug-drug interactions most of the time or always (range by e-prescribing system, 25% to 50%). Participants indicated that the software and the interaction alerts were beneficial to patient safety and valued seeing drug-drug interactions for medications prescribed by others. However, they noted that alerts are too sensitive and often unnecessary. Participant suggestions included: (1) run drug alerts on an active medication list and (2) allow prescribers to set the threshold for severity of alerts.Conclusions: Primary care prescribers recognize the patient safety value of drug prescribing alerts embedded within electronic prescribing software. Improvements to increase specificity and reduce alert overload are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008
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40. Student Survey Response Rates across Institutions: Why Do they Vary?

Author

Porter, Stephen and Umbach, Paul

Subjects
STUDENTS, EDUCATIONAL surveys, LINEAR statistical models, COMPUTERS, STUDENT organizations, EDUCATION research, INTERNET in education, WEBSITES
Abstract

While many studies have examined nonresponse in student surveys, little research investigates why some schools achieve higher student survey response rates than other schools. Using hierarchical linear modeling, we analyze survey data from 321 institutions that participated in the 2003 National Survey of Student Engagement to understand how characteristics of colleges and universities relate to student survey response rates. We find that the makeup of the student body, as well as institutional characteristics such public/private status and urban location affects response rates, and that the number of computers per undergraduate has a strong positive effect for web survey response rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006
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41. Can Computer Use Hurt Science Achievement? The USA Results from PISA.

Author

Papanastasiou, Elena C., Zembylas, Michalinos, and Vrasidas, Charalambos

Subjects
SCIENCE education, ACADEMIC achievement, COMPUTER assisted instruction, COMPUTERS & literacy, EDUCATIONAL technology
Abstract

A surprising result of the Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) is that computer use was negatively associated with high student achievement in some countries. More specifically, the students from all three countries who indicated that they use computers in the classroom most frequently were those with the lowest achievement on the TIMSS in 1995. For the purpose of this study, a similar comparison was made for 15-year-old U.S.A. students, based on the data from the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA). The results of this study show that it is not computer use itself that has a positive or negative effect on the science achievement of students, but the way in which computers are used. For example, after controlling for the student's socioeconomic status in the United States of America, the results indicated that the students who used computers frequently at home, including for the purpose of writing papers, tended to have higher science achievement. However, the results of this study also show that science achievement was negatively related to the use of certain types of educational software. This indicates a result similar to that found in the TIMSS data, which might reflect the fact that teachers assign the use of the computer and of educational software to the lower achieving students more frequently, so that these students can obtain more personal and direct feedback through educational software. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2003
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42. Why I Love My EMR.

Author

Soper, William D.

Subjects
COMPUTERS, HOSPITAL prospective payment
Abstract

Presents questions and answer advisory concerning the importance of an electronic digital system in the U.S. Improvement of the reimbursement process; Incurrence of transcription expenses; Accounts on the medical transcription cost per provider. INSETS: HOW MUCH WILL YOU SAVE WITH AN EMR?;SPEEDBAR.

Published
2002

43. COMPUTERS, OBSOLESCENCE, AND PRODUCTIVITY.

Author

Whelan, Karl

Subjects
COMPUTERS, INDUSTRIAL productivity, PRODUCT obsolescence, DEPRECIATION, PRODUCTION (Economic theory), HIGH technology industries, CAPITAL stock
Abstract

This paper develops a new technique for measuring the effect of computer usage on U.S. productivity growth. Standard National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) measures of the computer capital stock, which are constructed by weighting past investments according to a schedule for economic depreciation (the rate at which capital loses value as it ages), are shown to be inappropriate for growth accounting because they do not capture the effect of a unit of computer capital on productivity. This is due to technological obsolescence: machines that are still productive are retired because they are no longer near the technological frontier, and anticipation of retirement affects economic depreciation. Using a model that incorporates obsolescence, alternative stocks are developed that imply a larger computer-usage effect. This effect, together with the direct effect of increased productivity in the computer-producing sector, accounted for the improvement in U.S. productivity growth over 1996–1998 relative to the previous twenty years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2002
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44. 'Mathematical Machines' of the Cold War: Soviet Computing, American Cybernetics and Ideological Disputes in the Early 1950s.

Author

Gerovitch, Slava

Subjects
COLD War, 1945-1991, TECHNOLOGY, CYBERNETICS, COMPUTERS, IDEOLOGY, MILITARY science
Abstract

Soviet science in the post-WWII period was torn between two contradictory directives: to 'overtake and surpass' Western science, especially in defence-related fields; and to 'criticize and destroy' Western scholarship for its alleged ideological flaws. In response to this dilemma, Soviet scientists developed two opposite discursive strategies. While some scholars 'ideologized' science, translating scientific theories into a value-laden political language, others tried to 'de-ideologize' it by drawing a sharp line between ideology and the supposedly value-neutral, 'objective' content of science. This paper examines how early Soviet computing was shaped by the interplay of military and ideological forces, and affected by the attempts to 'de-ideologize' computers. The paper also suggests some important similarities in the impact of the Cold War on science and technology in the Soviet Union and the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2001
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45. The Concurrency Control Mechanism of SDD-1: A System for Distributed Databases (The Fully Redundant Case).

Author

Bernstein, Philip A., Rothnie Jr., James B., Goodman, Nathan, and Papadimitriou, Christos A.

Subjects
DATABASES, DISTRIBUTED computing, ELECTRONIC data processing, DATABASE design, COMPUTERS
Abstract

SDD-1, A System for Distributed Databases, is a distributed database system being developed by Computer Corporation of America (CCA), Cambridge, MA. SDD-1 permits data to be stored redundantly at several database sites in order to enhance the reliability and responsiveness of the system and to facilitate upward scaling of system capacity. This paper describes the method used by SDD-1 for updating data that are stored redundantly. Redundant updating can be costly because it may potentially involve extensive intercomputer communication overhead in order to lock all copies of data being updated. The method described here avoids this overhead by identifying cases in which it is not necessary to perform this global database locking. The identification of transactions that do not require global locking is based on a predefinition of transaction classes performed by the database administrator using an analysis technique described herein. The classes defined are used at run time to decide what level of synchronization is needed for a given transaction. It is important to note that this predefinition activity in no way limits the transactions that the system can accept; it merely permits more efficient execution of those types of transactions that were anticipated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1978

46. Feedback Encoding for Efficient Symbolic Control of Dynamical Systems.

Author

Bicchi, Antonio, Marigo, Alessia, and Piccoli, Benedetto

Subjects
ELECTRONIC feedback, COMPUTATIONAL complexity, MACHINE theory, ELECTRONIC data processing, ROBOTS, COMPUTERS, ROBOTICS research, ELECTRONICS
Abstract

The problem of efficiently steering dynamical systems by generating input plans is considered. Plans are considered which consist of finite-length words constructed on an alphabet of input symbols, which could be, e.g., transmitted through a limited capacity channel to a remote system, where they can be decoded in suitable control actions. Efficiency is considered in terms of the computational complexity of plans, and in terms of their description length (in number of bits). We show that, by suitable choice of the control encoding, finite plans can be efficiently built for a wide class of dynamical systems, computing arbitrarily close approximations of a desired equilibrium in polynomial time. The paper also investigates how the efficiency of planning is affected by the choice of inputs, and provides some results as to optimal performance in terms of accuracy and range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006
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47. Do Your School Mates Influence How Long You Game? Evidence from the U.S.

Author

Amialchuk, Aliaksandr and Kotalik, Ales

Subjects
VIDEO games & psychology, PEER pressure, TEENAGERS, DELINQUENT behavior, COMPULSIVE gambling
Abstract

The goal of this paper is to estimate peer influence in video gaming time among adolescents. Using a nationally representative sample of the U.S. school-aged adolescents in 2009–2010, we estimate a structural model that accounts for the potential biases in the estimate of the peer effect. Our peer group is exogenously assigned and includes one year older adolescents in the same school grade as the respondent. The peer measure is based on peers’ own reports of video gaming time. We find that an additional one hour of playing video games per week by older grade-mates results in .47 hours increase in video gaming time by male responders. We do not find significant peer effect among female responders. Effective policies aimed at influencing the time that adolescents spend video gaming should take these findings into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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48. Diagnois: Choking on paper.

Author

Fisher, Lawrence M.

Subjects
*COMPUTERS, *TECHNOLOGICAL innovations
Abstract

Reports that Stanford Medical Center is quite literally the birthplace of many architects of the computer revolution. Information on Stanford; Information on leading computer companies; Installations information systems in hospitals; Comments; More information.

Published
1995

49. Who Still Does Math with Paper and Pencil?

Author

Steen, Lynn Arthur

Subjects
COMPUTERS, POCKET calculators, EDUCATIONAL technology, COLLEGE students, UNIVERSITIES & colleges
Abstract

The author reflects on the increase in the usage of computers and pocket calculators by college students in the U.S. She asserts that the availability of these powerful instruments will allow students to establish new ground rules for college mathematics. She also believes that with the use of mathematics-speaking calculators, mathematics learning will become more effective.

Published
1987

50. COMING EVENTS.

Subjects
SPECIAL events, COMPUTER science, CONFERENCES & conventions, COMPUTERS, COMPUTER graphics
Abstract

This article presents information on various events related to computer science. A symposium on Electronic Composition in Printing will be held at the National Bureau of Standards in Gaithersburg, Maryland on June 15-16, 1967. Emphasis will be on the state of the art, new machines in development, and research and applications both in and out of government. The Southeastern Regional Meeting of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) will be held jointly with the National Meeting of the Biological Information Organization at the University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, on June 15-17. The previously announced ACM Symposium on the "Design and Implementation of Interactive Systems for Experimental Applied Mathematics," will be held on August 26-28, 1967, just prior to the ACM National Conference at the Sheraton-Park Hotel in Washington D.C. A Computer Graphics Conference will be held on the Urbana campus of the University of Illinois, November 6-8, 1967. The conference will be aimed at participants with some knowledge of the scope and methods of computer graphics.

Published
1967